2023北京二中高一下学期期末英语试题及答案

2023北京二中高一（下）期末英语第一部分：知识运用(30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的、B、、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Myisabouttohaveaspinal(脊柱的)operation.operationis___1___butdoescarryariskofparalysis().FriendsandfamilyhavereactedtothisnewsbytalkinginsuchpessimistictermsthatMomhascometo___2___thiskindoftalkas“psychologicaltheft”.Itoccurswhenotherpeopleincreaseyouranxiety___3___providingcomfort.Lastweekranintowhoworksforthelocalschool.“Howareyou?”heasked.“Notgreat,”shereplied,“IhavebeenhavingsometroublewithbackandI’mgoingtoneedanoperation.”“Oh,thebackisthemost___4___placetooperateon!Myhadthatandwasinterriblepain.”Heresponded.___5___hadbeenkind.He’dgivenownstoryshow___6___Momonlyhearddangerandpain.Peoplecouldhavealternativethingsthatwouldbeequallytrue,butmorefamiliartopatients.“Thespecialistsinourhospitalsareamongthebestintheagoodone.goingtofeelmuchbetter___7___I’mnotsuggestingpatientsshouldbe___8___fromtherealityoftherisksthey’retaking.Butifthedecisiontohaveoperationreallybe___9___,thepurposeofstressingthe____10____?justcommonsenseto“Getwellsoon,andhowcanIhelp?”1.A.definitely2.A.chooseB.unusuallyB.labelC.relativelyC.employD.typicallyD.mistake3.A.needof4.A.secureB.favorofB.dangerousB.assumptionB.asC.insteadofC.commonC.emotionC.whenD.regardlessofD.apparentD.descriptionD.yet5.A.intention6.A.because7.A.occasionally8.A.released9.A.accepted10.A.drawbacksB.permanentlyB.deletedC.initiallyC.separatedC.avoidedC.dimensionsD.ultimatelyD.shelteredD.reachedB.madeB.strengthsD.procedures第二节语法填空(共小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WhenyoureadthewritingsofConfucius,youwillseea(constant)recurringword,aChinesecharacterthatrepresentstheheartofConfucianthought:thecharacterren.Whatisren?Ifyoulookcloselyatthe___12___(write)youcanunderstandwhatitmeans.Theleft-handelementofthecharacterrepresentsaperson,ahumanbeing;theelementonrightstandsforthenumbertwo.twoelements,whenjoined,indicate___13___(relationship)betweenindividuals,orwithallofB阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AnimportantsymbolofChinaistheChinesecharacters—hanzi.Whilethisuniquewritingsystemhasanancientorigin,itwasstandardisedandunifiedbyEmperorQinshihuang.Sincethen,it___14___(be)oneofthegreatthings___15___(bind)theChinesepeopleandasymbolofChinesenationalpride.AnotherpopularsymbolofChinaaroundtheworldisGreatwasoriginallybuiltbyEmperorQinshihuang,and___16___(expand)afterwards.ThepartoftheGreatmostpeoplearefamiliarwithwasbuiltbytheMingDynastythe14ththough.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Chinahasmadesignificantprogressinspaceexploration___17___thepastfewyears.Thespaceprogramhasachievedseveralmilestones,includingmultiplemissionslaunchedtheChang’eLunarExplorationProgramChinahasalsolauncheditsownspacestation,thewhichisexpected___18___(complete)by2022andwillbeusedtoconductlong-termexperimentsinmicrogravityandhostinternationalcollaborations.Chineserocketmanufacturershavedevelopednewheavy-liftrockets,___19___(enable)more___20___(ambition)missions.Overall,achievementsdemonstrateastrongcommitmenttoadvancingitsspaceprogramandmakingsignificantcontributionstotheglobalspace第二部分：阅读理解共两节，分)第一节(共小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、B、、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATheNationalCouncilfortheArtsisaleadingnon-profitorganizationdedicatedtothepresentationanddocumentationoffolkandtraditionalartsintheUnitedStates.Thepresentstheveryfinestartistsinfestivals,tours,internationalculturalexchanges,workshops,demonstrationsandexhibitions,mediaproductions,schoolprograms,andotheractivities.ItworksinpartnershipwithcommunitiesacrossAmericatoestablishsustainabletraditionalartseventsthatdeliverlastingsocialandculturalbenefits.TheseeksFestivalSupportforthe2020festivalseasonprovideandon-sitesupportthreelarge-scalefestivals.Positionsavailableinclude:●ProgrammingAdministrationAssistantThisistheperfectpositionsomeonewithaninterestinartsmanagement,culturalandrelatedfields.Responsibilitiesincludeprogrammingresearch,marketingandpromotion,andeventorganization.Thepositionmayalsoberesponsibleforpressandphotodocumentmanagement,socialmediaupdates,andcustomerservice.Qualifiedapplicantswillbedetail-orientedandwithexcellentpeopleskillsandageneralinterestinthetraditionalarts.Computerliteracyisessential.ThecontractrunsfromMay1toDecember15．●FestivalAssistantThisistheperfectpositionsomeonewithaninterestinarts,culture,andeventlogistics(后勤)whoenjoysoperatinginafast-paced,collegialsmall-officeenvironment.Thepositionprovidesfestivalsupport.Responsibilitiesincludedocumentcreation,travelpurchase,logisticssupport,dataanddatabasemaintenance.Qualifiedapplicantswillbeoutgoingandopen-minded,withoralandwrittencommunicationskillsandcomputerPriorexperiencewithfestivalplanningispreferred.contractrunsfromMay18October30.●ProductionAssociateTheproductionassociateisakeymemberoftheproductionteamwhowillworkcloselywiththeproductionmanagerfestivalaudio,backline,lightingneeds,fromplanningthroughimplementation(实施).Therolewillcontributetothefollowingkeytasks:advancingtechnicalneedswithartists,makingtechbooks,accuraterecord-keeping,workingwiththeandfestivaltoinsuresmoothon-siteoperations.Qualifiedapplicantswillberesponsibleandadaptable,withexcellentpeopleskills.Priorexperienceinconcertproductionispreferred.ThecontractrunsfromJune15toOctober30．AllPositions:ExperiencewithdatabaseMicrosoftandAdobeAcrobatisrequired.Musthaveacleandrivingrecord,orreliabletransportation.Someevenings,weekends,andtravelarerequired.Moredetailsandhowtoapplyat:http//ncta-A.21.Accordingtothepassage,the____.A.focusesonculturalandartseducationB.keepsarecordofAmericantraditionalartsC.enjoyseconomicbenefitsfromcommunitiesD.aimshelptheartistsinart-relatedactivities22.Theprogrammingadministrationassistantwillprobably____.A.plananddesignprogramsB.createsocialnetworkingwebsitesC.dealwithcomplaintsfromcustomers23.Whatistherequirementforallthethreepositions?A.Drivingskills.D.photographnewspapersanddocumentsB.experience.C.Communicationskills.D.Knowledgeontraditionalarts.BAblogpostedDec7,201812:17PMbyAlannaMallonAlannaMallonisaCambridgeCityEachyearIreceiveaflurryofemailsandtextsfromfriendswantvolunteerwiththeirfamiliesonThanksgivingasawaytogiveback.IalsofieldphonecallsfromorganizationswhowanttodonatelocalprogramsthatprovideThanksgivingmeals.asanstillworksinthenonprofitIalsofeeldeeplyanxiousbecauseIknowtheotherweeksofthethesecriticalprogramsthatprovidefoodaccessresidentsinneedarestarvingbothvolunteersanddonations.Hungerisayearroundproblem,andeachweekvolunteersarethenecessarypartensurethatprogramsareabletoservetheAtFoodForFree,werelyonabout100volunteersperweek,andeachofthosevolunteersisextremelyimportantprovidingfresh,healthyfoodtopeopletheGreaterBostonareawhoneedit.SchoolchildrentakebackpacksoffoodhomeonFridays,communitycollegestudentswhorelyonourFamilyMealsprogramtothriveclass,elderlyanddisabledresidentswhoreceivetwicemonthlydeliveriesoffoodtheirdoorsthroughourHomeDeliveryprogram,—theyallrelyonusensuringenoughvolunteersshowuptodothework.Thesevolunteersshowupinyoursocialmediafeeds,theywinawardsandnoonewritesabouttheminthelocalnewspapers.Buttheyareheroes.Andyoucantoo.Ifeveryonemadeapromisetovolunteeronceamonth,orevenonceaIknowthatwecouldreducesomeoftheanxietytheseorganizationsfeel,asamorereliablevolunteernetworkallowsthemfocusonhelpingpeople,notfillingvolunteerslots.HereisalistafeworganizationswhodoingcriticalworkinCambridgetoaddressfoodyourtimeorganization,theywillbedeeplygrateful—andIamgoingtobetthatyouwillfeelprettygoodaboutyourselftoo.FoodFor/volunteer.CEOC:/food-pantry.HomelessShelter:/volunteer.CommunityCooks:/join-us.FullerNeighborhoodHouse:24.Whatcanbelearntfromthefirstparagraphs？A.ThefoodsafetyworriestheB.areneededallyearround.C.DonationscanbemadethroughtheInternet.D.PeoplelikegettingtogetheronThanksgiving.25.Paragraph3ismainlyabout________.A.theneedforfreshfoodC.thevalueofvoluntarywork26.Thepassageisto________.A.callforactionB.thedutyofFoodFreeD.thelifeoflocalpeopleB.expressthanksC.advertiseprogramsD.introducewebsitesCAteamofengineersatHarvardUniversityhasbeeninspiredbyNaturetocreatethefirstroboticThemechanicalhasbecomeaplatformforaseriesofnewhigh-techintegratedsystems.DesignedtodowhatadoesthetinymachineisthesizeofafatItsminiwingsallowitstaytheairandperformcontrolledflighttasks.extremelyimportantforusthinkaboutthisasawholesystemandnotjustsumofabunchofindividualcomponents(元件),”saidRoberttheHarvardengineeringprofessorwhohasbeenworkingontheroboticflyprojectforoveradecade.Afewyearsago,histeamgotthego-aheadstartpiecingtogetherthecomponents.“Theaddedwithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthosecomponentsaretheshelfandsowehavedevelopthemallonourown,”hesaid.Theyengineeredaseriesofsystemstostartanddriverobotic“Theseeminglysimplesystemwhichjustmovesthewingshasanumberofinterdependenciesontheindividualcomponents,eachofwhichindividuallyhastoperformwell,butthentobematchedwelleverythingconnectedto,”saidflightdevicebuiltintoasetofcomputation,sensingandcontrolsystems.saysthesuccessoftheprojectprovesthattheflyingrobotwiththesetinycomponentscanbebuiltandmanufactured.Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource,thegoaliseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt-inpowersource,sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield.“Basicallyitshouldbeabletotakelandandflyaround,”hesaid.saysthedesignanewstudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinsect-scale.sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.canstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions,youtobiologyinwaysthatwouldbewiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead,”hesaid.“Sotherearealotoftechnologiesandopeninterestingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonadaydaybasis.”27.Thetheteamofengineersmetwithwhilemakingtheroboticflywasthat__________.A.theyhadmodelintheirmindB.theydidnothavesufficienttimeC.theyhadnoready-madecomponentsD.theycouldnotassemblethecomponents28.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs34thattheroboticfly__________.A.consistsofaflightdeviceandacontrolsystemB.canjustflyinlimitedareasatthepresenttimeC.cancollectinformationmanysourcesD.hasbeenputintowideapplication29.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Theroboticflyerisdesignedtolearnaboutinsects.B.Animalsnotallowedinbiologicalexperiments.C.ThereusedtobefewwaystostudyhowinsectsD.designcanreplaceanimalsinexperiments.30.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.FatherofRoboticFlyB.InspirationfromEngineeringScienceC.RoboticImitatesRealLifeInsectD.HarvardBreaksThroughinInsectStudyDTheaggressivespreadofmarketeconomicsandcommunicationtechnologies—oftenunderthecontrolofmultinationalcompanies—bringsnewchallengestolocalculturesandvaluesinsocieties.Sometimesitseemsasifatidalwaveoftheworstcultureiscreepingacrosstheglobelikeagiantstrawberrymilkshakespilloatandovertheplanet,withaflavorthatisdistinctlysweet,sicklyandapparentlyhomogeneous(同质的).Forsome,especiallytheyoung,changemaymeanescapefromoppressivetraditions.Itmayalsobringnewopportunitiesforculturestobecombinedincreativeways.thereisgenuinecauseforconcernaboutrateatwhichculturesarebeingwornawaysuchaglobalizedworld.Perhapsbythemostimportantfar-reachingofculturalglobalizationisthecommercializationofculture,whichhasadisturbingimpactonlocalexistingvalues.Theyareincreasinglybombardedwithnewimages,newmusic,newclothesandnewvalues.Thefamiliarandoldaretobeabandoned.Whiletherewasculturalchangelongbeforeglobalization,thereisadangerthatmuchwillbelostsimplybecauseitisnotvaluedbyglobalmarkets.InAfricaforexample,traditionalvalueshavebeenovertakenCoca-ColaculturewhichthelocalpeopleyethavethevaluestodealwithAnothercommonaspectoftheglobalizedcultureisthatitpursues(追求)the“onesizefitsall”Americanideal.resultofthisculturalprocessofhomogenizationisthatasectionofthepopulationdreamsoflivinglikeCosby&Co.orlikethecharactersinanyotherstereotypeAmericansoapopera.Inaddition,thedreamoflivingabetterlifecausesthousandsofpeoplemovetoalreadyovercrowdedcitieswhosepopulationboomedmillionswithinthelastdecades.ThemajorityofthesenewimmigrantsendslumsleadingtopollutionandSuchgradualaggressionagainstexistingvaluesandcultureshasadestructiveimpactontheirsenseofwhotheyare,whattheywantandwhattheyrespect.Itattacksspiritualvaluesandfaithtraditions.Theaccumulative(累积的)insocietiesacrisisofculturalconfidence,combinedwiththeincreasedeconomicuncertaintyandcrimewhichglobalintegration(一体化)maybring.Thiscreatesrealproblemsforsocialstability»whetheritisatthelevelofnation,communityorInconclusion,culturalglobalization,orworldwideMcDonaldization,destroysdiversityanddisplacestheopportunitysustaindecentlifethroughamixtureofmanycultures.Itismoreaconsequenceofpowerconcentrationintheglobalmediamanufacturingcompaniesthanthewishabandontheirculturalidentityand31.