2024年中考英语复习 名词与冠词语法笔记

2024年中考英语复习名词与冠词语法笔记

模块导航

.模块一名词的分类

・模块二名词的单复数

・模块三修饰可数名词的词和词组

・模块四中考常见不可数名词

・模块五修饰不可数名词的词和词组

・模块六名词的所有格

・模块七名词的性

・模块八冠词的分类

・模块九不定冠词的用法

・模块十定冠词的用法

・模块十一零冠词的用法

・模块十二2022、2023年各省市中考真题综合训练

模块一名词的分类

A.专有名词：具体的人、地、物、机构、团体、月份和节日等专有

的名词

如：AlfredNobel,Africa,February

名

a可数

词可以用数字计数的名词，如boy,chair

B.普通名名词

词b不可1）物质名词：如fire,wood,air,water

数名词2）抽象名词：如information,advice,courage

模块二

1.单数变复数的一般规则，请将下列单词变为复数形式：

构成方法例词

一般在词尾加-shorse—horsesmile—miles

以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的词加-esbox-boxesglass-glasses

brush—brushes

以o结尾的词加-有生命加-eshero—heroes

s或-espotato-potatoes

Negro—Negroes

无生命加-Sphoto—photos

piano-pianos

zoo-zoos

特例motto一mottos/mottoes,*kangaroo­

kangaroos,volcano-volcanoes

以-y结尾的以军年音字母加-y结battery—batteries

词尾并词，变y为i,country—countries

加YJS

以元音字母加-y结monkey—monkeysday-

尾的词直接加-sdays

以-f或-fe结f,fe变为v再加-eswolf—wolveswife—wives

尾的词个别词直接加-Sroof—roofsbelief—beliefs

scarf-scarves/scarfs

2.特殊变化有下列情况:

manmenmediummedia

RomanRomanschildchildren

womanwomenmousemice

businesswomanbusinesswomenoxoxen

goosegeesefootfeet

GermanGermanstoothteeth

>TherearemanymendoctorsinthedepartmentofObstetricsandGynecology.（妇产科）

▼Attention/

man/woman男人、女人双变原则

amannursesomemennursesawomandoctorwomendoctors

boyfriendsmaidservantswomenservantsladydrivers

3,单复数同形的情况

sheep­Chinese-Chinesemeans­species-craft及由・

sheepmeansspeciescraft

（spacecrafts

deer-deerJapanese-Swiss-Swissseries-series

）构成

Japaneseaircraft

的名词

Theonlymeanstoachievesuccessistoappealtolaw（诉诸法律）.

Allmeanshavebeentriedouttoincreaseagriculturalproduction.

4.单复数特别用法：

a.word的特别用法：

不可数名词新闻、消息、、承诺

word

可数名词词、话语

★小试身手★

1)Wordhasitthatsheisleaving,(wordhasitthat是惯用语用法，表示有消息说，eg.Legendhasit

that……有传说说【学生版不出现】)

有消息传来

2)Pleasesendmewordofyoursafearrival.

通知我

3)Theyaskedhimtoleave,inotherwords,hewasfired.

换句话来说

4)Helikestospreadthewordabouttheimportanceofhealthyeating.

宣传

★习惯用语★

keep/breakone's履行诺言/inotherwords换句话说

word食言

leaveword留言eatone'swords承认错误（收

回某人的话）

amanofhisword信守诺言的thelastwords

人

wordfor/byword逐字逐句地wasteone'swords白费口舌

inaword总之haveafewwords/awordwithsb与某人谈谈

5.单复数用法的其他特殊情况：

>比较：CDs(CDzs)SomeVIPs(someVIP/s)Inthe1990s(1990zs)

6.-"S"之差，谬以千里

paper纸papers考卷

good好的goods货物

letter信件letters文学（作品）

look看looks外表

glass杯子glasses眼镜

green绿色greens绿叶蔬菜

custom风俗customs海关

time时间times时代

sand沙sands沙滩

iron铁irons脚镣

drink喝drinks饮品

force武力forces军队

spirit精神spirits精力/态度

work工作works工厂/作品

7.固定词组用复数

inhighspiritsasfollowstaketurnshurtone'sfeelingsinrags

兴致高昂如下轮流伤害感情衣衫褴褛

模块三修饰可数名词的词和词组

请翻译下列词组:

