山西省部分学校2023-2024学年高三下学期开学质量检测英语试题（含答案解析）

2023～2024学年第二学期高三开学质量检测英语考生注意：1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。4.本卷命题范围：高考范围。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatwillthespeakersdoonThursday?A.PlayfootballB.Watchamovie.C.Gohiking.2.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Placeanorder,B.SelectastyleC.Buyabaseball3.Whichcityisbestknownforitsbuildingsaccordingtothewoman?A.Paris.B.Madrid.C.Venice4.WhatisTomgoingtobuy?A.Acupofcoffee.BSomedessert.C.Abook.5.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Salesmanandclient.C.Coworkers.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthemandoing?A.Washinghishands.B.Repairingacar.C.Comfortingthewoman.7.Howdoesthemansoundintheend?A.Sad.B.Hesitant.C.Confident.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.WhatdoesthemansayaboutStevenJohnson?A.Heseemstobeexperienced.B.Heisgoodatcommunicating.CHeisabiginternationaltrader.9.Whenwillthewomanbeoutoftown?A.Tomorrow.B.Nextweek.C.Twoweekslater.10.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Ajobcandidate.B.AtravelplanC.Anewworkmate.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.WhatwillthemandoonMonday?A.Packhisbelongings.B.Attendameeting.C.Starthisnewposition.12.Whatisthemanbusydoingnow?A.Movingtohisnewoffice.B.Preparingforaninterview.C.Lookingforofficesupplies.13.Whatdoesthemanneed?A.Anexpensereport.B.Someboxesandtapes.C.Afewcards.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Wherewilltheeventtakeplace?A.Inacoffeeshop.B.Atamusichall.C.Inapark.15.Whydidthewomanchoosetheplace?A.Itcanattractmoreattention.B.It’sfamily-friendly.C.Itprovidesfreefood.16.Whatisthepurposeoftheevent?A.Tohearsomelivemusic.B.Tohelpananimalshelter.C.Tohavesomefamilyfun.17.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Organizesomeactivities.B.Contributesomemoney.C.Contactsomebands.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhywasthespeakerinterestedinArabic?A.ShehadtostudyinCairo.B.Shewasinspiredbyherteacher.C.ShewouldliveintheMiddleEast.19.WhatwasthebiggestchallengeforthespeakertolearnArabic?A.Findingalivingplace.B.Gettingusedtotheculture.C.Learningthewrittenandspokenforms.20.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkofherexperienceinCairo?A.Rewarding.B.Awkward.C.Awful.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ALastweek,fourspeakersshared,attheSkollWorldForum,whytheyfindthemselvessmilinginspiteofeverything.AvaDuvernayIdon’tbelievethatalloftheproblemsarehappeningtous.Ibelievethey’rehappeningforus.LonnieHolleyisawonderfulartistwhouseswastematerialtocreateartworks.Hesaysweshouldn’tthinkofitasgarbage.Rather,itcanbeturnedintosomethingnew.MahaliHlasaIlovemyfamily.Iwasbroughtupinaveryclosefamily.Ofcoursewefight,butwealsolaughtogether.Weshareallthejoysandthepainsandfindcomfortinthat.WhenIwanttobehappy,myfamilyisalwaysthereforme.WiththesepeoplewhoIlove,IknowthatIamsafe.RodrigoParisRojasIfindoptimisminvillagesandslums(贫民窟).That’sbecausedespitethedifficultenvironmentaroundthem,theystillcometogetherandcelebrateatdifferenttimesofyear.Theybringsomanysmilesandsomuchjoy.WhenIseethat,Isay,“Ihavemoremoneyandmoreeducationthanthem,butthey’rewayhappierthanme.”SoIfindoptimisminthosewaysofcelebratinglifeandbuildingcommunity.EdgardGouveiaJr.I’vefoundoptimismamongkids—Black,white,poor,rich.Theyplay.Theyenjoylife.Theyconnect.It’sonlylaterthattheylearnaboutdifferencesandstarttobehavedifferently.ButwhenIseehowtheyinteractaschildren,it’sallaboutplayfulness.Evenduringwartimesorinverypoorneighborhoods,Iseekidsfindingwaystocreatejoyamongthemselves.1.WhatisLonnieHolley?A.Anartist.B.Aconsultant.C.Ateacher.D.Awastecollector.2.WhatdidMahaliHlasastressinthespeechattheSkollWorldForum?A.Charityandvoluntarywork.B.Positivethinkingandcreativity.C.Moneyandcomfortablelife.D.Familylifeandcloserelationship.3.WhatdidEdgardGouveiaJr.mostlikelymean?A.Don’tsendchildrentoschools.B.Trytogrowupasslowlyaspossible.C.Beingplayfulisstillimportantinadultlife.D.Itisnecessarytohelpkidsaffectedbywars.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四位发言人在斯科尔世界论坛上分享的他们为何能够面对一切困境仍保持乐观态度的原因。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据AvaDuvernay部分中“LonnieHolleyisawonderfulartistwhouseswastematerialtocreateartworks.(朗尼·霍利是一位了不起的艺术家，他用废料创作艺术品)”可知，朗尼·霍利是一位艺术家。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据MahaliHlasa部分中“Ilovemyfamily.(我爱我的家人)”和“WiththesepeoplewhoIlove,IknowthatIamsafe.(和我爱的人在一起，我知道我是安全的)”可知，马哈利·哈拉萨在斯科尔世界论坛的演讲中强调了家庭生活和亲密关系。故选D项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据EdgardGouveiaJr.部分中“Theyplay.It’sonlylaterthattheylearnaboutdifferencesandstarttobehavedifferently.ButwhenIseehowtheyinteractaschildren,it’sallaboutplayfulness.Evenduringwartimesorinverypoorneighborhoods,Iseekidsfindingwaystocreatejoyamongthemselves.(他们玩耍。直到后来，他们发现到差异，才开始表现得不同。但当我看到他们小时候是如何互动时，发现都与玩耍有关。即使在战争时期或在非常贫困的社区，我也看到孩子们找到了在他们之间创造快乐的方法)”可知，小埃德加·古维亚认为玩耍是保持快乐的方法，由此推知，他可能的意思是在成年人的生活中，保持童心，尽情玩耍仍然很重要。故选C项。BMomentsago,asealwasrestingonapieceoffloatingicedeepinanAntarcticchannel.Thenthreehungrykillerwhalesappeared.Whenthesealnoticedthem,itwasalreadysurrounded.Onthissheetofseaice,thenearlythousand-poundsealwouldbeunreachableformostofhisenemiesinnature.Butthesekillerwhaleshadmasteredahuntingtechniquecalledwavewashing:workingtogethertoturnwaterintoaweapon.Havingidentifiedtheirtarget,thekillerwhalesformedabattlelineandstartedrushingtowardtheice.Justbeforereachingit,theyrolledtotheirsidesinasingle,synchronized(同步的)motion.Thewavetheycreatedwassopowerfulthatitfloodedtheicesheetandwashedthefrightenedsealclosetotheedgeoftheicesheet.Slowlyandmethodically,theyrepeatedtheattack.Atthethirdtime,thewavesentthehelplesssealflyingintothesea.Itstruggledtoclimbontoapieceofice,butthendisappearedfromview...“Thelevelofintelligencethatwentintomakingeachwavewasstaggering.Theysolvedtheproblemwithverycomplexteamwork.Theyusedwaterasatool,”saidwildlifefilmmakerBertieGregory,whohadspentadecadetrackingthosekillerwhales,knownasBls.“Irarelysawfailedhunts.Thisbehaviorwasnotwhattheywerebornwith.Itwaslearnedandmasteredoverdecades.Everytimetheymadewaves,italmostfeltlikemoreofateachingexperiencethanhunting.Itwasterrifyingtowatch.”ButasAntarcticawarmsandseaicedisappears,sealsareincreasinglystayingonland,outofkillerwhales’reach.