江苏省扬州市广陵区扬州中学2023-2024学年高一下学期5月月考英语试题

2023-2024学年度第二学期阶段练习高一英语（本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟）第一部分听力（共两节，每小题1.5分，满分30分）第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whokeepsthepennow?A.Louise. B.Julie. C.Mark.2.Whendothespeakersusuallyplaytennis?A.OnMonday. B.OnTuesday C.OnFriday.3.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeel?A.Frightened. B.Relaxed. C.Amused.4.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Orderataxi.B.Takeadifferenttrain.C.Rescheduletheinterview.5.Howmanytimesdidthewomancalltheman?A.Five. B.Four. C.Three.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。6.Whatisthemainideaoftheconversation?A.Recallingameeting.B.Discussingashow.C.Mistakingidentity.7.Howdoesthemanknowofthewoman?A.FromTV.B.Fromaparty.C.Fromschool.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatdoesthewomandislike?A.Cheese.B.Yogurt.C.Cream.9.Whatdoesthemansuggest?A.Payingthebill.B.Tryingsomeicecream.C.Goingsomewhereelse.10.Wherearethespeakers?A.Athome. B.Inashop. C.Inarestaurant.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。11.Whichbookhastheboylost?A.AnEnglishbook.B.Ahistorybook.C.Asciencebook.12.Whymighttheboy'sbrotherhavetakenthebook?A.Heisinterestedinit.B.Heislearningthesubject.CHeisusingitforanexam.13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Roommates.C.Motherandson.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。14.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Chairingameeting.B.HostingaTVprogram.C.Givingalecture.15.Whatisthemancooking?A.Apie. B.Asteak. C.Vegetablesoup.16.What'sthewoman'seatinghabit?A.Sheeatsanything.B.Shedoesnoteatanymeat.C.Shedoesnoteatcertainmeats.17.Whatcolorwillthefoodbewhenready?A.Red. B.Black. C.Goldenbrown.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.Whatdoesthespeakerhaveincommonwiththelisteners?A.Theyworkinsimilarfields.B.Theyshareasimilardream.C.Theyattendedthesameschool.19.Whatwillthespeakerdotohelpthelisteners?A.Inventnewproducts.B.Offerjobopportunities.C.Startbook-sellingwebsites.20.Whatisthepurposeofthespeech?A.Tointroducehimself.B.Tomotivatenewuniversitygraduates.C.Toofferinspirationtonewemployees.第二部分阅读理解（共两节；满分50分）第一节单项选择（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）APeoplewithfixedmindsetsbelievethat:●Skill,intelligenceandtalentsarenatural.●Failureisshamefulandshouldbeavoided.●Somepeoplearenaturallygoodatthingswhileothersnot.●Youarenotincontrolofyourabilities.Peoplewithgrowthmindsetsbelievethat:●Youhavethecapacitytolearnandgrowyourskills.●Failureisavaluablelesson.●Peoplewhoaregoodatsomethingaregoodbecausetheybuildthatability.●Youareincontrolofyourabilities.haveadesiretolooksmart,sotendto:—Avoidchallenges.—Giveupeasily.—Seeeffortasfruitlessorworse.—Ignoreusefulnegativefeedback.—Feelthreatenedbythesuccessofothers.haveadesiretolearn,sotendto:—Embracechallenges.—Persistinthefaceofsetbacks.—Seeeffortasthepathtomastery.—Learnfromcriticism.—Findlessonsandinspirationinthesuccessofothers.Asaresult,theymaystayatthesamelevelearlyandachievelessthantheirfullpotential.Asaresult,theyreachever-higherlevelsofachievement.Changecanbetough,butI'veneverheardanyonesayitwasn'tworthit.Didchangingtoagrowthmindsetsolveallmyproblems?No.ButIknowthatIhaveadifferentlifebecauseofit—aricherone.Thebook“mindset”isintendedto________.tellreadersthattwodifferentmindsetsleadtodifferentresultsillustratethatpeoplewithdifferentmindsetsholddifferentbeliefshelpreadersbelievepeopleactdifferentlywhenfacingchallengespersuadepeopletolearntochangesoastoenjoyamorefruitfullife22.Generallyspeaking,peoplewithfixedmindsetsaremostly________.A.successfulB.straightforwardC.intelligent D.narrow-minded23.Apersonwithagrowthmindsetislikelytosay________.A.