高中英语【人教版2019】U1-2重点词汇复习（学生版）

高中英语【人教版2019】必修第三册U12重点词汇复习【问题查找】一、单词拼写。

1.Studentscanchoosefromawider______________(一系列)ofoptions.2.If______________(认为)thatyouwouldn’te.3.Trytoh______________(收获)thefruitbeforethefirstfrost.4.Theteacherwentroundtheclasstog______________(收集)thepapers.5.Thisisas______________(重大的)contributiontoknowledge.6.Thepictureist______________(典型)ofitskind.7.Chinaisabundantina______________(农业)produce.8.Theeventwaswidelycoveredbythemassm______________(媒体).9.Thereisnothingmorenaturalthanachild’sb______________(信念)inhisparents.10.Anyhelpordonationswillbeg______________(感激)received.11.The__________(大多数)ofstudentsinmyclassarefromthecountryside.12.Manystudents__________(抱怨)aboutthehighfeesoftheuniversity.13.She__________（照顾）herhusbandcarefullyduringhisillness.14.ThestudentunionwillholdaspecialmeetinginJanuarytoelectsomeoneto_________(取代）thesecretary.15.HowIwishyouunderstoodthe__________(困境)betweenmyfeelingforhimandthepromiseforyou!二、用所给的词适当进行填空。1.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_______(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.2.Anyhelpordonationswillbe_______(grateful)received.3.Hemade_______(occasion)visitstothecinema.4.Creatinganatmosphere_______employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.5.Thefactory_______(typical)produces500chairsaweek.6.There’snothinginschoolthatcanmakeyou___________(scare).Cheeryourselfup.7.Ihavemadean_____________(appoint)withaspecialist,andmymotherwilltakemetoseehim.8.I’dliketobeinformedoftheprocessofyourdealingwithmy_________(plain).9.The____________(major)ofthestudentsholdtheviewthatit’sconvenienttogotoschoolbyelectricbike.10.VinodKhoslasuggeststhatwegetridof80%ofdoctorsandreplacethem____________robots.三、根据汉语提示写出适当的短语。1.Herchildren’sagesr______________threetoeighteen(3岁到18岁之间).2.Thecolouroftheclothwill______________(逐渐褪色)littlebylittle.3._____________________(尽管)hisanger，hisremarkswererestrained.4.Healways_____________________(利用)thegoodweathertogoforawalk.5.Whatdothesetwobikes_____________________(相同)?6.Myteacher’shelpcarriedme__________thoseharddaysinseniorhighschool.7.Ihavespent___________improvingmymaths.（大量的时间）8.__________itscause__________itscurewasunderstood.（既不...也不...）9.Iraisedobjectionatthemeeting,butnowI__________(宁愿）nothavedonethat.【要点精讲】Unit1FestivalsandCelebrations1.rangen一系列；范围；界限；vi包括；（在一定范围内）变化【教材原句】Theyhaveawiderangeoforigins,suchastheseasonsoftheyear,religions,famousfigures,andimportantevents.它们有着广泛的起源，如一年中的季节、宗教、著名人物和重要事件。(1)awiderangeof一系列…；广泛的；各种各样的within/inrange在…范围之内beyond/outofrange在…范围之外(2)rangefrom…to…包括从…到…之间=varyfrom…to…Thepriceofthehouseissohighthatitiswellbeyondourrange.这栋房子的价格太高了，远远超出了我们能承受的范围。Astudyshowsthesafedrivingspeedrangesfrom60kmto80kmperhour.一项研究表明安全驾驶的速度为60到8千米/小时。【巩固训练】(1)Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_______(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.(2)Heisthemanagerofourpany,sohiringandfiringare_______therangeofhisresponsibility.(3)Wehave_______widerangeofchoicessuchastravellingandvisitingourrelativesorfriends.2.figuren.人物；数字；身材；画像；人影v.认为；认定；估计；计算；理解【教材原句】Theyhavefiguredinthecostofourfoodforthetrip.他们已把我们旅游的食物费用计算进去了。(1)figuresthin将某事物包括在内；计算在内(2)figureout弄清楚；计算出【巩固训练】写出句中figure的词性和含义①Sheisdietingtokeepherfigurealthoughsheisslim._____________②Canyoureadthisfigure?Isitathreeoraneight?