2021届高考英语一轮复习第一编必修3Module6OldandNew课时作业含解析外研版

Module6OldandNew课时作业Ⅰ.阅读(2020·深圳高级中学(集团)高三第一学期第一次测试)Welovethesea.Weswimintoit,livenearit,buildbesideit,andevenimagineaboutlivingunderthesea.Butwe'reterrifiedofit,too.Formuchofourhistory,wehaveturnedto“hardengineering”tocontrolthemarine(海洋)environmentandmanageitsinfluenceonus.Webuilddams,seawallsandchannels.Butalltheseeffortsseemtofail.Theseahasahabitoftakingbackitsown.Andwesuffer.Johnston,amarineecologist,isadvocatingfor“blueengineering”—themarineversionofthe“greenengineering”movementonlandthathasseennationslikeSingaporebuildingthewallsandroofsoftheconcretejunglewithplantlife.Weareexpandingfurtherintothemarineenvironment.Thispracticedoesharmtomarineecosystems.We'relovingtheseatodeath,butwe'venotbeenthinkingaboutdesignofstructures(建筑物)withrespecttoecology.Somecoastalstructurescreateshade,whichreducesthegrowthofseaweed.Brightlightsatnightcontusespeciessuchasturtles.That'swhyblueengineeringcomesin.Throughouttheworldpeoplearestartingtoturnthingsaround.ResearcherswiththeWorldHarbourProjectarecreatingtiles(瓦片)similartothenaturalstructuresfoundonrockyshoreswith3Dprintingtechnology.Thesemakemoreattractivehomesformarinecreatures.ResearchersarealsoactivelyseedingthesetileswithlocalseaweedsandcreaturessuchastheSydneyrockoyster,whichisparticularlygoodatimprovingwaterquality.Twelveharboursaroundtheworldaretakingpartinthismarinetileexperiment,eachworkingwiththeirownuniquemarinelife.It'safarcryfromthedayswhenhugenumbersofoldtyreswerethrownintotheseatobuild“artificialreef(礁石)”.Thoseclumsyearlyattemptsarenowcostingmillionstoremove,showingjusthowfarwehaveyettogoinunderstandinghowbesttoco­habitwiththeunderwaterworld.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了引进蓝色海洋工程的原因以及如何实施蓝色海洋工程。1．Whatdoweknowabout“hardengineering”？A．Ithasimprovedseaenvironment.B．Itcancontroltheinfluenceofsea.C．Ithasfailedtoachieveitspurpose.D．Itmakeslivingunderseaimpossible.答案：C推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Webuilddams,seawallsandchannels.Butalltheseeffortsseemtofail.Theseahasahabitoftakingbackitsown.Andwesuffer.”可知，“hardengineering”所有的努力似乎没有成功，也就是未能达到它的目的。故选C。2．Para.3ismainlyaboutthe________tointroducetheprojectof“blueengineering”．A．drawbacks B．reasonsC．procedures D．measures答案：B段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Thispracticedoesharmtomarineecosystems.”与“That'swhyblueengineeringcomesin.”可知，本段主要讲了引进“蓝色工程”的原因。故选B。3．Whichofthefollowingisaformof“blueengineering”？A．Constructingbuildingswithplantlife.B．Expandingintomarineenvironments.C．Creatinganartificialreefwitholdtyres.D．Buildingstructuresbenefitingseacreatures.答案：D推理判断题。根据第四段中的“ResearcherswiththeWorldHarbourProjectarecreatingtiles(瓦片)similartothenaturalstructuresfoundonrockyshoreswith3Dprintingtechnology.”