“IfIwin,I'llbesomebody;ifIlose,I'llbenobody.”B.“Tobegoodatsports,youneedtobenaturallygifted.”C.“Learntechniquesandskillsandpracticethemregularly,andyouwillalwaysimprove.”D.“Youhaveacertainlevelofabilityinsportsandyoucannotreallydomuchtochangeit.”BTheyear2023marksthe102thanniversaryofNoether'sringtheory,abranchoftheoreticalmathematicsthatisstillfascinatingandchallengingnumerousmathematicianstoday.Neotherwasbornin1882inGermany,whosefatherwasamathprofessor,butitmusthaveseemedunlikelytotheyoungNeotherthatshewouldfollowinhisfootstepsbecausewomenwerebannedfromacademiaandfewtookclassesatuniversities.AfterNeothergraduatedfromahighschoolforgirls,ErlangenUniversitystartedtoletwomenenroll.Shesignedupandearnedherdoctorateinmathematics,whichshouldhavebeentheendofhermathematicaljourney.Teachingatauniversityforwomenwasstilloutofthequestion.ButNeotherstuckwithmathematicsanyway,stayinginErlangenandunofficiallyguidingdoctoralstudentswithoutpay.In1915,sheappliedforapositionattheUniversityofGottingen.BillNicholl,thedeanattheuniversity,alsoamathematician,wasinfavorofhiringNeother,althoughhisargumentwasfarfromfeminist(女权主义).“Thefemalebrainisunsuitableformathematicalproduction,”hewrote,“butNeotherstoodoutasoneoftherareexceptions.”UnfortunatelyforNeother,theMinistryofEducationwouldnotgivetheuniversitypermissiontohaveawomanastheirteacher.NeotherstayedinGottingenandtaughtcourseslistedunderthenameofamalefacultyteacher.Duringthoseyears,shekeptdoingresearchandmadeimportantcontributionstotheoreticalphysicsandEinstein'stheoryofrelativity.Theuniversityfinallygrantedherlecturerstatus.Twoyearslater,Neotherpublishedrevolutionarydiscoveriesinringtheory,whichisthestudyofmathematicalobjectscalledrings.Neotherianringsshowupallthetimeinmodernmathematics.MathematiciansstilluseNeother'smaptoday,notjustinringtheory,butinotherareasuchasnumbertheoryandalgebraicgeometry.24.WhatdowelearnaboutNeotherfromparagraph2?A.Shetaughtatuniversityasateacher. B.Sheearnedadegreeinmathematics.C.Shewastaughtbyherfatherathome D.Shequithermathematicaljourneyearly.25.WhatcanweinferfromBillNicholl'swords?A.Hewasstrugglingforfeminist. B.Females'brainsdifferedfrommales'.C.Neotherwasagiantinmathematics. D.Womenmathematiciansweresuperb.26.WhatdoweknowaboutNoether'sringtheory?A.Itisstillusedbymathematicianstoday.B.Itopensupanewfieldinmodernphysics.C.ItisbasedonEinstein'stheoryofrelativity.D.Itlaysthefoundationformodernmathematics.27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeNoether?A.Giftedandgenerous. B.Sensitiveanddetermined.C.Committedandcreative. D.Hardworkingandhonest.CForwantofachip,thefactorywaslost.OnMay18thToyotabecamethelatestcarmakerforcedtocutproductioninaglobalshortageofmicrochips,announcingitwouldstopworkattwoofitsplantsinJapan.Othercarmakershavealsohadtosendworkershome.Thepainisnotlimitedtothecarindustry,fortheshortagespansallsortsofchips,fromtheexpensive,high-techdevicesthatpowersmartphonesanddata-centerstothesimplesensorsandmicro-controllersthathavebecomeavitalcommodity(商品).Thischipdroughtistheresultofthecovid-19pandemicinteractingwithanindustrythatissubjecttocyclesofboomandbust.