河南省许昌市2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题（含答案解析）

许昌市2023—2024学年第一学期期末教学质量检测高一英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatfruitdoesthewomansuggest?A.Oranges.B.Bananas.C.Apples.2.Howwillthespeakersgotothepark?A.Bybike.B.Bybus.C.Onfoot.3.Howdoesthegirlusuallygotoschool?A.Bycar.B.Onfoot.C.Bybike.4.Howfarawayisthenearesthospital?A.Threekilometers.B.Fourkilometers.C.Fivekilometers.5.Whichpartofthewoman’sbodyisinpain?.A.Herhead.B.Herarm.C.Herfoot.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhendidthewomangetanemailfromMary?A.Yesterday.B.Lastweek.C.Lastyear.7.WhatdoesMarydonow?A.Areporter.B.Alawyer.C.Ateacher.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.What’stheman’strouble?A.Hecan’tfallasleepatnight.B.Heistiredofhiswork.C.Hecoughsalotatnight.9.Howlonghasthemanbeenfeelingbad?A.Foroneday.B.Fortwodays.C.Forthreedays.10.Whatdoesthewomantellthemantodo?A.Changehisjob.B.Getmoreexercise.C.Drinksomemilkatnight.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Atarestaurant.B.Attheman’shouse.C.Atthewoman’shome.12.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantostartwith?A.Sometea.B.Frenchtoast.C.Acupofcoffee.13.Howoftendoesthemanusuallyhavecoffee?A.Never.B.Onceaday.C.Twiceaday.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whodidtheboygotothezoowith?A.Hismother.B.Histeacher.C.Hisfriend’sfamily.15.Whatdidtheboydoonthebus?A.Heplayedgames.B.Helistenedtotheradio.C.Hewatchedvideosofanimals.16.Whatdidtheboyseefirst?A.Monkeys.B.Giraffes.C.Lions.17.Howmanylionswerethere?A.Five.B.Three.C.Two.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Wheredidthestoryhappen?AInacinema.B.Inalibrary.C.Inashop.19.Whywasthewomanangry?A.Themanwastalkingloudly.B.Shelostapieceofchocolate.C.Themanwasmakingnoise.20.Whatdidthemanreallywanttofind?A.Hisglasses.B.Histeeth.C.Hisseat.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATHEBOBBAKERMARIONETTESCOMETOYOU!Bookamarionette(牵线木偶)showtocometoyourbackyard,neighborhoodpark,school,orsimplyanywherethere’sfuntobehad!Forover55years,theBobBakerMarionettes(BBMT)havebeentakingtheirshowontheroad,andtheycan’twaittocometoYOU!Wehaveseveralchoicestosuitanysizecelebrationorevent.One-ManShow($350)·25-minuteperformance·Asingleperformerand12marionettesperformasetvarietyshowofendlessjoy!·SpaceRequired:10ft×15ftTwo-ManShow($650)·25-minuteperformance·Twoperformersand25marionetteshelpyoucreateamazingmemories!·Severalthemeoptions(主题选项):SomethingtoCrowAbout,TheCIRCUS,andHallowe’enSpOoKtAcUlAr!·SpaceRequired:15ft×20ftNotes:·Pleasemakeyourshowrequestatleast3weeksinadvance.·Forallshowoptions,thetravelfeeisincludedforthefirst25miles!Distancesover25milesfromourHighlandParklocationwillincur(带来)anadditionaltravelfeeof$50flat.Allshowsareself-contained.Theshowisdonetoapre-recordedtape.We’llbringthespeakersystem;wejustaskforapoweroutlet(电源插座).Aftertheshow,weprideourselvesonshowingoffthehistoricandbeautifulmarionettes,andansweringquestionsfromouraudience!ForBirthdayCelebrations,ourmarionetteswillbringagifttocelebratethebirthdayperson,andsing“HappyBirthday”alongwiththeaudience!READYTOBOOKABOBBAKERTRAVELINGSHOW?Pleasesendusamessage!1.Howmuchshouldpeoplepayforatwo-manshowperformed30milesfromBBMT?A.