一群人agroup/crowdof一两天acoupleofdays

people

一些亲戚(a)fewrelatives几台电脑somecomputers

大量的乘alargenumberof很多记者alotof/lotsofreporters

客passengers

很多地方manyplaces顶尖学生中oneofthetopstudents

的一个

数以百年hundredsofyears数以千年thousandsofyears

数以万年tensofthousandsof两千年twothousandyears

years

一副眼镜/一双鞋/一条裤子/一把apairof

剪刀glasses/shoes/trousers/scissors

模块四1中考常见不可数名词O

忠告advice天气weather麻烦trouble

黄油butter空气air乐趣fun

玻璃Glass损坏damage草grass

作业Homework家务活housework钱money

信息information冰ice纸paper

知识knowledge新闻news交通traffic

★真题试炼★

1.选择

1)Inancient___Cpeoplehadtodoheavylabourbecauseatthattherewerenomodern

machines.

A.time,timeB.times,times

C.times,timeD.time,times

2)Thestudentsdon'tfindmuch_Baboutthetopiconthatwebsite.

A.reportB.information

C.articleD.story

3)Wouldyoulikeapudding?Goandbringmealittle_A___andIwillmakeoneforyou.

A.bowlB.applesC.chalkD.shampoo

2.填空

1)Alectureonbiologywasmadebya__Japanese__professoryesterdaymorning.(Japan)

2)Wetookmany_photoswhenwetravelledinXinjianglastsummer,(photo)

3)Thisisthefirstyeartolearnthenewsubject--—chemistry.(chemical)

4)Theowneroftheshopisonholidaywithhisfamily,(own)

5)After30years,histwinbrother'ssudden_arrival_broughthimagreatsurprise,(arrive)

模块五修饰不可数名词的词和词组

铁的原则：不可数名词与（可数）量词连用=可数（对量词的数变化）

请用量词+不可数名词的形式翻译下列词组：

一件衣服/家具anarticle/pieceofclothing/furniture

两块巧克力/肥皂twobarsofchocolate/soap

一瓶墨水/牛奶/酒abottleofink/milk/wine

一点食物(a)littlefood

一些工作/建议somework/advice

很多新闻alotof/lotsofnews

大量信息hugeamountsofinformation

▼AttentionY

"万能搭"apieceof：

advice/bread/cake/chalk/cloth/clothing/equipment/furniture/information/kindness/land/news/paper/

wood/work

可数名词与不可数名词修饰量词表

只能修饰可数名词只能修饰不可数名词可数/不可数名词均可修饰

alarge/huge/greatagreatdealofplentyof/

numberofalargeamountofalotof

thenumberoftheamountoflotsof/

dozensofhugeamountsofalargequantityof

scoresofalargesumof(一大笔)quantitiesof(谓语动词用复

hundredsof(a)little数)

(a)fewabitthequantityof

severalmuch

many(a)

★真题试炼★

1)_Bpeoplecomefromallpartsofthecountrytoseetheexhibition.

A.Alotsof,haveB.Alargenumberof,have

C.Much,hasD.Hugeamountsof,has

2)studentsofourschool_morethanonethousand.

A.Anumberof,areB.Anumberof,is

C.Thenumberof,areD.Thenumberof,is

★区分总结★

度量衡单位的原则(单复数变化)：

中国度量衡one/fivetwo/fourJiaothreeJintenmu

yuan

外国度量衡3dollars15pounds20miles12kilometers

模块六1名词的所有格o

总体规律：名词所有格有三种形式：S所有格，of所有格和同时具备前两种格的双重所有格。

1.-_S所有格：

一般是在词尾，若原词已有复数词尾-S,则只要在-s后加C）

>David'scarmybrother'snotebookmysisters'toy

Children'sDayWomen'sDaythePeople/sSquare

2.of所有格：这种所有格常用于无生命的东西。

a.theAofC名词拥有较长的定语。

>Thesoundofthechildrenplaying,thenameofthegirlstandingoutside,thecontributionofscienceand

