2024年中考英语热点阅读练习-科普新知（含解析）

2024年中考英语新热点时文阅读-科普新知

题型主要内容

1阅读理解介绍了洋葱的用途和营养价值，也提供了几种切洋葱不流泪的方法。

2阅读理解介绍了筷子的历史以及和筷子的发明有关的三个传说，还介绍了制造筷子的多种材

料。

3阅读理解介绍了人类进化过程中脸部的变化。

4阅读理解通过《白雪公主》的故事引出有毒的苹果的话题。

5阅读理解介绍了20世纪70年代，一位名叫J.P.Guilford的心理学家进行了一项著名的关于创

造力的研究，名为“九点谜题”，这让Guilford得出了一个笼统的结论：创造力需要你

跳出框框。但是后来有人通过研究证明这个结论是一个误导。

6阅读理解讲述了动物也会撒谎，撒谎可以帮助它们生存。

7阅读理解讲述了新冠肺炎疫情期间挽救人命的口罩，如今却成了野生动物的“杀手”。作者呼吁人

们使用口罩后，勿随意丢弃。

8完形填空讲述了植物之间的交流方式。

9语法填空介绍了中国人喜欢喝热水的原因。

01

（2023上•浙江•九年级期中）Whetheryellow,redorwhite,theonionisavegetablethatyoumaynotknow

well.Thelistofusesincookingforitisendless.Peoplehaveusedonionstoaddflavor（味道）totheirfoodsfor

thousandsofyears.Besidesonions5greattaste,theyareverygoodforyou.Theyhavespecialchemicals（化学物质）

thatimproveyourabilitytofightoffsicknessandyouhavefewerchancesofgettingadisease.

Nomatterhowgoodonionsareforyou,itisdifficulttocutanonionwithoutyoureyesfillingwithtears!When

youcutintoanonion,irritatingchemicalsinsidetheonionwillgetintotheair.Theytouchyourwholeevesandcause

pain.Youreyesmaketearstowashawaythechemicalsandprotectyoureyes.

Luckily,cooksandscientistshavediscoveredsomewaystokeepyoufromcryingwhenyoucutuponions:

•Cuttheonionunderrunningwater.Thewaterwillwashawaythechemicalsbeforetheycanreachyoureyes.

•Useafantoblowairovertheonionasyoucutit.Theairwillblowthechemicalsawayfromyoureyes.

•Puttheonioninafridgeforanhourbeforecutting.Thishelpsmakethechemicalsintheonionmoveslowly,

sotheymaynoteverreachyoureyes.

Ifyoutryoutthesegoodideasandstillcrywhilecuttingonions,don'tworry.Scientiststhinkifyoucutmore

onions,yourbodywillbecomemoreresilienttotheonion'schemicals.Sothetearswillnotlastlong.Ifyouthink

abouthowhealthyonionsare,youmightevencallthosetears"happytears”.

1.Whycanonionshelpyoufightoffsickness?

A.Becausetheyhavedifferentcolors.B.Becausetheyhavemanyusesincooking.

C.Becausetheyhavegreattaste.D.Becausetheyhavespecialchemicals.

2.Whydoyoureyesmaketearswhenyoucutonions?

A.Toimprovephysicalcondition.B.Topreventcommondiseases.

C.Towashawayirritatingchemicals.D.Tocauseterriblepain.

3.Whatcanyoudotostopcryingaccordingtothetext?

①Cuttheonionunderrunningwater.

（2）Useafantoblowairovertheonionwhilecutting.

（3）Covertheonionwithapieceofclothasyoucutit.

（4）Puttheonioninafridgeforanhourbeforecutting.

A.①②③B.①②④C.①③④D.②③④

4.Inwhichsectionofamagazinecanyouprobablyreadthetext?

A.LifeandHealth.B.LanguageandCulture.

C.BusinessWorld.D.NationalNews.

02

（2022上•四川遂宁•九年级统考期末）It'ssaidthatChinauses45billionpairsofchopsticksayear.Here's

someinformationaboutchopstick'shistory.