可知，建造对海洋生物有益的结构是“蓝色工程”的一种形式。故选D。4．Whatisthewriter'sfeelingtowardsthepresentsituationofmarineenvironment?A．Relieved. B．Doubtful.C．Satisfied. D．Disappointed.答案：A推理判断题。由最后一段可推知作者对海洋环境的现状持放心态度。relieved“放心”；doubtful“不确定的”；satisfied“满意的”；disappointed“失望的”。故选A。【词汇积累】①advocatev.拥护；支持；提倡②ecosystemn.生态系统③contusev.挫伤④clumsyadj.难以移动的；难用的；设计欠佳的【难句分析】原文：It'safarcryfromthedayswhenhugenumbersofoldtyreswerethrownintotheseatobuild“artificialreef(礁石)”.这与过去为了建造“人工礁石”而把大量的旧轮胎扔进海里的日子已经大不相同了。(最后一段第一句)分析：本句为主从复合句。when引导定语从句，修饰先行词days；afarcryfrom意为“与……有很大差别；完全不同”。Ⅱ.完形填空IliveinthenorthernsuburbofSanFrancisco,wheredrivingisconsideredthemaintransportationchoiceformostpeople.Istillrememberhow__1__IwaswhenIfirstlearnedtodrive10yearsago.__2__atnight,withmusiccalmingmedown,Iwasfilledwithjoyand__3__inaforeignland!Ihadaphototakenofmyhuggingmy__4__andsentittomyfamilyinChina.I__5__mycar!Sometimesshewasmyonly__6__inlonelynights.__7__，astimewentby,thatexcitementworeoff,andI__8__driving.SoIjoinedthe21­dayMindfulWalkingChallengeandbegantowalk.I__9__thenewneighbornextdoor,andtwodifferentgardenersondifferentdaysandlistenedtotheirjoyingardeningaftera(n)__10__day—workingalldayinfrontofacomputer.I__11__ateveryonepassingbyme.IwalkedtothestreetsI__12__wouldn'tpassthroughifIdrovemycar,and__13__atinyfreelibraryonthesidewalk.Ibeganto__14__ifIhadreallylivedinthistownalltheseyears.It'sacompletelynewtownI__15__solittleabout!I'mgratefulforthe21­dayMindfulWalkingChallenge.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从原来的开车出门到步行出街，发现了生活中另一番景象。由此告诉我们：只有打破常规，才有发现乐趣的可能。1．A.disappointed B．calmC．excited D．shy答案：C根据下文中的“Iwasfilledwithjoy”可知，作者10年前刚学会开车时应该是特别激动的(excited)。2．A.Running B．TravelingC．Walking D．Driving答案：D根据上文中的“whenIfirstlearnedtodrive10yearsago”可知，此处描述的是10年前作者开车(driving)时的情景。3．A.worry B．independenceC．doubt D．fear答案：B根据上文中的“Iwasfilledwithjoy”以及下文中的“inaforeignland”可知，作者在异国他乡一个人开着车，觉得很快乐，也很独立自由(independence)。4．A.car B．kidC．house D．neighbor答案：A联系上下文可知，此处是指他拍了一张拥抱着自己的车(car)的照片发给了在中国的家人。5．A.fixed B．improvedC．loved D．missed答案：C根据上文作者抱着自己的车拍照发送给在中国的家人可知，作者很爱(love)自己的车。6．A.partner B．dreamC．plan D．hope答案：A根据下文中的“inlonelynights”可知，此处指车是作者在异国他乡寂寞夜晚的唯一伙伴(partner)。7．A.So B．YetC．Therefore D．Instead答案：B根据上文以及下文中的“thatexcitementworeoff”可知，之前作者刚学会开车时很兴奋，后来这种兴奋慢慢地减弱，所以此处是转折关系，用yet“但是；然而”。8．A.suggested B．keptC．enjoyed D．hated答案：D根据上文中的“thatexcitementworeoff”以及下文中的“begantowalk”可知，作者开始讨厌(hate)开车。9．A.playedwith B．lookedforC．dependedon D．talkedto答案：D根据下文中的“listenedtotheirjoyingardening”可知，作者和新邻居以及两个园丁聊天。talktosb.“和某人交谈”。10．A.special B．tiringC．interesting D．important答案：B根据下文中的“workingalldayinfrontofacomputer”可知，作者一天都在电脑前面工作，所以这一天是令人疲劳的(tiring)一天。11．A.laughed B．smiledC．