大学英语六级考试模拟试卷四十五（带答案）

大学英语六级考试模拟试卷四十五

（总分：32.00,做题时间：130分钟）

一、单选题（总题数:30,分数：30.00）

1.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

EruptinginSeptember2008,theglobalfinancialcrisishas___1fora

decade.Afterthecrisis,theworldwidetrendofsurplusproductioncapacity

and__2demandcouldnotbereversedandtheworldeconomyhas

remained3Jeadingto___4changesintheworldandcreatingserious

socialproblems.Weneedtoanalyzetherootcausesandlessonsofthecrisissoasto

better5anylikelynewcrisis.

Afterthecrisis,manyreasonswere6,suchasgreedyfinancial

institutionsandfinancialproductinvestorswhocaredonlyforhighinvestment

returnsbutwere7thehighrisks;loopholesintheaccountingsystemand

problematicpracticesandprinciplesoftheindustry;irresponsibleratingfirmswhose

creditscoreswerenotinlinewithfacts;andexcessivefinancialinnovation

but__8fi-nancialregulation,whichcausedsystemicrisks.

Alltheseneedtobe9,buttheyarenottherootcausesofthe

once-in-a-centurycrisis.A-gainstthebackgroundofglobalizationandthehistoryof

the20thcentury,wecan10therealrootcause:themassivesurpluscaused

byinformationasymmetryandinadequacyduringtheprocessofinternationalcapital

andproductioncapacitytransfer.ltledtoboththeGreatDepressioninthe1930sand

therecentGreatRecession.

空白处1应填

无（分数：1.00）

A.rectified

B.overall

C.listed

D.react

E.compatible

F.deficient

G.figureout

H.lastedV

l.significant

J.regardIessof

K.fluctuated

L.address

M.little

N.sluggish

O.incompatible

解析：根据空前的助动词has,空后的名词adecade可知，此处应填一个动

词。文章第一句提到“全球金融危机已经十年”，由句意可推知，此处

应填“持续”，因此选择last。故本题选H。

2.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

EruptinginSeptember2008,theglobalfinancialcrisishas___1fora

decade.Afterthecrisis,theworldwidetrendofsurplusproductioncapacity

and__2demandcouldnotbereversedandtheworldeconomyhas

remained3,leadingto4changesintheworldandcreatingserious

socialproblems.Weneedtoanalyzetherootcausesandlessonsofthecrisissoasto

better5anylikelynewcrisis.

Afterthecrisis,manyreasonswere6,suchasgreedyfinancial

institutionsandfinancialproductinvestorswhocaredonlyforhighinvestment

returnsbutwere7thehighrisks;loopholesintheaccountingsystemand

problematicpracticesandprinciplesoftheindustry;irresponsibleratingfirmswhose

creditscoreswerenotinlinewithfacts;andexcessivefinancialinnovation

but__8fi-nancialregulation,whichcausedsystemicrisks.

Alltheseneedtobe9,buttheyarenottherootcausesofthe

once-in-a-centurycrisis.A-gainstthebackgroundofglobalizationandthehistoryof

the20thcentury,wecan10therealrootcause:themassivesurpluscaused

byinformationasymmetryandinadequacyduringtheprocessofinternationalcapital

andproductioncapacitytransfer.ltledtoboththeGreatDepressioninthe1930sand

therecentGreatRecession.

空白处2应填

无（分数:1.00）

A.rectified

B.overall

C.listed

D.react

E.compatible

F.deficientV

G.figureout

H.lasted

l.significant

J.regardIessof

K.fluctuated

L.address

M.little

N.sluggish

O.incompatible

解析:根据空前句子的意思“危机后，世界产能过剩和需求的趋势”

可知，此处所填单词要和“过剩”相呼应，均为负面或消极意义的词汇，且修饰

名词needs,所以只能选择具有负面意义的形容词。浏览选项，只有deficient和

incompatible符合,deficient意为“不充分的;不足的”,incompatible意为“不

相容的;矛盾的"，只有deficient符合句意。故本题选F。

3.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

EruptinginSeptember2008,theglobalfinancialcrisishas___1fora

decade.Afterthecrisis,theworldwidetrendofsurplusproductioncapacity

and__2demandcouldnotbereversedandtheworldeconomyhas

remained3Jeadingto4changesintheworldandcreatingserious

socialproblems.Weneedtoanalyzetherootcausesandlessonsofthecrisissoasto

better5anylikelynewcrisis.