“Themostimportantthing”,saysMalcolmPenn,whorunsachip-industryconsultancy,“isthatshortagesareanaturalpartoftheindustry.”Chipmakingisagoodexampleofa“pork-cycle”business,namedfortheregularswingsbetweenunder-andover-supplyinporkmarkets.Aswithpigs,thesupplyofchipscannotquicklyreacttochangesindemand.Capacitywastightevenbeforethepandemic,saysMrPenn,pointingoutthatinvestmentbychipmakersinfactoryequipmenthasbeenbelowitslong-termaverageformanyyears.Thepandemicarrivedattheworstpossibletime.Afteranearlycrash,demandinseveralfieldsboomed.Locked-downconsumersboughtlaptopsandotherdevices.Cloud-computingoperatorsaddedserverstodealwiththewaveofhome-workers.Thecarindustrywasparticularlybadlyhitbyadecisiontocutordersearlyinthepandemic—demandforcarshassincerecovered.Butthecomplexitiesoftheproductionprocessmeanittakestimetorecover.“Icancancelmyordersinanafternoon,”saysMr.Penn.“IfIwanttostartthemupagain,thattakesmonths—andthatcapacityisnowbusyservingothercustomers.”Buttheporkcycleisturningonceagain.TaiwanSemiconductorManufacturingCompany,theworld'sbiggestchipmaker,planstospend$30bnonnewcapacitythisyear.Twoothergiants,havealsodecidedonfurtherinvestment.Thatwillbringrelieftothewidereconomy,butnotimmediately.ThebossofIBMsaidhethoughttheshortagesmightlastfortwoyears.And,saysMrPenn,whenthedroughteventuallyends,chipmakersmayfindtheyfaceafamiliarproblemonabiggerscale:acapacityinvestmentinresponsetoseriousshortagestodaycouldwellmeanasizeablesurplus(过剩)tomorrow.Howdoestheauthorillustratethecyclicalnatureofchipmakinginparagraph3?A.Byreferringtoaquotation. B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Bydrawingaconclusion. D.Bypresentinganargument.29.Whatmaytheinvestmentmentionedinparagraph5eventuallyleadto?A.Improvedsupplychainstability. B.Timelyassistancetothebusiness.C.Economicgrowthinrelatedsectors. D.Possiblefutureoversupplyofchips.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Productioncapacitywouldrecoversoon.B.Acombinationofreasonsledtochipshortage.C.Aninvestmentof$30bnwasenoughfortheproblem.D.Toyotawasthefirstcarmakertosuspendproduction.31.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Loading,pleasewait B.Dying,pleaseactC.Calling,pleaserespond D.Over-supplying,pleasestopDInhis1936workHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople,DaleCarnegiewrote:“Ihavecometotheconclusionthatthereisonlyonewaytogetthebestofanargument—andthatistoavoidit.”Thisdistasteforargumentsiscommon,butitdependsonamistakenviewofargumentsthatcausesproblemsforourpersonalandsociallives—andinmanywaysmissesthepointofarguinginthefirstplace.Carnegiewouldberightifargumentswerefights,whichishowweoftenthinkofthem.Likephysicalfights,verbal(言语的)fightscanleavebothsidesbloodied.Evenwhenyouwin,youendupnobetteroff.Youwouldbefeelingalmostasbadifargumentswereevenjustcompetitions—like,say,tennistournaments.Pairsofopponentshittheballbackandforthuntilonewinnercomesoutfromallwhoentered.Everybodyelseloses.Thiskindofthinkingexplainswhysomanypeopletrytoavoidarguments.However,therearewaystowinanargumenteverytime.Whenyoustateyourposition,formulate(阐述)anargumentforwhatyouclaimandhonestlyaskyourselfwhetheryourargumentisanygood.Whenyoutalkwithsomeonewhotakesastand,askthemtogiveyouareasonfortheirviewandspellouttheirargumentfully.Assessitsstrengthandweakness.Raiseobjectionsandlistencarefullytotheirreplies.Thismethodwillrequireeffort,butpracticewillmakeyoubetteratit.Thesetoolscanhelpyouwineveryargument—notintheunhelpfulsenseofbeatingyouropponentsbutinthebettersenseoflearningaboutwhatdividespeople,learningwhytheydisagreewithusandlearningtotalkandworktogetherwiththem.Ifwereadjustourviewofarguments—fromaverbalfightortennisgametoareasonedexchangethroughwhichweallgainrespectandunderstandingfromeachother—thenwechangetheverynatureofwhatitmeansto“win”anargument.32.