Chopstickshavealonghistoryofmorethan3,000yearsinChina.Therecordedhistoryofchopsticksisasearly

astheShangDynasty（1600-1046BC）.AccordingtoanarticleaboutChinesehistory,theemperoroftheShang

Dynasty（商朝）usedchopsticksmadeofivory.

Legends（传说）abouthowchopstickswereinvented

▲OneisaboutJiangZiya.Hewastoldbyabirdtousebamboostickstopickupmeat.Whensmokecamefrom

bamboosticks,hefoundoutthathiswifewantedtousepoisonous（有毒的）foodtokillhim.

▲AnotherisaboutDaJi.SheusedtopleaseEmperorZhoubypickinguphotmeatwithhairsticks.

▲ThethirdoneisaboutDaYu.Heinventedwoodenchopstickstopickuphotfoodtosavetimeoverthemeal

whilepreparingforfloodcontrolwork（控制洪水）.

Materialsofchopsticks

•Bamboohasbeenthemostpopularmaterialusedforchopsticksbecauseitisnotexpensive,easy-to-get,

resistant（有抵抗力的）toheat,andhasnoterribleodorortaste.

•Wood:Cedar,sandalwood,teakandpinehavealsobeenused.

•Jade（玉、翡翠）andmetal:Inthepast,thewealthypeoplehadchopsticksmadeofjade.Peoplealsousedsome

metalssuchasgoldandsilvertomakechopsticks.

•Porcelain（瓷器）andplastic:Thesetwomaterialsareusedinmoderntimesbecauseofthedevelopmentof

technology.

5.Howmanylegendsarementioned（被提至U）inthepassage?

A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six.

6.WhowantedtokillJiangZiyaaccordingtothepassage?

A.DaJi.B.DaYu.C.Theemperor.D.Hiswife.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"odor"probablymeaninChinese?

A.硬度B.触觉C.气味D.视觉

8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhybambooisusedtomakechopsticks?

A.Bambooisresistanttoheat.B.Bamboogrowsfasteverywhere.

C.Bambooisnotexpensivetoget.D.Bamboodoesn'ttasteterrible.

9.Whafsthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Totellussomelegendsofusingchopsticks.

B.Toexplainwhychopsticksarepopular.

C.Totellushowtousechopstickstoeatmeals.

D.Totellussomeinformationaboutchopsticks.

03

（2022上•安徽六安•九年级统考期末）Weallknowthestrangefeelingofwatchingthetimechangeonaclock.

Youneverseeitchangebecausethehandsmovesoslowly.Butofcourse,thetimeischangingallthetime.

Humanfaces,likeclockfaces,arealsochanging.Andlikeclocks,thechangestakeplacetooslowlytobe

noticed.Overmanythousandsofyears,though,hugechangesarepossible.Forexample,thehumanbraintripled（三

倍）insizeandbegantothinkmore.Ourfacesbecameflatter（平坦的）.

Ifourheadsbecamelargerinthepast,howwillthingschangeinthefuture?Unlikethechangesofaclockface,

thechangesinhumanfacesareverydifficulttopredict（预测）.Oneofthemainreasonsforthisisthewayinwhich

wecannowcontrolpartsofnature.Hundredsofthousandsofyearsago,allchangeswerenatural,butnowwecan

activelychoosewaysforourownevolution（进化）.

Justafewhundredyearsago,mosthumanswereworkinginthefields,whereasnowadaysmoreandmorepeople

receiveeducation.Thesearejustpredictions,andnoonecanbesurehowhumanbeingswillbecomeinthefuture.

Butwithsuchhugechangesinourenvironment,itseemslikelythatwewilllookverydifferentinthefuture.

10.Thechangesofhumanarehardlynoticedbecause.

A.humanfacesneverchangeB.thehumanbrainbecomesbigger

C.thechangestakeplacetooslowlyD.weneverthinkaboutthechanges

11.Thethirdparagraphtellsus.

A.humanfacescan'tbecontrolledbyus

B.humanfacesusedtobechangedbynature

C.itiseasytopredictthechangesinhumanchanges

D.humancan'tchangethesizeofthebraininthefuture

12.Fromthelastparagraph,wecanlearnthat.

