英语高一下学期七选五质量培优试题测试题002

英语高一下学期七选五质量培优试题测试题ManyregionsinChinahaveintroducedCOVID-19vaccination(接种疫苗)amongchildrenaged3to11.Kidsareencouragedtotakeitandtheprojectisprogressing,whichmightbeimportanttostoppingthespreadofthecoronavirus.____1____Whydochildrengetthesamedosage(剂量)asadults?Whenchildrengetsick,theyaregenerallygivenareduceddosage.ManyparentsareworriedthatthesameCOVID-19vaccinedosagewillbeaburdenonthesmallbody.Sothereisneedforproperdoseinchildren.____2____.Theprocessofvaccinestakingeffecthasnorelationwiththeweightandbodysurfaceareaofthereceiver.Infact,forthemajorityofvaccines,therecommendeddosesforbothbabiesandadultsarethesame.Canchildrenhavefullimmunity(免疫力)afterreceivingtheCOVID-19vaccine?Someparentsdoubtwhethervaccinatingchildrenaged3to11canproducethedueimmuneeffectastheirimmunesystemsarestilldeveloping.Actually,vaccinescanworkexactlythesameinbothchildrenandadults.Thevaccinewillproduceanear100percentimmuneresponseinchildren.____3____SothesamevaccinationstrategyhasbeenadoptedforallagegroupsinChina.____4____Avaccinehastogothroughastrictprocedurebeforebeingwidelyusedinaspecificagegroup.Enoughdataneedtobecollectedtogetemergencyuseorcomeontothemarket.Sothemedicalexperimentshavetobeconsideredinadvance.Chinahascarriedoutaseriesofsuchstudies.Basedonresearchresnlts,theriskofnegativereactionsinchildrenisnohigherthanthatofadults.____5____.Sofarthemostfrequentlyreportedthreenegativereactionsarefever,painandtiredness.Atpresent,thegovernmentisplanningtostudychildrenasyoungas6monthsoldinthefuture.A．Willthevaccineworkonchildrenforever?B．IstheCOVID-19vaccinesafeforchildren?C．Theviruswaseithercarriedbyapersonorwithgoods.D．However,thewaythevaccinesworkdiffersfromthatofotherdrugs.E．Someparentsfindthemselveshavingquestionsaboutthevaccination.F．Thishasalsobeenprovedtrueinmedicalexperimentsondifferentagegroups.G．TheCOVID-19vaccinationforchildrenaged3to11hasbeeninprogressforsometime.ChinawelcomedthreeheroicastronautshomeonApril16.There-entrymodulecarryingastronautstoucheddownsafelyattheDongfengLandingSiteinInnerMongoliaautonomousregion.ThisendedtheShenzhouXIIIastronauts’six-monthspacemission.ThisreturnmarksamajorbreakthroughforChina’seffortsinspace.____6____SpeedrecordThemissionsetanewspeedrecord.TheShenzhouXIIreturncapsulerevolvedaroundtheEarth11timesover24hours.____7____TheShenzhouXIIImissionwassimplifiedtoonlyfiveorbitsandwasdesignedtoreturnmoreefficiently,accordingtotheChineseAcademyofSpaceTechnology.____8____Italsoneededmoreaccurateorbitalcalculations.Thismeantthatwhenthespacecraftseparated,itcouldquicklytargetthelandingarea,calculatethereturnpath,andadjustitsaltitude,WangYa’nan,editor-in-chiefofBeijing-basedAerospaceKnowledgemagazine,toldtheGlobalTimes.TemperaturecontrolAnotherchallengeforastronautsreturningtoEarthistravelingthroughtheatmosphere.Afterthere-entrycapsuleenterstheatmosphere,thereisfiercefrictionwiththeair.