高考英语一轮总复习高效备考新模式第二部分狠抓基础语法15.构词法课件新人教版

构词法构词法转化法

动词→名词Let’sgooutforawalk.我们出去散散步吧。(walk)名词→动词WelunchedatWhite’s.我们在怀特家吃午饭。(lunched)形容词→动词Culturehasfurtheredtheadvanceoflanguage.文化促进了语言的发展。(hasfurthered)知识网络构词法合成法合成名词如：bookmark(书签)；guidebook(指南手册)；workshop(研讨会；车间)；sunset(日落)合成形容词如：lifelong(终身的；毕生的)；heartbreaking(令人心碎的)；absent-minded(心不在焉的)构词法合成法合成副词如：anyway(无论如何)；everywhere(到处)；however(尽管如此)；forever(永远)合成介词如：inside(在……里)；outside(在……外)；throughout(遍及)；within(在……之内)构词法如：smog(smoke+fog)烟雾；brunch(breakfast+lunch)早午餐；newscast(news+broadcast)新闻广播;faction(fact+fiction)纪实文学；sci-fi(science+fiction)科幻小说；docudrama(document+drama)纪实电影如：television→TV(读字母音)电视;veryimportantperson→VIP(读字母音)要人；TestingofEnglishasaForeignLanguage→TOEFL(作为一个单词读音)托福缩略法混合法构词法派生法前缀un-

如：dress→undress(除去…的衣服);lock→unlock(开锁)；fold→unfold(展开；显露)dis-

如：ability→disability(无能力;残疾)；agree→disagree(意见不一致)；appear→disappear(消失)表否定构词法派生法前缀表否定in-,il-,im-,ir-

如：accurate→inaccurate(不准确的);legal→illegal(不合法的)；polite→impolite(不礼貌的)；possible→impossible(不可能的);regular→irregular(不规则的)mis-

如：behave→misbehave(行为不端)；understand→misunderstand(误解);fortune→misfortune(不幸)non-如：anon-drinker不喝酒的人；non-existence不存在；non-smoking非吸烟(区)构词法派生法前缀表重复re-如：arrange→rearrange(重新安排)；consider→reconsider(重新考虑)；create→recreate(重现；重建)表动化en-

如：able→enable(使能够)；large→enlarge(扩大)；rich→enrich(使充实)构词法派生法后缀表示人-er如：buy→buyer(买主，购买者);design→designer(设计者)；dance→dancer(舞者)-or如：act→actor(男演员);invent→inventor(发明者)；direct→director(指导者;导演)-ee如：employ→employee(受雇者,雇员);interview→interviewee(被采访者；被面试者)构词法派生法后缀表示人-ist

如：art→artist(艺术家，美术家);special→specialist(专家)；violin→violinist(小提琴演奏家)-ian

如：music→musician(音乐家;乐师);politics→politician(政治家)-ant

如：account→accountant(会计)；assist→assistant(助手);serve→servant(仆人；佣人)-ess或woman

如：god→goddess(女神)；poet→poetess(女诗人);policeman→policewoman(女警察)构词法派生法后缀表示人构词法派生法名词后缀-ness

如：awkward→awkwardness(笨拙;尴尬)；careless→carelessness(粗心)-al

如：approve→approval(赞成;批准)；arrive→arrival(到达)；survive→survival(存活；幸存)构词法派生法名词后缀-tion

如：attract→attraction(吸引)；collect→collection(收藏品)；connect→connection(联系;连接物)-(ss)ion

如：discuss→discussion(讨论);express→expression(表情);admit→admission(入场费；准入)-ance

如：accept→acceptance(接受);appear→appearance(出现;外表);assist→assistance(帮助)构词法派生法名词后缀-ence

如：depend→dependence(信赖,依赖);differ→difference(差异);exist→existence(存在；生存)-ture

如：mix→mixture(混合；混合物);fail→failure(失败;没做到);press→pressure(压力)-y

如：recover→recovery(恢复,痊愈);deliver→delivery(递送，投递);discover→discovery(发现)构词法派生法名词后缀-(i)ty