A.thepredictionswillsurelybetrueB.peopleinthepastlikedtobeeducated

C.futurehumansmusthavelargerheadsD.humanswillnotlookthesameastoday

04

（2022上•浙江宁波•九年级统考期末）InthestorySnowWhite,thejealousqueendecidestogetridofSnow

Whiteonceandforallwithanappledippedindeadlypoison（毒药）.Thankstosomehelpfuldwarfsandahandsome

prince,SnowWhiterecovers（'恢复）.Butthequeendidn'tneedtogotoallthattrouble.Infact,apples,alongwith

manycommonfruitsweeatarealreadypoisonous!Butdon'tworry-itwon'tharmyou.Ifsonlytheseedsyouneed

toavoid.

AppletreesbelongtoaplantfamilycalledPrunus（蔷薇科树）.Thisgroupalsoincludespeaches,cherriesand

soon.Theseedsandpits（果核）ofallthesefruitscontainachemicalcalledamygdalin（苦杏仁昔）.Insideananimal's

stomach,amygdalinturnsintoastrongpoisoncalledcyanide（氧化物）.Andcyanidecanmakepeopleandanimals

verysick,orevenkillthem.

Still,don'tworryifyouaccidentallyswallowafewappleseeds.Eachseedhasonlyaverytinyamountofpoison.

You'dhavetoeatalargebowlfulofseedstofeelanyeffect.Andyou'dneedtochewthemwell-thehard,shiny

shellsofappleseedskeepthepoisonlockedinside.Unchewedseedsusuallypassrightthroughandcomeoutwhole

inyourpoop（粪便）.Butcowsandotheranimalsoftenchewupseedsalongwiththefruit,sotheycangetsickfrom

eatingapplesandplumsthatfalltotheground.

Whywouldatreemakepoisonedseeds?Tostopanimalsfromnibblingonthem!Amygdalintastesterrible.Ifs

alsofoundinleavesandotherpartsoffruittrees.Ifadeerorcowchewsonappleleaves,itgetsanastytasteandan

upsetstomach.Animalssoonlearntoleavethosetreesalone.Thanks,amygdalin!

13.WhydoesthewritermentionthestoryofSnowWhiteinthefirstparagraph?

A.Toamusethereaders.B.Toprovideanexample.

C.Toexpressanopinion.D.Toleadintothetopic.

14.Accordingtothepassage,amygdaliniscontainedin_____.

A

A.AB.BC.CD.D

15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"nibble“meaninparagraphfour?

A.polluteB.touchC.breakD.eat

16.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?

A.Atreemakespoisonedseedstoprotectitself.

B.There9stinyamountofpoisonineachappleseed.

C.It'snotharmfulforanimalstochewupseedswithfruit.

D.It'sjustOKtoswallowseveralseedswithoutchewingup.

（2023上•浙江温州•九年级校考竞赛）

Howdopeoplethinkdifferently?Thishasalwaysbeenunusual.Tosearchananswer,ascientistnamedJ.P.

Guilfordstartedafamousstudyofcreativityinthe1970s,knownasthenine-dotpuzzle（九,点谜题）.Heaskedthe

participants（参与者）toconnectallninedotsusingonlyfourstraightlines,withoutliftingtheirpencilsfromthepage.

Alltheparticipantslookedforsolutionswithinthesquaretheyimagined.Only20percentmanagedtobreakoutof

thesquareandcontinuetheirlinesinthewhitespacearoundthedots,whiletherestofthemwereblindedbythe

boundaries（边界）ofthesquare.

TheresultsofGuilford'sstudyledhimtoaconclusion:creativityneedsyoutogooutsidethebox.Theideawas

widelyspreadsoon.Overnight,itseemedthatcreativityexpertseverywherewereteachingmanagershowtothink

outsidethebox.Theideawassopopularthatnoonethoughtofcheckingthefacts.Noone,thatis,beforetwodifferent

researchteams-ClarkeBurmhamwithKennethDavis,andJosephAlbawithRobertWeisberg-didanother

experiment.

TomakesurethatGuilford^studyiscorrect,bothteamsdividedparticipantsintotwogroups.Thefirstgroup

wasgiventhesameinstructionsastheparticipantsinGuilford'sexperiment.Thesecondgroupwastoldtodrawthe

linesoutsidetheimaginedbox.Guesswhat?Onlyalittlemorethan20percentsolvedthepuzzle,whichisnobig

differencefromtheresultofGuilford^experiment.

