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教你如何做高考英语阅读理解根据我自己多年的线下教学实践,阅读理解这个板块越来越注重考察学生的英语综合素养和综合知识了。也就是说,单纯的词汇量大还不行,知识量还得广才行。并不是说“记单词做阅读”的时代就过去了,而是“记单词做阅读成为了基础中的基础,要能够更好地理解文章拿到高分,还需要学生的知识储备量够大。在正式对阅读展开讨论之前,我们要明确一个状态,就是自己词汇量的状态。高考英语要求的词汇量是4000左右,实际上能够达到4500才是最理想的状态。高一年级应当储备1200—1500的课标词汇量,高二年级的课标单词储备量应该达到3000左右,这个量也是高中学业水平考试的要求。高三再积累1000,剩下的500,就要靠大家平时的课外学习了。阅读理解总分50分,占整张卷面分值的30%。平时考试阅读理解得分在25分以下的同学,词汇量词汇储备量在2500以下,25分—35分,词汇量3000—3500左右,35分—40分,词汇量4000。接近50分,词汇量达4500,且课外知识储备量比较大。可以对照自己的情况制定一个背诵单词计划表。我明白单词记不住是大家心口上无法自愈的痛,但是……,如果有一套科学的单词记忆方式,是不是就可以化痛苦为喜悦了呢?阅读理解A篇的做题方法。这里不做过多赘述,记住一句话:A篇不需要从头读到尾再做题,A篇就是先看问题,对应文段找答案。至于问题怎么看,文段怎么读,这里是我们讨论的重点。【关键词就找:what(什么事),where(在哪里发生)】例如:2023年全国卷A篇(关键词做好标记!!!)YellowstoneNationalPark
(地点)offers
avarietyofranger
programs(事件)
throughoutthepark,and
throughouttheyear.Thefollowingaredescriptionsoftherangerprogramsthissummer.(关键词:地点——黄石国家公园,事件:提供项目)ExperiencingWildlife(标记:项目一关键词)
inYellowstone
(May26toSeptember2)Whetheryou'rehikingabackcountrytrail(小径),camping,orjustenjoyingthepark'samazingwildlifefromtheroad,thisquickworkshopisforyouandyourfamily.Learnwheretolookforanimalsandhowtosafelyenjoyyourwildlifewatchingexperience.MeetattheCanyon
VillageStore.JuniorRanger
WildlifeOlympics(标记:项目二关键词)(June5toAugust21)KidscantesttheirskillsandparetheirabilitiestotheanimalsofYellowstone.Stayforaslittleoraslongasyourplansallow.MeetinfrontoftheVisitorEducationCenter.CanyonTalks(标记:项目三关键词)
atArtistPoint
(June9toSeptember2)Fromaclassicviewpoint,enjoyLowerFalls,theYellowstoneRiver,andthebreathtakingcolorsofthecanyon(whilelearningaboutthearea'snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographerscontinuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.Meetonthelowerplatform
atArtistPointontheSouthRimDriveforthisshorttalk.Photography(标记:项目三关键词)
Workshops
(June19&July10)EnhanceyourphotographyskillsjoinYellowstone'sparkphotographerforahandsonprogramtoinspirenewandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.
6/19Waterfalls&WideAngles:
meetatArtistPoint.7/10Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.21.Which
ofthefourprograms
begins
the
earliest?(标记:提问关键词——哪个项目最先开始)定位答案:每个黑标题后面都有明确的时间A.PhotographyWorkshops.B.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympicsC.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint.D.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone.22.Whatisthe
shorttalkatArtistPoint
about?(标记:what—shorttalk,
where—ArtistPoint)定位答案:项目三:CrayontalksatArtistpointA.Worksoffamousartists.B.Protectionofwildanimals.C.Basicphotographyskills.D.Historyofthecanyonarea.23.Where
willthe
participantsmeet
forthe
July10
photographyworkshop?(标记提问关键词——7月10日photpgraphyworkshop的参与者在哪里集中?)定位答案:项目四:PhotographyWorkshop.注意细节点:July10.项目四中出现了两个时间,两个子项目对应的地点不一样。A.ArtistPoint.B.WashburnTrailhead.C.CanyonVillageStore.D.VisitorEducationCenter.例如:2023年全国卷A篇(关键词做好标记!!!)TheatresandEntertainment(关键词:剧院和娱乐活动)StDavid’sHallStDavid’sHallistheawardwinningNationalConcertHallofWalesstandingattheveryheartofCardiff’sentertainmentcentre.Withanimpressive2,000seatconcerthall,
StDavid’sHallishometotheannual
WelshPromsCardiff.Itpresentsliveentertainment,includingpop,rock,folk,jazz,musicals,dance,worldmusic,filmsandclassicalmusic.TheHayes,CardiffCF101AHTheGleeClubEveryweekendthisis“Wales”premieredyclub
wherehavingagreattimeistheorderforbothaudiencesandedystars
alike.Itishardtonamea
edystar
whohasn’tbeenonthestagehere.