Afterthecrisis,manyreasonswere6,suchasgreedyfinancial

institutionsandfinancialproductinvestorswhocaredonlyforhighinvestment

returnsbutwere7thehighrisks;loopholesintheaccountingsystemand

problematicpracticesandprinciplesoftheindustry;irresponsibleratingfirmswhose

creditscoreswerenotinlinewithfacts;andexcessivefinancialinnovation

but__8fi-nancialregulation,whichcausedsystemicrisks.

Alltheseneedtobe9,buttheyarenottherootcausesofthe

once-in-a-centurycrisis.A-gainstthebackgroundofglobalizationandthehistoryof

the20thcentury,wecan10therealrootcause:themassivesurpluscaused

byinformationasymmetryandinadequacyduringtheprocessofinternationalcapital

andproductioncapacitytransfer.ltledtoboththeGreatDepressioninthe1930sand

therecentGreatRecession.

空白处3应填

无（分数：1.00）

A.rectified

B.overall

C.listed

D.react

E.compatible

F.deficient

G.figureout

H.lasted

Lsignificant

J.regardIessof

K.fluctuated

L.address

M.little

N.sluggishV

O.incompatible

解析：空前的单词remain为动词，故此处要填形容词。根据前文所描述的

内容以及单词remain“保持”可知，此处要填的是含负面或消极意义的词汇，

选项中只有sluggish“萧条的；缓慢的；迟钝的”符合题意。故本题选N。

4.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

EruptinginSeptember2008,theglobalfinancialcrisishas___1fora

decade.Afterthecrisis,theworldwidetrendofsurplusproductioncapacity

and__2demandcouldnotbereversedandtheworldeconomyhas

remained3Jeadingto___4changesintheworldandcreatingserious

socialproblems.Weneedtoanalyzetherootcausesandlessonsofthecrisissoasto

better5anylikelynewcrisis.

Afterthecrisis,manyreasonswere6,suchasgreedyfinancial

institutionsandfinancialproductinvestorswhocaredonlyforhighinvestment

returnsbutwere7thehighrisks;loopholesintheaccountingsystemand

problematicpracticesandprinciplesoftheindustry;irresponsibleratingfirmswhose

creditscoreswerenotinlinewithfacts;andexcessivefinancialinnovation

but__8fi-nancialregulation,whichcausedsystemicrisks.

Alltheseneedtobe9,buttheyarenottherootcausesofthe

once-in-a-centurycrisis.A-gainstthebackgroundofglobalizationandthehistoryof

the20thcentury,wecan10therealrootcause:themassivesurpluscaused

byinformationasymmetryandinadequacyduringtheprocessofinternationalcapital

andproductioncapacitytransfer.ltledtoboththeGreatDepressioninthe1930sand

therecentGreatRecession.

空白处4应填

无（分数：1.00）

A.rectified

B.overall

C.listed

D.react

E.compatible

F.deficient

G.figureout

H.lasted

l.significantV

J.regardIessof

K.fluctuated

L.address

M.little

N.sluggish

O.incompatible

解析：根据空后的名词change可知，此处应填形容词。本句and引导并列

成分，后半句意为“造成严重的社会问题”，其中“严重的”和空内所填单词为

对应关系，纵观选项内的形容词，只有significant“重大的”符合句意。故本题

选I。

5.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

EruptinginSeptember2008,theglobalfinancialcrisishas___1fora

decade.Afterthecrisis,theworldwidetrendofsurplusproductioncapacity

and__2demandcouldnotbereversedandtheworldeconomyhas

remained3,leadingto___4changesintheworldandcreatingserious

socialproblems.Weneedtoanalyzetherootcausesandlessonsofthecrisissoasto

better5anylikelynewcrisis.