Lefslookalittlemorecloselyatthesurprisingresult.Solvingthisproblemrequirespeopletothinkoutsidethe

box.However,directandclearinstructionsto"thinkoutsidethebox“donothelpparticipantsimprovetheir

performance.Thewidelyspreadideathatout-of-the-boxthinkingmakespeoplemorecreativecan,insomeway,be

dangerous.Afterall,withonesimplebutbrilliantexperiment,researchershadprovedthattheconnectionbetween

thinkingoutsidetheboxandcreativitywasamisunderstanding.

17.Thenine-dotpuzzlestudyismainlyfocusedon.

A.howpeopledothingsinreallifeB.whatpeopleseeintheexperiment

C.howpeoplethinkindifferentwaysD.whatknowledgepeoplehavelearned

18.Whydidthetworesearchteamsdothefollowingexperiment?

A.TodiscoverthemainideaofGuifbrd'sstudy.B.ToshowdifferentviewsagainstGuifdrd'sstudy.

C.TocollectsupportingdetailsforGuifbrd'sstudy.D.Todouble-checkthecorrectnessofGuifbrd'sstudy.

19.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat.

A.boundariessometimesmakepeoplethinklesscreatively

B.clearinstructionsinfluencehowpeoplesolveproblems

C.fewpeopleperformedbetterwiththeclearinstructions

D.themethodsofnine-dotpuzzlestudyneedtobeimproved

20.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Puz力eSolving:AKeyToCreativityB.Nine-DotPuzzle:AMagicTest

C.ThinkingOutsidetheBox:AMisleadingIdeaD.CreativeThinking:AnUnusualTopic

06

（2023上•浙江温州•九年级校联考阶段练习）

①Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?Animalscan'ttalk,butcan

theylieinotherways?Cantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehavior?Animalexpertsmaynotcallitlying,buttheydo

agreethatmanyanimals,frombirdstochimpanzees,behavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Why?Dishonesty

oftenhelpsthemsurvive.

②Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Forexample,abirdcalledtheplover

sometimespretendstobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenapredatorgetsclosetoitsnest,theploverleads

thepredatorawayfromthenest.How?Itpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Thepredatorfollowsthe"hurt"adult,

leavingthebabybirdssafeinthenest.

③Anotherkindofbird,thescrubjay,buriesitsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysarealso

thieves.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenathiefis

watchingthem.Sotheygobacklater,unburythefood,andburyitagainsomewhereelse.

©Birdscalledcuckooshavefoundawaytohavebabieswithoutdoingmuchwork.How?Theydon'tmake

nests.Buttheygetintootherbirds'nestssecretly.Thentheylaytheireggsandflyaway.Whenthebabybirdscome

out,theiradoptiveparentsfeedthem.

©Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky.Afterafight,thelosingchimpwillgiveitshandtotheother.

Whenthewinningchimpputsoutitshand,too,thechimpsarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosing

chimptakethewinner'shandandstartfightingagain.

©Chimpsaresneakyinotherways,too.Whenchimpsfindfoodthattheylove,suchasbananas,itisnatural

forthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpscomerunning.Butsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfind

food.Thatway,otherchimpsdon'thearthem,andtheydon'tneedtosharetheirfood.

@Aschildren,manyofuslearnthesaying“Youcan'tfoolMotherNature."Butmaybeyoucan'ttrusther,

either.

21.Aploverprotectsitsyoungfromapredatorby.

A.gettingclosertoitsyoungB.drivingawaytheadultpredator

C.leavingitsyounginanothernestD.pretendingtohaveawound

22.By'"Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky”（Paragraph©）,theauthormeans.

A.chimpsarealwayshonestB.chimpsaresometimesdishonest

C.chimpsarereadytofightothersD.chimpscanbeselfish

23.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Cuckoosfooltheiradoptiveparentsbymakingnonests.

B.Thelosingchimpwonthefightbytakingthewinner'shand.

C.Somecleverscrubjaysoftenstealtheirfoodback.