technology

b.表示地理、机构、集体等的名词可用of或，s表所有格。

>Thepopulationofthecity或thecity'spopulation,theplanofthefamily或thefamily'splan等。

c.在某人的家或工作地

>atMrGreen'stomyuncle'satthetailor'satthedoctor's

▼Attention^

共有还是私藏

>JaneandMary'sfatherJane'sandTom'sfathers

3.双重所有格：abookofmyfriend'ssomefriendsofhisfather*s

a.双重所有格中的第二个名词总是指人，不指物。

>apageofthebook's（X）

应改为apageofthebook.

b.双重所有格中的第一个名词常有不定冠词（a/an）或that等词，而第二个名词总是特指

the。

thefriendofthedoctor's（错）

afriendofthedoctor's（对）

thatfriendofmybrother's（V）

VAttentionV

>apictureofmysister's（画是我姐姐的）

apictureofmysister（画中人是我姐姐）

在用4和of皆可表示名词所有格时，强调有别。

>China'sdevelopment（强调development）

ThedevelopmentofChina（强调China）

★真题试炼★

1）考题

_Aaretravellingabroad.

A.TheGreensB.TheGreen'sC.GreensD.Green's

2）考题

Tomandpeterliveinthesameflat.Itis_C.

A.SusanandBettyB.Susan'sandBetty

C.SusanandBetty'sD.Susan'sandBetty's

模块七名词的性

actoractresswaiterwaitress

headmasterheadmistresshosthostess

princeprincessemperorempress

godgoddessstewardstewardess

tigertigresslionlioness

★真题试炼★

1）考题

The_Bareplantingsomeintheschoolgardennow.

A.womanteachers...appletreesB.womenteachers...appletrees

C.womanteacher...applestreeD.womenteachers...applestrees

模块八

不定冠词（泛指）a用于辅音音素或半元音音素前

冠

an用于元音音素前

词

定冠词（特指）the

模块九

不定冠词a/an常表示泛指

1,泛指人或物

>Hewillbeateacherinfiveyears.

2.表示数量“一个”

>Thereisabookandtwopencilsonthedesk.

3.某些习惯用语中

>takealookhavearesthaveaswimgoonadiet

haveagoodtimemakeadecisionmakealiving

dosb.afavorgivesb.ahandinaminute

4.有些特殊情况中，专有名词前必须加不定冠词，表示具有某种特性的人或物、某一位不认识的人或某

个不确定的时间。

>IknowaLeonardo,butnotthefamousone.

我认识一个叫莱昂纳多的人，但不是有名气的那个。

模块十I定冠词的用法

1,用于上文已经提到过的事物前

>Givemethebook.

2,用于世界上独一无二的事物前

>theair,theearth,themoon,thesun,theworld,thesky,thesouth

VAttentionV

space（太空）前不用

3,用于形容词的比较级、最高级和序数词前

>Heisthetallerofthetwochildreninhisfamily.

（特殊讲解此处特殊的形容词比较级用法）

>thelargestroom,thesecondstory

4,用于西洋乐器前（中国乐器前不用加定冠词）

>playthepiano/guitar

>playzither/erhu

▼Attention^

a.序数词前有时也可以用不定冠词a（n）,表示“又一、再一”的泛指意义。

>Inspiteofthefirsttwofailures,hetriedathirdtime.

尽管前两次失败，他又试了第三次。

b.下列表达在序数词前习惯不用定冠词：

>Theyfellinloveatfirstsight.

他们一见钟情。

5,江河、海洋、山川、国家（全称）、组织、团体

请翻译下列的词组：

长江(The)Yangtze太平洋thePacificOcean

River

美国theUnitedStates中国共产党theCommunistPartyof

ofAmericaChina

北京宾BeijingHotel自由女神像theStatueofLiberty

馆

6.表时间和空间

a.空间：theeast,thewest,thesouth,thenorth,thefront,theback,theleft,therighto

>Theteacherseatedhispupilsinthebackoftheclassroom.