Afterthecrisis,manyreasonswere6,suchasgreedyfinancial

institutionsandfinancialproductinvestorswhocaredonlyforhighinvestment

returnsbutwere7thehighrisks;loopholesintheaccountingsystemand

problematicpracticesandprinciplesoftheindustry;irresponsibleratingfirmswhose

creditscoreswerenotinlinewithfacts;andexcessivefinancialinnovation

but__8fi-nancialregulation,whichcausedsystemicrisks.

Alltheseneedtobe9,buttheyarenottherootcausesofthe

once-in-a-centurycrisis.A-gainstthebackgroundofglobalizationandthehistoryof

the20thcentury,wecan10therealrootcause:themassivesurpluscaused

byinformationasymmetryandinadequacyduringtheprocessofinternationalcapital

andproductioncapacitytransfer.ltledtoboththeGreatDepressioninthe1930sand

therecentGreatRecession.

空白处5应填

无（分数：1.00）

A.rectified

B.overall

C.listed

D.react

E.compatible

F.deficient

G.figureout

H.lasted

l.significant

J.regardIessof

K.fluctuated

L.addressJ

M.little

N.sluggish

O.incompatible

解析：soasto为固定搭配，意为“以便；以致”，后接动词，表示目的。前

半句中的analyze表示分析问题，然后通过soasto表示将处理问题的目的。list

意为“列举”，不合文意。address意为“应对；处理”，符合句意。故本题选L。

6.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

EruptinginSeptember2008,theglobalfinancialcrisishas___1fora

decade.Afterthecrisis,theworldwidetrendofsurplusproductioncapacity

and__2demandcouldnotbereversedandtheworldeconomyhas

remained3Jeadingto___4changesintheworldandcreatingserious

socialproblems.Weneedtoanalyzetherootcausesandlessonsofthecrisissoasto

better5anylikelynewcrisis.

Afterthecrisis,manyreasonswere6,suchasgreedyfinancial

institutionsandfinancialproductinvestorswhocaredonlyforhighinvestment

returnsbutwere7thehighrisks;loopholesintheaccountingsystemand

problematicpracticesandprinciplesoftheindustry;irresponsibleratingfirmswhose

creditscoreswerenotinlinewithfacts;andexcessivefinancialinnovation

but__8fi-nancialregulation,whichcausedsystemicrisks.

Alltheseneedtobe9,buttheyarenottherootcausesofthe

once-in-a-centurycrisis.A-gainstthebackgroundofglobalizationandthehistoryof

the20thcentury,wecan10therealrootcause:themassivesurpluscaused

byinformationasymmetryandinadequacyduringtheprocessofinternationalcapital

andproductioncapacitytransfer.ltledtoboththeGreatDepressioninthe1930sand

therecentGreatRecession.

空白处6应填

无（分数：1.00）

A.rectified

B.overall

C.listedV

D.react

E.compatible

F.deficient

G.figureout

H.lasted

l.significant

J.regardIessof

K.fluctuated

L.address

M.little

N.sluggish

0.incompatible

解析：根据逗号后面的suchas可知，后半句为举列，因此前半句为举列前

的引出，故动词list“引举”符合，且由were引导，为被动语态。故本题选C。

7.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

EruptinginSeptember2008,theglobalfinancialcrisishas___1fora

decade.Afterthecrisis,theworldwidetrendofsurplusproductioncapacity

and__2demandcouldnotbereversedandtheworldeconomyhas

remained3Jeadingto4changesintheworldandcreatingserious

socialproblems.Weneedtoanalyzetherootcausesandlessonsofthecrisissoasto

better5anylikelynewcrisis.