D.Somechimpslowertheircrytokeepfoodawayfromothers.

24.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Howdoeshonestyhelpanimalssurvive?B.Doanimalslie?

C.DoesMotherNaturefoolanimals?D.Howdoanimalslearntolie?

07

（2022上・ill东烟台•九年级统考期末）Thesedays,wearingafacemask（口罩）isacommonthingtodo,and

ithelpspreventdiseasesduringCOVID-19.However,thatalsomeanssingle-usefacemasks,gloves,andotherPPE

arethenewestformsofrubbishoncitystreets,beaches,andintheocean.

Thisisbadforall,andtherearemanyreasons.Andoneoftheworstonesisthatthelitteredfacemaskscan

seriouslyhurtanimals.AshleyFruno,amemberofananimalrightsgroupsaid,“Facemasksaren'tgoingawaysoon.”

Sowhenwethrowthemaway,theycanbebadfortheenvironmentandtheanimalsthatliveonthesameplanetas

us.

Monkeyshavebeenfoundbitingthestraps（带子）ofusedmasksinthehillsoutsideMalaysia'scapitalKuala

Lumpur.Thismaymakethemlosetheirbreathorevendie.InBritain,aseabird'slegshavebeenfoundtangled（缠

住）inthestrapsofamaskforuptoaweek.Itwasapainfulexperiencefortheseabird.

Ifshardtobelievethatfacemasksthatoncesavedpeople'slivesarenowkillingwildanimals.Alargenumber

offacemasksaremovingtothelivingplacesofanimals.Ifyouwearasingle-usefacemask,makesureofthrowing

itawayproperly.Neverlitteritontheground,orthrowitawayoutside,asthewindcouldblowitaway.

Pleasedon'tletthemasksbecomeanight-mareforwildlife.Thankyoufordoingyourparttokeepallanimals

safe!

25.Whichofthefollowingbelongstothenewestformsofrubbishaccordingtothepassage?

©single-usefacemasks②single-usegloves

③single-useplastics©single-usecups

A.①③B.①④C.②③D.①②

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?

A.Peoplewillstopwearingfacemasksinrecentyears.

B.Facemaskscanbeblowntoafarplaceinashorttime.

C.Facemaskscanbemadeintootherthingssoon.

D.Ittakesalongtimeforfacemaskstodisappear.

27.Howdoesthewritershowtheharmoflitteredfacemasksonanimals?

A.Bygivingreasons.B.Bylistingnumbers.

C.Bygivingexamples.D.Byaskingquestions.

28.Whatcanweinfer（推断）fromthepassage?

A.Animalsliketoplaywithmasks.

B.Facemasksareonlybadforanimals.

C.Facemaskscanbeburiedundertheground.

D.Whetherfacemasksaregoodornotdependsonhowpeopledealwiththem.

29.Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthispassage?

A.Inastorybook.B.Inatravelguide.

C.Inasportsnewspaper.D.Inanenvironmentalmagazine.

08

（2022上•安徽六安•九年级统考期末）Canplantstalk?Modemresearchhasfoundsomethingamazing:they

do30witheachother.

Ithasbeenknownthatplantsusechemicals（化学物质）tocommunicatewitheachother.Thishappens31

aplantgetsattacked（攻击）byinsects.Theplant32chemicalsfromtheleavesthatarebeingeaten.Thisis

likeawarning,oracallforhelp.Whenanotherplantgetsthechemicals,itstartstogiveoutitsownchemicals.Some

ofthesechemicalsdriveinsectsaway.Othersattract（吸弓I）the33.Thebeeskilltheinsects.

More34,plantshaveanamazingsystemofcommunicationthatcanconnectnearlyevery35

inaforest.Scientistscallthissystemthe“woodwideweb”.Thewoodwidewebconnectsdifferentplantstoeach

other.Usingthewoodwideweb,plantscan36informationandevenfoodwitheachother.However,some

plantsmayuseitto37chemicalstoattackotherplants.Perhapsonedayscientistswilllearnhowtocreate

a"firewall“tohelp38theseattackswithinthewoodwideweb.