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that______.A.societieswillinglyaccepteconomicglobalizationB.cultureunitestheworldeconomiesandtechnologiesC.theboomingofculturedestroyssocietiesD.despiteitsappeal,westernizationshowsanunpleasantuniformity32.Whichbestservesasexampleofthe“onesizefitsall”principleinnations?A.McDonaldreceivesmorecriticismabroadthanhome.B.ManyAfricansdreamofamiddleclassAmericanlifestyle.C.ChinesefoodwinsgreatapprovaltheUnitedKingdom.D.SomewesternyoungpeoplefancyavisittoAfricancountries,33.Whatistheattitudetowardsculturalglobalization?A.Cautious.B.Critical.D.Neutral.C.Positive.34.Thepassageismainlyabout_______.A.culturaldiversityinglobalizationB.challengestoculturesC.drawbacksofculturalglobalizationD.disappearanceofcultures第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Self-esteemistherulingviewyouhaveofyourself.Thisincludesyourbeliefsaboutyourinnerqualitiesandhowyouthinkothersseeyou.___35___Someonecandeveloplowself-esteemevenwhentheyarehighlyfunctionalandgreatlyskilled.Understandingthismysteriousemotionalcurrencymightbethekeytounlockingyourownself-worth.Peoplewithhealthyself-esteemdon'tneedboastaboutthemselvestoothers.Peoplewithlowself-esteemmaytellyouhowmucheveryonelovesthem,whatagreatjobtheyatwork,andhowamazingtheyareatprettyeverythingundertheeventhoughtheyreallywonderifit'strue.Peoplemayseethemasobnoxiousor“fullofthemselves”.___36___Theyarenotshyaboutsharingideas,includingconstructivecriticismsofothers.Theyalsotakecareofthemselveswithoutsecond-guessingorapologizing.Theyarethepeoplewhowesayseem“sureofthemselves”.Ifyou'restartingtothinkyoumayhaveself-esteem,youcanworkonthewayyoutalkyourself.Whenyouturnnegativeself-talk,youcanopenthefloortopositivereinforcementsandaccessthecourageshowdifferentsidesofyourself.Itisn'tgoingfeelgoodatfirst,though.Keepgoinguntilitbecomeslessandlessandmaybeevenafewawkwardlaughsinthemirrormayhelp.___37___inseriouscasesofloworevennon-existentself-esteem,youmaywanttocallinaprofessionaloraspecialist.Goodmentalhealthisimportant,andprofessionalsdoingpsychotherapydonotpassjudgementorgivecorrections.___38___Itisthebestwaytogetattherootsofyourrealself-esteemproblems.___39___Itwilltakesomeworkbutyourentirelife—fromyourrelationshipstoyourbodyimagetoyourworkhabits—willbetouchedwiththekindofpowerthatonlycomesfromsomeonebelievinginthemselves.Thisisthehardestpart,andthegreatestleap.somechangesandsupport,youcanimproveyourself-esteemandseehoweverythingelsechangesasaresult.A.Self-esteemisnotalwaysrootedthough.B.havethepowershapeanewself-perception.C.ThisencouragesyouspeakopenlywithoutD.Therealtestofcharacteriswhethertheycanlearnfromtheirmistakes.E.Self-esteemreferstoaperson'soverallsenseofhisorhervalueorworth.Peoplewithahealthylevelofself-esteempresentthemselveswithacasualconfidence.G.somepracticeandpersistence,youwillwinthisinternalstruggletoseeyourself-worth.