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardCarnegie’sunderstandingofargument?A.Critical.B.Supportive.C.Tolerant.D.Uncertain.33.Whydomanypeopletrytoavoidarguments?A.Theylackdebatingskills.B.Theymayfeelbadeveniftheywin.C.Theyfearbeingignored.D.Theyarenotconfidentinthemselves.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“spellout”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Defend.B.Explain.C.Conclude.D.Repeat.35.Whatisthekeyto“winning”anargumentaccordingtotheauthor?A.Senseoflogic.B.Solidsupportingevidence.C.Propermanners.D.Understandingfrombothsides.第二节七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。CanWeStopFoodLongingThroughImaginaryEating?Areyoufightinganurgetoreachforchocolate?Then,letitmeltinyourmind,notinyourmouth.Accordingtotherecentresearch,imaginingeatingaspecificfoodreducesyourinterestinthatfood,soyoueatlessofit.Thisreactiontorepeatedexposuretofood—beinglessinterestedinsomethingbecauseyou'veexperiencedittoomuch—iscalledhabituation.36Theresearchisthefirsttoshowthathabituationcanoccurthroughthepowerofthemind.“Ifyoujustthinkaboutthefooditself—howittastesandsmells—thatwillincreaseyourappetite,”saidCareyMorewedge,awell-knownpsychologist.“Itmightbebettertoforceyourselftorepeatedlythinkaboutchewingandswallowingthefoodinordertoreduceyourlonging.37Visualizingyourselfeatingchocolatewouldn’tpreventyoufromeatinglotsofcheese.”headded.Morewedgeconductedaninterestingexperiment.51subjectsweredividedintothreegroups.Onegroupwasaskedtoimagineputting30coinsintoalaundrymachineandtheneatingthreechocolates.38Anothergroupwasaskedtoimagineputtingthreecoinsintoalaundrymachineandtheneating30chocolates.Lastly,acontrolgroupimaginedjustputting33coinsintothemachine—withnochocolates.39Whentheysaidtheyhadfinished,theseweretakenawayandweighed.Theresultsshowedthegroupthathadimaginedeating30chocolateseachatefewerofthechocolatesthantheothergroups.40Physicalsignals—thatfullstomachfeeling—areonlypartofwhattellsuswe'vefinishedameal.Theresearchsuggeststhatpsychologicaleffects,suchashabituation,alsoinfluencehowmuchapersoneats.Itmayleadtonewbehavioraltechniquesforpeoplelookingtoeatmorehealthily,orhavecontroloverotherhabits.A.What'smore,thisonlyworkswiththespecificfoodyou’veimagined.B.Peoplewereadvisedtotrydifferentmethodstoperformtheexperiment.C.Forexample,atenthbiteisdesiredlessthanthefirstbite,accordingtothestudy.D.Allofthemthenatefreelyfrombowlscontainingthesameamountofchocolateeach.E.Itmeantthosewhorepeatedlyimaginedeatingwouldconcernaboutsomespecificfood.F.Thisrequiresthesamemotorskillsaseatingsmallchocolatesfromapacket,thestudysays.G.Thisstudyispartoftheresearchlookingintowhatmakesuseatmorethanweactuallyneed.