_____________③Hewasoneofthegreatfiguresofhisage._____________④Ican’tfigureoutwhyshesaidso._____________3.gathervi.聚集；集合vt.聚集；搜集；收割【教材原句】Thisimportantagriculturalfestivaltakesplaceafterallthecropshavebeengatheredin.这一重大的农业节日在庄稼全部收割后来临。(1)gathertogether/up聚集；收拢(2)gatherround/around围拢(3)gatherin收割；收获【巩固训练】(1)Allthechildrengathered_____________theoldmantolistentohisstories.(2)Peoplearegratefulbecausetheirfood___________(gather)forthewinterandtheagriculturalworkisover.(3)Thefarmersarebusy_____________(gather)thecropsinthefield.(4)Thepeople_____________,curioustoknowwhatwashappening.人们聚集在一起，好奇地想知道发生了什么事儿。4.gratefuladj.感激的；表示感谢的gratefullyadv.感激地【教材原句】Peoplecelebratetoshowthattheyaregratefulfortheyear’ssupplyoffood.人们通过庆祝来表达他们对一年粮食自给自足的感激之情(1)begrateful/thankfultosb.forsth.因某事而感激某人=thanksbforsth区别：appreciateone’sdoingsth/sth感激某人做了某事Iwouldbegratefulifyoucould/would...=Iwouldappreciateitifyoucould/would...如果你能……我将不胜感激。（用于提出请求）(2)gratituden.感激，感谢show/expressone’gratitudetosbforsth因某事向某人表达感谢【巩固训练】(1)I’dbeverygrateful_______youcouldletmeknowassoonaspossible.(2)Anyhelpordonationswillbe_______(grateful)received.(3)Wearegratefultoyou_______yoursupport.(4)I_____________________(因……对你表示感激)yourhelpwhenI’mintrouble.5.occasionn.特别的事情（或仪式、庆典）；（适当的）机会；场合；时机【教材原句】Theyareoccasionsthatallowustorelaxandenjoylife，andforgetaboutourworkforalittlewhile.这些场合让我们放松和享受生活，暂时忘记工作。(1)当occasion表示“机会，时间”，作先行词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，关系词用when。(2)当occasion表示“场合”，作先行词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，关系词用where。(3)如果occasion在定语从句中做主语和宾语，则用关系代词that/which。(4)onoccasion有时；偶尔;occasionaladj.偶尔的，偶然的;occasionallyadv.有时，偶尔【巩固训练】(1)_______thisoccasion,hegotachancetogobackstagetomeettheactors.(2)Occasionsarequiterare_______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.(3)Hemade_______(occasion)visitstothecinema.(4)Thisnotanoccasionforlaughter,_______youmusttakethingsseriously.(5)It’sonthefestivaloccasion_______thefamilygettogether.6.atmospheren.气氛；氛围；（地球的）大气（层）【教材原句】Itwasgreatfunwalkingalongthestreets,enjoyingtherelaxingatmosphere!走在街上，享受着轻松的气氛，真是太有趣了!(1)It’sfundoingsth做…很有趣(2)intheatmosphere在大气中；inafriendlyatmosphere以一种友好的气氛(3)atmosphere做先行词，如果句子不缺成分，用where引导定语从句，缺成分还是用which/that【巩固训练】(1)Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents_______allowsthemtomunicatefreelywitheachother.(2)Creatinganatmosphere_______employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.(3)Themeetingwasgoingon____________________________（在友好的氛围中）7.decoratevt.装饰；装潢；授予……勋章/奖章【教材原句】Today,insomeEuropeancountries,peopledecoratechurchesandtownhallswithflowersandfruit,andgettogethertocelebrateoverameal.如今在一些欧洲国家，人们用鲜花和水果装饰教堂和市政厅，聚在一起共享大餐。(1)decorationn.装饰；装潢；装饰品(2)decorate...with以……装饰……(3)decoratesbfor因为……而授某人勋章【巩固训练】(1)Theexhibitionhallisdecorated_______manypaintings.(2)Thegirlwasdecorated_______savingthechildfromdrowning.8.typicaladj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的【教材原句】OneexampleisthetypicalChineseSpringFestivalcustomoflightingfirecrackerstodriveawaytheevilspiritsandcelebratethenewyear.其中一个例子是具有代表性的燃放鞭炮以驱赶邪灵、庆祝新年的中国春节习俗。(1)betypicalofsb./sth.是某人/某物的特点(典型)(2)Itistypicalofsb.todosth.某人经常做某事。(3)typicallyadv.典型地；代表性地【巩固训练】(1)Thefactory_______(typical)produces500chairsaweek.