____9____Tosolvethisproblem,theresearchersdesignedaheat-resistantcoatingonthesurfaceoftheShenzhouXIIIreturncapsule.Theyalsolaidalayerofaspecialmaterialthattakesawaytheheat.LandingThere-entrycapsulelandeduprightintherightarea.SuchalandingpositionisrareinChina’sspaceflighthistory.____10____Toachievethis,astronautsmustoperateandletgoofparachute(降落伞)withaccuratetiming.Landinguprightistheidealwaytoland,ensuringastronautshavethesoftestlanding,PangZhihao,aspaceflightresearcherinBeijing,toldScienceandTechnologyDaily.A．Wehavemadegreateffortstolandsuccessfullyforyears.B．Let’slookatsomeofthetechnicaldetailsofthemission.C．Somestrategiesmayhelpyoubetterunderstandthemission.D．Thisapproachrequiredmoreprecisecontrolofthespacecraft.E．Thesurfacetemperatureofthecapsulecanreachthousandsofdegrees.F．ShenzhouXIIIshortenedthetimetoabout9hours,orbitingEarthfivetimes.G．Sofar,onlyShenzhouVIandShenzhouXIIIhaveachievedanuprightlanding.Friendshipscanbringjoyorsorrow.____11____,wetalkedtoresearchers,authors,andtherapists(治疗师)tolearnhowtomanagethecommonrelationshipweallface.Brokenpromises(违背承诺)Friendsareimportantforourphysicalandhealthbuttheserelationshipsaren’talwayssmoothsailing.____12____.Andamajorwaythishappensisthroughbrokenpromises.Perhapshecanceledplansatthelastminuteorsherefusedtotakepartinanimportantparty.____13____,thefirstthingtodoisrememberthatnooneisperfect,saysJanYager,PhD,friendshipcoach.____14____“Sometimesjealousy(妒忌)showsourdeepestdesires,”saysDr.Yager.“Healthyenvy(嫉妒)canmotivateyoutobecomebetterandbeinspiredbyyourfriend’ssuccess,”shesays.Shepointsoutthatitcouldbetheotherwayaroundaswell:Yourfriendsmightbejealousofyou.FeelingleftoutThere’snoworsefeelingthanwhenyoucheckFacebookMondaymorningtofindoutthatyourfriendswentonaweekendgetawaywithoutyou.ScottChristnelly,atherapist,says,“Iencourageclientstoexpresstheirfeelingsaboutitbutalsonottojumptoconclusions.”Thenfindsomeoneelsetotalkto-maybeafamilymember,oraclosefriend(notonewhowentonthetrip)-toexplainhowyoufeel.____15____.A．ExperiencingenvyB．FriendbreakupscanbejustaspainfulasaromanticbrokeC．Sincethere’snorulebookonwhattodowhenthingsgettenseorgosouthD．ButwhileitmaybepainfulE．Infact,it’scommontoexperiencesomeserioushurtfromyourfriendsF．StoppingtofeeljealousofthemG．Maybethroughthatconversation,youcanbrainstormhowyouwillrespondAfewdaysago,ourschoolheldatwo-dayfoodfestival.Beforethefoodfestivalstarted,theschoolhadsetuptentsandpostedmenusatthegateofthecanteentoattractstudents.___16___Onthefirstdayofthefoodfestival,whenthebellrangafterthelastclassinthemorning,everyonerushedtothebooths(摊位)infrontofthecanteen.___17___Therewasalonglineinfrontofeachbooth.Everyonesweatedintheburningsun,buttheheatdidn’tstopthestudents’enthusiasmfordeliciousfood.Fortunately,IboughtacupofmilkteathatIhadbeenlongingforinjustafewminutes.IttastedevenbetterthanIhadimagined!___18___Withoutanyexperience,IchosetotryasmuchfoodasIcould,whichgavemesomuchjoyandsatisfaction.Forexample,Ifellinlovewiththecrispydurianpastry(榴莲酥)atfirstbite.___19___AndIcanstillrememberhowexquisitethecraftsmanship(技艺)ofmakingIndianpancakeswas.However,whatimpressedmemostwasinfactthe“intangibleculturalheritageonthetipofthetongue”.Itwaseveryone’scombinedeffortthatmadetheactivitysuchabigsuccess,anditispeople’sloveforfoodthatmadethefestivalspecial.Enjoyfood,valuefood,haveaheartofgratitudeandneverforgettheoneswhohavebroughtyouup.___20___A．Fromthis,Ihavelearnedhowtocookwell.B．MoreandmorepeoplebegantobuymilkteaC．ThisiswhatI’velearnedfromthefoodfestival.D．Asadessertlover,Icouldn’twaittoenjoytastyfoods.E．Withinafewminutes,theplacewascrowdedwithpeople.F．ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadattendedthefoodfestivalatschool.G．What’smore,Istillcan’tforgettheamazinglookofsmokyicecream.U.N.ReportWarnsNatureCrisisAnewU.N.reportfocusesonthenegativeeffectsofhumanactivityonnature.Itsaysonemillionplantandanimalspeciesonland,intheseasandintheskyarenowindangerofextinction.The1,800reporttookthreeyearstofinish.___21___TheEarthhasalwayssufferedfromhumanactivity,itsays.However,thesescratches(划伤)havebecomedeepscars(伤疤)overthepast50years.Speciesaregoingtoextinctseveralhundredtimesfasterthantheaveragerateduringthepasttenmillionyears.It’ssomethingthathasneverhappenedbeforeinhumanhistory.___22___Since1970,thehumanpopulationhasdoubled.Theglobaleconomyhasgrownbyfourtimes.Tofeed,clotheandgiveenergytothisfast-changingworld,lotsofforestshavebeencutdown.___23___Furthermore,hunting,overfishingandpollutionhavealsobeenkillingspeciesingreatnumbers.Theproblemcanbefixed,thereportsays.___24___Theamountoflandandseathatisunderprotectionneedstoincreaserapidly.ThereportsuggestsgovernmentsmoveawayfromusingGDPasakeymeasureofdevelopment.Long-termeffectsmustbeconsidered,too.ProfessorEduardoBrondizioofIndianaUniversityisanauthorofthereport.Hesays,“Weallknowwhatneedstobedone.Theknowledgeisthere.___25___“A．However,thisrequiresmanychanges.B．Over120wildlifespeciesarefacingextinction.C．Onlyexpertsknowhowtoaddresstheproblem.D．Thereportlistedseveralcausesforthesituation.E．Therejustneedstobeagreaterwilltotakeaction.F．Itdrawsontheworkof450scientistsfromdozensofcountries.G．Between1980and2000,onemillionsquarekilometersoftropical(热带的)forestwerelost.HowtoHaveBetterCommunicationwithChildrenCommunicationworkslikeabee.Itcanproducehoneyorsting（刺痛）.It'strue.____26____Tobebetterparents,weneedtousethetooltodevelopbettercommunicationwithourchildren.Gooverthelistandconsiderhowitappliestoyou.Preaching（说教）"Doyouthinkitwasnicetotalktoyourmotherthatway?Wetaughtyoutoberespectfulandyouhavetounderstandthatthat'snotawaytotalk."_____27_____Ifyoutalklikethat,kidswilldoeverythingtoavoidyourcompany.Teasing_____28_____Somethingyousayisonlyfunnyifeveryonelaughsandthinksit'sfunny.Ifnot,it'snotfunny.Laughingwithsomeoneisgreat.Laughingatsomeoneisn't.Threatening"Iwilltakeyourmobilephoneifyoudon'tdowhatIsay.NOmorecomputer._____29_____You'renotallowedtogotoanypartyuntilyouapologize."Parentswhothreatenareweak.Theproblemyourkidsknowyou'reweak,andtheyloserespectforyou.ComparisonParents'comparisonstypicallymakethechildfeelbad.Thisfeelingofinadequacy（缺乏信心）remainsuntiloldage.Itmakesthekidstrytoachievemorethaneveryoneelse，andthat'simpossible.Italsomakesthekidschasegoalsforthesakeofwinning,withoutbeingtruetothemselves.