pointed D．shouted答案：B作者主动和邻居以及园丁聊天，说明作者的态度是友好的，所以这里指作者对每一个路过的人微笑(smile)。12．A.partly B．reallyC．normally D．lately答案：C根据下文中的“wouldn'tpassthroughifIdrovemycar”可知，作者开车的时候通常不经过这些街道。normally“通常；正常情况下”。13．A.discovered B．examinedC．built D．learnt答案：A根据上文可知，作者平常不经过这条路，所以现在步行之后才发现(discover)这家免费的小图书馆。14．A.check B．studyC．see D．question答案：D根据下文中的“ifIhadreallylivedinthistownalltheseyears”可知，在开车时不常去的地方有了新的发现之后，作者意识到自己对这个小镇的了解很少，开始怀疑(question)自己是否真的在这个小镇生活过。15．A.hear B．knowC．talk D．think答案：B根据上文中的“It'sacompletelynewtown”可推断，作者对小镇了解(know)很少。Ⅲ.七选五(2020·吉林省梅河口市高三上学期联考)Thehistoryofwritinginstruments,withwhichhumanshaverecordedandconveyedthoughtsandfeelings,isthehistoryofcivilizationitself.Thisishowweknowaboutourancestorsandtheirlife.Thehandysharpened­stonewasadaptedintothefirstwritinginstrument.Around24000BC,thecavemanstarteddrawingpictureswiththestoneontothewallsofhiscave.__1__WallsattheApollositeinNamibiaarebelievedtobetheoldestrockpaintingstodate.Beforepapercamealong,peopleusedclayorwaxtabletsonwhichtheywrotewithsharpobjectssuchasmetalsticksorbones.Around6,000yearsago,theEgyptiansinventedthefirstpaperlikematerialcalledpapyrus.Theword“paper”actuallycomesfromtheword“papyrus”．__2__Bonesormetalstickswerenolongerusefulasthepapyruscouldnotbescratched.SotheEgyptianscreatedareed­penperfectforthepapyrus.__3__Andthus,ancientEgyptianstransformedbamboostems(茎)intoanearlyformofafountainpen.Anotherwritinginstrumentthatremainedactiveinhistoryforalongperiodwasthequill(鹅毛)pen.Introducedaround700AD,thequillwasapenmadefromabirdfeather.Goosefeathersweremostcommon.__4__Formakingfinelinedrawings,crowfeatherswerethebest.Whenwritershadbetterinksandpaperandhandwritinghaddevelopedintobothanartformandaneverydayoccurrence,man'sinventivenatureonceagainturnedtoimprovingthewritinginstrument.__5__A．Nowsomethingwasneededtowriteuponthepapyrus.B．Thepapyrusbecamethemostpopularmaterialatthattime.C．Swanfeatherswereofahighquality,beingrareandmostexpensive.D．Bamboostemswerebetterandmuchmoreexpensivethangoosefeathers.E．Thisledtothedevelopmentofthemodemfountainpeninthe19thcentury.F．Theseweremostlythestemsofgrasses,especiallyfromthebambooplant.G．Thesedrawingsshowedeventsindailylifeliketheplantingofcropsorhuntingvictories.eq\x(篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了书写工具的发展历史。)1．G上文提示“大约公元前24000年，穴居人开始用石头在洞穴的墙上画画。”再根据下文提示“纳米比亚阿波罗遗址的墙壁被认为是迄今为止最古老的岩画。”因此，G项“Thesedrawingsshowedeventsindailylifeliketheplantingofcropsorhuntingvictories.”(这些图画展示了日常生活中的事件，如种植庄稼或打猎的胜利。)承上起下，切题。故选G。2．A下文提示“由于纸莎草纸不能被刮伤，骨头或金属棒不再有用。”因此，A项“Nowsomethingwasneededtowriteuponthepapyrus.”(现在需要能在纸莎草纸上书写的工具。)引起下文，切题。故选A。3．F上文提示“因此，埃及人创造了一种芦苇笔，完美地用于纸莎草纸。”因此，F项“Theseweremostlythestemsofgrasses,especiallyfromthebambooplant.”(这些主要是草的茎，尤其是竹子的茎。)