(2)Theview_______(很有代表性)thepeopleofhisgeneration.(3)_____________________(她的一贯作风)togetstraighttothepoint.9.significantadj.有重大意义的；显著的(1)Itissignificant/importantthatsb(should)dosth…..很重要。asignificantdifferencebetween...and...……和……有明显差别besignificant/importantforsb/sth=beofsignificance/importancetosb/sth对…重要(2)significancen.重要性，意义attach(great/little)importance/significanceto(doing)sth认为……（很/几乎不）重要(3)significantlyadv.有重大意义，显著地【巩固训练】(1)Yoursuccesstodaymaybe_______(significance)foryourwholefuture.=Yoursuccesstodaymaybe______________toyourwholefuture.(同义转换）(2)Eatingagooddiet_______(significant)canlessentheriskofheartdisease.(3)Couldyouexplaintomethe_______(significant)ofthispartofthecontract?重点短语1.dress(sb.)up穿上盛装；装扮【教材原句】Itisnowachildren’sfestival,whentheycandressupandgototheirneighbors’homestoaskforsweets.万圣节前夕如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮去邻居家要糖果吃。(1)dressupas打扮成……(2)dresssb./oneself给……穿衣（表示动作）(3)bedressedin穿着……（表示状态）=bewearing(4)getdressed穿好衣服(5)其他的“穿”：putonsth穿上；戴上(表示动作)；wearsth穿上；戴上(表示动作)bein+颜色(表示状态）：穿着…颜色的衣服【巩固训练】(1)Hedressedup_______ahunterfortheparty.(2)Sheisusuallydressed_______red，whichmakesherlookmoreenergetic.=Sheisusually_______red,_______(make)herlookmoreenergetic.(3)Themotheris_____________________（给她的宝宝穿衣服）.(4)Hewenttothebedroomto_____________________（穿好衣服）2.takeadvantageof利用；欺骗；占……的便宜【教材原句】Festivalsarebeingmoreandmoremercial,withbusinessestakingadvantageofthecelebrations.节日变得越来越商业化，因为商家利用了庆祝活动。advantagesanddisadvantages利弊beatadisadvantage处于劣势beatanadvantage处于优势toone’sadvantage/disadvantage对某人有利/不利takeadvantageof=makeuseof利用【巩固训练】(1)Hewonthegame,becausehetooktheadvantage_______histalent.(2)Thereare_____________________（利弊)ineverything.3.inspiteof不管；尽管【教材原句】AnotherexampleisHalloween，whichslowlybecameanexcitingfestivalforchildren,inspiteofitsreligiousorigins.另一个例子是万圣节前夕，尽管它有宗教渊源，但它慢慢地成了让孩子们兴奋的节日。(1)inspiteof/despite/regardlessof+n/代词/ving(2)inspiteof/despitethefactthat+句子….(3)although/though/while+句子引导让步状语【巩固训练】(1)____________(尽管)hisoldage,hewasstillfitenoughtocycle20kilometersinanafternoon.(2)____________(不管)danger,heclimbedthetower.(3)Inspiteoftheheavyrain,wewentshoppingyesterday.=________________________________,wewentshoppingyesterday.（介词短语）=_______________________________,wewentshoppingyesterday.（状语从句）4.playarole/partina.在……中起作用；b.参与；在……中扮演角色【教材原句】Customsplayasignificantroleinfestivals,butsometimestheycanchangeovertime.习俗在节日中起着重要的作用，但有时它们会随着时间的推移而改变。(1)play(perform)animportant/keyrole/partin在……中起重要/关键的作用；在……中扮演重要角色(2)therole/part(that/which)sb.playsin...某人在……中起的作用【巩固训练】(1)Weallthinkthatshehasplayedanimportantrole_______carryingouttheplan.(2)It’sourhopethatwewillplay_______greaterroleinthemarketplaceand，therefore，supplymorejobs.(3)Whataninterestingroleshe_______(play)inthefilm!NowondershehaswonanOscar.(4)puters____________________________(在……中起重要作用)ourdailylife.5.takeplace发生；举行（不用于进行时态和被动语态）【教材原句】LaTomatinaisafestivalthattakesplaceintheSpanishtownBunoleveryAugust.番茄大战是每年八月在西班牙小镇布尼奥尔举行的一个节日。(1)taketheplaceof=takeone’splace代替某人；就坐；就职(2)inplaceof=inone’splace代替(3)inplace在正确位置；准备就绪(4)outofplace位置不当；不恰当【巩固训练】(1)Theprofessorlikestoputeverything_______place.(2)Itwouldbedifficulttofindamantotake_______placeofthesecretary.(3)Someofthesebooksare_______ofplace.Pleaseputtheminrightorder.