Afterthecrisis,manyreasonswere6,suchasgreedyfinancial

institutionsandfinancialproductinvestorswhocaredonlyforhighinvestment

returnsbutwere7thehighrisks;loopholesintheaccountingsystemand

problematicpracticesandprinciplesoftheindustry;irresponsibleratingfirmswhose

creditscoreswerenotinlinewithfacts;andexcessivefinancialinnovation

but__8fi-nancialregulation,whichcausedsystemicrisks.

Alltheseneedtobe9,buttheyarenottherootcausesofthe

once-in-a-centurycrisis.A-gainstthebackgroundofglobalizationandthehistoryof

the20thcentury,wecan10therealrootcause:themassivesurpluscaused

byinformationasymmetryandinadequacyduringtheprocessofinternationalcapital

andproductioncapacitytransfer.ltledtoboththeGreatDepressioninthe1930sand

therecentGreatRecession.

空白处7应填

无（分数：1.00）

A.rectified

B.overall

C.listed

D.react

E.compatible

F.deficient

G.figureout

H.lasted

l.significant

J.regardIessofV

K.fluctuated

L.address

M.little

N.sluggish

0.incompatible

解析：由上个空格内所填内容可知，and后的句意为“金融产品投资者只关

心高投资回报却高风险”，根据句子逻辑关系可知，此处应填“不顾，

不管”,因此regardlessof符合句意。故本题选J。

8.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

EruptinginSeptember2008,theglobalfinancialcrisishas___1fora

decade.Afterthecrisis,theworldwidetrendofsurplusproductioncapacity

and__2demandcouldnotbereversedandtheworldeconomyhas

remained3,leadingto___4changesintheworldandcreatingserious

socialproblems.Weneedtoanalyzetherootcausesandlessonsofthecrisissoasto

better5anylikelynewcrisis.

Afterthecrisis,manyreasonswere6,suchasgreedyfinancial

institutionsandfinancialproductinvestorswhocaredonlyforhighinvestment

returnsbutwere7thehighrisks;loopholesintheaccountingsystemand

problematicpracticesandprinciplesoftheindustry;irresponsibleratingfirmswhose

creditscoreswerenotinlinewithfacts;andexcessivefinancialinnovation

but__8fi-nancialregulation,whichcausedsystemicrisks.

Alltheseneedtobe9,buttheyarenottherootcausesofthe

once-in-a-centurycrisis.A-gainstthebackgroundofglobalizationandthehistoryof

the20thcentury,wecan10therealrootcause:themassivesurpluscaused

byinformationasymmetryandinadequacyduringtheprocessofinternationalcapital

andproductioncapacitytransfer.ltledtoboththeGreatDepressioninthe1930sand

therecentGreatRecession.

空白处8应填

无（分数:1.00）

A.rectified

B.overall

C.listed

D.react

E.compatible

F.deficient

G.figureout

H.lasted

I.significant

J.regardIessof

K.fluctuated

L.address

M.little

N.sluggish

O.incompatibleV

解析：本句中有but一词，表示转折关系，前半句为“过度的金融创新”,

后半句为“金融监管”，因为二者的关系导致了“系统性风险”，根据逻辑推断，

其关系为“矛盾的”或“相反的”。纵观选项，incompatible意为“不相容的；矛

盾的”，符合句意。故本题选0。

9.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

EruptinginSeptember2008,theglobalfinancialcrisishas___1fora

decade.Afterthecrisis,theworldwidetrendofsurplusproductioncapacity

and__2demandcouldnotbereversedandtheworldeconomyhas

remained3Jeadingto___4changesintheworldandcreatingserious

socialproblems.Weneedtoanalyzetherootcausesandlessonsofthecrisissoasto

better5anylikelynewcrisis.