Ifyouarelookingforthe
bestedies
ontourandbrilliantlivemusic,youshouldstarthere.MermaidQuay,CardiffBay,CardiffCF105BZShermanCymruShermanCymru’stheatreintheCathaysareaofCardiffreopenedinFebruary2012.Thisspecialbuildingisaplaceinwhichtheatreismadeandwherechildren,artists,writersandanyoneelsehavetheopportunity(机会)todocreativethings.ShermanCymruisexcitedtopresentapackedprogrammeoftheverybesttheatre,dance,familyshowsandmusicfromWalesandtherestoftheworld.SenghennyddRoad,CardiffCF244YENewTheatreTheNewTheatrehasbeenthehomeofqualitydrama,musicals,danceandchildren’sshowsformorethan100years.PresentingthebestoftheWestEndalongwiththepickoftheUK’stouringshows,theNewTheatreis
Cardiff’soldestsurviving
traditionaltheatre.Besuretopayavisitaspartofyourstayinthecity.ParkPlace,CardiffCF103LN21.
Where
istheWelsh
Proms
Cardiff
hosted?(标记:提问关键词—WelshCardiff举办地点)定位答案:问题关键词出现在短文第一段A.AttheNewTheatre.
B.AttheGleeClub.C.AtShermanCymru.
D.AtStDavid’sHall.22.Whatcanpeopledoatthe
GleeClub?(标记:提问关键词—在GleeClub可以做的事)定位答案:短文第二段(有人会纠结于A选项,文中确实出现了livemusic,但文段重点强调edy,且重复出现多次。musicals是音乐剧,不是文中的livemusic。)A.Watchmusicals.
B.Enjoyedies.C.Seefamilyshows.
D.Docreativethings.23.Which
websitecanyouvisittolearnabout
Cardiff’soldestsurvivingtheatre?(标记:提问关键词—oldestsvivingtheatre的网址.)定位答案:提问关键词出现在最后一段,对应Newtheartre的网址即可。A.
B.
C.
D.
B篇应该如何拿到满分。B篇通常来说阅读难度不会太大,以记叙文,夹叙夹一为主,有时候也出说明文。容易出错的地方一般就是推断题,词义猜测题,还有同义替换题。注意啦,试题难度大不大,已经不是当年的评判标准了。早年的英语阅读理解题,能够读懂文章大意,段落大意,基本题都能做对题。现在要想把题做对,还要在理解大意的基础上学会思考,具备语境思维,具备一定的逻辑思维,能够明白作者的态度,要能够在细节处明白原理或者道理。这也就是我在之前的文章当中说的,单有词汇量还不一定做得对题,还需要综合素养的提升。做题要点:定位关键词!没错,还是要拿起你手上的笔去定位关键词,一边读问题一边去做标记,遇到选项相似的情况,先把不同点标出来,不同点即选项关键词。例如:2022全国卷B篇
Goffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshaperecognitionabilitiestoahumantwoyearold.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,
thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.
Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.(段落大意:经过“形状钥匙”实验证实,cockatoos具有形状识别能力,相当于人类两岁孩子的水平。)
Inhumans,
babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,
butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(对称的)shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”.
Intheexperiment,Goffin’scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.
Wheretrialanderrorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin’scockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwoyearoldbabies.(本段出现科学实验使用的专有名词,阅读时果断选择忽略。因为读不懂,不影响对文章的理解。)
Thenextstep,
accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(线索),
oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.(本段介绍接下来的实验目的)24.
How
didthecockatoosgetthenut
fromtheboxintheexperiment?(标记关键词:得到坚果的方式)定位答案:关键词第一段第二段都有出现,且两段文字都明确了cockatoos使用工具这一现象,第一段出现关键信息:得到坚果。此题答案并不能在文中定位到完全一样的信息,需要我们读懂段落大意,以及关键句子的意思,也就是要具备语境思维。A.Byfollowing
instructions.B.Byusinga
tool.C.By
turningthebox
around.
D.By
removingthelid.25.Whichtaskcan
humanoneyearolds
mostlikely
plete
accordingtothetext?(标记关键词:人类一岁幼崽能够完成的事)定位答案:第二段第一句中出现问题关键词,且句子表达与提问不一样,但意思一致。此题的提问方式就考察了“同义替换”,选项差别大,不用勾画关键词,且选项表达方式与原文一模一样,属于简单题。A.Usingakeytounlockadoor.
B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole.
D.Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.26.