老师让学生们坐在教室后面。

b.时间：atthebeginningof在...初，inthemiddleof在...中，attheendof在...末尾，thepast

过去，thepresent现在

7.用于形容词或分词前表示一类人或事物，谓语动词用复数

穷人thepoor富人therich

老人theold年轻人theyoung

病人thesick死人thedead

盲人theblind伤者thewounded

好人thegood美人thebeautiful

不认识的人theunknown失业者theunemployed

残疾人thedisabled长者theelderly

8.动词+宾语+介词+the+身体部位

>Hetookthethiefbythehand.

>Theballhittheboyonthenose.

>Thewomanhitthemanintheface.

9.the+姓氏的复数表示这一家人

>TheTurnersaresittingatthebreakfasttable.

模块H—

1.称呼、头衔作表语、同位语、补语

>Heisheadoftheorganization.（头衔，表语）

2.学科、球类、棋类

>Doyoustudymaths?

>Helikesplayingfootball/chess.

3.By+n

a.表示交通工具，方式方法

>byair,bybus,bybike,bytrain,

takeabus,comeinaboat,onthetrain/bus,rideabike

b.依据……行事

>byweight

4.语言名称：

>Chinese,English,French

5.词组比较：（定冠词与零冠词用法）

inhospital住院inthehospital在医院

infrontof在前方inthefrontof在前部

outofquestion无疑的outofthequestion不可能的

attable进餐atthetable坐在桌子旁

模块十二、

________

1.（2022•黑龙江哈尔滨•统考中考真题）TheisChina'snationaltreasure.Ifsakindofcuteanimal

thatlikeseatingbamboo.

A.pandaB.tigerC.elephant

2.（2022・湖南湘西•统考中考真题）I'mnothungryatallbecauseIjustatemuch.

A.applesB.bananasC.bread

3.（2022•湖南益阳•统考中考真题）Look!Therearesomeeatinggrassonthehill.

A.sheepB.cowC.horse

4.（2022•广西桂林•统考中考真题）Billhasgottwo.

A.sisterB.brothersC.student

5.（2022•重庆•统考中考真题）Thisyear,thefamilywentcampingonDay,June1st.

A.ChildB.Child'sC.ChildrenD.Children's

6.（2022•湖南邵阳•统考中考真题）一Wouldyoulikesome?

——Yes,madam.

A.eggB.juiceC.milkteas

7.（2023•黑龙江哈尔滨•统考三模）一LucygotfivefromtherelativesonChildren'sDay.

一Howhappysheis.

A.toysB.toiesC.toy

8.（2023•黑龙江绥化•校考模拟预测）Weshouldprotectanimalsbecausetheyarefriendsof.

A.weB.ourC.ours

9.（2023•黑龙江哈尔滨•一模）,whichbecomesafestivalofrespectingtheoldpeople,lovingand

helpingtheoldinChina.

A.LanternFestival

B.DoubleNinthFestival

C.DragonBoatFestival

10.（2022•江苏淮安•统考中考真题）AuturmnisbestseasontovisittheGreatWallinChina.

A./B.aC.anD.the

11.（2022-四川•统考中考真题）Ihaveeggandacupofmilkforbreakfasteveryday.

A.不填B.theC.aD.an

12.（2022-西藏・统考中考真题）Myheadteacheralwaysteachesmetobehoneststudent.

A.theB./C.anD.a

13.（2022•青海•统考中考真题）GuAilingisexcellentsportsstar.Sheachievedherdreaminthe

2022WinterOlympicGames.

A.aB.anC./

14.（2022•内蒙古•中考真题）Ithinkplayingfootballisgoodwaytolearnthespiritof

teamwork.

A.a;theB./;aC.the;aD./;the

15.（2022•甘肃甘南•统考中考真题）Weknowthatthereis"U"intheword"usually”.

A.aB.anC.the

16.（2023•湖南郴州•统考中考真题）一I'dliketohelpkidswiththeirschoolwork.

一Youcouldvolunteerinafter-schoolstudyprogramtoteachthem.

A.theB.anC.a

17.（2023•湖南岳阳•统考中考真题）Yueyangisoneofthetop10mostbeautifulinChinathisyear.