________30________A．Whatparentssaymattersalot!B．Parentsneedtoteach,notpreach.C．Ifyoudoitonemoretime,nopocketmoneyforamonth.D．Soevenwhentheysucceed,theydon'tgetasenseofachievement.E．Itmeansyoucansaynowithrespectfortheirthoughtsandfeelings.F．Parentssometimessaythingstheythinkarefunny,buthurttheirchild.G．Ourcommunicationisthetoolwehavetostrengthenordestroyrelationship.HabitstoBeaHighlyEffectiveStudentSomestudentsareabletogetstraightA’sandatthesametimeserveasthepresidentofthreeclubs.However,somestudentsstruggletokeeptheirGPA(Grade-PointAverage)abovea3.0.Andtheyseemtospendalloftheirtimeinstudying.Althoughit’struethateveryone’sIQisdifferent,goodstudyhabitsareveryimportant.___31______32___Ifyouhaven`thadaplanner(规划薄),getone.Manypeopleusetheircomputersandsmartphonestomakeaschedule.Theproblemwiththatapproachisthattheyaremajordistractions(分心的事物).Instead,getanold-fashionedpaperandpenplanner.Createaweeklyschedule.___33___Includetimethatwillbespenteating,sleepinganddoinganythingnotrelatedtoschoolwork.Thatwayyouknowexactlyhowmuchyoucanaccomplisheachday.Takefrequent,shortbreaks.Takingabreakfromstudyingfor15minuteseveryhourwillhelpkeepyourefreshed.___34___Ifyoudon’ttakeabreak,youmayfindyourselfdaydreamingorevenfallingasleep.Takesometimeforsomewater,asnackoraquickchatwithafriend.Takecareofyourself.Duringfinalexamweek,itiscommonforstudentstofallbehindonsleepandmeals.Makesureyougetagoodnight’ssleepandhaveregularmeals.Studyingwhilehungryorsleepyisineffectiveandwillslowyoudowninthelongrun.Alsotrytomaketimeforfriendsandfamily.___35___

.A．Keepthingsorganized.B．Keepawayfromyourcomputers.C．Ofcourse,noteveryoneneedsbreaks.D．Ourbrainsarenotmeanttoworkforhoursnonstop.E．Havingagoodsupportsystemwillhelpwithallthestress.F．Hereareseveralhabitsyoushouldadopttogetgoodgrades.G．Thenundereachday,makealistofthingstodoeachhour.Talkingtosomeoneonatrain,bus,orsubwaycanberiskyyetexciting,asyouneverknowwhenthey’regoingtogetoff.Startingaconnectioncanbefunasthecostsarefairlylowandyoucaneasilystartandstopaconversation,orgetoffifthingsbecomeawkward.____36____Makeeyecontact.Makingbriefeyecontactcanshowthepersonsthatyou’reinterestedandhelpyoujudgewhethertheyareinterestedinyou.Glanceatthepersonsandtrytoholdyourgaze(注视)forjustasecondortwo.____37____Iftheymeetyourgaze,it’slikelypositive.Iftheylookawayquicklyorappeardisinterested,it’sprobablybestnottoapproach.Smileatthepersons.Ifyou’vesuccessfullymettheirgaze,smileatthem.____38____Iftheysmileback,you’relikelyinluckingettingthemtotalktoyou.Ifyouwanttostartaconversationwiththepersons,smilingisagreatwaytogetsomebody’sattention.