2021年高考英语一轮总复习必修3 Unit 2 Healthy eating-B卷

必修3Unit2Healthyeating（B卷）滚动提升检测(全卷共四大题，满分100分。请在40分钟内完成)班级____________学号____________姓名____________得分____________一、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)AForyearswehavebeendietingstrictlyaftertheyear-endovereating,afraidthatwhensummercomes,thebiggersizewehaveaccumulatedwillbetrayhowweate.Nowscientistssay,it’salittlebugthatcausesobesity.Astheholidayseasonwithitsabundantfeastingarrives,millionsoffoodloversarekeepinganeyeontheirfigures.ButscientistshavefoundthatweightgainisnotabouttoomuchChristmasturkeyorhotchocolates,butsomebacteriainyourguts(肠).Chinesescientistsrecentlydiscoveredatypeofbacteriaingutsthatmaybetoblameforobesity.AresearchteamledbyZhaoLiping,aprofessorinShanghai,hasidentifiedapreciselinkbetweenaparticularkindofbacteriaandunusualweightgain.“Theendotoxin(内毒素)releasedbythebacteriumcanactivate(激活)agenethathelpsproducefat.Anditalsodeactivatesagenethatconsumesfat,”Zhaosays.Scientistshavelongbelievedthatmicroscopicorganismsinthegut,microbiota,mayplayaveryimportantroleinweightgain,buttheyhadneverbeenabletoproveit.In2004,AmericanmicrobiologistJeffreyGordonandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredagenerallinkbetweenobesityandgutmicrobiotainmice.Whilealinkwasbelievedtoexist,provingitwasanothermatter.“Thelistofdiseasesthattheymayplayaroleinisjustgrowingandgrowing,”saysLitaProctor,directoroftheUSNationalInstitutesofHealth.“Buttheproblemisthatwe’reonlyabletolookatassociationsandaren’tyetabletoconductcause-and-effectstudies.”Intheclinicalstudy,researchersfoundagrowthoftoomuchendotoxin-producingbacteria,leadingto35percentofthegutbacteria,inanobesepatientwhoseinitialweightwas175kg.Basedonthisinformation,researcherstriedtocurethepatientbyfeedinghimaspecializednutritionalliquidfoodtodecreasethebacteriainhisgutstoignorableamounts.After23weeks,thepatientlost51.4kg,withhisfattyliverdiseasehavingalmostdisappeared.1.Wedietstrictlyaftertheyear-endovereatingbecause________.A.wewon’tbetrayourselvesB.weeattoomuchturkeyC.therearebacteriainourgutsD.wedon’twanttolookfat2.WhatcanbelearnedfromZhao’sresearch?A.Obesityisrelatedtoakindofbacteria.B.Healthydiethelpsreduceyourfat.C.Chocolatedoesn’tcauseweightgain.D.Toomuchfoodleadstooverweight.3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Scientistsdidn'ttrytofindoutthecauseofoverweight.B.Thereisalinkbetweenmice'soverweightandhuman's.C.Litaprovedthelinkbetweenbacteriaandweightgain.D.Scientistsfoundbacteriamayberelatedtomanydiseases.4.Thepatientfinallylost51.4kgofhisweightafter______.A.35percentofhisgutbacteriawerekilledB.theamountofgutbacteriawasdecreasedC.hehadaspecialkindofoperationD.hisfattyliverhaddisappeared5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.People’seatinghabits.B.Healthylifestyles.C.Amedicaldiscovery.D.Theconsequenceofobesity.BGoodhealthisthemostvaluablepossessionapersoncanhave,butonecan’ttakegoodhealthforgranted.Itisimportanttorememberthatthebodyneedspropercareinordertobehealthy.Therearethreethingsthatapersoncandotohelpstayingoodshape:eattherightfoods,getenoughsleepandexerciseregularly.Propernutritionisimportantforgoodhealth.Yourbodycannotfunctionwellunlessitreceivestheproperkindof“fuel”.Avoidfoodswithlotsofsugarandfat.Eatplentyoffoodshighinprotein,likeleanmeat,fish,beansandnuts.Vegetablesandfruitsareespeciallyimportantbecausetheyprovidenecessaryvitaminsandminerals.However,don’tovereat.Itisnothealthfultobeoverweight.Gettingtheproperamountofsleepisalsoimportant.Ifyoudon’tgetenoughsleep,youfeeltiredandirritable(烦躁的).Youhavenoenergy.Overalongperiodoftimealittleamountofsleepmayevenresultinachangeofpersonality.Besuretoallowyourselffromseventoninehoursofsleepeachnight.Ifyoudo,yourbodywillfeelstrongandrefreshed,andyourmindwillbesharp.Finally,getplentyofexercise.Exercisefirmsthebody,strengthensthemusclesandpreventsyoufromgainingweight.Italsoimprovesexerciseprogram,andyouwillprobablyincreaseyourlifespan(寿命).Anykindofexerciseisgood.Mostsportsareexcellentforkeepingthebodyingoodshape.Basketball,swimming,bicycling,gymnasticsandrunningareallgoodexamples.Sportsarenotonlygoodforyourbody,buttheyareenjoyableandinteresting,too.Ifeverybodyweretoeattherightfoodsandgetplentyofsleepandexerciseregularly,theworldwouldbeahappierandhealthierplace.Wewouldalllivetobemucholderandwiser.1.Apersoncanstayingoodshapeifhe_________.A.eattherightfoodsB.getenoughsleepC.exerciseregularlyD.alloftheabove2.Accordingtothepassage,_________.A.propercareisveryimportantforustokeepfitB.ifwe’rehealthy,wecanadventureindoingthingswithlesssleepC.onecaneatalottostayingoodshapeD.oneneedn’tdoanyexerciseifheishealthy3.“Eatingmoreandsleepingless”_________.A.cankeephealthyB.isnogoodforyouC.getsyoumoreenergyD.willkeepyourpersonality4.Theunderlinedword“sharp”means_________.A.havingathincuttingedgeB.irritableC.comfortableD.sensitive5.Thetitleforthepassageshouldbe_________.A.EatingandExercisingB.TheFunctionofVitaminsC.StayingHealthyD.SleepingWell[助读词汇]possessionn.财产functionvt.运转personalityn.个性strengthenvt.加强musclen.肌肉refreshedadj.神清气爽的nutritionn.营养proteinn.蛋白质leanmeat瘦肉take…forgranted认为……是理所当然的vitaminsandminerals维生素和矿物质stayingoodshape保持良好的身体状况二、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)Americanresearchershavediscoveredthatlackofsleepisbadformemoryandtheysuggestpeopletakeashortsleepduringthe1.2madethediscoveryin3.Theykepttherats4for72hours.Duringthistimetheydiscoveredthatsleepdeprivation5stresshormonestogettogetherinapartofthe6,whichinturnmadethegrowthofcellsthathelpednewmemories7.“Weknowthatsleepdeprivationisstressful,andthatitmakessometypesoflearningandmemory8,”aleadresearchersaid.Theresultsare9toearlierstudiesshowingthatsleep-deprivedpeopleare10atrememberinghowtodonewlylearnedtasksthantheyare11.Theresultsarealsosaidtobethefirsttoprovideasystemexplaininghow12ofsleepisbadformemory.Thissuggeststhat13intherighthormonalconditionsisimportant.However,thesleepdeprivation14bytheratsisusuallylong,15tohumanbeing’sstayingawakeforseveralweeks.Sosleepdeprivationisbadfor16,butonly“inextremecases”,scientistsbelieve.Asyouarebusystudyingfor17intouniversitiesandcolleges,youhadbetterget18sleepeveryday.Ifitis19,youshouldsleepforashorttimeafterlunch—perhapstheoutcomemightbe20andunexpected!1.A.duskB.dawnC.daytimeD.night2.A.Researchers B.Chemists C.Physicians D.Scholars3.A.animals B.plants C.rats D.cells4.A.asleep B.annoyed C.awkward D.awake5.A.made B.caused C.weakened D.robbed6.A.heart B.brain C.spirit D.system7.A.slow B.speed C.withdraw D.stress8.A.weak B.strong C.amazing D.abnormal9.A.differentB.limitedC.similarD.beneficial10.A.better B.tougher C.sleepier D.worse11.A.addicted B.consciousC.normal D.relaxed12.A.avoidance B.supply C.lack D.abortion13.A.breathB.recreation C.judgment D.sleep14.A.combinedB.spiedC.digestedD.experienced15.A.different B.equal C.friendly D.accustomed16.A.memory B.motivation C.behavior D.character17.A.possibilityB.entry C.comprehensionD.advantage18.A.deep B.effective C.simple D.enough19.A.poisonousB.possibleC.protectiveD.balanced20.A.surprisingB.obeseC.balancedD.curious[助读词汇]researchern.研究人员stressfuladj.有压力的ratn.