(4)Noonecanbe_______placeofhiminFrenchliterature.Unit2MoralsandVirtues1.majorityn.大部分;大多数(经典佳句)Themajorityofthestudentsholdtheviewthatit’sconvenienttogotoschoolbyelectricbike.大多数学生持有以下观点:骑电动车上学很方便。【词汇精讲】（1）the/amajorityof大多数的……inthemajority占多数Afterall,thosewhoareagainsttheprojectareinthemajority.毕竟,反对这个项目的人占多数。（2）反义词:minorityn.少数,少部分aminorityof少数的……Onlyasmallminorityofstudentsareinterestedinpoliticsthesedays.目前，只有极少数同学对政治感兴趣。（3）majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的n.主修课程；少校注意：themajorityof后接名词用法：“themajorityof+名词”用作主语时,谓语动词与名词保持一致。“themajorityof+复数名词”用作主语时,谓语动词用复数;“themajorityof+不可数名词”用作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如：1.Themajorityofthebooksarekeptupstairs.2.Themajorityoftheworkhasbeenfinished.[应用]——完成句子①WeChatistothetasteof___________________,especiallytheyouth.②Ibelievethatstudentssupportingmeare_____________.③当我有不同观点时,我总是尊重多数人的观点。_________________________________________________________________________________④这次的损害大部分容易补救。____________________________________________________________________________2.plainvi.&vt.抱怨;发牢骚(经典佳句)Myfatherisverybrave,hardworking,responsibleandmostimportantlyheneverplains.我的父亲非常勇敢,勤劳,负责,最为重要的是,他从来不抱怨。【词汇精讲】[应用]——完成句子①.Hephonedanewspaperreportertoplain____________thereporter’sstory.②.JaneismybestfriendandIcanplain____________herwhenIamunhappy.③.I’dliketobeinformedoftheprocessofyourdealingwithmy____________(plain).④一个幽默的抱怨可以造就一个风趣的人，但是太多的抱怨将会让你的听众觉得无趣/疲累。（2020年江苏卷任务型阅读）___________________________________________________________________________3.respondvt.回答；回复vt.做出反应；回应(经典佳句)Sherespondedtomyletterwithaphonecall.她收到我的信后给我回了个。Whenaskedaboutthepany'sfuture,thedirectorrespondedthatheremainedoptimistic.当被问到公司的未来的时候，经理回答说他依然乐观。【词汇精讲】(1)respondto...(withsth.)回答，回复；对……做出反应respondthat...回答说……(2)responsen.反应；回答；回复inresponseto作为对……的答复/反应makearesponse(to)(对……)做出回应/反应【易混辨析】respond,answer,replyrespond:为不及物动词，指对他人的期望等做出适当的回应，是最正式的用词answer:为及物动词，指用文字、语言或行动回答，是最普通的用词reply:为不及物动词，与answer用法基本相同，但稍正式一些【例句】Iaskedhimhisname,buthedidn'trespond.我问他叫什么名字，可他没回答。Heansweredthathedidgotherelastnight.他回答说昨天晚上他的确去过那儿。It'syourturnnowtoreplytothesecharges.现在该轮到你对这些指控进行答辩了。[应用]单句语法填空①Devices(设备)thatcanrecognizeandrespond______ahumanvoicehavebeendeveloped.②Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponse______events,andthatiswhywhattriggers(引起)onepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.③Ifyoudonotunderstandthequestionaskedatasecuritycheckpoint(安检员),askthepersontorepeathisquestionuntilyouareabletorespond________anaccurateanswer.完成句子卡尔没有回答我的问题，继续吃他的饭。④Carldidn’t_____________myquestion,andcarriedonwithhismeal.(respond)⑤Carl________________________myquestion,andcarriedonwithhismeal.(response)⑥听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。Mymotheropenedthedoor________________theknock,buttherewasnooneoutside.4.rejectvt.拒绝接受；不录用(经典佳句)Hewasrejectedbythearmybecauseofhispooreyesightlastyear.去年他因为视力不好而被军队拒收。【词汇精讲】(1)rejectone’sidea/suggestion/plan拒绝接受某人的想法/建议/计划rejectanargument/adecision/anoffer拒绝接受一个论点/一个决定/一项提议(2)rejectionn.拒绝接受；否决arejectionletter一封回绝信【易混辨析】reject与refusereject:vt.正式用词，“摒弃，不采用，不使用”。refuse:vi.&vt.普通用词，“拒绝”。refusesb.sth.拒绝某人某事；refusetodosth.拒绝做某事[应用]单句语法填空①He_______________(reject)bythearmybecauseofhispooreyesightlastyear.②Althoughwritinga_____________(reject)lettercanbedifficult,therearesituationswhereit’sabsolutelynecessary.