第三部分(32分)第一节(共3小题;40、41题每题2分,42题5分,共9分)阅读下面短文并按要求完成阅读任务。DiscoveredAmateursSomeastronomersspendtheirentirecareerslookingfornewdiscoveriesspace,buta10-year-oldCanadiangirlfoundoneonherfirstInKathrynwhooftenstudiedstars,waslookingatrecentpicturesofouterspaceandcomparingthemtopicturestakenyearspictureswerejustthousandsoftinyspotsoflight,butspottedathatlookeddifferentintherecentpictures.Couldpossiblybeasupernova(超新星)?Usuallyasupernovaisanditbecomesvisiblethroughatelescopeduetothebrightness.Laterdiscoverywasconfirmed,andshebecametheyoungestpersontodiscoverasupernova.Throughoutimportantdiscoveriesinastronomyhavebeenmadebyamateurs.earlyexampleisHerschel,whodiscoveredUranus1781.Uranushadbeenobservedbefore,butexpertastronomersthoughtitbelongtooursolarsystem.WhenHerschelitwithatelescopehehaddesignedandbuilthimself,herealizedthatwasorbitingthesun.ThismeantthatUranuswasaplanet.theofournightskywaschangedThen1930,amajordiscoverywasmadebya24-year-oldman,ason,withnocollegeeducationorformaltraininginClydehadbuiltahomemadetelescopeusinginstructionsfromanarticleamagazine.HeuseddrawdetailedpicturesofthesurfacesofMarsandHesentthepicturesSlipherattheLowellwhowassoimpressedandhimajobonhisteam.adiscoveredaninthplanet,Pluto.Itwasregardedasaplanetfor76years,butscientistsdecidedin2006thatPlutomeetallofthecriteriaforatrueplanet.Itwasthenconsideredtobeadwarfplanet.JohnDobsonanotherinfluentialamateurastronomerbecauseheenabledmanyotherstakeupastronomyasaIn1956,afterconstantattempts,hebuiltapowerfultelescopeoutoflow-costmaterials,suchaspapertubesusedconstruction.toolsliketelescope,moreamateurstodayhavethetechnologythatisneededtomakediscoveriesoftheirown.40.HowdidKathrynGraydiscoverthesupernova?___________________________________________________________________________41.WhydidClydegetajobattheLowellObservatory?___________________________________________________________________________42.Whichoftheamateurastronomersmentionedthepassagehasimpressedyoumost?Why?(about40words)___________________________________________________________________________第二节(共4小题;每小题4分，满分4分)根据句意、中文提示和单词首字母，写出单词的正确形式，并将完整的单词答案书写在答题纸的相应位置上。43.Inthelasttwod_______(十年),theadvancedtechnologyhasmadepeoplelive(根据中英文提示填空)44.usuallyacommonpracticethatj_____(刊物)websitesreaderstheirfreeonlineeditionsofarticlesandotherinformation.(根据中英文提示填空)45.Thechairmanisquitefamiliarwiththep________(步骤)forconductingameeting.(根据中英文提示填空)46.theflightwasp_______(延迟)onaccountofthebad(根据中英文提示填空)第三节(共4小题;每小题1分，满分4分)请用方框中词组的正确形式完成句子，并将答案书写在答题纸的相应位置上，每个词组只使用一次。(方框中有一个选项为多余选项)bringaboutfigureoutjudgefrom(be)keenonrunout47.Inthefuture,carefortheenvironmentwillbecomeveryimportantasnaturalresources_________.48._______heraccent,shemustbefromScotland.49.Thepresentsituationisquitecomplicated,soIthinkitwilltakemesometimeto_________its50.Ifyoulikemay_________collectingstampsdescribingthestars,planets,spacecrafts,spacemen,etc.第四节书面表达(满分15分)51.假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。