(核心素养测评)三十选修6Unit5Thepowerofnature含解析

核心素养测评三十选修6Unit5Thepowerofnature(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解TheozoneholethatopenseveryyearovertheAntarcticisoncoursetobethesmallestinthreedecades,scientistshavesaid.Researcherssaytheholeisalsoaparticularlyunusualshapethisyear,beingheavilyskewed(扭曲)towardsSouthAmericainsteadofcentringontheSouthPole.AccordingtotheBritishAntarcticSurvey,theholehadreachedanareaof11millionsquarekilometresinearlySeptember,whentheannual“springwarming”eventkickedinmuchearlierthanusual.In2018,theholereachedamaximumareaof22.9millionsquarekilometres.In2002,thepolarvortexsplitintwo,creatingtwoseparateozoneholesoverthecontinent.AnnaJones,ascientistattheBritishAntarcticSurvey,toldTheIndependenttheshapeoftheholethisyearwas“veryunusual”.Shesaid,“Thisisaprettynewphenomenon.Itcouldbeamultiplecollectionoffactors.”SatelliterecordsforthepolarvortexinAntarcticagobacktothelate1970s,butthe2002splitvortexistheonlyothermajorchange.“Scientistshaven’tquitefigureditoutyet...therearevariousthingstheycanlookat,butit’scertainlyveryunusual,”DrJonessaid.DrJonessaidthekeytoreducingthesizeoftheozoneholeinthelongtermwascontinuingtoclampdownontheillegalman-madechemicalscausingthedestruction.ShealsowarnedpeoplelivinginSouthAmericacouldnowbeatriskfromdangerousUVradiationastheozonehasthinned.“Thekeythingisthatthegasesthatdestroyozonearestillaround,stillintheatmosphere,”shesaid.“Idoubtwewillseethisagainnextyear.Wecan’tberelieved,itabsolutelydoesn’tmeantheozoneholeisnevergoingtobeseenagain.”

【文章大意】本文为说明文,讲的是科学家研究发现今年南极上空臭氧空洞的形状“异乎寻常”,严重向南美倾斜。1.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheStrangelyShapedAntarcticOzoneHoleB.TheTerribleEnvironmentalPollutionintheWorldC.TheGreatDamageDonetotheEnvironmentintheAntarcticD.TheRiskofDangerousUVRadiationintheAtmosphere【解析】选A。主旨大意题。纵观全文可知本文讲的是今年南极上空臭氧空洞的形状“异乎寻常”,严重向南美倾斜,与A项一致,故选A。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“clampdownon”inthelastparagraphmean?A.increaseB.limitC.pourD.release【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句话中的“thekeytoreducingthesizeoftheozonehole”和“...theillegalman-madechemicalscausingthedestruction”可知,此处表示减小臭氧层空洞的关键仍是限制破坏臭氧层的非法人造化学品,故选B。3.Whatcanwelearnaccordingtothepassage?A.TheozoneholeovertheAntarcticwillnotbeseenagain.B.ThepolarvortexinAntarcticafirsthappenedtothelate1970s.C.In2002,theholereachedamaximumareaof22.9millionsquarekilometres.D.Theannual“springwarming”eventusuallykickedinlaterthanearlySeptember.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话可知A项错误;根据第四段第一句话可知南极极地涡旋的卫星纪录可以追溯到而不是极地涡旋第一次发生于20世纪70年代末,故B项错误;根据第二段第三句话可知C项错误;根据第二段第二句话中的“...inearlySeptember,whentheannual‘springwarming’eventkickedinmuchearlierthanusual.”可知D项正确,故选D。4.Thepassagecanbereadfrom________.

A.anenvironmentnewspaperB.afashionmagazineC.anentertainmentmagazineD.aschooltextbook【解析】选A。文章出处题。本文讲的是环境方面的新发现,故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空Likemanynewgraduates,Ileftuniversityfullofhopeforthefutureandwantedtomakea1intheworldsomehow,butIhadnoideahowtodothat.That’s2IlearnedabouttheLighthouseProject.

Istartedmy3asaLighthouseProjectvolunteerbyreadingasmuchasIcouldabouttheexperiencesofprevious4.Iknewitwouldbealotofhardwork,andthatIwouldbeawayfrommyfamilyandfriendsforaverylongtime.5,IdidnottakemydecisiontoapplyfortheLighthouseProjectlightly.