Scientistsarestudyingtolearnmoreaboutthesecret39plantstalktoeachother.Maybeonedaywe

willknowenoughabouttheircommunicationsothatweareableto"talk"withthemourselves.

30.A.agreeB.fightC.communicateD.grow

31.A.andB.whenC.orD.so

32.A.givesupB.givesinC.givesoutD.givesaway

33.A.beesB.rabbitsC.bearsD.lions

34.A.heavilyB.smoothlyC.usuallyD.surprisingly

35.A.animalB.plantC.woodD.flower

36.A.searchB.receiveC.shareD.collect

37.A.spreadB.sellC.storeD.trade

38.A.startB.planC.leadD.stop

39.A.voicesB.wordsC.waysD.languages

09

(2022上.山东淄博.九年级统考期末)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括

号内单词的正确形式。

InWesterncountries,peopleareusedtodrinkingcoldwaterwhenthey're40(thirst).Andtheyalways

receiveaglassofcoldwateralongsidetheirmealsatarestaurant.41inChinawewouldgetacupofsteaming

hotwaterorteainstead.Wedrinkhotwaterinfour42(season),nomatterwhattheweatherislike.Ifssaid

thatChinesepeople43(drink)hotwatersincethousandsofyearsago.Beforethe44(twenty)century

drinkinghotwaterwasthemaintreatment,especiallyduringwars.Anddrinkingraw(生的)waterwasasymbol

45lowsocialstatus(地位).Thescholarsandrichpeoplealwaysdranktea.Later,teabecamearare(稀有的)

productafteryearsofwar,sothey46(natural)gotintothehabitofdrinkingboiledwater.

AccordingtoChinesemedicine,ourbodyhastwosourcesofenergy-YinandYang.IfYangbecomestoostrong,

ourbodytemperaturewillgoup.Wefeel47(comfortable)andmaygetillnesses.Therefore,wehavetoreturn

ourbodytobalance.HotwaterisaYinbeverage,sowhenwe'resick,peoplearounduswilltellustodrinkalotof

hotwater.Inwinter,itisknowntobegoodtodrinkhotdrinksjust48(avoid)catchingcold.

SoifaforeignerinChinaasksforwater,there?sagoodchancethatheorshewill49(give)acupofhot

water.

参考答案：

1.D2.C3.B4.A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了洋葱的用途和营养价值，也提供了几种切洋葱不流泪的方法。

1.细节理解题。根据"Theyhavespecialchemicals(化学物质)thatimproveyourabilitytofightoffsicknessand

youhavefewerchancesofgettingadisease.”可知，洋葱能帮你战胜疾病是因为它们含有特别的化学物质。故

选D。

2.细节理解题。根据"Whenyoucutintoanonion,irritatingchemicalsinsidetheonionwillgetintotheair.They

touchyourwholeevesandcausepain.Youreyesmaketearstowashawaythechemicalsandprotectyoureyes.“可

知，当你切洋葱时，洋葱内部的刺激性化学物质会进入空气中。它们会触摸你的整个眼睛，引起疼痛。你

的眼睛会分泌眼泪来洗掉化学物质，保护你的眼睛。故选C。

3.细节理解题o根据“•Cuttheonionunderrunningwater.•Useafantoblowairovertheonionasyoucutit.

•Puttheonioninafridgeforanhourbeforecutting.”可知，可以在流水下切洋葱；切洋葱时，可以用电风扇

在上面吹气；也可以把洋葱放在冰箱里一小时后再切。故选项①②④符合题意，故选B。

4.推理判断题。本文主要介绍了洋葱的用途和营养价值，也提供了几种切洋葱不流泪的方法。由此可推

测出，我们可以在杂志的生活与健康栏看到这篇文章。故选A。

5.A6.D7.C8.B9.D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了筷子的历史以及和筷子的发明有关的三个传说，还介绍了制造筷

子的多种材料。

5.细节理解题。根据"OneisaboutJiangZiya.","AnotherisaboutDaJi."和"ThethirdoneisaboutDaYu.“可