2023年5月30日神舟十六号（Shenzhou16mannedspaceship）发射成功，并将于月返航，你校电视台英文频道向学生征集以“中国航天”为主题的原创短视频。你打算邀请留学生Jim一起完成作品。请你给他写邮件，内容包括：1．征集要求；2．作品初步想法；3．询问意向。注意：11002．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。提示词：神舟十六号：Shenzhou16mannedspaceship航天：aerospaceDearJim,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________LiHua参考答案第一部分：知识运用(30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)【答案】1.C2.B3.C4.B5.A6.D7.D8.D9.C10.A【解析】【导语】文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述母亲手术的经历来告诉我们，向病人描述疾病的风险没有意义，应该换一种更有益的，能抚慰病人的说法。【1题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：手术相对较小，但确实有瘫痪的风险。A.definitely确定地；B.unusually特别地；C.relatively相对地；D.typically典型地。根据下文“butdoescarryariskofparalysis”可知，前后句为转折关系，脊柱手术小是相对而言（relativelyC项。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：朋友和家人对这个消息的反应是用如此悲观的措辞说话以至于妈妈把这种谈话称为“心理盗窃”。A.choose选择；B.label贴标签，把……称为；C.employ雇用；D.mistake误解。此处考查动词短语label…as…,意为“将……称作……，把……说成是……”。作者妈妈把这种给别人悲观感觉，让别人更不舒服的谈话贴了标签，称为“心理盗窃”。故选B项。【3题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：当别人增加你的焦虑而不是提供安慰时，就会发生这种情况。A.inneedof需要；B.favorof支持；insteadof而不是；D.regardlessof不顾。根据上文“Theoperationis___1___butdoescarryariskofparalysis.FriendsandfamilyhavereactedthisnewsbytalkinginsuchpessimistictermsthatMomhascometo___2___thiskindoftalkas‘psychologicaltheft’.”可知，手术有瘫痪的风险，作者妈妈本来就为此而焦虑，朋友家人对这个消息表现为言论消极，令当事人更焦虑，而不是安慰当事人。故选C项。【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：背部是最危险的手术部位。A.secure安全的；B.dangerous危险的；C.common共同的；D.apparent显而易见的。根据上文“Theoperationis___1___butdoescarryariskofparalysis.”以及下文“Mymomhadthatandshewasinterriblepain.”可知，此处表示在讲背部手术的危险（dangerous）和带来的痛苦。故选B项。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：杰夫的本意是好的。A.intention意图，目的；B.assumption假定；C.emotion情绪；D.description描述。根据下文“He’dgivenhisownmother’sstorytoshow___6___Momonlyhearddangerandpain.”可知，为了表达同情才这么说，所以意图（intention）是善良的。故选A项。【6题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：为了表示同情，他讲述了自己母亲的故事，但母亲只听到了危险和痛苦。A.because因为；B.as当……时候；C.when当……时候；D.yet然而。根据空后“Momonlyhearddangerandpain”可知，的话让作者妈妈感到危险和痛苦，与同情的本意背道而驰了，上下文有转折关系，yet符合语境。故选D项。【7题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终你会感觉好很多。A.occasionally偶然；B.permanently永久地；C.initially最初；D.ultimately最终。根据上文“Peoplecouldhavealternativethingsthatwouldbeequallytrue,butmorefamiliartopatients.‘Thespecialistsinourhospitalsareamongthebesttheagoodone.”可知，要说真正能抚慰到病人的话，本句中，“goingto”可知，说的是将要发生的事情，用来安慰当事人的比较真实的话，最终你会感觉好很多，ultimately比permanently更适合语境。故选D项。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我并不是说病人应该躲避他们所承担的现实风险。A.released释放；B.deleted删除；C.separated分开；D.sheltered躲避。根据下文“Butifthedecisiontohaveoperationreallybe___9___,thepurposeofstressingthe___10___?”可知，病人不得不做手术的时候，不必强调可能的风险，故作者不认为病人应躲避做手术后的风险，不应有风险而害怕手术，此处考查动词短语beshelteredfrom，意为“使免遭……影响”，故选D项。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，如果真的无法避免做手术的决定，那么强调不利条件的目的是什么呢？A.accepted接受；B.made制造；C.avoided避免；D.reached抵达。根据“thepurposeofstressingthe___10___”可知，要强调手术风险，说明病人的状况必须动手术了，手术不可避免了（avoidedC项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，如果真的不能避免手术的决定，强调不利条件又有什么用呢？A.drawbacks不利条件；B.strengths优势；C.dimensions方面；D.procedures程序。