Isentinallthepaperworkneededfortheapplication.Aftercountlessinterviewsandpresentations,Imanagedto6amongthecandidatesandsurvivethetestalone.Severalmonthslater,Ifinallyreceivedacallaskingmetoreportforthe7.Iwouldbegoingtoasmall8nearAbuja,Nigeria.

Aftercompletingmytraining,Iwassenttothevillagethatwassmalland9inneedofproperaccommodation.Thoughthelocalvillagerswerepoor,theyofferedtheirhomes,hearts,andfood10Iweretheirownfamily.Iwasaskedtoleadasmallteamoflocalpeopleinbuildinganewschoolhouse.Forthenextyearorso,I11inthatsameschoolhouse.ButIsometimesthinkIlearnedmorefrommy12thantheydidfromme.

Sometimeduringthatperiod,Irealizedthatallthosethingsthathadseemedsostrangeor13tomenolongerdid,thoughIdidnotgetanywherewiththelocal14,andreturnedtotheUnitedStatesadifferentman.TheLighthouseProjecthadchangedmy15forever.

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者当志愿者的经历。当志愿者的经历改变了作者的人生。1.A.contribution B.differenceC.change D.attempt【解析】选B。句意:和许多新毕业的大学生一样,我怀着对未来的希望离开了大学,想以某种方式影响世界,但我不知道该怎么做。contribution贡献;difference不同;change改变;attempt试图,故选B。2.A.whyB.howC.whenD.where【解析】选C。句意:那时我才了解到灯塔计划。“________IlearnedabouttheLighthouseProject”是一个表语从句,引导词在从句中作时间状语,用when,故选C。

3.A.journey B.careerC.occupation D.business【解析】选A。句意:作为灯塔计划的志愿者,通过尽可能多地阅读以前志愿者的经历,我开始了我的旅程。journey旅程;career职业;occupation职业;business生意,故选A。4.A.volunteers B.fellowsC.graduates D.applicants【解析】选A。volunteers志愿者;fellows家伙;graduates毕业生;applicants申请人,根据上下文语境故选A。5.A.Inturn B.InrewardC.Inhonor D.Inshort【解析】选D。句意:总之,我并没有轻率地决定申请灯塔计划。inturn依次;inreward作为报酬;inhonor为了纪念;inshort总之,故选D。6.A.stickout B.turnoutC.standout D.pickout【解析】选C。根据andsurvivethetestalone.可知这里意思是我成功地在候选人中脱颖而出。stickout醒目,伸出;turnout结果是;standout突出的,杰出的;pickout挑选出,故选C。7.A.duty B.callC.application D.responsibility【解析】选A。句意:几个月后,我终于接到一个电话,让我去报到。reportfortheduty报到,该短语是固定短语,故选A。8.A.city B.companyC.village D.school【解析】选C。根据Iwassenttothevillagethatwassmalland________inneedofproperaccommodation.可知这里意思是我将要去一个小村庄。city城市;company公司;village村庄;school学校,故选C。

9.A.instantly B.desperatelyC.severely D.timely【解析】选B。instantly立即地;desperately极度地;severely严重地;timely及时地,由上题句意可知选B。10.A.asif B.evenifC.justas D.whatif【解析】选A。句意:虽然当地的村民很穷,但他们把自己的家、心和食物都给了我,就好像我是他们自己的家人一样。asif好像;evenif虽然;justas正像;whatif假使……将会怎么样,故选A。11.A.studied B.survivedC.supported D.taught【解析】选D。句意:在接下来的一年左右的时间里,我在同一所校舍教书。study学习;survive幸存;support支持;teach教书,故选D。12.A.villagers B.colleaguesC.students D.competitors【解析】选C。句意:我有时觉得我从学生那里学到的比我教给学生的更多。villagers村民;colleagues同事;students学生;competitors竞争者,故选C。13.A.familiar B.similarC.cruel D.unusual【解析】选D。句意:那些原本对我来说看上去很陌生或很不寻常的东西,已经不再陌生或奇特。familiar熟悉的;similar相似的;cruel残酷的;unusual不寻常的,故选D。14.A.language B.peopleC.attractions D.accommodation【解析】选A。句意:虽然我在当地语言方面没有任何成效。didnotgetanywhere意为没取得任何效果。language语言;people人们;attractions吸引力;accommodation住处,故选A。15.A.character B.experienceC.interest D.life【解析】选D。句意:灯塔计划永远地改变了我的人生。character性格;experience经验;interest兴趣;life人生,故选D。【知识拓展】佳词积累