知，文中一共提到了三个有关于筷子的传说。故选A。

6.细节理解题。根据"Whensmokecamefrombamboosticks,hefoundoutthathiswifewantedtouse

poisonous(有毒的)foodtokillhim”可知，想杀姜子牙的人是他的妻子。故选D。

7.词句猜测题。根据“…ortaste”可知，空处的单词和taste“味道”是并列关系，由此可推知。dor的含义是

“气味”。故选C。

8.细节理解题o根据“Bamboohasbeenthemostpopularmaterialusedforchopsticksbecauseitisinexpensive,

easy-to-get,resistant（有抵抗力的）toheat,andhasnoterribleodorortaste.“可知，竹子用来做筷子的原因

有：价格便宜、易获得、耐热，并且没有糟糕的气味或味道。选项B“竹子长得很快”不是用来做筷子的原

因。故选B。

9.推理判断题。本文主要介绍了筷子的历史以及和筷子的发明有关的三个传说，还介绍了制造筷子的多

种材料。因此可推知本文的写作目的是给我们介绍一些和筷子有关的信息。故选D。

10.C11.B12.D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了人类进化过程中脸部的变化。

10.细节理解题。根据"Humanfaces,likeclockfaces,arealsochanging.Andlikeclocks,thechangestakeplace

tooslowlytobenoticed.”可知，人脸，就像钟面一样，也在变化，像时钟一样，这些变化发生得太慢以至于

无法被注意到，即因为人脸变化的太慢，所以变化几乎没有被注意到。故选C。

11.推理判断题。根据“Oneofthemainreasonsforthisisthewayinwhichwecannowcontrolpartsofnature.

Hundredsofthousandsofyearsago,allchangeswerenatural,butnowwecanactivelychoosewaysforourown

evolution."可知，数十万年前，所有的变化都是自然的，可推测人脸过去是自然变化的。故选B。

12.细节理解题。根据"Butwithsuchhugechangesinourenvironment,itseemslikelythatwewilllookvery

differentinthefixture.”可知，随着我们的环境发生巨大的变化，人类看起来会和现在不一样。故选D。

13.D14.B15.D16.C

【导语】本文主要通过《白雪公主》的故事引出有毒的苹果的话题。

13.细节理解题。根据"Infact,apples,alongwithmanycommonfruitsweeatarealreadypoisonous!”可知这里

通过白雪公主的故事，来引出苹果有毒的话题。故选D。

14.细节理解题。根据“Theseedsandpits（果核）ofallthesefruitscontainachemicalcalledamygdalin（苦杏仁

昔）.”可知苦杏仁昔存在于蔷薇科树的种子和果核中。因此图中果核部分含有苦杏仁甘。故选B。

15.词义猜测题。根据"Amygdalintastesterrible.Ifsalsofoundinleavesandotherpartsoffruittrees.Ifadeer

orcowchewsonappleleaves,itgetsanastytasteandanupsetstomach.^^o可知植物含有苦杏仁昔是为了防止

动物吃掉它们，因此划线单词的意思是吃。故选D

16.细节理解题。根据"Butcowsandotheranimalsoftenchewupseedsalongwiththefruit,sotheycangetsick

fromeatingapplesandplumsthatfalltotheground.”可知如果动物吃了果核和种子会生病。因此C选项是不

正确的。故选C。

17.C18.D19.C20.C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了20世纪70年代，一位名叫J.P.Guilford的心理学家进行了

一项著名的关于创造力的研究，名为“九点谜题”，这让Guilford得出了一个笼统的结论：创造力需要你跳

出框框。但是后来有人通过研究证明这个结论是一个误导。

17.细节理解题o根据“Howdopeoplethinkdifferently?Thishasalwaysbeenunusual.Tosearchananswer,a

scientistnamedJ.P.Guilfordstartedafamousstudyofcreativityinthe1970s,knownasthenine-dotpuzzle（九点

谜题”'可知，“九点谜题”这项研究主要关注的是人们是如何用不同的方法思考的，故选Co

18.细节理解题。根据"TomakesurethatGuilford'sstudyiscorrect,bothteamsdividedparticipantsintotwo

groups.”可知，这两支研究队做实验的目的是为了再次验证Guiford研究的正确性，故选D。

19.推理判断题。根据"Thesecondgroupwastoldtodrawthelinesoutsidetheimaginedbox.Guesswhat?Only

alittlemoret