____39____Makeapointtoappearopen,comfortableandavailable.Dothisbykeepingyourarmsuncrossed.Standorsitupstraightandshowgoodposture(姿势).Don’tcrossyourbodyorturnawayfromthepersons,asthesegesturescanmakeyouappearclosedoffordisinterested.Approachthepersonstostarttalkingtothem.____40____Ifyou’refaraway,movecloser.Youshouldbeacomfortabledistancewhereyoucanheareachotheryetnotfeelawkwardiftheconversationdoesn’tworkout.A．Useopenbodylanguage.B．Mindyourmannerswhiletalking.C．Noticehowtheyrespondtoyourgaze.D．Don’tworrybecauseyoucanfollowsometipsthatmakeyousmile.E．Onceyou’vereadthatthepersonsareinterestedinchatting,makeamove.F．Asmallbutsinceresmilemakesyouappearinterested,friendlyandapproachable.G．Therefore,trytogetsomeone’sattentionandstartaconversationbyfollowingthetips.HowtoFocusonStudyingUnlessyouhaveastrongdesiretolearntheinformationordevelopaskill,itcanbehardtofocusallofyourattention.Herearesomeofthebesttricksthathelpyouincreaseyourfocusonstudying.____41____Chosearightspot.And,inordertoconcentrate,youmustremovethethingsdistracting(分心)you.Putawaymobiledevices.TurnofftheTV.Sitawayfrompeoplemakingloudnoises.Comeprepared.____42____Havepens,paper,textbooksoranythingnecessaryathand.Youshouldtakecareofeverythingoutsideofstudyingbeforeyousitdowntofocus.Ifnot,you’lljustendupgettinguprepeatedly.Makeaschedule.Aimtoworkfor30-60minuteperiodswith5-10minutebreaksinbetween.Itisaloteasiertopushyourselfforasetperiodoftime,ifyouknowyouhaveabreakcomingup.____43____Studyingthesamethingfortoolongisaninvitationtoboredom(枯燥).Makelistsandbreakdowntasks.Writedownyourstudygoalsforthatday.Makesurethetaskiswithinyourability.Itworksforanytasklikereadingabook,studyingforatest,orwhatever.Andifyouneedtowrite10pagesinaweek,scheduleyourselftowrite2pagesadayfor5days.____44____Varyyourstudytechniques____45____Varietywillkeepyouinterestedinyourstudiesandmakeyourtimemoreefficient.Bystudyingwithdifferenttechniques,yourbrainwillprocesstheinformationdifferently,thusincreasingthechanceofkeepingtheinformation.A．Findasuitableplace.B．Getridofdistractions.C．Breakthetaskintomanageableparts.D．Don’tlimityourselftoonestudymethod.E．BesuretohaveallthematerialsneededtoworkF．Setascheduletomakefulluseofyourstudytime.G．Besides,scheduleyourselftostudydifferentsubjects.MoreThanJustFoodThereareafewwaysinwhichChineserestaurantsaredifferentfromWesternrestaurants.ConsiderhowWesternersgoabouteatingatrestaurants.Everyonealwaysgetstheirownmenuandorderstheirownfood.____46____,itisquitedifficulttotalkto—orevensee—morethanafewpeopleduringthemeal.____47____.Usually,everyonesitsatlargeandroundtableswhereitiseasytoseeandtalkwitheachother,evenifitisaratherlargegroup.Onepersonordersthefoodforeveryone,afterconsideringthelikesanddislikesoftheotherpeopleinthegroup.____48____.Everyonethenservesthemselvesbytakingasmallbitoffoodandputtingitontheirownplates.JustasintheWest,peoplecanchoosewhattheywanttoeat.However,whileintheWest,importanceisplacedontheindividualandhavingone’sownpreferences,inChinaimportanceisplacedonsharingandcommunity.Insteadofseeingthemselvesasindividualsfirst,andpartofthegroupsecond,Chinesepeoplegenerallyseethemselvesaspartofthegroupfirstandindividualssecond.