如：electric→electricity(电);equal→equality(同等;平等);safe→safety(安全)动词后缀-en

如：length→lengthen(使)变长,延伸;strength→strengthen(加强)；fright→frighten(恐吓)形容词后缀-en

如：gold→golden(金制的)；wood→wooden(木制的)；语法填空

在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.Herejectsthewhiteboxesthat___________(tradition)beekeepersuse.traditional模拟操练修饰名词beekeepers，用tradition的形容词形式traditional。形容词的句法功能2.InadditiontotraditionalsymbolsincludingtheGreatWallandluckyanimals,theperformancealsoshowedChina’srecentengineeringand____________(technology)achievements.technological与空前的形容词engineering并列，修饰后面的名词achievements，用technology的形容词形式technological。3.Inaddition,ithelpedpeoplefeellessstressed,enhancedtheirmoodandincreasedtheirconfidence,________(society)skillsandfeelingofwell-being.4.Itseemslikethemost___________(enjoy)thingtodrinkacupofteaonaquietday.social修饰名词skills应用形容词。enjoyable修饰名词thing应用形容词，表示“令人愉快的”，填enjoyable。5.PlasticlabeledBPA-freemightuseotherchemicalsthathave_________(harm)healtheffects.6.“Thisisimportanttohelptargeteffortstoreducedepression,whichmakesitmuchharderforpeopletoadopt________(health)lifestylehabits,”saidDrJessTyrrell.harmful在名词前作定语，意为“有害健康的化学物质”，用harm的形容词形式harmful。healthy修饰名词lifestylehabits应用形容词。7.Thankstothehotanddryclimatethatresultsfrombeingsurroundedbythedesert,hugequantitiesoflargeand_____(juice)grapeswithverythinskinsareproduced.8.Robotsarealsoabletoworkin____________(danger)situations.juicy修饰名词grapes作定语，应用形容词。dangerous修饰名词situations应用形容词。9.DragonisabeliefofChinesenationanda_______(gold)Chineseelement(元素).10.YourfacereplacesJack’sorRose’s.Itlooksvery________(nature).golden修饰名词element需用形容词。natural在系动词look后作表语用形容词，故填natural。11.Tryingtomotivateyourselfinawaythatisn’t_________(attract)toyouwillmakeitdifficulttoconvinceyourselftowork.12.Ifyou’reinterestedinotherpeople,theirculture,andtheirlanguage,they’llbe_________(friend)toyou.attractive作表语用形容词。friendly系动词后跟形容词作表语，故填friendly。13.It’sobviousthatthisserviceis___________(convenience)totheold,especiallytothedisabledcustomers.14.Intoday’sworldmanypeopleseemtobe_______(hunger)formoney.

convenient作表语用形容词。hungry在be动词后应用形容词作表语，behungryforsth(渴望得到某物)。15.Evenifagradeisnotgiven,thestudentis____________(responsibility)forlearningthematerialassigned.16.However,theminingwaseventuallystopped,asthesaltwasn’tfittoeatoruseinotherproductsbecauseitwas__________(poison).

responsible系动词后应接形容词作表语。poisonous在系动词was后作表语应用形容词。17.ThestructuralprinciplesofChinesearchitecturehaveremainedlargely___________(change),themainchangesbeingonlythedecorativedetails.unchanged因remained在此处是系动词，由后面的only可知是没有变化，故填形容词unchanged。18.Whilebeescrawled(爬)overhishandsandarmshesaid,“ItfeelssocloseandIfeelhow________(deep)webelongandhowimportantitistokeepthemsafefromharm.”deeply修饰后面的动词belong，用deep的副词形式deeply。副词的句法功能gradually修饰谓语动词wasbrought用副词。simply修饰动词was用副词，表示“仅仅；简单地”。21.InGermany,seventyhistoricbuildingshavebeen________(heavy)damagedsince2000.22.Therestofusare___________(extreme)sensitivetothebitternessthatsome