根据上文“Geoff’s___5___hadbeenkind.He’dgivenhisstorytoshow___6___Momonlyhearddangerandpain.”以及“Peoplecouldhavealternativethingsthatwouldbeequallytrue,butmorefamiliartopatients.”可知，作者认为向病人描述疾病的风险没有意义，应该换一种更有益的，同样真实的，但为患者所更熟悉的说法，所以：如果手术不能避免，强调疾病的问题和风险这些不利条件没有意义，只会给当事人更加焦虑，drawbacks表示“不利条件”，符合语境。故选A项。第二节语法填空(共小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)【答案】constantly12.written13.relationships【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。当你阅读孔子的著作时，你会看到一个经常出现的词，一个代表儒家思想核心的汉字：人。文章介绍了“人”这个字的含义。【题详解】考查副词。句意：当你阅读孔子的著作时，你会看到一个经常出现的词，一个代表儒家思想核心的汉字：人。此处应用副词constantly作状语，修饰形容词recurring(反复出现的)，故填constantly。【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：如果你仔细观察这个文字，你就会明白它的意思。此处应用形容词written作定语，修饰名词character，表示“书面的”，故填written。【13题详解】考查名词的数。句意：这两个要素，如果结合在一起，就表明了个人之间或者与整个社会之间的关系。此处应用名词relationship作宾语，表示“关系”，为可数名词，由betweenindividuals可知，人与人的关系不止一种，应用复数形式，故填relationships。【答案】14.hasbeen15.binding16.expanded【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的标志——汉字和长城。【14题详解】考查时态。句意：从那时起，它就成为了将中国人民团结在一起的伟大事物之一，也是中国民族自豪感的象征。根据时间状语Sincethen，句子应用现在完成时，it为主语，助动词为hashasbeen。【15题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从那时起，它就成为了将中国人民团结在一起的伟大事物之一，也是中国民族自豪感的象征。句子的谓语动词为hasbeen，设空处为非谓语动词，bind与逻辑主语thegreatthings之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填binding。【16题详解】考查时态、语态和省略。句意：它最初是由秦始皇建造的，后来被扩建了。根据上下文，此处为一般过去时，expand与逻辑主语It为动宾关系，应用被动语态，and连接两个谓语动词，第一个谓语也是被动语态，故设空处只用动词过去分词，was省略。故填expanded。【答案】17.in##during18.tobecompleted19.enabling20.ambitious【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国在过去的几年里在太空探索方面取得的几个里程碑式的成就，及其意义。【17题详解】考查介词。句意：在过去的几年里，中国在太空探索方面取得了重大进展。根据句意和句子结构，此处考查介词短语thepastfewyears，或duringpastyears，意为“在过去的几年”，用于现在完成时态。设空处应用介词in或during。故填：in/during。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国还发射了自己的空间站“天宫”，预计将于2022年完工，用于进行微重力下的长期实验，并举办国际合作。此处考查动词短语搭配beexpectedtodo，设空处应用动词不定式，动词complete与逻辑主语itsownspacestation之间为动宾关系，应用不定式的被动语态，故填：tobecompleted。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国火箭制造商已经开发出新的重型火箭，使更雄心勃勃的任务成为可能。设空处为非谓语动词，是前面整个句子产生的结果，应用现在分词，作状语。故填：enabling。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：中国火箭制造商已经开发出新的重型火箭，使更艰巨的任务成为可能。根据空前的more，且修饰名词missions，设空处应用形容词原形ambitious，意为“艰巨的”。故填：ambitious。第二部分：阅读理解共两节，分)第一节(共小题;每小题2分，共28分)【答案】21.B22.C23.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇应用文，为国家传统艺术委员会的一则招聘广告，文章介绍了美国国家传统艺术委员会，及其三个招聘岗位及相关要求。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“TheNationalCounciltheArtsisaleadingnon-profitorganizationdedicatedtothepresentationanddocumentationoffolkandtraditionalartsintheUnitedStates.(国家传统艺术委员会是一个主要的，致力于展示和记录美国的民间和传统艺术的非营利组织)”可知，记录了美国传统艺术。故选B项。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据●ProgrammingAdministrationAssistant中的第二段第二句“Thepositionmayalsoberesponsibleforpressandphotodocumentmanagement,socialmediaupdates,andcustomerservice.(该职位还可能负责新闻和照片文件管理，社交媒体更新和客户服务。)”可知，程序设计行政助理要负责客户服务，故可能会处理客户的投诉。故选C项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据●ProgrammingAdministrationAssistant的第三段“Qualifiedapplicantswillbedetail-orientedandorganized,withexcellentpeopleskillsandageneralinterestthetraditionalar