____49____.Finally,sincepeopleareseatedataroundtable,everyoneistreatedequally.____50____.However,respectisstillshowntoolderpeopleorpeopleofhigherstatus,astheyalwayssitatthefarendoftheroomfacingthedoor.A．ChinahasmanydifferentstylesoffoodB．And,sincethetablesareusuallysmallC．NooneisgivengreaterimportanceoveranotherD．YoushouldmakeanefforttoenjoyChinesefoodE．Everyonestillgetswhattheywant,butitisasharedexperienceF．Then,whenthefoodcomes,allofitisputinthemiddleofthetableG．However,thetraditionalChineserestaurantexperienceisquitedifferent【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除1．无1、E牝2、D牝3、F牝4、B牝5、G【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论家长们关于儿童疫苗接种的几个疑惑牝1、根据下文“Whydochildrengetthesamedosageasadults?(为什么孩子的计量和成年人一样？)”及“CanchildrenhavefullimmunityafterreceivingtheCOVID-19vaccine?(儿童在接受COVID-19疫苗后能否获得完全免疫力？)”可知，下文的几个标题是家长们关于儿童疫苗接种的几个疑惑。E项“Someparentsfindthemselveshavingquestionsaboutthevaccination.(一些父母发现自己对疫苗接种有疑问)”引出下文，指出家长们具体的问题与困惑。故选E项。牝2、下文“Theprocessofvaccinestakingeffecthasnorelationwiththeweightandbodysurfaceareaofthereceiver.Infact,forthemajorityofvaccines,therecommendeddosesforbothbabiesandadultsarethesame.(疫苗生效的过程与受体的重量和体表面积无关。事实上，对于大多数疫苗，婴儿和成人的推荐剂量是相同的)”解释婴儿和成人的疫苗剂量相同的原因。D项“However,thewaythevaccinesworkdiffersfromthatofotherdrugs.(然而，疫苗的工作原理和其他药物不一样)”引出下文，故选D项。牝3、上文“Someparentsdoubtwhethervaccinatingchildrenaged3to11canproducethedueimmuneeffectastheirimmunesystemsarestilldeveloping.Actually,vaccinescanworkexactlythesameinbothchildrenandadults.Thevaccinewillproduceanear100percentimmuneresponseinchildren.(一些父母怀疑为3至11岁的儿童接种疫苗是否能产生应有的免疫作用，因为他们的免疫系统仍在发育中。实际上，疫苗在儿童和成人中的作用完全相同。该疫苗将在儿童中产生近100%的免疫反应)”及下文“SothesamevaccinationstrategyhasbeenadoptedforallagegroupsinChina.(因此，中国所有年龄组都采用了相同的疫苗接种策略)”说明疫苗在儿童和成人中的作用完全相同。该疫苗将在儿童中产生近100%的免疫反应。F项“Thishasalsobeenprovedtrueinmedicalexperimentsondifferentagegroups.(在不同年龄组的医学实验中也证明了这一点)”承上启下，说明免疫效果已经被验证。故选F项。牝4、下文“Avaccinehastogothroughastrictprocedurebeforebeingwidelyusedinaspecificagegroup.Enoughdataneedtobecollectedtogetemergencyuseorcomeontothemarket.Sothemedicalexperimentshavetobeconsideredinadvance.Chinahascarriedoutaseriesofsuchstudies.Basedonresearchresnlts,theriskofnegativereactionsinchildrenisnohigherthanthatofadults.(疫苗在特定年龄组广泛使用之前必须经过严格的程序。需要收集足够的数据才能紧急使用或进入市场。因此，医学实验必须提前考虑。中国已经开展了一系列此类研究。根据研究，儿童发生负面反应的风险并不高于成人)”说明疫苗在使用之前已经经过严格的试验。故推知疫苗对儿童来说是安全的。B项“IstheCOVID-19vaccinesafeforchildren?(接种COVID-19疫苗对儿童来说安全吗？)”是家长们另一个担心。下文是对B项问题的解释。故选B项。牝5、下文“Sofarthemostfrequentlyreportedthreenegativereactionsarefever,painandtiredness.(到目前为止，报道中最频繁的三种负面反应是：发烧，疼痛和疲倦)”说明疫苗接种后的负面反应。G项“TheCOVID-19vaccinationforchildrenaged3to11hasbeeninprogressforsometime.(针对3至11岁儿童的COVID-19疫苗接种已经进行了一段时间)”，与下文构成递进关系，故选G项。6、B牝7、F牝8、D牝9、E牝10、G【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神舟十三号的一些任务技术细节。