$350. B.$400. C.$650. D.$700.2.WhatshouldpeoplepreparetoenjoyaBobBakertravelingshow?A.Asquareroom. B.Apoweroutlet.C.Ataperecorder. D.Aspeakersystem.3.Whatcanabirthdaypersondoathisbirthdaycelebrations?A.Tryoutthemarionettes.B.Singwiththemarionettes.C.Getapresentfromthemarionettes.D.Choosehisfavoritemarionettestoperform.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍预定木偶表演需要知道的信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Two-ManShow($650)部分“Two-ManShow($650)(双人表演（650美元）)”和Notes部分“Forallshowoptions,thetravelfeeisincludedforthefirst25miles!Distancesover25milesfromourHighlandParklocationwillincur(带来)anadditionaltravelfeeof$50flat.(对于所有表演选项，前25英里的旅行费都包含在内！距离我们的高地公园位置超过25英里将产生50美元的额外旅行费。)”可知，双人表演需要650美元，但是距离超过25英里需要产生50美元的额外旅行费，所以人们应该为距离BBMT30英里的双人表演支付700美元。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Notes部分“wejustaskforapoweroutlet(我们只是要一个电源插座)”可知，鲍勃的表演只是要一个电源插座。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“ForBirthdayCelebrations,ourmarionetteswillbringagifttocelebratethebirthdayperson,andsing“HappyBirthday”alongwiththeaudience!(在生日庆祝活动中，我们的提线木偶将带上礼物给生日的人庆祝，并与观众一起唱“生日快乐”！)”可知，过生日的人可以从提线木偶那里得到一份礼物。故选C。BWhenHurricaneIanhitFlorida,KarenLauderrefusedtoleaveherhomebecauseshewaswrongabouttheintensity(强度)ofthestorm.Karenis84yearsoldanddependsonawheelchairtogetaroundbecausesheismissingaleg.Herson,JohnnyLauder,triedrepeatedlytogethertoleave,butsherefused.Johnnyandhiswholefamilylivewithinafewblocksofoneanother.TheykeptintouchwithKarenasthestormcontinuedviolently(猛烈地)outside,watchingthewaterrisingdangerouslyallaroundthem.WhenKarenreportedthatthewaterinherhousehadreachedherbottom,Johnnyknewhehadtotakeaction.First,Johnnyensuredhissonsandtheirpetsweretakencareof.Then,hejumpedoutofawindowandbegantoswim.Johnnyusedtoworkasarescueswimmer.Heisobviouslyastrongswimmer,butthefloodwaterwasfilledwithdangerousmaterials.Therewasalsoastrongcurrent(水流),andhehadtoswimagainstitformostofhistriptoKaren’s.Ashemadehiswaythroughthewater,Johnnystoppedperiodicallytosnapselfies(自拍)toshowhisworriedfamilythathewasokay.Johnnywasracingagainsttheclock.HeknewheonlyhadashortperiodoftimetogettherebeforethewaterroseaboveKaren’shead.Ittookhim40minutestoswimfourblocks.ThesoundofKarenshoutinginsidewasmusictohisears!“Ifitwould’vebeen20minuteslater,shewouldn’tbehere,”Johnnysaid.“She’sneverbeenhappiertoseeme.”Karenisnowsafe,althoughsheisinthehospitalbeingtreatedforinfections(感染)shegotinthewater.Thefamilyhavealllosteverythingtheyowned,includingtheirhouses,butthey’regratefuljusttobehere.4.WhydidKarendecidetostayinherhousewhenHurricaneIancame?A.Shehadnowheretogo.B.Shewastoooldtomove.C.Shethoughtthestormwasnotviolent.D.Shelostherwheelchairandwasunabletoleave.5.WhydidJohnnytakeselfiesalongthewaytoKaren’shome?A.Torecordhisswimmingtrip. B.Toshowoffhisswimmingskills.C.Towarnotherrescuersofdanger. D.Toreporthissafetytohisfamily.6.HowdidJohnny’sfamilykeepintouchinthestorm?A.Byshouting. B.Overthephone.C.Throughe-mail. D.Withother’shelp.7.HowdidJohnnyfeelwhenheheardKarenshouting?A.Curious. B.Frightened. C.Confused. D.Relieved.