plants

developtokeepanimalsfromeatingthem.heavily修饰动词damaged，要用副词。extremely修饰形容词sensitive(敏感的)，用副词。23.Facialrecognitioncamerasaddchargestotheroomrate______________(automatic).automatically考查词性转换。修饰动词add要用副词。24.“AddOil”istheliteralEnglishtranslationoftheChinesephrase“Jiāyóu”(Cantonese“GaYau”),whichisusedtoexpressencouragement,___________(excite),orsupporttoothers.excitement由与之并列的encouragement,support可知，用excite的名词形式excitement。名词的句法功能25.BecausebadairmakesitdifficultformetobreatheandIthinkitdoesinfluencemy_____________(perform)atwork.26.Inthefifthgrade,Janethad_________(difficult)inhermathsclass.performance作influence的宾语，且在形容词性物主代词my后用名词。difficulty作have的宾语用名词。27.Well,losingajob,ornotbeingabletofindone,almostalwayscauses_________(sad).28.Theteamtestedtheirresultsinmanypeopleandtheyreachedthesame___________(conclude),verifyingtheirresults.sadness作动词causes的宾语应用名词。conclusion作动词reached的宾语应用名词。29.Recentlyresearchershavefoundthatsingingingroupscouldhaveapositiveimpactonreducing_______(anxious)anddepression(抑郁).30.Sincethebeginningoftimenothreewordshaveeverinvitedmore__________(please)than“Iloveyou”.anxiety与depression并列，作动词reduce的宾语，要用名词。pleasure作谓语invite的宾语，应用名词。wisdom由and可知，空格处应填的词与spirit(精神)并列，一起作contains的宾语，故填wise的名词形式wisdom(智慧)。belief作动词have的宾语，用名词。33.Withallhisgreatexperienceand_________(strong),hestruggleswiththefishforthreedaysandeventuallysucceedsincatchingit.34.Apaintingwitha_________(long)of1,014.37metershasreceivedaGuinnessWorldRecordtitleforthelongestdrawingbyanindividualartist.strength与前面的greatexperience并列，用strong的名词形式strength。length在不定冠词后要用单数名词，故填long的名词形式length。35.Friendsareimportantfortheirproper__________

(grow)anddevelopment.36.Itcouldexplainsomeofthedifferencesinourfood___________(prefer).growth与development并列作介词for的宾语，用名词。preference作介词in的宾语，用名词，ourfoodpreference意为“我们的食物喜好”，其中名词food作定语，表示喜好的类别。37.KentuckyFriedChickenhaslaunchedanewthemedbranchinhonorofLeiFeng,alegendarysoldiercelebratedinChinaforhisselflessnessand_________(modest),inhishometownChangsha,HunanProvince.38.So,whatisbehindthestory?Filllifewithloveand________(brave),andweshallliveahappylife.modesty与selflessness并列作介词for的宾语，用名词。bravery与love并列作介词with的宾语，应使用名词。operation作介词for的宾语应用名词。starvation作介词from的宾语，要用名词。41.Suchuniquethreatscallforunique__________(protect).42.Theshowcenteredonthetalentsofateamof24rollerskating__________(perform)fromBeijingSportUniversity.protection作介词for的宾语，用名词，故填protection。performers由前面的show可知，是来自北京体育大学的24名轮滑“表演者”，且为复数。inconvenience作介词的宾语用名词，或在the后用名词，根据句意可知用inconvenience(不便)。happiness由与之并列的health可知用名词形式，一起作介词for的宾语。45.Heexperiencedthousandsof__________(fail).46.Holmwoodhasworkedasaliteraryagentand__________(translate)fornineyears,andhasseenfirsthandhowChinesetitlescontinuetogainagreateraudienceworldwide.failures作介词的宾语用名词，又由thousandsof可知failure要用复数。translator与“aliteraryagent(文学经纪人)”并列作介词as的宾语，表示“翻译者”。producer句意：这位制作人靠年轻的小猪佩奇发了财。作主语，表示“制作人”，故填producer。49.Audiencescannotonlyunderstandhowtoappreciatethe

_______(beautiful)ofculturerelics,butalsoknowthecivilizationthe