Afterthecrisis,manyreasonswere6,suchasgreedyfinancial

institutionsandfinancialproductinvestorswhocaredonlyforhighinvestment

returnsbutwere7thehighrisks;loopholesintheaccountingsystemand

problematicpracticesandprinciplesoftheindustry;irresponsibleratingfirmswhose

creditscoreswerenotinlinewithfacts;andexcessivefinancialinnovation

but__8fi-nancialregulation,whichcausedsystemicrisks.

Alltheseneedtobe9,buttheyarenottherootcausesofthe

once-in-a-centurycrisis.A-gainstthebackgroundofglobalizationandthehistoryof

the20thcentury,wecan10therealrootcause:themassivesurpluscaused

byinformationasymmetryandinadequacyduringtheprocessofinternationalcapital

andproductioncapacitytransfer.ltledtoboththeGreatDepressioninthe1930sand

therecentGreatRecession.

空白处9应填

无（分数：1.00）

A.rectifiedJ

B.overall

C.listed

D.react

E.compatible

F.deficient

G.figureout

H.lasted

I.significant

J.regardIessof

K.fluctuated

L.address

M.little

N.sluggish

O.incompatible

解析：needtodosth.意为“需要做某事需变为被动语态，needtobedone,

此处填人动词rectified合适。rectify意为“矫正；纠正”，可搭配torectifyafault,

意为“改正缺点:故本题选A。

10.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

EruptinginSeptember2008,theglobalfinancialcrisishas___1fora

decade.Afterthecrisis,theworldwidetrendofsurplusproductioncapacity

and__2demandcouldnotbereversedandtheworldeconomyhas

remained3Jeadingto4changesintheworldandcreatingserious

socialproblems.Weneedtoanalyzetherootcausesandlessonsofthecrisissoasto

better5anylikelynewcrisis.

Afterthecrisis,manyreasonswere6,suchasgreedyfinancial

institutionsandfinancialproductinvestorswhocaredonlyforhighinvestment

returnsbutwere7thehighrisks;loopholesintheaccountingsystemand

problematicpracticesandprinciplesoftheindustry;irresponsibleratingfirmswhose

creditscoreswerenotinlinewithfacts;andexcessivefinancialinnovation

but__8fi-nancialregulation,whichcausedsystemicrisks.

Alltheseneedtobe9,buttheyarenottherootcausesofthe

once-in-a-centurycrisis.A-gainstthebackgroundofglobalizationandthehistoryof

the20thcentury,wecan10therealrootcause:themassivesurpluscaused

byinformationasymmetryandinadequacyduringtheprocessofinternationalcapital

andproductioncapacitytransfer.ltledtoboththeGreatDepressioninthe1930sand

therecentGreatRecession.

空白处10应填

无（分数：1.00）

A.rectified

B.overall

C.listed

D.react

E.compatible

F.deficient

G.figureoutV

H.lasted

Lsignificant

J.regardlessof

K.fluctuated

L.address

M.little

N.sluggish

O.incompatible

解析：由空后的“真正的根本原因”可知，此处要填动词。选项中的动词短

语figureout意为“想出；弄明白”，符合句子的逻辑关系。故本题选G。

参考译文

自2008年9月爆发以来，全球金融危机已经持续了十年。危机过后，全球

产能过剩和需求不足的趋势无法逆转，世界经济仍然低迷，导致世界发生重大变

化并造成严重的社会问题。我们需要分析危机的根本原因，并吸取教训，以便更

好地解决任何可能发生的新危机。

在危机之后，人们列出了许多理由。例如贪婪的金融机构和金融产品投资者

只关心高投资回报却不顾高风险；会计制度的漏洞和行业的存在问题的做法和准

则；不负责任的评级公司，其信用评分与事实不符；过度的金融创新与金融监管

制度相抵触，造成系统性风险。

所有这些都需要纠正，但这些不是百年一遇危机的根本原因。在全球化和

20世纪历史的背景下，我们可以找出真正的根本原因：信息不对等造成的巨额

盈余以及国际资本和产能转移过程中的不足。这导致了20世纪30年代的大萧条

和最近的大萧条。

11.NewDiscoveriesofPublicTransport

(A)AnewstudyconductedfortheWorldBankbyMurdochUniversity'sInstitute

forScienceandTechnologyPolicy(ISTP)hasdemonstratedthatpublictransportis

moreefficientthancars.Thestudycomparedtheproportionofwealthpouredinto

transportbythirty-sevencitiesaroundtheworld.Thisincludedboththepublicand

privatecostsofbuilding,maintainingandusingatrans-portsystem.