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.D【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了飓风伊恩（Ian）袭击佛罗里达州时，约翰尼（Johnny）游了四个街区去救自己因为缺少一条腿而坐轮椅的母亲凯伦·劳德（KarenLauder）的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“WhenHurricaneIanhitFlorida,KarenLauderrefusedtoleaveherhomebecauseshewaswrongabouttheintensity(强度)ofthestorm.(飓风伊恩袭击佛罗里达州时，凯伦·劳德拒绝离开家，因为她对风暴强度的判断有误。)”可知，凯伦不愿意离开家是因为她对飓风的强度判断失误。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Ashemadehiswaythroughthewater,Johnnystoppedperiodicallytosnapselfies(自拍)toshowhisworriedfamilythathewasokay.(当他穿过水面时，约翰尼不时停下来自拍，向忧心忡忡的家人表示他没事。)”可知，当约翰尼穿过水面时还不时停下来自拍，是为了向忧心忡忡的家人报告他的安全状况。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Ashemadehiswaythroughthewater,Johnnystoppedperiodicallytosnapselfies(自拍)toshowhisworriedfamilythathewasokay.(当他穿过水面时，约翰尼不时停下来自拍，向忧心忡忡的家人表示他没事。)”可知，约翰尼是通过手机和家人联系的。故选B。7题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“ThesoundofKarenshoutinginsidewasmusictohisears!(凯伦在里面叫喊的声音对他来说简直是音乐！)”可知，当儿子约翰尼听到母亲凯伦的叫喊时他感到很安慰，因为他的母亲还活着。故选D。CJaceTunnell,thefounderofNurdleItrollandReserveDirectorattheUniversityofTexasMarineScienceInstitute,islisteningtothesamequestionoften.“Iheareveryday,somebodysays,‘Whatisanurdle?’”hesaid.Tunnellexplainednurdlesaretinyballsofplasticthataretypicallyusedtomakealmosteveryplasticitemweuse,sothey’reeverywhere!Hesaidnurdlesareusuallyspilled(溢出)duringtransportfromcargoshipsorrailroadcars.“Thesethingswouldbeouthereforhundredsofyearsifwe’renotpickingthemup,”TunnellsaidwhileonarecentNurdlePatrolcleanupalongGalvestonBay.Since2018,NurdlePatrolhasgrowntothousandsofvolunteersworldwide.Manypeople-volunteerwithNurdlePatrolandworkfortheGalvestonBayFoundation.NurdlePatrolgroupsuploadtheirfindingstothenonprofit’swebsitemap.It’smarkedincolorstoshowwherethehighestconcentrationofnurdlesisfound.“Theylooknatural,andbirdsthinkthatthey’refood,”Tunnellsaid,“Birds,fish,seaturtlesandotherseaanimalscaneatnurdlesandfinallydiefromhungerbecauseofafalsesensationoffullnessandlackofnutrition.”Iendedupfinding123nurdlesin10minutes.That’shighconcentration,”Tunnellsaidaboutarecentcleanup.“Iplantotakethosetoanelectedofficialandsay,‘Look,thesearewhatIfoundonourbeacheshere.Weneedtodosomethingaboutthis.’So,itkindofputsinmotionchangethatcanhappen.”NurdlePatrolhassentouthundredsofkits(工具包)globally,manytoschoolsandvolunteerorganizations,withinformationaboutgatheringnurdlesandreportingthefindingssafely.Anyonecanrequestakitthroughtheirwebsite.8.Whatdoweknowaboutthenurdle?A.Itiseasilybrokendown. B.Itisasmallpieceofplastic.C.ItwasinventedbyTunnell. D.Itismainlyusedtomakeships.9.WhatdoTunnell’swordsinparagraph5mainlystress?A.Theuniquelookofnurdles. B.Thenumberofnurdlesinthesea.C.Nurdles’harmtoseaanimals’food. D.Nurdles’impactonseaanimals.10.WhatdoesTunnellwanttodo?A.Drawamapofnurdles’concentration. B.Callthegovernment’sattentiontonurdles.C.Organizemorecleanupsalongthebeaches. D.SharehisfindingsonNurdlePatrol’swebsite.