选词填空（reject/refuse）③Heloveshisdaughtersomuchthathecan__________hernothing.④I’vebeen____________byallthepaniesIappliedto.⑤Iabsolutely__________totakepartinanythingthat’sillegal.⑥Whenshewassenttoaboardingschool,shefelt____________byherparents.5.appointvt.任命；委派(经典佳句)Shewasappointed(as/tobe)monitorattheclassmeeting.在班会上她被任命为班长。Theyappointedhertotakecareofthatoldman.他们派她去照顾那位老人。【词汇精讲】(1)appointsb.(as/tobe)＋职位某人担任……职位appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事(2)appointmentn.任命；委派；约定make/haveanappointmentwithsb.与某人有约keep/breakanappointment守约/违约(3)appointedadj.约定的；指定的[应用]——单句语法填空①Salmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse_____________(appoint)toguardher.②Ihatetorushyou,butIhaveanother_______________(appoint).③Tohisjoy,he________________(appoint)asmanager.Afterall,thisrepresentedhisability.Andthemomenthereceivedthe_______________(appoint)letter,hecalledandmadean_______________(appoint)withhisformerteacher,forwhosehelphewasgrateful.6.electvt.选举；推选(经典佳句)Sheelectedanartcoursebecauseshewasinterestedinart.因为她对艺术感兴趣，所以选择了一门艺术课。Likemen,womenhavetherighttoelectandtobeelected.妇女享有同男子平等的选举权和被选举权。【词汇精讲】electtodosth.决定做某事electsb.as选举某人当……electionn.选举；推选；当选thefirstroundoftheelection第一轮选举[应用]——单句语法填空①Congratulations!Iheardyouhavebeen___________(elect)aschairman.②Anincreasingnumberofpeopleelect__________(work)athome.③Theyear1789sawthefirst____________(elect)inAmericanhistorywhereamajorityofpeople___________(elect)GeorgeWashington______thefirstpresident.7.tendvt.照顾;照料vi.倾向;趋于(经典佳句)I’mwritingtoexpressmysincerethankstoMsWangwhotendedmymotherinthehospital.我写信真诚地感谢在医院里照顾我妈妈的王女士。【词汇精讲】（1）tendtodosth.倾向于做某事Somepeopletendtolookdownupondisabledpeople.有些人往往瞧不起残疾人。（2）tendsb./sth.照料/照看……Shewasmoreinterestedintendingpatients.她对于照顾病人更感兴趣。(1)tendencyn.倾向,趋势haveatendencytodosth.有做某事的倾向IhaveatendencytotalktoomuchwhenI'mnervous.我紧张时总爱唠叨。[应用]——完成句子①WhileIhatetoadmitit,peoplealwaystend____________(judge)apersonbyhisorherappearanceinitially.②Thereisaslow____________(tend)that“thebeatculture”ispopularwiththeyouthsinChina.③人们常常认为这个问题绝不会影响到他们。___________________________________________________________________________④高收入的父母倾向于更频繁地让孩子们玩拼图游戏。___________________________________________________________________________⑤科学家们往往充满好奇并且野心勃勃。___________________________________________________________________________8.retirevi.&vt.退休；退职；退出；离开(尤指去僻静处)(经典佳句)Mostpeopleretireat60.大多数人在60岁时退休。Afterlunch,heretiredtohisstudy.午饭后他去了书房。【词汇精讲】(1)retirefrom...从……退休(役)/退出(2)retiredadj.已退职的；已退休的(3)retirementn.退休；退职[应用]——单句语法填空①Afterhe___________(retire)fromoffice,Tomtookuppaintingforawhile,butsoonlostinterest.②Whentheworldfamoustennisplayerannouncedher______________(retire),shecouldn’thelpcrying.③Hehasagreedtostruggleon,thoughhehopestoretire________hisposition.9.principlen.道德原则；法则；原则(经典佳句)Schoolstrytoteachchildrenasetofprinciples.学校设法教给孩子们一套道德准则。【词汇精讲】inprinciple原则上；理论上sticktoone’sprinciples坚持原则beagainstone’sprinciples违背某人的原则asamatterofprinciple作为原则问题[应用]——完成句子①Despitethevarietyofinjuries,several______________(principle)offirstaidcanapplytoallemergencies.②Anyway,Ican’tcheatintheexams—it’s_______________________(违背我的原则)③_______________(原则上),thenewsoftwareshouldmaketheaccountingsystemalotsimpler.