“I’vefoundBlsarelosingabout5percentoftheirpopulationeveryyear.Whetherthissubgroupwillgoextinctorjustadapttheirbehavior,Idon’tknow,”saidGregory.“Butwithfeweropportunitiesforthekillerwhalestowavewash,I’mseeinganextinctionofaculture.”4.Howdidthekillerwhalesgetthesealontheicesheet?A.Bymakinghugewaves. B.Byjumpingontotheicesheet.C.Bydestroyingtheicesheet. D.Bywaitingunderwaterpatiently.5.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“staggering”underlinedinparagraph4?A.Puzzling. B.Shocking. C.Satisfying. D.Annoying.6.WhatisBertieGregorymostworriedabout?A.Thesealsandkillerwhales. B.Therisingsealevel.C.Thelossofahuntingskill. D.Thedisappearedicesheet.7.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewavewashingbehavior?A.Itisanaturalbehaviorwithwhales. B.Usually,thesmartestwhalescanlearnit.C.Itcanbecarriedoutbyonewhalealone. D.Perhaps,itisonlymasteredbycertaingroups.【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要记录了一群虎鲸通过制造巨浪捕杀浮冰上的海豹的过程。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Atthethirdtime,thewavesentthehelplesssealflyingintothesea.Itstruggledtoclimbontoapieceofice,butthendisappearedfromview...(第三次，海浪把无助的海豹冲进了海里。它挣扎着爬上一块冰，但随后就从视野中消失了。)”可知，虎鲸是通过制造巨浪得到冰原上的海豹。故选A。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Itstruggledtoclimbontoapieceofice,butthendisappearedfromview...(它挣扎着爬上一块冰，但随后就从视野中消失了。)”及画线词后“Theysolvedtheproblemwithverycomplexteamwork.Theyusedwaterasatool,”saidwildlifefilmmakerBertieGregory,whohadspentadecadetrackingthosekillerwhales,knownasBls.“Irarelysawfailedhunts.Thisbehaviorwasnotwhattheywerebornwith.Itwaslearnedandmasteredoverdecades.Everytimetheymadewaves,italmostfeltlikemoreofateachingexperiencethanhunting.Itwasterrifyingtowatch.”(他们通过非常复杂的团队合作解决了这个问题。他们把水当作工具，”野生动物制片人伯蒂·格雷戈里说，他花了十年时间追踪这些虎鲸，被称为Bls。“我很少看到狩猎失败。这种行为不是他们生来就有的。它是经过几十年学习和掌握的。每次他们掀起波澜，感觉更像是一次教学经历，而不是打猎。看着真吓人。”)”可推断，BertieGregory对这群虎鲸的智商及捕杀技术水平之高感到震惊，甚至有些恐惧。A.Puzzling令人困惑的；B.Shocking令人震惊的；C.Satisfying令人满意的；D.Annoying令人烦恼的。故可用shocking来替换画线词。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中““Butwithfeweropportunitiesforthekillerwhalestowavewash,I’mseeinganextinctionofaculture.”(“但随着虎鲸海浪的机会越来越少，我看到的是一种文化的灭绝。”)”可知，BertieGregory最担心的是这群虎鲸的灭绝会导致这项“祖传秘籍”失传。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Thisbehaviorwasnotwhattheywerebornwith.Itwaslearnedandmasteredoverdecades.Everytimetheymadewaves,italmostfeltlikemoreofateachingexperiencethanhunting.(这种行为不是他们生来就有的。它是经过几十年学习和掌握的。每次他们掀起波澜，感觉更像是一次教学经历，而不是打猎。)”及最后一段““I’vefoundBlsarelosingabout5percentoftheirpopulationeveryyear.Whetherthissubgroupwillgoextinctorjustadapttheirbehavior,Idon’tknow,”saidGregory.“Butwithfeweropportunitiesforthekillerwhalestowavewash,I’mseeinganextinctionofaculture.”(“我发现Bls每年损失大约5%的数量。我不知道这个亚群是否会灭绝，或者只是适应他们的行为。”“但随着虎鲸海浪的机会越来越少，我看到的是一种文化的灭绝。”)”可推断，这种捕猎行为可能只在特定的虎鲸家族中流传。故选D。