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Groupsurveysthelevelofpollutioninthesea B.GrouptakesactiontoreducetheuseofplasticsC.Grouptriestodealwithpollutantharmingwildlife D.Grouplooksforvolunteersforitsbeachcleanups【答案】8.B9.D10.B11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了NurdleItroll组织致力于清理海洋中的小塑料球，解释了其危害以及组织的发展情况。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Tunnellexplainednurdlesaretinyballsofplasticthataretypicallyusedtomakealmosteveryplasticitemweuse,sothey’reeverywhere!(Tunnell解释说，nurdle是一种微小的塑料球，通常用于制造我们使用的几乎所有塑料制品，所以它们无处不在)”可知，nurdle是塑料块。故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段““Theylooknatural,andbirdsthinkthatthey’refood,”Tunnellsaid,“Birds,fish,seaturtlesandotherseaanimalscaneatnurdlesandfinallydiefromhungerbecauseofafalsesensationoffullnessandlackofnutrition.”(“它们看起来很自然，鸟类认为它们是食物，”Tunnell说，“鸟类、鱼类、海龟和其他海洋动物吃了它们，最终会因为饱腹和缺乏营养的错觉而死于饥饿。”)”可推知，Tunnell在第5段主要强调了小塑料球对海洋动物的影响。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““Iplantotakethosetoanelectedofficialandsay,‘Look,thesearewhatIfoundonourbeacheshere.Weneedtodosomethingaboutthis.’So,itkindofputsinmotionchangethatcanhappen.”(“我打算把这些拿给一位民选官员，说，‘看，这些是我在我们这里的海滩上发现的。我们得做点什么。’所以，这在某种程度上推动了可能发生的变化。”)”可知，Tunnell想唤起政府对小塑料球的注意。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Since2018,NurdlePatrolhasgrowntothousandsofvolunteersworldwide.Manypeople-volunteerwithNurdlePatrolandworkfortheGalvestonBayFoundation.NurdlePatrolgroupsuploadtheirfindingstothenonprofit’swebsitemap.It’smarkedincolorstoshowwherethehighestconcentrationofnurdlesisfound.(自2018年以来，NurdlePatrol已经发展到全球数千名志愿者。许多人在Nurdle巡逻队做志愿者，并为加尔维斯顿湾基金会工作。NurdlePatrol小组将他们的发现上传到非营利组织的网站地图上。它用颜色标出了颗粒浓度最高的地方)”结合文章主要介绍了NurdleItroll组织致力于清理海洋中的小塑料球，解释了其危害以及组织的发展情况。可知，C选项“一个组织试图处理危害野生动物的污染物”最符合文章标题。故选C。DThereisafive-and-a-half-milebikepathsittinginthemiddleofaneight-lanehighway(八车道公路),toppedwithasolarpanel(太阳能板)thatlightsupthestreetsbelowinSouthKorea.Butthisisnotanordinarybikepath.Itstartedasanideatoproducecleanenergywhilegivingpeopleaplacetoexerciseatthesametime.SouthKoreabuiltthiseco-friendlybicyclelanethatconnectsthecitiesofDaejeontoSejongin2014.The13-foot-widepathsetinthemiddleofahighwayisuniqueinSouthKoreawheremostbicyclepathsarebuiltnexttowalkways.Butwhatreallymakesthepathstandoutisitsone-of-a-kindfeature—asolarpanel-linedroof.SeveralothercitygovernmentsinSouthKoreahavebuiltbikeroadswithsolarpanels,butthisparticularroadinSejongremainsthelongestandtheonlyonesetinthemiddleofahighway.With7,502solarpanelsfixedatintervals(间隔空间)ofabout30inches,thepanelingcovers3milesofthe5.5-milecyclinghighwayandiscapableofproducinganaverageof2,200MWhofeco-friendlyelectricityeveryyearthatpowersmanyofthestreetlightsandelectronicdisplaysinSejong.TheKoreaWesternPowerCo.,Ltd.isinchargeofcheckingandrepairingthesolarpanelstokeepupthepowerefficiency(效率).“Solarpanelsinpublicequipmentarepartofatrend(趋势)incleanenergy,”KimGeun-ho,aresearcherfromtheGreenEnergyInstitutesaid.