Unit+1+Knowing+Me,+Knowing+You+Developing+ideas 高中英语外研版（2019）必修第三册

UNIT1Developingideas

LittleWhiteLies

善意的小小谎言1.HowdoesStudentBfeelhearingthequestion?2.DoesStudentBwishtotellhisrealmarktoStudentA?LeadinginWhatisthemeaningof“whitelies”?Whiteliesarelittleliesthatwetelltoprotectothersfromthetruth.1.Writtenmorethantwohundredyearsago,theselinesbyWalterScottremainoneofthemostwell-knownexcerptsofScottishpoetry:两百多年前，沃尔特·司各特写下的这几行文字，如今依然是苏格兰诗歌中最广为传诵的诗句之一：WecouldalsosayAlthoughWalterScottwrotetheselinesmorethantwohundredyearsago,theyarestillknownbyalotofpeopleasfamousexcerptsofScottishpoetry.尽管沃尔特·斯科特在200多年前就写下了这些诗句，但它们仍然被许多人视为苏格兰诗歌的著名节选。BackgroundinformationSirWalterScott(1771-1832)wasaScottishnovelist,poet,historian,andbiographerwhoisoftenconsideredboththeinventorandthegreatestpractitionerofthehistoricalnovel.ThelinesquotedinthepassagearefromhislongepicpoemMarmion:ATaleofFloddenField,whichisahistoricalromanceinverseof16th-centuryBritain,endingwiththeBattleofFloddenField(1513).Whatwecanlearnfromthelines“Oh,whatatangledwebweweave,/Whenfirstwepractisetodeceive!”isthatlyingoftensnowballsintoabiggerproblem.Ifapersonstartsoutbytellingonelie,thentheyhavetofollowitupwithanotherandanother.沃尔特·斯科特爵士（1771-1832）是一位苏格兰小说家、诗人、历史学家和传记作家，他经常被认为是历史小说的发明者和最伟大的实践者。文章中引用的诗句来自他的长篇史诗《马尔米翁：弗洛登庄园的故事》，这是16世纪英国诗歌中的一段历史浪漫故事，以弗洛登庄园战役（1513年）结束。我们可以从“哦，我们编织了一张多么复杂的网，/当我们第一次欺骗时！”这句话中学到的是，撒谎往往会成为一个更大的问题。如果一个人一开始就撒了一个谎，那么他们就必须接着撒一个又一个。Oh,whatatangledwebweweave,

Whenfirstwepractisetodeceive!啊，蒙骗一旦开始，我们须得编织一张错综复杂的网！2.Weallknowthathonestyisanimportantvalueandthatlyingiswrong,butwhocanhonestlysaythatthey’venevertoldalie?Perhapswecomfortourselveswiththeknowledgethatmostofthelieswetellare“whitelies”:littleliesthatwetelltoprotectothersfromthetruth.我们都知道诚实是一项重要品质，也知道说谎是不对的，但是谁又能诚实地说自己从未说过谎呢？也许我们会这样来安慰自己：我们所说的大部分谎言都是“善意的谎言”——我们为了保护他人免受真相伤害的小谎言。3.We’veallsurelyhadtheexperienceofsomeonecookingamealforusthatwedon’tlike.Themajorityofusofcoursedon’ttellthetruth—welieandsaythatthefoodis“delicious”.我们一定都有过这样的经历：别人为我们准备的饭菜不合我们的口味。我们大多数人当然不会说实话——我们会撒谎说食物“很美味”。4.Orifafriendasksuswhatwethinkoftheirnewhaircut,wesay“It’sgreat!”,evenifwethinkit’sawful.Buttowhatextentcanwejustifytellingwhitelieslikethese?或者有朋友问我们他的新发型怎么样，即使我们觉得很糟糕，我们也还是会说：“太棒了！”但是，我们能在多大程度上

证明说这些善意的谎言是合理的呢？towhatextent:tothedegreeorlimitofsomething达到某物的程度或限度e.g.