A.cityB.citiesC.citys

18.（2023•湖南岳阳•统考中考真题）Hangzhouwillhold19thAsianGamesin2023.

A.aB.anC.the

19.（2023•黑龙江•统考中考真题）一Thesunisshining,andyou'dbettertakeumbrellawhenyougo

out.

一OK.It'susefulsuggestion.

A.an;theB.a;anC.an;a

20.（2023•吉林长春•统考中考真题）Jamesishard-workingengineer.Hisspiritencouragesus.

A.aB.anC.theD./

21.（2023•天津•统考中考真题）MymotherismakingapplepieandIwanttotrypiece.

A.a;anB.a;不填C.an;aD.an;不填

22.（2023•湖北十堰•统考中考真题）一DoyouknowJourneytotheWest?

-Yes.Ifsinterestingbook.Ilikeitverymuch.

A.aB.anC.theD./

23.（2023•山东青岛•统考中考真题）IwatchedTTze皿加如加gIIlastnight.Itiswonderful

film.

A.aB.anC.theD./

24.（2023•山东荷泽・统考中考真题）一Isthisyourpen?

-No,itisn't.redoneismine.

A.AB.AnC.The

25.（2023•江苏镇江•统考中考真题）ItissaidthatPandaYaYawillliverestofherlifeinher

hometown,China.

A.aB.anC.theD.不填

26.（2023•湖南郴州•统考中考真题）MyparentstookmetotheamusementparkonDay.Therewere

somanyexcitingthingstodothere.

A.Children'sB.ChildrenC.Child's

27.（2023•湖南益阳•统考中考真题）一Shallweplaysoccerthisafternoon?

——Soundsgood,butIdon'thavesoccer.

A.the;aB.a;theC./;a

28.（2023•湖南邵阳•统考中考真题）—Hi,WangLi,whoisMissDeng?

-MissDengis________niceteacherandsheisverypopularinourschool.

A.aB.anC./

29.（2022•甘肃定西•统考中考真题）TherangandPatansweredit.ItwashissoncallingfromNew

York.

A.telephoneB.doorbellC.clockD.bike

30.（2022•黑龙江绥化•统考中考真题）fatherisapilot.Hehasbeentomanycountriesaroundthe

world.

A.TonyandPeter9sB.Tony'sandPeterC.Tony'sandPeter9s

31.（2022•江苏徐州•统考中考真题）FrommyonthetopoftheTVtower,Icanhaveaperfectview

ofourcity.

A.traditionB.conditionC.positionD.situation

32.（2022•黑龙江哈尔滨•统考中考真题）一Therewillbetomorrow.Wecan,teatout.

-Well,wehavetostayathome.

A.rainyB.rainC.raining

33.（2023・湖南邵阳•统考中考真题）一Whatanimalsdidyouseeonthefarm,Tom?

-Isawsome.

A.rabbitB.ducksC.sheeps

34.（2023•黑龙江哈尔滨•统考模拟预测）一Howtimeflies!Ifstwosincewemetlast.

——Soitis.Imissyousomuch.

A.monthesB.monthsC.months5

35.（2023•黑龙江哈尔滨•校考二模）一Therewillbetomorrow.Wecanmakeasnowman.

一Soundsgreat.

A.snowB.snowyC.snowing

36.（2023•黑龙江哈尔滨•校考二模）WeChineseusuallyputthingsontheplatewhilepeopleinare

supposedtoputbreadonthetable.

A.JapanB.GermanyC.France

37.（2023•黑龙江绥化•模拟预测）“Thetrusthasbeenmygreatestsourceofstrength（力量源泉）

togoforwardandalsothegreatestresponsibilityonmyshoulders,9,ChinesePresidentXiJinpingsaid.

A.peopleB.people'sC.peoples

38.（2023•黑龙江哈尔滨・哈尔滨市第四十七中学校考模拟预测）Iwilltrymybestforexciting

progressinlessthanonemonth.

A.anB.aC./

39.（2022•西藏•统考中考真题）MoreandmorewanttolearnaboutChineseculture.