“Atthebeginningstage,solarpowergenerationwasmostlybuiltinvastfarmlandandmountainousareas.Itmovedontopublicequipmentrooftops,andfinallyevolvedtoplaytheroleofashelterandpowergeneratoratthesametime,inthiscase,aroofontopofabikeroad.”“ThisisthefastestbikeroadIcantakefrommyhomeinDaejeontomyworkplaceinSejong,”saidParkYoon-soo,whohasbeengoingtoworkeverydayusingthesolarpanelbikeroadforthelasttwoyears.“Ihavealwaysappreciatedthesolarpanelroofsbecausetheybecomegoodshadeunderstrongsunlight,andaroofwhenitrains.”12.Forwhatpurposewasthebikepathbuilt?A.Totryoutanidea. B.Togetcleanenergy.C.Tosolvetrafficjams. D.Toencouragelessdriving.13.Whatmakesthebikepathdifferentfromotheroneswithsolarpanels?A.Itswidth. B.Itssolarpanels.C.Itslocation. D.Itsenergyoutput.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evolved”inparagraph4mean?A.Survived. B.Happened. C.Waited. D.Developed.15.WhatdoesParkYoon-soothinkofthisbikepath?A.Itisconvenient. B.Itisenergy-saving.C.Itisagoodplacetorelax. D.Itismoney-savinghightech.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.A【解析】【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍韩国一条八车道高速公路中间的一条五英里半长的自行车道。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Butthisisnotanordinarybikepath.Itstartedasanideatoproducecleanenergywhilegivingpeopleaplacetoexerciseatthesametime.(但这不是一条普通的自行车道。它最初是一个生产清洁能源的想法，同时给人们一个锻炼的地方。)”可知，车道的建立目的是为了获得清洁的能源。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“The13-foot-widepathsetinthemiddleofahighwayisuniqueinSouthKorea,wheremostbicyclepathsarebuiltnexttowalkways.(设置在高速公路中间的13英尺宽的小路在韩国是独一无二的，那里的大多数自行车道都建在人行道旁边。)”可知，这条自行车道与其他带太阳能电池板的自行车道不同点在于它的位置，它位于一条八车道高速公路的中间。故选C。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段“Atthebeginningstage,solarpowergenerationwasmostlybuiltinvastfarmlandandmountainousareas.Itmovedontopublicequipmentrooftops,andfinallyevolvedtoplaytheroleofashelterandpowergeneratoratthesametime,inthiscase,aroofontopofabikeroad.(初期，太阳能发电大多建在广阔的农田和山区。它转移到公共设备的屋顶上，最终evolved为同时扮演避难所和发电机的角色，在这种情况下，它是自行车道顶部的屋顶。)”可知，这里介绍太阳能发电的发展，所以evolved的意思应该是“演变，发展”，和选项D意思一致。故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““ThisisthefastestbikeroadIcantakefrommyhomeinDaejeontomyworkplaceinSejong,”saidParkYoon-soo(ParkYoon-soo说：“这是我从大田的家到世宗的工作场所能走的最快的自行车道。”)”可知，ParkYoon-soo认为走这条自行车道上下班很方便。故选A。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Beingresilientisn’taboutavoidingmisfortune,butratherhowwerespondtoit.Resiliencemeans“doingwellinthefaceofriskormisfortune,”saysSuniyaLuthar,co-founderofAuthenticConnections,acompanythathelpsteachresilienceandwell-being.___16___.“Weallgetdepleted(筋疲力尽)fromtimetotime,andthebigepidemichasalmostemptiedtheresilienceofnearlyeveryone,atonetimeoranother,”saysAnnMasten,aprofessorofchilddevelopmentattheUniversityofMinnesota.Evenifyouconsideryourselfresilient,youmayneedaboosterdose(21128剂量)inespeciallyhardtimes.