④Thoughpoor,hestill_______________________(坚持他的原则).10.scarevt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓(经典佳句)Wewerescaredtodeathwhenthefirebrokeout.Fortunately,itwasputoutbeforeitcausedmuchdamage.突如其来的大火把我们吓得要死，幸好它被扑灭了，没有造成很大损失。Hedoesn’tscareeasily.他不轻易害怕。【词汇精讲】(1)scaresb.todeath把某人吓得要死scaresb.away/off把某人吓跑scareo/outof(doing)sth.吓得某人做/不敢做某事Itscaressb.todosth.使某人害怕去做某事(2)scaredadj.害怕的，担心的(近义词：afraid/frightened)bescaredof...害怕/担心……bescaredtodeath吓得要死bescaredofdoingsth./todosth.害怕做某事bescaredthat...害怕(3)scaryadj.恐怖的；吓人的[应用]①Whenwearegettingexcited,angryor__________(scare),ourbodiesalsogothroughmanyphysicalchanges.②Theturkeywasscared___________atthesightofus.③IreallythoughtIwasgoingtofall—itwasa_________(scare)moment.④Thelocalfarmersusedtolightafire__________________(吓跑)thewolves.11.sharpadj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的；鲜明的；敏锐的；(语言)尖刻的；剧烈的；急转的adv.(用于时间后表示准时)整(经典佳句)Therewasasharpincreaseinunemploymentinthatarealastyear.去年那个地区的失业人数急剧上。【词汇精讲】sharplyadv.猛烈地；急剧地sharpenvt.&vi.(使)变得锋利sharpenern.磨具，削具[应用]写出下列句中sharp的含义①Unfortunately,Icutmyfootasharpstoneandcaughtmyhaironabranch.________②Asweallknow,aneaglehassharpeyesight.__________③Whenwegottothechurchitwasseveno’clocksharp.______④Allthefootmarksarequitesharpandclear.__________⑤Suddenly,hefeltasharppaininthestomach.__________⑥Hefaintedwhenridingtowork.Thebikemadeasharpturntotheleft.__________单句语法填空⑦Thepriceofpetrolhasrisen___________(sharp)sincelastmonth.⑧Thepencildoesn’twritewell；Ishould___________(sharp)itbeforeIdrawthegreatfigure.⑨Hewassharp________hiscolleagueswhentheywerelate.12.replacevt.接替;取代;更换(经典佳句)It’sgoodtoenjoyotherculturesandlearnfromthem,buttheycanneverreplaceyourownculture.喜欢并向其他的文化学习很好,但是它们永远无法替代你自己的文化。【词汇精讲】(1)replacesth.withsth.用某物替代某物Iwillnolongeruseoneoffthingsandreplaceplasticbagswithpaperbags.我将不会再使用一次性物品,并且用纸袋替换塑料袋。(2)同义短语:taketheplaceof=takesb.’splace取代Shecouldn'tattendthemeetingsoherassistanttookherplace.她不能参加会议，所以她的助手代她出席。[应用]——完成句子①VinodKhoslasuggeststhatwegetridof80%ofdoctorsandreplacethem____________robots.②Oldbooksarelikeoldfriends.Oncelost,theycannever____________(replace).③新的设计最终将会取代所有现有的型号。__________________________________________________________________________④研究人员研发智能键盘是为了取代密码系统吗？__________________________________________________________________________13.dilemman.进退两难的境地;困境(经典佳句)Amoraldilemmaisasituationinwhichyouhavetwoormorechoicestomake.道德困境就是你有两个甚至更多选择的处境。【词汇精讲】（1）putsb.intoadilemma使某人陷入困境Whichchoicetotakewillpossiblyputsomepeopleintoadilemma.该做出哪一个选择很可能使一些人陷于困境中。（2）inadilemma处于困境中Shewasinadilemmaastowhethertostayatschoolorgetajob.她进退两难,不知该留在学校读书还是找份工作。[应用]——完成句子①它对某些人有益处,但会使其他人就是否投票陷入困境。_________________________________________________________________________________②当为我自己选择一个专业的时候我陷于困境之中。_________________________________________________________________________________③他正面临着要不要回国的两难境地。_________________________________________________________________________________重点短语1.carrysb.throughsth.帮助某人渡过难关(经典佳句)ThesewordsofDrLinQiaozhigiveusalookintowhatcarriedherthroughalifeofhardchoices.林巧稚医生的这些话可以让我们了解是什么帮助她渡过人生中的艰难选择的。【词汇精讲】(1)carrythrough完成;进行到底It'sadifficultjobbutshe'sthepersontocarryitthrough.这是一项艰巨的工作，但她这个人是能够顺利完成的。(2)carryout执行,实行;贯彻;实现Policesaytheybelievetheattackswerecarriedoutbynationalists.警方称他们认为这些袭击行为是民族主义分子发动的。