田鼠lackof…缺乏……stresshormone压力荷尔蒙sleepdeprivation剥夺睡眠；睡眠不足inturn转而inextremecases在极端情况下三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)Itisreportedthatover300millionpeopleinChinaaresufferingfromnear-sightedness.1morechildrenhavegoteyetrouble,theirparentshopetocurethediseasebymedicine,equipment2bycorrectingthewaychildrenreadandsit.Butinfactthecare3(give)toone’seyesshouldstartwiththeexerciseonone’sfeet.Threemethodsonhowtoprotectareasfollows:foronething,don’tfastenyourshoestoo4(tight).Trywearinglooseshoesandsocksorwalkingbare-footedathome.Whentraveling,trywearingclothshoessoastomakebloodcirculation5(easy).Foranotherthing,walkingontiptoes(脚尖)willhelpimproveone’seyesightandpreventnear-sightedness.Figurestellthatfewballetperformersarenear-sighted.Inaddition,ropeskippingalsodoesgood6one’seyesight.When7(skip)therope,onehastoreactquickly,8excitesthebrainaswellastheeyes.Besidesfootexercises,9isgoodtopullone’sears.Pullingtheears20timesisfoundtobe10effectivewaytoreducethepressureonone’seyessoon.[助读词汇]near-sightednessn.近视bare-footedadj.赤脚的eyesightn.视力figuren.数字asfollows如下clothshoes布鞋foronething首先foranotherthing其次bloodcirculation血液循环balletperformer巴黎舞演员inaddition此外ropeskipping跳绳四、短文改错（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 Oneday,littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparent.Itwasverycrowded.Tonysawatoyonashopwindow.Helikeditsoverymuchthathequicklywalkedintotheshop.Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsideashop.Fiveminuteslater,Tonysawparents.Momsaid,“Hownicetoseeyouagain!DadandIwereterribleworried.”Tonypromisedherthatthiswouldneverhappenagain.必修3Unit2Healthyeating（B卷）滚动提升检测参考答案一、阅读理解(A)介绍了关于肥胖现象新的医学发现。1.D推理判断题。根据文章第一段...afraidthatwhensummercomes,thebiggersizewehaveaccumulatedwillbetrayhowweate.可知，人们在年底大吃大喝之后开始节食，主要是因为害怕夏天来了会暴露出自己臃肿的身材。2.A事实细节题。根据第四段hasidentifiedapreciselinkbetweenaparticularkindofbacteriaandunusualweightgain.可知，肥胖和某一种特殊的细菌之间有密切的联系。3.D推理判断题。根据倒数第四段“Thelistofdiseasesthattheymayplayaroleinisjustgrowingandgrowing,”以及...aren’tyetabletoconductcause-and-effectstudies.可知科学家发现细菌可能与很多疾病有关联。4.B事实细节题。根据文章倒数第二段researcherstriedtocurethepatientbyfeedinghimaspecializednutritionalliquidfoodtodecreasethebacteriainhisgutstoignorableamounts.可知，细菌数量的减少可以使体重下降。5.C主旨大意题。从文章多次出现found,discovered可以看出本文主要讲的是一项新的医学发现。很多考生选了D，误选的考生可能他们不知道该文讲的是肥胖的原因，而不是肥胖的结果。(B)本文作者主要告诉我们，吃正确的食物、保持足够的睡眠和有规律的运动是保持健康最重要的三种方式。1.D事实细节题。根据首段Therearethreethingsthatapersoncandotohelpstayingoodshape:eattherightfoods,getenoughsleepandexerciseregularly.可知选D。2.A事实细节题。由文章第一段中Itisimportanttorememberthatthebodyneedspropercareinordertobehealthy.可知A项正确。3.B推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句However,don’tovereat.Itisnothealthfultobeoverweight.和第三段Ifyoudon’tgetenoughsleep,youfeeltiredandirritable.Youhavenoenergy.Besuretoallowyourselffromseventoninehoursofsleepeachnight.可推知B项正确。4.D猜测词义题。根据上下文语境可知，如果你自己有足够的睡眠，那么身体和思维这两个方面会有什么样的效果。显然sharp的感情色彩必须和strongandrefreshed一致。B和C可首先排除；A项是对sharp的基本释义，并不符合文章语境。故选D符合上下语境。sensitive在此意为“灵敏的，敏锐的”，与sharp一致。5.C主旨大意题。A、B、D都过于片面，只有C项具有总领文章的概括性。根据文章可知，eattherightfoods,getenoughsleepandexerciseregularly是保持健康(StayingHealthy)的三种方式。故选C合适。二、完形填空本文作者向我们介绍了缺乏睡眠给记忆力带来的影响并建议我们在午饭后休息一会，以补充睡眠。1.C根据下文，特别是最后一段中的Ifitis19,youshouldsleepforashorttimeafterlunch可知，研究人员是建议在白天睡个短觉。故选C合适。2.A根据第一段Americanresearchers或者第三段aleadresearchersaid.可知选A。属于原词复现。3.C根据空后的Theykepttherats可知选C。同样属于原词复现。4.D由上文可知，研究人员为了找出缺乏睡眠对记忆力带来的影响，他们用田鼠做试验，他们让田鼠保持清醒达72个小时，言下之意是让田鼠缺乏睡眠，看看会发生什么样的情况。同时也通过这个事实发现一些问题。故选D符合上下语境和逻辑。5.B结合四个选项和空后的stresshormonestogettogether可知，此处是指：缺乏睡眠使压力荷尔蒙在一部分脑中聚集。习惯搭配cause…to…意为“使……发生/做……”，符合语境。C和D项可首先排除；A项made干扰性较大，但make后常接动词原形，即：make…do…。6.B根据下面的helpednewmemories可知此处肯定是指在脑中才能与memories有联系。7.A根据前文中sleepdeprivation5stresshormonestogettoge