___17___.Nurture(培育)relationships___18___,saysMichaelUngar,authorofChangeYourWorld:TheScienceofResilienceandtheTruePathtoSuccess.Whenmisfortunestrikes,asupportivefriendwithgoodlisteningskillcanmakeabigdifference.Andifyouwantyourfriendsandfamilytosupportyourresilience,remembertosupporttheirstoo.Findasenseofpurpose___19___,Ungarsays.Yoursenseofpurposedoesn’thavetocomefromschoolorwork;itcanalsocomefromhobbiesorvolunteerprojects,likegrowingabackyardvegetablegardenorcleaninguplitterinaneighborhoodpark.Don’ttrytobanish(消除)misfortunecompletelyResilienceusuallyreferstohowwedealwithseriousmisfortune,Mastensays,butourreactionstobigproblemsmaybeinspiredpartlybythemanysmallproblemswefaceindailylife.“___20___.Andgraduallyouradaptivesystemswillbeimproved,”shesays.A.Tobuildresilience,expertssuggestthefollowingB.Recentlywe’veallneededtodrawonourresilienceC.EveryonestartsoutwithadifferentlevelofresilienceD.SetupandmaintainasupportnetworkbeforeyouneeditE.TakesometimeeverydaytocareforyourmindandyourbodyF.Whensomebodyneedsyou,youjustdealwithstressmuchbetterG.Everydaystressprobablyhelpsuslearnhowtodealwithbiggerchallenges【答案】16.B17.A18.D19.F20.G【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍韧性的概念以及如何建立韧性。【16题详解】根据下文““Weallgetdepleted(筋疲力尽)fromtimetotime,andthebigepidemichasalmostemptiedtheresilienceofnearlyeveryone,atonetimeoranother,”saysAnnMasten,aprofessorofchilddevelopmentattheUniversityofMinnesota.(明尼苏达大学儿童发展教授AnnMasten说：“我们都会时不时地筋疲力尽，而这场大流行病几乎在某个时候耗尽了几乎每个人的韧性。”)”可知，人类因为大流行病而几乎耗尽每个人的韧性，所以我们更需要它。选项B“最近我们都需要利用我们的韧性”和下文意思一致。故选B。【17题详解】根据上文“Evenifyouconsideryourselfresilient,youmayneedaboosterdose(21128剂量)inespeciallyhardtimes.(即使你认为自己有韧性，在特别困难的时候，你也可能需要加强针。)”和下文“Nurture(培育)relationships(培育关系)”可知，下文介绍建立韧性的方法。选项A“为了建立韧性，专家建议如下”和上下文意思一致。故选A。【18题详解】根据下文“Whenmisfortunestrikes,asupportivefriendwithgoodlisteningskillcanmakeabigdifference.Andifyouwantyourfriendsandfamilytosupportyourresilience,remembertosupporttheirstoo.(当不幸降临时，一个有良好倾听能力的支持性朋友会产生很大的影响。如果你想让你的朋友和家人支持你的韧性，记得也要支持他们。)”可知，这里建议要有良好的社会关系网。选项D“在需要之前建立并维护支持网络”和下文意思一致。故选D。【19题详解】根据下文“Yoursenseofpurposedoesn’thavetocomefromschoolorwork;itcanalsocomefromhobbiesorvolunteerprojects,likegrowingabackyardvegetablegardenorcleaninguplitterinaneighborhoodpark.(你的目标感不一定来自学校或工作；它也可以来自业余爱好或志愿者项目，比如在后院种植菜园或清理附近公园的垃圾。)”可知，这里建议人们要让自己觉得被需要。选项F“当有人需要你时，你会更好地应对压力”和下文意思一致。故选F。【20题详解】根据上文“Resilienceusuallyreferstohowwedealwithseriousmisfortune,Mastensays,butourreactionstobigproblemsmaybeinspiredpartlybythemanysmallproblemswefaceindailylife.(Masten说，韧性通常指的是我们如何应对严重的不幸，但我们对大问题的反应可能部分受到我们日常生活中面临的许多小问题的启发。)”可知，这里建议人们要勇敢面对日常生活中面临的许多小问题。选项G“每天的压力可能有助于我们学会如何应对更大的挑战”和上文意思一致。故选G。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。“Whenonedoorcloses,”thesayinggoes,“anotherdooropens.”Forone___21___dog,itappearsthatsayingisalsosuitablefordoggydoors.AdognamedSheldontookpartinaprogramto___22___aservicedog.Unluckilyhecouldn’tquitemakethe___23___.Wheneverhewould___24___somethinginteresting,Sheldon’sconcentrationflewoutofthewindowandallhewantedtodowas___25___thesource.Buttheverythingthatmadehimafailureasaservicedogmeanthewaslikely___26___foranotherdogjob.SheldonwassenttotheStateFarmArsonDogProgram,wherehissensitive(灵敏的)nosesoonputhim___27___theclassfordetectingtheaccelerants(探测肋燃剂)usedtolightillegalfires.