牝6、根据上文“ChinawelcomedthreeheroicastronautshomeonApril16.There-entrymodulecarryingastronautstoucheddownsafelyattheDongfengLandingSiteinInnerMongoliaautonomousregion.ThisendedtheShenzhouXIIIastronauts’six-monthspacemission.ThisreturnmarksamajorbreakthroughforChina’seffortsinspace.(4月16日，中国迎来了三名英勇的宇航员。搭载宇航员的返回舱在内蒙古自治区的东风着陆点安全着陆。这结束了神舟十三号宇航员为期六个月的太空任务。这次返回标志着中国太空努力的重大突破)”结合后文主要介绍了这次任务的一些细节情况，故B选项“让我们看看这次任务的一些技术细节”符合语境，故选B项。牝7、根据上文“Themissionsetanewspeedrecord.TheShenzhouXIIreturncapsulerevolvedaroundtheEarth11timesover24hours.(这次任务创造了新的速度记录。神舟十二号返回舱在24小时内绕地球旋转了11圈)”可知，上文介绍了神舟十二号的飞行数据，且提到这次任务创造了记录，可见本句是在说明神舟十三号的飞行情况，故F选项“神舟十三号将时间缩短到9小时左右，绕地球飞行了5次”符合语境，故选F项。牝8、根据上文“TheShenzhouXIIImissionwassimplifiedtoonlyfiveorbitsandwasdesignedtoreturnmoreefficiently,accordingtotheChineseAcademyofSpaceTechnology.(据中国空间技术研究院表示，神舟十三号的任务被简化为只有5个轨道，并被设计为更有效地返回)”以及后文“Italsoneededmoreaccurateorbitalcalculations.Thismeantthatwhenthespacecraftseparated,itcouldquicklytargetthelandingarea,calculatethereturnpath,andadjustitsaltitude,WangYa’nan,editor-in-chiefofBeijing-basedAerospaceKnowledgemagazine,toldtheGlobalTimes.(它还需要更精确的轨道计算。北京《航天知识》杂志主编王亚南告诉《环球时报》，这意味着当航天器分离时，它可以快速瞄准着陆区域，计算返回路径，并调整高度)”可知，上一段介绍了神舟十三号的技术改进，后文则提到了这一技术改进的优势，可知本句与后文并列，都是在对这一技术进行说明。故D选项“这种方法需要对航天器进行更精确的控制”符合语境，故选D项。牝9、根据上文“AnotherchallengeforastronautsreturningtoEarthistravelingthroughtheatmosphere.Afterthere-entrycapsuleenterstheatmosphere,thereisfiercefrictionwiththeair.(宇航员返回地球的另一个挑战是穿越大气层。返回舱进入大气层后，与空气摩擦激烈)”可知，上文提到返回舱与空气摩擦激烈，故本句是在说明其结果：太空舱表面温度可达数千度。故E选项“太空舱表面温度可达数千度”符合语境，故选E项。牝10、根据上文“There-entrycapsulelandeduprightintherightarea.SuchalandingpositionisrareinChina’sspaceflighthistory.(返回舱着陆直立在正确的区域。这样的着陆位置在中国航天飞行史上是罕见的)”可知，本句主要是关于中国航天飞行史上返回舱直立着陆的说明，故G选项“到目前为止，只有神舟六号和神舟十三号实现了垂直着陆”符合语境，故选G项。11、C牝12、E牝13、D牝14、A牝15、G【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何管理一段友谊，使友谊更加长久。牝11、根据空后的逗号可知，空处为从句。空后内容“wetalkedtoresearchers,authors,andtherapists(治疗师)tolearnhowtomanagethecommonrelationshipweallface.(我们采访了研究人员、作者和治疗师，学习如何管理我们都面临的共同关系。)”讲述的是采访了一些专业人士来学习管理友谊。选项C“Sincethere’snorulebookonwhattodowhenthingsgettenseorgosouth(因为当事情变得紧张或恶化时，并没有规定要怎么做)”形式上为原因状语从句，意义上解释了为什么要采访那些人的原因。故选C项。牝12、根据空后“Andamajorwaythishappensisthroughbrokenpromises.(发生这种情况的一个主要方式就是违背诺言。)”可知，空处需要提到“this”所指代的内容，且应该是违背诺言带来的后果。选项E“Infact,it’scommontoexperiencesomeserioushurtfromyourfriends(事实上，受到朋友的严重伤害是很正常的)”中提到的“experiencesomeserioushurtfromyourfriends”正是下文的this。故选E项。牝13、根据空后的逗号可知，空处为从句。根据空后的“thefirstthingtodoisrememberthatnooneisperfect,saysJanYager,PhD,friendshipcoach.(要记住没有人是完美的，友谊教练JanYager博士说。)”可知，空处提到的应该是不好的事情发生的时候，我们应该记住人无完人。选项D“Butwhileitmaybepainful(虽然它可能是痛苦的)”形式上为让步状语从句，内容上也与下文一致。故选D项。牝14、空处为段首句，为本段中心句。下文““Sometimesjealousy(妒忌)showsourdeepestdesires,”saysDr.Yager.“Healthyenvy(嫉妒)canmotivateyoutobecomebetterandbeinspiredbyyourfriend’ssuccess,”shesays.(Yager博士说:“有时候嫉妒显示了我们内心深处的欲望。”她说:“健康的嫉妒可以激励你变得更好，并从你朋友的成功中受到鼓舞。”)”可知，本段讲述的是嫉妒在一段关系中的必要性。选项A“Experiencingenvy(经历嫉妒)”与下文内容一致。故选A项。