2021年高考英语一轮总复习必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars-B卷

必修3Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars（B卷）滚动提升检测(全卷共四大题，满分100分。请在40分钟内完成)班级____________学号____________姓名____________得分____________一、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)AAccordingtothereport,ourcountrylaunchedtheworld’slargestnumberofman-madesatellitesin2019.Actually,launchingsofsatellitecostmuch.Then,youmighthaveaquestioninyourhead—aresatellitesreallythatimportant?Yeah!Satellitesareanimportantpartofourordinarylives!Forexample,theinformationforweatherforecastsissentbysatellite.SomesatelliteshavecameraswhichtakephotographsoftheEarthtoshowhowcloudsaremoving.Satellitesarealsousedtoconnectourinternationalphonecalls.ComputerconnectionsoftheWorldWideWebandInternetalsousesatellites.ManyofourTVprogramscometousthroughsatellites.Airplanepilotsalsosometimesuseasatellitetohelpthemfindtheirexactlocation.Weusesatellitestosendtelevisionpicturesfromonepartoftheworldtoanother.Theyareusually35,880kilometersabovetheequator.Sometimeswecanseeasatelliteintheskyanditseemstostayinthesameplace.Thisisbecauseitismovingaroundtheworldat11,000kilometersanhour—exactlythesamespeedthattheearthrotates.AsatellitemustorbittheEarthwithitsantennae(天线)facingtheearth.Sometimes,itmovesawayfromitsorbit.Sotherearelittlerocketsonitwhichareusedtoputthesatellitebackintherightposition.Thisusuallyhappensabouteveryfiveorsixdays.Spaceisnotempty!Everyweek,moreandmoresatellitesaresentintospacetoorbittheEarth.Asatelliteusuallyworksforabout10～12years.SatelliteswhicharebrokenaresometimesrepairedbyastronautsorsometimesbroughtbacktoEarthtoberepaired.Often,veryoldorbrokensatellitesareleftinspacetoorbittheEarthforaverylongtime.Thisisveryseriousbecausesomesatellitesusenuclearpowerandtheycancrashintoeachother.1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTdonebysatellitesaccordingtothepassage?A.Sendinginformationforweatherforecast.B.TakingphotographsoftheEarth.C.SendingTVpictures.D.Providingfoodforairplanepilots.2.What’sthespeedtheearthrotatesat?A.35,880kilometersperhour.B.335,880kilometersperhour.C.11,000kilometersperhour.D.110,000kilometersperhour.3.WhydoesthesatellitemovearoundtheworldatthesamespeedastheEarthrotates?A.Inordertotakephotographs.B.Inordertostayinacertainpositionintheorbit.C.Inordertosendtelevisionpictures.D.Inordertomoveawayfromitsorbit.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inthe3rdparagraphreferto?A.Asatellite.B.Alittlerocket.C.Asatelliteseemstostayinthesameplaceinthesky.D.Thesatelliteputstherocketsintherightposition.5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat___________.A.satellitesplayasignificantroleinourlivesB.withoutsatellites,peoplecannotliveanymoreC.theoldestsatelliteshaveworkedfornearlyacenturyD.satellitesmaybeforbiddeninthefuture[助读词汇]launchvt.发射weatherforecast天气预报 locationn.位置orbitn.轨道 nuclearpower核能rotatev.旋转 crashinto撞到......BTerraforming(Earth-forming)otherplanets,alsoknownasplanetaryengineering,seemslikeataskstillcenturiesawayformankindtoaccomplish.However,itisavigorous(激烈的)topicthatattractsbothpopularandscientificinterest.Whyshouldthepossibilityofterraformingotherplanetsbestudiedwhenitmaybecenturiesbeforeweknowenoughtoevendecideifit’sagoodidea?Mankindisgettingmoreandmorehardfactsaboutotherplanets.TheatmosphereofVenushasbeenexplored;robotshavesurveyedthesurfaceofMars;Mercury,JupiterandSaturnhavebeenstudiedbyspacecraft.Speculationshavebeenanswered;newquestionshavebeenraised,andenoughharddataisrightnowbecomingavailabletoallowustomakethefirstattemptofplanetaryengineering.Inthepast,peoplewithexcellentideasaboutterraforminghavekeptthemtothemselves,orburiedtheminadeskdrawerbecausetheydidnotrealizethatanyoneelsewasinterested.Butnow,awidecircleofpeoplehasbeguntodothiskindofwork.Forinstance,NASAfundedaprojectontransformingMars.Thereareseveralstrongreasonswhichdemandthatthepossibilitiesofterraformingbestudiedcarefully.First,it’sanexcitingideaofapossiblefutureforhumanbeings.Suchthinkinghasavaluableroleinprovidingoptionsforourfuturedirections.Secondly,thetechniquesofterraformingwillalsohelpcontemporarytechnologiesinweatherandclimatecontrol.Thirdly,suchstudymayassistusindetectinganypossibleexistenceofextraterrestrialintelligence(SETI:TheSearchforExtraterrsstialIntelligence)andaliencivilizationsonotherplanets.Althoughthemission(使命)isfarbeyondourreachatthemoment,weshouldatleastkeepouroptionsopen.Throughdebateandstudyonthissubject,thepossibilityofrebuildingotherplanetstomakethemsuitablehomesforpeoplemaycometruesomedayinthefuture.1.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“speculation”inpara.2?A.Theactofdiscussingsomethingwithagroupofpeople.B.Theactofstudyingandresearching.C.Theactofguessingwithoutknowingallthefactsaboutsomething.D.Theactofwritingletterstoacertainorganization.2.Whydidpeoplekeeptheideaofterraformingtothemselvesinthepast?A.Theythoughtnooneelsewouldshowinterestintheidea.B.Theygraduallycametofindtheideacrazy.C.Theythoughttheideawouldnevercometrue.D.Theyhadfewresourcesforfurtherstudyonthistopic.3.WhichisNOTthereasontosupportthestudyofterraforming?A.Evenifwedon’tsucceedinterraforming,suchstudymayhelpustobetterunderstandtechnologiessuchasclimateandweathercontrol.B.Suchstudymayexploreanewdirectionofdevelopmentforhumanbeings.C.Suchstudymayenableustofindthelivesonotherplanets.D.AsresourcesonEartharebeingexhausted,it’surgenttostudyhowtomigratetootherplanets.4.Theauthorimpliesthat_________.A.peopleinthepastarenotasbraveastheyaretodayB.itisquitemeaninglesstocarryonplanetaryengineeringC.moreconfusingquestionsaboutotherplanetsarebeingputforwardD.human’sdreamofmakingotherplanetssuitabletolivemayberealizedoneday5.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.It’shighlypossiblethatterraformingotherplanetswillcometruesoweshouldincreaseinvestmentinthisprogram.B.Eveniftheideaofterraformingotherplanetsmaytakecenturiestorealize,wehavemanyreasonstosupportsuchstudies.C.Terraformingotherplanetsisthebestoptionforhumanbeing’sfuture.D.Moreandmorepeoplearetakingplanetaryengineeringastheiroccupation.[助读词汇]terraformingn.地球化atmospheren.大气drawern.抽屉contemporaryadj.当代的detectvt.探测awidecircleof很多的planetaryengineering行星工程hardfacts铁的事实aliencivilization外星文明extraterrestrialintelligence地外智慧生物二、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)Forovertwentyyearsscientistshavebeensearchingfor1oflifeonotherplanets.Mostofthese2havebeendoneoverthe3.Thehopeisthatsomeoneinouterspacemaybetryingtogetintouchwithus.Scientistsalsohavesentradioandtelevision4onspaceshipstravelingthroughspace,onthe5thatsomeonemay6suchmessages.Scientistsareusingpowerfulradiotelescopestolistento7fromabout1,000stars,allwithin100lightyearsoftheearth.Inaddition,theywillscantheentireskyto“listen”forradiomessagesfrommore8stars.Usingacomputer,theywillbeabletomonitormorethaneightchannelsatonetime.Scientistsarelookingforanysignalthat9outfromthebackgroundnoise.Ofthe200billion10intheMilkyWaygalaxy,scientistsfindthat5%arelikeoursun.Perhapshalfofthemhavea11liketheearth.Suchaplanetwouldbea12distancefromthestarfor13toberightfortheevolutionoflife.Basedontheinhabitableplanetsinourgalaxy,mostscientistsagreethatchancesare14thatoneormoreoftheseplanets15somelife.However,manyscientists16whetherintelligentlifeexistsonotherplanets.Somebelievethat20yearsofsearchingwithoutanyintelligible(可理解的)messagesshowsthatnooneisoutthere.Theysaythatthe17ofintelligencecomparabletooursisunlikely.Otherscientistsbelievethatoursearchhasn’tbeen18enoughtoruleoutthepossibilitythatintelligentlife19inourgalaxy.Ifwehopetofindintelligentlife,thesescientistsbelievethatwehavetokeep20.1.A.signsB.chainsC.reactionsD.satellites2.A.attempts B.searches C.predictions D.imitations3.A.radio B.receiver C.button D.flash4.A.requests B.postcodes C.channels D.messages5.A.chanceB.conditionC.weightD.gravity6.A.cycle B.swallow C.answer D.gain7.A.travelers B.voices C.survivors D.signals8.A.neighboringB.distant C.alike D.previous9.A.stands B.rushes C.guides D.slides10.A.materials B.suns C.stars D.systems11.A.object B.planet C.satellite D.orbit12.A.extinctB.reasonableC.weightlessD.fundamental13.A.phenomena B.movements C.settlementsD.temperatures14.A.cheerfulB.invisibleC.likelyD.unknown15.A.supportB.afford C.manufacture D.deliver16.A.impressB.deny C.wonder D.confirm17.A.disappearanceB.representativeC.intention D.evolution18.A.closeB.clever C.long D.optimistic19.A.arranges B.exists C.settles D.imitates20.A.lesseningB.survivingC.dissolvingD.looking[助读词汇]monitorvt.