承接上文，切题。故选F。4．C上文提示“最常见的是鹅毛。”因此，C项“Swanfeatherswereofahighquality,beingrareandmostexpensive.”(天鹅羽毛质量很好，既稀有又昂贵。)承接上文，切题。故选C。5．E上文提示“当作家们有了更好的墨水和纸张，并且书法已经发展成为一种艺术形式和日常生活的一部分时，人类的创造性再一次转向改进书写工具。”因此，E项“Thisledtothedevelopmentofthemodemfountainpeninthe19thcentury.”(这导致了现代钢笔在19世纪的发展。)承接上文，切题。故选E。Ⅳ.应用文写作(2020·安徽省合肥市八校高三第一次联考)假设你是李华，你作为交换生正在英国学习，你所在城市博物馆正在展出来自中国的文物(relics)，因而需要招聘懂一定中国文化的志愿者作为讲解员，你需要写一封信给博物馆申请做一名讲解员。要点如下：1．写信目的；2．个人能力优势；3．能做的事情。注意：1.词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头结尾已为你写好，不计入词数。DearSirorMadam，MynameisLiHua.Yours，LiHua[精彩范文]DearSirorMadam，MynameisLiHua.AsanexchangestudentfromChina,Iamstudyinginalocalschool.IamreallydelightedtolearnthataguideforyourChineseculturalrelicsexhibitionisrequiredandI'mconfidentthatIamtrulyfitfortheposition.Tostartwith,myadvantagefirstliesinthefactthatIamfromChinaandusedtobeavolunteerinShanghaiIwouldreallyappreciateitifyoucanoffermethechancetobeavolunteerinyourmuseum.Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours，LiHua[写作思路指导]Ⅴ.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。IsItSafetoStandinFrontofMicrowaveOvens?Microwaveovenshavebeenakitchenstaplefordecades,allowingyoutocookeverythingfromfrozenvegetablestopackagedmealsinminutes.Butwhileyouzapyourfood,youmaywonderhowcloseyoucansafelystandnexttoamicrowave,andwhetheranyradiationcouldescapefromthedeviceandpotentiallyharmyou.Doyoureallyneedtoworryaboutthis?Theshortansweris,notreally.Injuriesfrommicrowaveradiationareveryrare,accordingtotheUSFoodandDrugAdministration.However,therearecertainprecautionsyoucantaketokeepyourselfsafewhenusingamicrowaveoven.Eventhoughmicrowavesdon'tposethesamehealthrisksasX－rays,thatdoesn'tmeantheyarerisk－free.Microwavesheatfoodbycausingwatermoleculestovibrate,whichproducesheat.Intheory,microwavescanheatbodytissuesinthesamewaytheyheatfood,andathighlevels,microwavescancauseburnsandcataracts,accordingtotheFDA.Butthesetypesofinjuriesareveryrareandhavegenerallyoccurredwhenpeopleareexposedtolargeamountsofradiationleakingthroughopeningsintheoven,suchasgapsintheseal,theFDAsays.Still,theagencyrecommendsthatyoucheckyourmicrowaveovencarefullyanddonotuseitifthedoordoesn'tcloseproperly,orifitis“bent,warped,orotherwisedamaged.”Asanaddedprecaution,theFDArecommendsthatyoudon'tleanorstanddirectlyagainstamicrowaveovenforlongperiodswhileit'soperating.Asfarasinjuriesfrommicrowaveovensgo,themostcommonwaypeopleareinjuredisviaheat­relatedburnsfromtouchinghotcontainersoroverheatedfoods,orbeingexposedtoexplodingliquids.TheFDArecommendsthatpeopleusecommon－senseprecautionswhenhandlinghotfoodsandbeveragescookedinmicrowaveovens.Theagencyalsowarnsthat,whenyouuseamicrowavetoheatwaterinacup,there'sariskofthewaterbecoming“superheated，”