___28___JohnTadlockoftheSaginawfiredepartment,afterhis___29___Sheldonwentontobecomethedepartment’sbestaccelerantdetectiondog.Inhisfirst____30____,SheldonandhispartnerTadlockwerecalledtoacarshoptolookintosomecarsthathadbeen____31____undersuspicious(可疑的)circumstances.Afterthreedays,noonehadbeenabletofigureouthowthefiregotstarted—butthecausewasn’t____32____toSheldon.“Iputhimto____33____.Ittookhimabout30secondstogivemeanalert(警报),”Tadlocksaid.Sheldonfoundtheevidencewithno____34____.Foradogwithasupersenseofsmell,weguesswhetheryou’retailingbadguysorhuntingforajob,it’salwaysbesttofollowyour____35____.21.A.old B.special C.lucky D.sick22.A.help B.visit C.teach D.become23.A.difference B.mistake C.grade D.change24.A.find B.taste C.smell D.hear25.A.huntdown B.returnto C.learnabout D.dependon26.A.sorry B.perfect C.famous D.responsible27.A.inthefrontof B.atthebottomof C.inthemiddleof D.atthetopof28.A.Playingwith B.Pairedwith C.Agreeingwith D.Facedwith29.A.graduation B.recovery C.birth D.death30.A.course B.race C.case D.program31.A.sold B.built C.stolen D.burnt32.A.confusing B.interesting C.clear D.important33.A.sleep B.work C.flight D.risk34.A.fear B.choice C.difficulty D.experience35.A.nose B.head C.plan D.dream【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.C25.A26.B27.D28.B29.A30.C31.D32.A33.B34.C35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一只叫做Sheldon的狗，原本参与了一个服务犬项目但未成功。然而，他的敏感嗅觉使得他成为了一个出色的探测狗。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于一只特别的狗来说，这句话似乎也适用于小狗们的门。A.old老的；B.special特别的；C.lucky幸运的；D.sick生病的。根据下文“hissensitive(灵敏的)nose”可知，Sheldon是一只嗅觉很灵敏的狗，即它是一直很特别的狗，故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一只名叫Sheldon的狗参加了一个成为服务犬的计划。A.help帮助；B.visit参观；C.teach教；D.become成为。根据下文“aservicedog”可知，Sheldon是想成为一只服务犬，故选D项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，他没能取得好成绩。A.difference差异；B.mistake错误；C.grade成绩；D.change变化。根据上文“Unluckily”可知，它没有有成功成为一名服务犬，意味着没有取得好成绩，故选C项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当他闻到有趣的东西时，谢尔顿的注意力就会飞出窗外，他只想寻找源头。A.find找到；B.taste品尝；C.smell闻到；D.hear听到。根据下文“hissensitive(灵敏的)nose”可知，Sheldon嗅觉很灵敏，当它闻到什么有趣的东西时，就会被吸引过去，故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：每当他闻到有趣的东西时，谢尔顿的注意力就会飞出窗外，他只想寻找源头。A.huntdown追寻；B.returnto回归；C.learnabout了解；D.dependon依靠。根据下文“hissensitive(灵敏的)nose”可知，Sheldon嗅觉很灵敏，当它闻到什么有趣的东西时就会被吸引过去，去追寻气味的来源，故选A项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但正是这使他成为服务犬的失败意味着他可能非常适合另一份狗的工作。A.sorry对不起的；B.perfect完美的；C.famous出名的；D.responsible负责的。根据“Buttheverythingthatmadehimafailureasaservicedogmeanthewaslikely___6___foranotherdogjob.”可知，Sheldon不适合做一只服务犬，但是可能很适合其他任务，perfectforsth表示“适合做”，故选B项。【27题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：Sheldon被送往州立农场纵火犬计划，在那里，他灵敏的鼻子很快使他在检测用于点燃非法火灾的促进剂方面名列前茅。A.inthefrontof在前面；B.atthebottomof在底部；C.inthemiddleof在中间；D.atthetopof在顶部。根据下文“becomethedepartment’sbestaccelerantdetectiondog.”可知，Sheldon灵敏的嗅觉让它在这个班级里名列前茅，atthetopof表示“在……的顶端”，故选D项。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Sheldon与萨吉诺消防局的约翰·塔德洛克（JohnTadlock）配对，毕业后继续成为该部门最好的加速剂探测犬。A.Playingwith玩；B.Pairedwith搭配；C.Agreeingwith同意；D.Facedwith面对。根据下文“SheldonandhispartnerTadlock”可知，Sheldon与Tadlock搭配成一组，故选B项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Sheldon与萨吉诺消防局的约翰·塔德洛克（JohnTadlock）配对，毕业后继续成为该部门最好的加速剂探测犬。A.graduation毕业；B.recovery康复；C.birth出生；D.death死亡。根据上文“SheldonwassenttotheStateFarmArsonDogProgram,wherehissensitive(灵敏的)nosesoonputhim___7___theclassfordetectingtheaccelerants(探测肋燃剂)usedtolightillegalfires.”可知，Sheldon是参加了探测助燃剂的培训，此处是指在培训结束后，即毕业后，Sheldon正式成为一名探测助燃剂的狗狗，故选A项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他的第一个案例中，谢尔顿和他的搭档塔德洛克被叫到一家汽车店，调查一些在可疑情况下被烧毁的汽车。A.course课程；B.race比赛；C.case案例；D.program课程。根据下文“SheldonandhispartnerTadlockwerecalledtoacarshoptolookintosomecarsthathadbeen___11___undersuspicious(可疑的)circumstances.”可知，这是他的第一个案例，故选C项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他的第一个案例中，谢尔顿和他的搭档塔德洛克被叫到一家汽车店，调查一些在可疑情况下被烧毁的汽车。A.sold出售；B.built建；C.stolen偷；D.burnt烧。根据下文“noonehadbeenabletofigureouthowthefiregotstarted”可知，是被烧毁的汽车，故选D项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：三天后，没有人能够弄清楚火灾是如何开始的——但原因并没有让谢尔顿感到困惑。A.confusing邻人困惑的；B.interesting有趣的；C.clear清晰的；D.important重要的。根据上文“noonehadbeenabletofigureouthowthefiregotstarted—butthecausewasn’t”可知，虽然没有能弄清楚是如起火的，但是对Sheldon来说一点也不迷惑，故选A项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我让他去工作。A.sleep睡眠；B.work工作；C.flight飞行；D.risk风险。putsbtowork表示“让某人投入工作”，此处是指让Sheldon开始利用自己的嗅觉去搞清楚起火的原因，故选B项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Sheldon没有丝毫困难的找到了证据。A.fear恐惧；B.choice选择；C.difficulty困难；D.experience经验。根据上文“tookhimabout30secondstogivemeanalert”可知，30秒就发出了警报，说明找的很快，没有丝毫困难，故选C项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于一只嗅觉超强的狗来说，我们猜无论你是在尾随坏人还是在找工作，最好跟着你的鼻子走。A.nose鼻子；B.head头；C.plan计划；D.dream梦。根据前文“senseofsmell”可知，空处对应的是鼻子，故选A项。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheWashingtonStateDepartmentofAgriculture(WSDA)saidalargeatlasmoth(皇蛾)___36___(find)onagarage(车库)wasidentifiedasthefirstatlasmotheverdocumentedintheUnitedStates.Thedepartmentsaid___37___universityteachertookplacephotoswhenhefoundthelargemothrestingonthewallof___38___(he)garageonJuly7.Stateofficials___39___(careful)examinedthephotosand___40___(confirm)theinsectwasanatlasmoth,oneoftheworld’slargestspeciesofmoth.Atlasmothsarenative___41___thetropics(热带地区)andhaveneverbeendocumentedintheUnitedStates.“Thisisan___42___(attract)typeofinsectbecauseitissolarge,”saidSven-ErikSpichigerfromtheagriculturedepartment.“Evenifyoudon’tkeepaneyeoutforinsects,thisisonethatpeoplewillgettheirphonesoutandtakeapictureof—theyarethatstriking.”___43___(researcher)saidtheyarenowtryingtofindoutifthemothispartofapopulationinWashington.Theyareaskinganyone___44___discoversasimilarinsect____45____(report)ittopestprogram@.“Wehoperesidentswillhelpuslearnifthiswasaone-offescapeeorwhethertheremightbeapopulationinthearea,”thedepartmentsaid.【答案】36.found37.a38.his39.carefully40.confirmed41.to42.attractive43.Researchers44.who##that45.toreport【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍有人在车库里发现的一只大型阿特拉斯蛾被确认为美国有史以来第一只记录在案的阿特拉斯蛾。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：华盛顿州农业部（WSDA）表示，在车库里发现的一只大型阿