What
doesthefollowup(后续的)
testaimto
findoutaboutthecockatoos?(标记关键词:后续实验的目的)定位答案:最后一段出现thenextstep,最后一句与选项表达一样。此题难点在于对followuptest的理解,这个词不在单词表上,但日常表达常用。如果不知道,可以根据该题出现在第三题去原文中定位到文章的最后一段。A.Howfartheyare
abletosee.B.Howthey
trackmovingobjects.C.Whethertheyare
smarterthanmonkeys.D.Whetherthey
useasenseoftouchinthetest.27.Whichcanbea
suitabletitle
forthetext?(标记关键词:最适合的标题)此题为中心理解题,综合三个小段落的中心含义。选项关键词做标记,可能有个别单词比较生疏,但全文都在讲cockatoos能够认识shap的能力。A.Cockatoos:Quick
ErrorCheckers
B.Cockatoos:
IndependentLearnersC.Cockatoos:Clever
SignalReaders
D.Cockatoos:Skilful
ShapeSorters因此在做阅读理解题时,完全靠词汇量是不保证全部题都能直接得出答案的。阅读理解一定会考察的一个能力就是看词,猜词的能力,同时还需要胆大心细,功夫都在细节。记住,词汇量不达标阅读理解可以拿满分都是骗人的!词汇量不达标阅读理解可以拿满分是骗人的!(重要的事情说两遍!!!)高中英语阅读理解C、D篇丢分率是比较高的,正如前面几篇文章所说,词汇是学习英语的基础。词汇达标以后,阅读量也要在平日的学习中跟上哦,因为C、D篇通常是科学类说明文,一定会有不少生词。自然、科学类文章的阅读,对解答这两篇阅读理解一定是有帮助的。话不多说,我们来点干货,十拿十稳找答案。这里要重点强调一下,不管是英语还是语文阅读,忠实于原文一定是做对题的前提。C
Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.
GraywolvesoncewerehereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregradually
displaced
byhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.
TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.The
disappearanceofthewolves
hadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations–majorfoodsources(来源)forthewolf–grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation(植被),whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark’sredfoxes,andpletelydroveawaythepark’sbeavers.Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearsingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeaeback.
TheYellowstonewolfproject
hasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelp
biologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.老规矩,定位关键词。对于C、D篇阅读,一定要记住关键词是有优先级的:名词第一,动词第二,形容词、副词第三。再记住第二句话:找到“某人做某事。”8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?(文章主旨题:留到最后再来做)A.
WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.B.
PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.C.
Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.D.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.(做完后面的所有题目,能够得出文章介绍了“引进灰狼对恢复生态系统的帮助”)9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced”inparagraph2mean?(词义猜测题,阅读划线词所在句子得不出答案,往前读两句,往后读两句。)根据第二段最后一句:灰狼去到了北方可知:人类活动迫使灰狼离开原本的栖息地。A.Tested.
B.Separated.
C.Forcedout.
D.Trackeddown.10.Whatdidthe
disappearance
ofgraywolves(第一关键词)bringabout?(第二关键词,原文中没有的时候要自己翻译理解)定位:原文第三段第一句话出现第一关键词,result是第二关键词bringabout的同义替换词。A.Damagetolocalecology.
B.
Adeclineinthepark’sineC.
Preservationofvegetation.
D.
Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.11.Whatisthe
author’sattitude(第一关键词)
towardstheYellowstonewolfproject?(第二关键词)定位:第五段最后一句出现第二关键词,可得出答案。A.Doubtful.
B.Positive.
D.Uncaring.表示观点态度的词汇平时一定要多加积累。(观点态度题是必考题)DWhatisthemostpowerfulwordintheEnglishlanguage?“The”,It’severywhere.
WeuseitinEnglishwithoutalwaysnoticingorappreciatingit.It’snotmuchtolookat.Itisn’t
descriptive,emotiveorinspiring.Technically,it’s
meaningless.Andyetthis
dullandharmlessseeming
wordcouldbeoneofthemostpowerfulwordsintheEnglishlanguage.“The”topsthelistsofmost
frequentlyused
wordsinEnglish.accountingfor5%ofevery100wordsused.
Butwhyisthis?
Theanswer
istwofold.The
principleofleasteffort
playsamajorpart.Sopeopleuseitalot.Atthesametime.“the”liesattheheartofEnglishgrammar,
havingafunction
ratherthanameaning.Wordsaresplitintotwocategories:expressionswithasemantic(语义的)meaningandfunctionalwordslike“the”,“to”,“for”,withajobtodo.Although“the”hasnomeaninginitself,“itseemstobeabletodothingsinsubtleandmiraculousways,”saysMichaelRosen,poetandauthor.Considerthedifferencebetween“hescoredagoal”and“hescoredthegoal”.Theinclusionof“the”immediatelysignalssomethingimportantaboutthatgoal.Perhapsitwastheonlyoneofthematch?Ormaybeithelpedateamwinthechampionship?
Contextveryoftendeterminessense.Thissimplestofwordscanbeusedfordramaticeffect.Atthe
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