第三部分语言运用（共四节；满分55分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AlongthecoastlineinnortheasternAustralia,manyflyingfoxesareinfectedwitha41disease.That’swherePamTullycomesin.Many42flyingfoxesfallfromthetreesanddie.Pamwalksmilesintherainforest,43babiesstillclinging(依偎)totheirdyingmothers.It’svery44work.Pamreliesonafewvolunteerstohelprescuetheflyingfoxesduringthemigrationseason.CanacecamefromAmericatolendahandtoherauntPam,andto45somekindofpurposeinlifeafterhermotherpassedaway.PamtaughtCanaceto46thebabyflyingfoxes,keepthemwrappedinnappies,nursethembacktohealthandtakethembackintothe47torejointheirfamilies.Dayafterday,PamledCanace48therainforest,collectingbabiesandbringingthembacktotheshedwheretheywere49byananimaldoctor,fedeverytwohoursbybottleandeventaughttofly.Eachflyingfoxreleasedbackintothewildwasa50.Andeachtimeone51away,thelossCanacefeltseemedjustalittlebitless.Wenever52getoverthelossofalovedone,butwhenwetakecareofa53creature,or54tosomebodyelsewhoishurting,thewound55justalittlebit,andthehurtbecomesamemoryofbeingloved.D.wildernessA.deepens第二节短文填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Thetime­consumingprocessofcarvingastone,whilekeepingitsnaturalanduniquebeauty,canbecompared__56__aneducationthathelpseachindividualpupilachievetheirfullpotential.Astheplace__57__the“fourtreasuresofthestudy”，namely—thebrush,inkstick,paperandinkstone—originated,Anhuihashadatraditionofpushingeducationtotheforefrontsinceancienttimes.Theinkstones__58__(produce)inAnhui’sShexiancountyarewell­knownfortheirabilitytokeeptheinkwetforalongtimeandtheir__59__(amazing)detailedpatterns.Makingaqualityinkstonerequirescloseattentiontodetail,greatskillandpassionfortraditionalculture.TheseareallcharacteristicsthatHuQiusheng,__60__inkstonecarverandengraver(雕刻师)inShexian,__61__(pursue)andpasseddowninhisfamilyallthetime.__62__fourdecadesofhandworkhasdeformed(变形)hisfingers,Huhaswonmanyawardsinthefieldofcraftsandfinearts.Hisowncompany,oneofthecountry’s__63__(lead)inkstoneproducers,hasalsosponsored__64__(competition)thatencourageyoungergenerationsofinkstonemakers__65__(display)theirskillsandfurtherdevelopthecraft.第三节语法填空（共5小题，每题1分，满分5分）阅读下面的句子，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselves________(lose)forwords.Heisthought________(act)foolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.Atlast,wehadanarrowescape,fortunatelyescaping________(hurt)bythepolarbear.________(experience)quiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,Ididn’ttakemuchnotice.Theyoungmanleftthatcity,never________(hear)fromagain.第四节单词填空（共5小题，每题1分，满分5分）阅读下面的句子，根据首字母在空白处填入单词的正确形式（请在答题卡上写全单词形式）。Moreandmorepeopleareusingmobiledevicestoa________theInternet.Manyworkersareq________becauseofpoorpay.Thebaseballgamewasp________untiltomorrowbecauseofrain.Smokingisnotp________inthebuilding.Itookapilltor________myheadache.第五节完成句子(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)根据所给汉语句子，在空格里填上合适的单词，使整个句子句意完整，语法正确；每空一词，错一空分全扣。整个事件很不光彩，亟须彻查。Thisisadisgracefulstateofaffairsand________________________athoroughinvestigation.然而，这种牺牲将达不到目的。However,thissacrificewouldfailto________________________.他不会让情绪妨碍自己的工作。Hewouldn’tallowemotionsto________________________________ofhimdoinghisjob.没有提到受害人的姓名。Thevictimswerenot________________byname.桑德拉决心成为医生，她的坚持取得了成功。Sandrawasdeterminedtobecomeadoctorandherpersistence________________.许多医学发现都是经过反复试验得出的。Manymedicaldiscoveriesweremade________________________________.我们认为知识进展迅速是理所当然的。Wemay________________________________thatknowledgeadvancesrapidly.美国人已经开始缩减开支，不只是缩减诸如旅游,娱乐或新车。Americanshave________________________spending,andnotjustforthingsliketravelandentertainment,ornewcar