CInChina,teahasbecomeanimportantpartofeverydaylifeforthousandsofyears.Asthetea-processingmethodsandteaculturehaveevolvedovertheyears,teasetshavealsochangedtomeetthepracticalandculturalneeds.DuringtheTangDynasty(618~907AD),tealeavesweretradedacrossthecountryandAsia.Fortheconvenienceoftransportationandstorage,tealeaveswerepressedintobricks.Topreparetea,drinkershadtocutthemintosmallpiecesandboiltheminheat-resistantteapots.BytheSongDynasty(960-1279),drinkersstartedtoturnthehardbricksintopowders(粉末)thatcouldbewhipped(搅打)inacupwithboiledwater.ThiswhippedteaismostcommonlyassociatedwithJapaneseteaceremoniestoday.Bythe1500s,teabricksgavewaytotheformofrolledleaves.Thisinnovationledtotheinventionanduseofteapotsasweknowthemtoday.TheseteapotsoriginallycamefromtheYiXingregionofChinaandweresooncopiedthroughouttheworld.ThenJapaneseteapot-makersmovedthehandlefromthesidetothetopoftheteapots.TeafinallyreachedEuropeinthe1600s,alongwiththenecessaryteasetsmadeinJapanandChina.AsEnglishteapot-makersbegantoadapttheteasetstotheircountrymen’stastes,theyeventuallyaddedahandletotheteabowlbecauseoftheEnglishhabitofdrinkinghotblacktea,whichwasconsumedathighertemperatures.Thesizeofteacupsalsogrewtoaccommodatemilkandsugarintheirtea.Bytheearly1900s,innovationsinteadrinkingbecameanAmericanaffair.Themostrevolutionaryonewastheteabag,whichwasaccidentallycommercializedbyThomasSullivan.Hehadbeensendingcustomersteawrappedinsilkbags.Ratherthantaketheleavesoutofthebags,asSullivanintended,thecustomersputthebagsintotheirteapotsinstead.Notonlydidtheteabagspushtheteapotbacktothesidelinesofteaservice,theywerealsotoolargeforteacupsandledtothemodernpracticeofdrinkingteafrommugs.8.WhichwasusedtomakethewhippedteainJapan?A.Rolledtealeaves. B.Freshlypickedtealeaves.C.Powderedtealeaves. D.Looselypressedtealeaves.9.WhichinnovationwasfirstintroducedbytheBritish?A.Teabagsandmugs. B.Teabowlswithhandles.C.Heat-resistantteapots. D.Teapotswithtophandles.10.WhatcanwelearnfromThomasSullivan’sstory?A.Customersareverycreative. B.Innovationsarerelativelyeasy.C.Marketingstrategyiscritical. D.Goodideascanbebornbyaccident.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheDevelopmentofTeaSets B.VarietiesofTeaLeavesC.VariousTea-makingMethods D.TheSpreadofTeaTrades【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了茶具的演进。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章三段“BytheSongDynasty(960-1279),drinkersstartedtoturnthehardbricksintopowders(粉末)thatcouldbewhipped(搅打)inacupwithboiledwater.ThiswhippedteaismostcommonlyassociatedwithJapaneseteaceremoniestoday.(到了宋朝(960-1279)，饮茶者开始把这种坚硬的砖块变成粉末，可以在一个杯子里用开水搅拌。这种搅打过的茶在今天的日本茶道中最常见。)”可知，日本点茶用的是茶的粉末。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“AsEnglishteapot-makersbegantoadapttheteasetstotheircountrymen’stastes,theyeventuallyaddedahandletotheteabowlbecauseoftheEnglishhabitofdrinkinghotblacktea,whichwasconsumedathighertemperatures.(随着英国的茶具制造商开始根据英国人的口味调整茶具，他们最终在茶碗上加了一个把手，因为英国人习惯喝热红茶，这种茶要在较高的温度下饮用。)”可知，带有把手的茶碗是英国人最先提出的创新。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Themostrevolutionaryonewastheteabag,whichwasaccidentallycommercializedbyThomasSullivan.(最具革命性的是茶包，它被托马斯·沙利文意外地商业化了。)”可推断，有的创意是偶然的。