监控signaln.信号evolutionn.进化inhabitableadj.可居住的backgroundn.背景adj.背景的onthechancethat怀着……的希望radiotelescope无线电天文望远镜theMilkyWaygalaxy银河系reasonabledistance合理间距intelligentlife智能生命comparableto比得上ruleout排除三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess1(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis2(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot3itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular4(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moreso5thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-46(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit7(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon8(construct)”Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition,suchashow9iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether10(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.四、短文改错（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Theteenageyearfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.Atthefirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbyyourself.However,myparentsdidn'tseemtothinksuch.Theyalwaystellmewhattodoandhowtodoit.Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.NowIamleavinghometocollege.Atlast,Iwillbeonmyown,butIstillwanttohavemyparentstoturntowheneverneedhelp.必修3Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars（B卷）滚动提升检测参考答案一、阅读理解(A)文章讲述了卫星的重要性以及行星的运转规则。卫星在我们生活中非常重要，我们的天气预报、互联网，电视节目等都要依靠卫星来传输信号，因此没有卫星的生活将会乏味而落后。1.D事实细节题。由第一段内容可知，A、B项的内容都是卫星的功能，从第三段可知，卫星还可以发送电视画面，而D项内容文中并未提及。故选D。2.C推理判断题。由第三段第四句“Thisisbecauseitismovingaroundtheworldat11,000kilometersanhour—exactlythesamespeedthattheearthrotates.”可知，地球自转的速度是一小时11000千米。故选C。3.B事实细节题。由第三段第三句“Sometimeswecanseeasatelliteintheskyanditseemstostayinthesameplace.”及第五句“AsatellitemustorbittheEarthwithitsantennae(天线)facingtheearth.Sometimes,itmovesawayfromitsorbit.”可知，和地球速度一样是因为要呆在轨道上的固定位置。故选B。4.C词义猜测题。上一句话的意思是：有时候我们看到天空中的卫星好像呆在同一个地方，这是因为……，故选C。5.A事实细节题。通读整篇文章，显然卫星在我们的生活中是非常重要的。故选A正确。C、D选项文章没提及，B表述错误。(B)短文主要讲述人类进行行星工程——使其他星球地球化以便适合人类居住，虽然任重道远，困难重重，但作者相信，这个人类的梦想终究有一天会实现。1.C猜测词义题。根据此词所在句子的Speculationshavebeenanswered;newquestionshavebeenraised.的havebeenanswered可知，被回答的理应是“猜测，推测”等意，原有的猜测被回答后，新的问题又被提出。只有C项才符合文章上下文语境。2.A事实细节题。由文章第三段becausetheydidnotrealizethatanyoneelsewasinterested可知选A。3.D事实细节题。从文章倒数第二段的First,…Secondly,…Thirdly,…所讲内容可知A、B、C都是支持外星环境地球化的理由，只有D项没有提到。故选D。4.D推理判断题。从文章最后一句Throughdebateandstudyonthissubject,thepossibilityofrebuildingotherplanetstomakethemsuitablehomesforpeoplemaycometruesomedayinthefuture.可推断出D项正确。其他选项都是要么无法从原文推断出来要么歪曲原文意思。5.B主旨大意题。此篇短文主要讲人类进行行星工程（使其他星球地球化以便适合人类居住），虽然任重道远，但通过努力，作者相信梦想一定会实现。与B选项一致。二、完形填空科学家正在努力寻找其他星球可能存在的智能生命体。1.A整篇文章都是在告诉我们科学家正在寻在外星存在生命的迹象。故只有选A才符合上下文意。2.B根据文章首句searchingforsignsoflife可推知选B。属于同源词复现。3.A根据下一段的to“listen”forradiomessages可知以及文章多次提到radio。属于原词复现。说明科学家主要通过无线电以及相关科技来探测太空的生命迹象。4.D由下文的suchmessages可知选D。属于原词复现。2013年英语高考也多次出现原词复现的题，同学们应引起重视。5.A习惯搭配onthechancethat意为“怀着……的希望”。6.C斟酌四个选项，A和B可首先排除，D项是个干扰项。但根据常识推理，即使有人收到对于科学家也没用，只有回应或回答才有意义。故选C最合适。7.D由下文的Scientistsarelookingforanysignal可知选D。属于原词复现。8.B根据上文100lightyearsoftheearth.Inaddition和空前的more可推知，此处应选B，distant意为“遥远的”。9.A从空后的信息fromthebackgroundnoise可知，科学家通过电脑监控，希望能从这些噪音背景突显或显现出来的信号。standout是固定搭配，意为“突显，引人注意”。故选A符合文意。其他选项要么不是固定搭配要么不符合语境。10.C根据本句后面的that5%arelikeoursun可知，太阳也属于恒星或星球，故选C。stars在此处意为“恒星，星球”。11.B由地理知识可知，恒星太阳由许多围绕它转的行星。此处，科学家发现有5%的恒星像太阳，其中有一半是有类似地球绕着太阳转的行星