牝15、根据空前“Thenfindsomeoneelsetotalkto-maybeafamilymember,oraclosefriend(notonewhowentonthetrip)-toexplainhowyoufeel.(然后找其他人倾诉——可能是家人，或者是亲密的朋友（不是去旅行的人）——解释你的感受。)”讲述的是当发现朋友们去度假而没有带上你时，要找人倾述内心的感受。选项G“Maybethroughthatconversation,youcanbrainstormhowyouwillrespond(也许通过这次谈话，你可以想出一下如何应对)”中的“thatconversation”指的正是上文的“talk”，内容上是上文的延续，解释了找人倾述的好处。故选G项。16、D牝17、E牝18、F牝19、G牝20、C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍作者参加校园美食节的经历。牝16、根据上文“Afewdaysago,ourschoolheldatwo-dayfoodfestival.Beforethefoodfestivalstarted,theschoolhadsetuptentsandpostedmenusatthegateofthecanteentoattractstudents.(几天前，我们学校举办了为期两天的美食节。在美食节开始之前，学校已经搭建了帐篷，并在食堂门口张贴了菜单，以吸引学生。)”可知，上文介绍了学校美食节以及学校为此所做的工作，由此推知，空处陈述作者对这次美食节的感受。D项“作为一个甜品爱好者，我迫不及待地想品尝美味的食物。”符合语境。故选D项。牝17、根据上文“Onthefirstdayofthefoodfestival,whenthebellrangafterthelastclassinthemorning,everyonerushedtothebooths(摊位)infrontofthecanteen.(在美食节的第一天，当早上最后一节课的铃声响起时，每个人都冲向食堂前的摊位。)”以及后文“Therewasalonglineinfrontofeachbooth.(每个摊位前都排着长队。)”可知，美食街参与的人很多。故E项“几分钟之内，这个地方就挤满了人。”符合语境。故选E项。牝18、根据后文“Withoutanyexperience,IchosetotryasmuchfoodasIcould,whichgavemesomuchjoyandsatisfaction.(在没有任何经验的情况下，我选择尝试尽可能多的食物，这给了我如此多的快乐和满足。)”可知，作者没有经验，尝了很多食物，由此可知，这是作者第一次参加美食节。F项“这是我第一次在学校参加美食节。”符合题意。故选F项。牝19、根据上文“Forexample,Ifellinlovewiththecrispydurianpastry(榴莲酥)atfirstbite.(例如，我第一口就爱上了榴莲酥。)”和下文“AndIcanstillrememberhowexquisitethecraftsmanship(技艺)ofmakingIndianpancakeswas.(我还记得制作印度煎饼的工艺是多么精湛。)”可知，上下文举例陈述作者在美食节所吃的食物。由此推知，空处与上下文话题一致，也举例作者所品尝的食物。G项“更重要的是，我仍然无法忘记烟熏冰淇淋的神奇外观。”符合语境。故选G项。牝20、根据上文“Enjoyfood,valuefood,haveaheartofgratitudeandneverforgettheoneswhohavebroughtyouup.(享受食物，珍惜食物，心存感激，永远不要忘记抚养你长大的人。)”可知，这是作者对参加美食节的感悟。故C项“这是我从美食节中学到的。”是对参加美食节的总结语，符合语境。故选C项。21、F牝22、D牝23、G牝24、A牝25、E【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了一份新的聚焦于人类活动对自然的负面影响的联合国报告：海陆空的100万种植物和动物因为人类活动而正面临灭绝的危险，问题可以解决，但是要真正付之于行动。牝21、上文“The1,800reporttookthreeyearstofinish.(这份1800页的报告花了三年时间才完成)”说明联合国报告花费了很长时间，F项中It指代上文中的报告，F项“它借鉴了来自数十个国家的450名科学家的成果。”进一步说明这份报告借鉴了很多人的工作成果，承接上文，符合题意。故选F项。牝22、下文“Since1970,thehumanpopulationhasdoubled.Theglobaleconomyhasgrownbyfourtimes.Tofeed,clotheandgiveenergytothisfast-changingworld,lotsofforestshavebeencutdown.(自1970年以来，人口增加了一倍。全球经济增长了四倍。为了给这个快速变化的世界提供食物、衣服和能量，许多森林被砍伐了)”说明造成物种灭绝速度增长的原因，D项“报告列出了造成这种情况的几个原因。”引出下文，符合题意。故选D项。牝23、上文“Tofeed,clotheandgiveenergytothisfast-changingworld,lotsofforestshavebeencutdown.(为了给这个快速变化的世界提供食物、衣服和能量，许多森林被砍伐了)”说明许多森林被砍伐，G项“1980年至2000年间，100万平方公里的热带森林消失。”说明森林砍伐的结果，承接上文，符合题意。故选G项。牝24、上文“Theproblemcanbefixed,thereportsays.(报告称，这个问题是可以解决的)”说明这一问题可以解决，以及下文“Theamountoflandandseathatisunderprotectionneedstoincreaserapidly.(受保护的陆地和海洋数量需要迅速增加)”说明解决问题需要做出的改变，A项“然而，这需要许多改变。”承上启下，符合题意，其中“this”代指上文“Theproblemcanbefixed”。故选A项。牝25、上文“Weallknowwhatneedstobedone.Theknowledgeisthere.(我们都知道需要做什么。知识就在那里)”说明大家都知道应该采取什么行动，E项“只需要有更大的意愿来采取行动。”说明EduardoBrondizio希望大家更愿意采取行动，承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。26、G牝27、B牝28、F牝29、C牝30、D【分析】本文是一篇说明文。沟通是把双刃剑，文章列举了不善于与孩子沟通的父母会用到的四个方法：说教、嘲弄、威胁、攀比。牝26、上文“Communic