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Asthetea-processingmethodsandteaculturehaveevolvedovertheyears,teasetshavealsochangedtomeetthepracticalandculturalneeds.(随着多年来茶叶加工方法和茶文化的发展，茶具也发生了变化，以满足实用和文化的需要。)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要是讲茶具的衍变，A项“茶具的发展”适合作文章标题。故选A。DInrecentyears,itseemsthatweareslowlycomingtounderstandthatanimalslikeelephants,monkeysandpigshavenotjustbrains,butcomplicatedinnerandsociallivesthankstoscientificadvancesinourunderstandingofanimalminds.Yetthatawarenesshasn’tmadeitselffelttomuchgreaterdegreeinourclosestrelationshipwithanimals:atthedinnertable.WithPersonalitiesonthePlate,BarbaraKingasksustothinkhardaboutourmeateatingandhowwemightreduceit.Kingdoesnotcriticize.Instead,shetakesuschapterbychapteronacook’stourofanimalswehumanseat,frominsectstopigsanddogs,whileexploringthelatestscientificdiscoveriesabouttheirintelligenceandfeelingsthatwehumansoftenwronglyclaimuniquelyforourselves.Builtonamixoffirsthandexperienceandcloseengagementwiththeworkofscientists,farmersandchefs,PersonalitiesonthePlatehassuccessfullybuiltacaseforthemasbeingsthatdeservemorethanatripdownourstomachs.Withhumorandtalesofanimalsactingasindividualsexpressingtheiremotions,PersonalitiesonthePlatetakesusonanunforgettablejourneythroughtheworldofanimalsweeat.“Thisthoughtfulbookisnotaboutwhetherwe‘should’or‘shouldn’t’eatmeat.BarbaraKinglooksattherangeofvaluesandconsequencessurroundingfarmingandfeastingandatwhoweareconsideringeating,”saysCarlSafina,authorofBeyondWords:WhatAnimalsThinkandFeel.“Herbookgivesmearicherunderstanding.Hermethodandpassionareeffective.IendedthebookagreeingthatIcan—andshould—helpthesecreaturesandourenvironmentbychoosingtoeatfewerofthemornoneatall.”12.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinthefirstparagraph?A.Lotsofpeopleplantostopeatingmeat.B.Meatconsumptionshouldbeincreased.C.Scientistsshoulddomoretoprotectanimals.D.Ourdietishardlyinfluencedbyourknowledge.13.WhatcanweknowaboutPersonalitiesonthePlate?A.Itopenlyopposesmeateating. B.Itiswrittenbyscientistsandchefs.C.Itincludeshumorousandvividstories. D.Itdeniesanimals’intelligenceandfeelings.14.WhatdoesCarlSafinasayaboutKing’sbook?A.Itsmethodistoosubjective. B.Itsconclusionisconvincing.C.Thebookistightlyorganized. D.Theevidencesarecontradictory.15.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toreviewabook. B.Torecommendanauthor.C.Topromoteadiet. D.Toadvocateanimals’rights.【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了BarbaraKing的新作——PersonalitiesonthePlate。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Yetthatawarenesshasn’tmadeitselffelttomuchgreaterdegreeinourclosestrelationshipwithanimals:atthedinnertable.(然而，在我们与动物最亲密的关系中，即在餐桌上，这种意识并没有得到更大程度的感受)”可知，尽管我们对动物的认知有很大的进步，但这并没有影响我们吃肉的胃口。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Withhumorandtalesofanimalsactingasindividualsexpressingtheiremotions,PersonalitiesonthePlatetakesusonanunforgettablejourneythroughtheworldofanimalsweeat.(通过幽默和动物个体表达情感的故事，PersonalitiesonthePlate带我们踏上了一段难忘的旅程，穿越我们吃的动物的世界)”可知，PersonalitiesonthePlate一书包括幽默和生动的故事。