(3)carryon开展;维持;继续CarryonwithyourworkwhileI'maway.我不在时你要接着干。(4)carryforward继承,弘扬Wemustcarryforwardourachievementsandcorrectourmistakes.我们要发扬成绩，纠正错误。[应用]——完成句子①谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。_____________________________________________________________________________②他靠坚强的信心渡过了艰苦的岁月。_____________________________________________________________________________[应用]——单选③Wecan’t______buyinganewprinterforourpany.Theonewehavedoesn’twork.A.takeup B.carryout C.keepon D.putoff2.agreatdeal(of)大量(经典佳句)Thankstopapermakingandprinting,agreatdealofancientinformationhasbeenkeptinbooks.多亏了造纸术和印刷,大量的古代信息被保存在书里。【词汇精讲】(1）agreatdeal可单独使用，也可以用在形容词副词的比较级前表示“大量，许多”。如：Welearnedagreatdealfromthem.我们从他们那里学到许多东西。HeranagreatdealfasterthanI.他跑得比我快多了。（1）agreatdealof只能用在不可数名词前表示“大量的”如：Hehasgivenusagreatdealofhelp.他已经给了我们很多的帮助。英语中很多短语表示“大量许多”，根据性质可分为三类：（1）修饰可数名词的有:agreat/goodmany;alarge/greatnumberof;scoresof等,谓语动词用复数。如：Agreat/goodmanywordsandexpressionshaveeintothelanguagefromAmericanEnglish.这种语言吸收了美国英语中的许多单词和短语。（2）修饰不可数名词的有:alargemountof;agreatdealof等，谓语动词用单数。如：Hehasspentalargeamountofmoneyonhisnewhouse.他已经花了很多钱在他的新房子上。（3）既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词的有:alotof;lotsof;plentyof;aquantityof;quantitiesof,谓语动词按照“主谓一致”语法专题的原则。如：Alargequantityofmoneywasspentonthebridge.很多钱被花在这座桥上。Alargequantityofmaterialswerespentonthebuilding.建造这个大楼耗费了大量的材料。[应用]——完成句子①Undoubtedly,Gaokaomeans__________toeveryChinesestudent.毫无疑问,高考对每一个中国学生意义重大。②Ialsohavefriendswhogaveme_____________encouragement.我还有些朋友给了我很多鼓励。③Meredith夫人花费大量的时间拜访穷人们。（2020年全国卷山东新高考卷故事续写）_____________________________________________________________________________3.neither...nor既不……也不……(经典佳句)Lastnightneithermywifenormyparentswereabletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind.昨天晚上我妻子和我父母都没能说服我女儿改变主意。(1)neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。Neitherthefathernorthechildrenwereinterestedinthemovie.Neitherthechildrennorthefatherwasinterestedinthemovie.(2)遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：either...or...不是……就是……notonly...butalso...不仅……而且……not...but...不是……而是……Asisknowntoall，notonlythenursesbutalsothedoctorisverykindtothepatients.众所周知，护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsistoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。[应用]——完成句子①人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。_____________________________________________________________________________②正如作者解释的那样，这不是一本旅游书也不是一本历史书。_____________________________________________________________________________③诚实地说，我既没有时间也没有金钱参加舞会。_____________________________________________________________________________4.wouldrather宁愿;宁可(经典佳句)I’dratherstaysingletostudyallmylife!我宁愿单身一辈子来学习!【词汇精讲】(1)表示“宁愿做某事”时，可使用下面这些句式wouldratherdosth.wouldratherdosth.ratherthandosth.woulddosth.thandosth.(2)wouldrather+从句,意为“宁愿……”,此时从句中要用虚拟语气,表示与现在或将来事实相反,谓语动词用过去式,表示与过去事实相反用过去完成式。Iwouldratheryousaidnothingaboutthetopic.关于这个话题我宁愿你什么都不要说。（事实是说了）IwouldratherIhadn’tmethimyesterday.我宁愿昨天没有遇到他。（事实是遇见了）[应用]——完成句子①比起去电影院我宁愿在家里看电视。_____________________________________________________________________________②他宁可到乡村去工作。_____________________________________________________________________________③我宁愿那时听从了你的建议。(虚拟语气）_____________________________________________________________________________【查漏补缺】U1一、单词拼写1.