1.previousadj.先前的

2.application n.申请

3.presentation n.介绍会

4.candidate n.候选人Ⅲ.语法填空Childrenshouldavoidscreentimeforatleastanhourbeforebedtimeandparentsshouldleadbyexample,according1.________newlypublishedguidelines.IntheUK,atopcollegehaspublishedguidance2._______(design)tohelpparentsmanagetheirchildren’sscreentime.3.________(follow)amajorreview,theyacknowledgethathighlevelsofscreentimearelinkedtoa4.________(little)healthydiet,poorermentalhealthandaninactivelifestyle.

Dr.MaxDavie,5.________healthofficer,saidthatchildrenlearnfromexamplesratherthaninstructions.Hesaid,“It’sverydifficult6.________(give)strictlimitsonyourchildren’sscreenuseifyouareconstantlyonscreens7.________(you).Parentsneedtogetcontroloftheirownscreentimeiftheyaregoingtogetcontrolofthefamily’sscreentime.It’smuchmorepracticalifyoupractise8.________yourequire.”

Theysuggestedthatparentsshouldcontrolscreentime9.________(base)onthechild’sdevelopmentalage,theindividualneedandvaluethefamilyplaceonpositive10.________(active)suchassocializing,bodybuildingandsleep.

【文章大意】本文属于说明文。介绍儿童身心健康与屏幕使用时间的关系。1.【解析】to。考查介词。accordingto“根据”,是固定搭配。故用to。2.【解析】designed。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,designedtohelpparents作后置定语修饰guidance,design与guidance属于动宾关系,故用过去分词形式designed。3.【解析】Following。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,follow作状语,与其逻辑主语they属于主谓关系,故用现在分词形式following。4.【解析】less。考查形容词比较级。空后有poorer提示,故用little的比较级形式less。5.【解析】a。考查冠词。分析句子可知,healthofficer作Dr.MaxDavie的同位语,officer为可数名词,单数表示泛指,故用a。6.【解析】togive。考查非谓语动词。在it的形式主语句中,动词不定式短语togivestrictlimitsonyourchildren’sscreenuse是句子的真正主语,故用togive。7.【解析】yourself。考查反身代词。用反身代词yourself表示强调,故用yourself。8.【解析】what。考查宾语从句。yourequire作practise的宾语,从句中缺乏宾语,故用what。

9.【解析】based。考查非谓语动词。basedon以……为基础。10.【解析】activities。考查名词复数。空后有三项活动:社交、健身和睡眠,故使用activities。Ⅳ.读后续写阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。Arthur,ayoungpainter,wenttoFrancetosurroundhimselfwithbeautyandinspiration.Helivedonthecheap,paintedeveryday,visitedmuseums,traveledtopicturesqueplaces,bravelyspoketoeveryonehemet,andshowedhisworktoanyonewhowouldlookatit.Oneafternoon,hestruckupaconversationatacafewithagroupofcharmingyoungpeople,whoturnedouttobesomefancynobles.TheytookalikingtoArthurandinvitedhimtoapartythatweekendinacastleintheLoireValley.Theysaidthiswasgoingtobethepartyoftheyear.ItwouldbeattendedbytherichandfamousandbyseveralcrownedheadsofExcited,Arthurworkedallweekonacostume(服装)thathewascertainwouldbehighlyimpressive.Heheldbackonneitherthedetailsnortheimaginationofthiscreation.Thenherentedacaranddrovethreehourstothecastle.Hechangedintohiscostumeinthecarandwentupthecastlesteps.Arthurenteredtheballroom,proud.Uponarrival,heimmediatelyrealizedhismistake.Thiswasindeedacostumepartybutthiswasathemedcostumeparty.Thethemewas“amedievalcourt”.Allaroundhim,thewealthyandbeautifulweredressedinfancyclothes,wearingsparklingjewels.Arthur,ontheotherhand,wasdressedasalobster(龙虾),wearingaredcoat,redtights,redballetslippers,andgiantredclaws.Also,hisfacewaspaintedred.AndhewastheonlyAmericanintheroom,too.注意:续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好。Hestoodatthetopofthestepsforonelong,frightfulmoment.____________________________________________________________________________________________________