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“IendedthebookagreeingthatIcan—andshould—helpthesecreaturesandourenvironmentbychoosingtoeatfewerofthemornoneatall.(读完这本书后，我同意我可以——也应该——通过选择少吃或不吃这些动物来帮助这些生物和我们的环境)”可推断，CarlSafina认为这本书的结论是令人信服的。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“Kingdoesnotcriticize.Instead,shetakesuschapterbychapteronacook’stourofanimalswehumanseat(King从不批评。相反，她一章一章地带我们去烹饪人类食用的动物)”、第三段中“Withhumorandtalesofanimalsactingasindividualsexpressingtheiremotions(通过幽默和动物个体表达情感的故事)”以及第四段中“Herbookgivesmearicherunderstanding.Hermethodandpassionareeffective.(她的书给了我更丰富的理解。她的方法和热情是有效的)”可知，作者主要在评价BarbaraKing的新作。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Smalltalksaretheshortconversationswehaveatparties,atfamilyeventsoratwork.Thesesmalltalkscanopendoorsthatleadtolarger,moremeaningfulconversations.____16____.Herearesometipsforthemtoimprovetheirsmall-talkingability.Havesomeconversationstartersready.Ifyouhaveseenareallygoodmovieorhavereadareallygoodbook,youcantalkaboutthat.Youcanalsotalkaboutsomethingthatbothofyouareinterestedin.____17____,itwillbeaverygoodconversationstarter.Oryousimplynoticeandcommentonwhat’sgoingonaroundyou.Ifyouareatapartyandasongcomesonthatyoulikeorthatremindsyouofsomething,youcantalkaboutthat.____18____.Nobodyknowseverything.So,ifsomeonebringsupsomethingaboutwhichyouknownothing,justtellthem!Thisletstheotherpersonbecometheteacher.Theyfeelgoodaboutsharingtheirknowledgeandyougettolearnsomething.It’sawin-winsituation.Askopen-endedquestions.____19____.Ifyouaskquestionsthatneedmoredetailstoanswer,theconversationwillgoonlonger.Forexample,ifyouareatasummerpoolparty,don’taskapersoniftheylikesummer.____20____.A.BecomeastudentB.BeaknowledgeablepersonC.IfyoucanreachanagreementbeneficialtobothofyouD.However,manypeoplearenotgoodatsuchrandomchatsE.Instead,askthemwhattheylikeordislikeaboutsummerF.Thesetypesofquestionsrequiremorethanasingle-wordanswerG.Forexample,ifyouhavethesamehobbyorexperiencewithsomeone【答案】16.D17.G18.A19.F20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了闲聊的重要性以及闲聊的一些建议。【16题详解】上文“Thesesmalltalkscanopendoorsthatleadtolarger,moremeaningfulconversations.(这些小谈话可以打开通往更大、更有意义的对话的大门。)”说明小谈话有很多好处，与选项D“然而，许多人不擅长这种随意聊天”构成转折关系，同时引出下文“Herearesometipsforthemtoimprovetheirsmall-talkingability.(这里有一些建议可以帮助他们提高闲聊的能力。)”，D项符合题意。故选D项。【17题详解】下文“itwillbeaverygoodconversationstarter.(它是一个很好的谈话开始。)”说明它是一个很好的谈话开始的前提是双方有共同的话题。选项G“例如，如果你和某人有相同的爱好或经历”引出下文，是下文内容的条件。故选G项。【18题详解】下文“Nobodyknowseverything.So,ifsomeonebringsupsomethingaboutwhichyouknownothing,justtellthem!Thisletstheotherpersonbecometheteacher.(没有人知道一切。所以，如果有人提出了一些你一无所知的事情，就告诉他们吧！这让对方成为老师。)”说明如果自己有不知道的事情，让对方成为老师，自己就变成一名学生。选项A“成为一名学生”引出下文，是对下文的概括，为本段的主题句。故选A项。【19题详解】上文“Askopen-endedquestions.(问开放式的问题。)”说明提出开放性的问题，这种问题的答案不止一个词，选项F“这些类型的问题需要的答案不止一个词”呼应上文开放性问题，是对上文的进一步解释。故选F项。【20题详解】上文“Askopen-endedquestions.(问开放式的问题。)”以及“Forexample,ifyouareatasummerpoolparty,don’taskapersoniftheylikesummer.(例如，如果你在一个夏季泳池派对上，不要问一个人是否喜欢夏天。)”说明在夏季泳池派对上，不要问别人是否喜欢夏天这样的问题，而是要问开放性的问题。选项E“而是问他们喜欢或不喜欢夏天的什么”呼应上文，是对上文的进一步补充。