Towhatextentdoesconcernforothersinfluencethechoicesyoumake?对他人的关心在多大程度上影响了你的选择？5.Oneofthemainreasonsfortellingawhitelieistotrytomakeothersfeelbetter.However,whenwelieandsaythatsomeone’shaircutlooksgood,orwhenwesaythatweloveamealthatwesecretlyhate,arewereallyhopingtoimprovethesituationforsomeoneelse?Perhapsweareinfactlyingtoprotectourselvesfromthedisappointmentandangerofothers.说善意谎言的一个主要原因是为了照顾别人的感受。然而，当我们撒谎说某人的发型很好看，或者说不合我们口味的菜很好吃时，我们真的是在为别人着想吗？也许实际上，我们撒谎只是为了不让别人失望和生气，以免殃及自身。6.Anotherreasonfortellingawhitelieistogiveencouragement.Sayforexamplethatyourfriendasksyouwhatyouthinkofhissinging.Youofcoursesaythatit’swonderful,despitesecretlythinkingthatyourcatcansingbetter.Stopforamomentandconsiderthatperhapsyourfriendwantssomefrankcommentsfromyousothattheycanimprove.Orperhaps,theyneedtoknowthattheyshouldlookforadifferenthobby.说善意谎言的另一个原因是给予鼓励。比方说，你的朋友问你觉得他的歌唱得怎么样。尽管你私下里认为他唱得还不如猫叫好听，但你还说会说这很好听。停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想从你那儿得到一些坦诚的意见，从而改进和提高。又或者，应该让他知道自己应该换一个爱好了。7.Finally,wemayalsotellawhiteliewhenwewanttoprotectothersfrombadnews.Ifyou’vehadabadday,doyoutellyourparentsaboutit,ordoyouhideyourtearsandliethatyourdaywas“fine”?Ifthelatter,don’tyouthinkyourparentswouldwanttolistentoyouandunderstandyourfeelings?Wouldn’titbebettertorespecttheirconcernforyouandaskfortheiradvice?最后，想要向别人隐瞒坏消息的时，我们也可能会说善意的谎言。假如你今天诸事不顺，你是对你的父母说实话呢，还是会偷偷擦掉眼泪骗他们说你今天过得“很好”？如果是后者，难道你不觉得其实父母希望听你倾诉从而理解你的真实感受吗？尊重他们对你的关心，向他们寻求建议不是更好吗？8.GoingbacktoWalterScott’slines,wemayfindevenwhitelieshaveresultswecannotknowinadvance.Perhapsthemealyousaidwas“delicious”willbeservedeverytimeyouvisit.Wouldyourfriendtrustyouropinionagainifhefoundoutyouhadliedabouthis“wonderful”singing?Howwouldyouexpectotherstotrulyunderstandyouremotionsifyouonlysharedgoodnewsinsteadofbad?Moreover,howwouldyoufeelifyoudiscoveredthatthepeopleclosesttoyouhadbeenhidingthetruthfromyou?回到沃尔特·司各特的诗句，我们可能会发现，即使是善意的谎言，也会带来无法预知的后果。也许被你评价为“美味的”饭菜会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。如果你的朋友发现你对歌声“很美妙”的评价是个谎言后，他还会继续信任你的看法吗？如果你只分享好消息而隐瞒坏消息，你又怎么能指望别人真正理解你的情绪呢？而且，如果你发现身边最亲近的人对你隐瞒了真相，你又会作何感想？IntroductionWeknowlyingiswrong,sowhydowetellwhitelies?MainbodyReason1:Tomakeothersfeelbetter.Example(s)Someone'scookingamealforusthatwedon'tlike.Themajorityofusdon'ttellthetruth-welieandsaythatthefoodis"delicious".Someone'shaircutisawful,butwesay"It'sgreat!".AnalysisPerhapswelietoprotectourselvesfromthedisappointmentandangerofothers.Reason2Togiveencouragement.Example(s)Yousayyourfriend'ssingingiswonderful,despitesecretlythinkingthatyourcatcansingbetter.AnalysisPerhapsyourfriendwantssomefrankcommentsfromyousothattheycanimprove.Perhapstheyneedtoknowthattheyshouldlookforadifferenthobby.Reason3:Toprotectothersfrombadnews.Example(s)You'vehadabadday,butyouhideyourtearsandlietoyourparentsthatyourdaywas"fine".AnalysisPerhapsyourparentswould