Weexpressedoursincere

(祝贺)tohimonwinningthepetitionattheceremony.2.

Thereisafull

(系列,范围)ofactivitiesforchildren.3.

Festivalsnotonlymakethefamilymembersreunitebutalsoremindthemofitsunique

(魅力).4.

Intheancienttime,theimportantagriculturalfestivaloftentookplaceafterallthecropshavebeen

(收割).5.

Iwouldbe

(感激的)ifyoucangivemesomesuggestionsontheproblem.6.

ChineseLanternFestivaloften

(以……为特色)agameofguessingriddles.7.

They

(装饰)

theirhouseswithflowersonFestival.8.

Itis

(典型的)ofhimtotakeexerciseeverymorning.9.

Itisvery

(意义重大的)forustocelebratethefestivals.10.

Theboylookedathimself

(反射)inthemirrorandsmiled.二、单句语法填空1.

Doyouknowanythingabouttheaccident

(happen)inthevillageyesterday.2.

Thetreethere,

(measure)over80metreswasplanted1,000yearsago.3.

Theoldman'sjobis

(look)afterhisgrandsonafterheretiredfromwork.4.

Ifoundthereweresomechildren

(swim)inthelakewhenIreachedit.5.

Thequestion

(discuss)nowatthemeetingisverysignificant.6.

Peoplearesurprisedtoseethattheeelhasbeenmarkeduptoan

(astonish)price.17.

Shelostheartsinceshefailedtheexam,becauseherfuturewas

(puzzle).8.

Whenthelittlegirlwasaskedsucha

question,shestoodtherewitha

lookonherface.(confuse)9.

Atigerisalargefierceanimal

(belong)tothecatfamily.10.

Thepany

(consist)of15smallfactoriesisfacingas