故选E项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Foryears,secretgiftshadbeenaholidayessentialinStephanieLevinson’sclassroomatSanFernandoElementarySchoolinLosAngelesCounty.Ateacherina___21___neighborhood,Levinsonknewthatheryoungstudentsleda___22___life—somewerehomelessandotherslivedingarages.Soeveryholidayseasonshe___23___tobringthekidssomesmallgifts—apackofcrayons,apencil,orsomething.Thensomethingunexpectedhappened,andthedistrict___24___onlinelearning.Itopenedtheeducators’eyestomanyother___25___theirstudentsfaced.Someattendedvirtualclassesfrommotel(汽车旅馆)roomswheretheirfamiliesweretemporarily___26___,andsometookclassesintheplaceswheretheirparentsworked.Whenthetemperaturedropped,Levinsonbegantohearacommon___27___.“Theytoldmetheywerecold,”shesaid.Levinsonknewshehadtodosomething.Butwithherlimited___28___howcouldshepossiblykeepallherstudents___29___?SoshecreatedawishlistonAmazon:ablanketforeachofher24studentsto___30___thecold.Shemadeaheartfelt___31___totheresidentsoftherichneighborhood.Fiveminuteslatershegotatextfromaneighbor.“I’mlookingatyourwishlist,”the___32___read,“butthere’snothingthere.”Feelingpuzzled,Levinson___33___theAmazopage.Justlikethat,infiveminutes,herneighborshadfinishedthe___34___!Christmascomesonceayear,but___35___knowsnocalendar.Inthedaysthatfollowed,Levinsoncreatedmorewishlists,andtherewerealwaysgenerousdonors.21.A.separate B.disadvantaged C.big D.dangerous22.A.busy B.full C.hard D.quiet23.A.managed B.agreed C.expected D.needed24.A.thoughtof B.appliedfor C.putoff D.switchedto25.A.responsibilities B.threats C.difficulties D.changes26.A.sheltering B.buying C.running D.decorating27.A.practice B.interest C.goal D.complaint28.A.experience B.money C.time D.space29.A.safe B.active C.warm D.brave30.A.tolerate B.enjoy C.sense D.fight31.A.apology B.appeal C.welcome D.invitation32.A.message B.report C.notice D.letter33.A.reopened B.corrected C.recommended D.separated34.A.promise B.duty C.wish D.function35.A.waiting B.learning C.resting D.giving【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.C26.A27.D28.B29.C30.D31.B32.A33.A34.C35.D【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。文章通过叙述StephanieLevinson老师在洛杉矶县SanFernando小学的教学经历，展现了她如何通过秘密礼物为学生们带去温暖和关爱，以及在在线学习背景下所面临的新的挑战和解决办法。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：莱文森是一个贫困社区的老师，她知道自己的年轻学生过着艰苦的生活——有的无家可归，有的住在车库里。A.separate分开的；B.disadvantaged弱势的；C.big大的；D.dangerous危险的。根据后文“somewerehomelessandotherslivedingarages.”可知，社区里有的无家可归，有的住在车库里，所以是一个弱势的社区。故选B项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：莱文森是一个贫困社区的老师，她知道自己的年轻学生过着艰苦的生活——有的无家可归，有的住在车库里。A.busy忙碌的；B.full满的；C.hard艰难的；D.quiet安静的。根据后文“somewerehomelessandotherslivedingarages.”可知，社区里有的无家可归，有的住在车库里，所以是过着艰苦的生活。故选C项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以每个节日她都会设法给孩子们带来一些小礼物——一包蜡笔、一支铅笔或其他东西。A.managed设法做到；B.agreed同意；C.expected预期；D.needed需要。根据前文“Foryears,secretgiftshadbeenaholidayessentialinStephanieLevinson’sclassroom”可知，秘密礼物一直是节日必不可少的，所以是她设法给孩子们带来一些小礼物。故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：后来发生了意想不到的事情，于是这个学区改用了在线学习。A.thoughtof思考；B.appliedfor申请；C.putoff推迟；D.switchedto切换到。根据前文“Thensomethingunexpectedhappened”以及后文“onlinelearning”可知，应是“发生了意想不到的事情，于是这个学区改用了在线学习”符合语境。故选D项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它使教育工作者看到了他们的学生面临的许多其他困难。A.responsibilities责任；B.threats威胁；C.difficulties困难；D.changes改变。根据后文“Someattendedvirtualclassesfrommotel(汽车旅馆)roomswheretheirfamiliesweretemporarily6,andsometookclassesintheplaceswheretheirparentsworked.”可知，有些人在汽车旅馆上课，有些在父母工作的地方上课，所以是学生面临的困难。故选C项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人在他们的家人暂时避难的汽车旅馆房间里上虚拟课程，有些人在父母工作的地方上课。A.sheltering躲避；B.buying买；C.running跑；D.decorating装饰。根据前文“Someattendedvirtualclassesfrommotel(汽车旅馆)rooms”结合选项可知，汽车旅馆应是暂时避难的地方。故选A项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当气温下降时，莱文森开始听到一种共同的抱怨。A.practice实践；B.interest兴趣；C.goal目标；D.complaint抱怨。根据前文“Whenthetemperaturedropped”以及后文““Theytoldmetheywerecold,”shesaid.”可知，气温下降说冷，是一种共同的抱怨。故选D项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但她的钱有限，怎么可能让所有的学生都感到温暖呢?A.experience经验；B.money钱；C.time时间；D.space空间。根据后文“SoshecreatedawishlistonAmazon:ablanketforeachofher24studentsto10thecold.”可知，莱文森列了一个愿望清单，而不是直接给她的学生买毯子，推知是因为她的钱不够。故选B项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但她的钱有限，怎么可能让所有的学生都感到温暖呢?A.safe安全的；B.active积极的；C.warm温暖的；D.brave勇敢的。根据前文““Theytoldmetheywerecold,”shesaid.”可知，她的学生告诉她，他们很冷，所以是让所有的学生都感到温暖。故选C项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以她在亚马逊上列了一个愿望清单：给她的24名学生每人一条毯子来御寒。A.tolerate容忍；B.enjoy享受；C.sense感觉到；D.fight战斗。根据前文“SoshecreatedawishlistonAmazon:ablanketforeachofher24students”可知，毯子应是用来御寒的，也就是和寒冷战斗。故选D项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她向富人社区的居民发出了衷心的呼吁。A.apology道歉；B.appeal呼吁；C.welcome欢迎；D.invitation邀请。根据前文“Shemadeaheartfelt”接选项和前文内容，她想给她的24名学生每人一条毯子来御寒，所以应是发出衷心的呼吁。故选B项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我正在看你的愿望清单，”消息上写道，“但上面什么也没有。”A.message消息；B.report报道；C.notice通知；D.letter信。根据前文“Fiveminuteslatershegotatextfromaneighbor.”可知，是邻居给她的消息。故选A项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：莱文森感到困惑，重新打开了亚马逊的页面。A.reopened重新打开；B.corrected纠正；C.recommended建议；D.separated分离。根据前文“Feelingpuzzled”以及后文“theAmazopage”可知，感到困惑，所以应是莱文森重新打开了亚马逊的页面去检查原因。故选A项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就这样，在五分钟内，她的邻居就完成了她的愿望!A.promise诺言；B.duty责任；C.wish愿望；D.function功能。根据前文“SoshecreatedawishlistonAmazon”可知，莱文森创立了愿望清单，此处是完成了她的愿望。故选C项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：圣诞节一年只有一次，但给予是没有日历的。A.waiting等待；B.learning学习；C.resting休息；D.giving给予。根据后文“Inthedaysthatfollowed,Levinsoncreatedmorewishlists,andtherewerealwaysgenerousdonors.”可知，莱文森总能收到捐赠，从而改善她学生的生活，这是一种给予。故选D项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Anewon-campuspizzadeliveryservicecalledCougarCrustopenedtostudentsatBrighamYoungUniversity.Thenamecamefrompolling(征询)studentgroups,___36___(run)surveysthroughthediningsocialmediaplatformsandaninternal___37___(discuss).EverythingatCougarCrustishouse-madeandcanbedelivered___38___thestudents.Thestudentscanchoosebetweenfivepizzasonline:fourcheese,pepperoni,vegetarian,Italyandall-meat.Theoptionisgoodforthestudents___39___needsomethingquickandeasy.“CougarCrustwillcontinuetoexpandinon-campusdeliverylocations___40___inmenuoptions.Bread-sticks,Haw