(B)ThestudyfoundthattheWesternAustraliancityofPerthisagoodexample

ofacitywithmini-malpublictransport.Asaresult,17%ofitswealthwentinto

transportcosts.SomeEuropeanandAsiancities,ontheotherhand,spentaslittleas

5%,ProfessorPeterNewman,ISTPDirector,pointedoutthatthesemoreefficient

citieswereabletoputthedifferenceintoattractingindustryandjobsorcreatinga

betterplacetolive.

(C)AccordingtoProfessorNewman,thelargerAustraliancityofMelbourneisa

ratherunusualcityinthissortofcomparison.Hedescribesitastwocities:"A

Europeancitysurroundedbyacar-dependentone."Melbourne'slargetram

networkhasmadecaruseintheinnercitymuchlower,buttheoutersuburbshave

thesamecar-basedstructureasmostotherAustraliancities.Theexplosionin

demandforaccommodationintheinnersuburbsofMelbournesuggestsarecent

changeinmanypeople'spreferencesastowheretheylive.

(D)Newmansaysthisisanew,broaderwayofconsideringpublictransport

issues.Inthepast,thecaseforpublictransporthasbeenmadeonthebasisof

environmentalandsocialjusticeconsid-erationsratherthaneconomics.Newman,

however,believesthestudydemonstratesthat“theauto-dependentcitymodelis

inefficientandgrosslyinadequateineconomicaswellasenviron-mentalterms”.

(E)BicycleusewasnotincludedinthestudybutNewmannotedthatthetwo

most“bicyclefriendly,,citiesconsidered-AmsterdamandCopenhagen-werevery

efficient,eventhoughtheirpublictransportsystemswere-ureasonablebutnot

special”.

(F)ltiscommonforsupportersofroadnetworkstorejectthemodelsofcities

withgoodpublictransportbyarguingthatsuchsystemswouldnotworkintheir

particularcity.Oneobjectionisclimate.Somepeoplesaytheircitycouldnotmake

moreuseofpublictransportbecauseitisei-thertoohotortoocold.Newmanrejects

this,pointingoutthatpublictransporthasbeensuccess-fulinbothTorontoand

Singaporeand,infact,hehascheckedtheuseofcarsagainstclimateandfound

“zerocorrelation”.

(G)Whenitcomestootherphysicalfeatures,roadlobbiesareonstronger

ground.Forexample,New-manacceptsitwouldbehardforacityashillyasAuckland

todevelopareallygoodrailnetwork.However,hepointsoutthatZurichhas

managedtomakeasuccessofitsrailsystems,heavyandlight,thoughtherearefew

citiesintheworldashilly.

(H)lnfact,Newmanbelievesthemainreasonforadoptingonesortoftransport

overanotherispolitics广Themoredemocratictheprocess,themorepublictransport

isfavoured.”HeconsidersPort-land,Oregon,aperfectexampleofthis.Someyears

ago,federalmoneywasgrantedtobuildanewroad.However,localpressuregroups

forcedareferendumoverwhethertospendthemoneyonlightrailinstead.Therail

proposalwonandtherailwayworkedspectacularlywell.lntheyearsthathave

followed,moreandmorerailsystemshavebeenputin,dramaticallychangingthe

natureofthecity.NewmannotesthatPortlandhasaboutthesamepopulationas

Perthandhadasimilarpopulationdensityatthetime.

(I)lntheUK,traveltimestoworkhadbeenstableforatleastsixcenturies,with

peopleavoidingsituationsthatrequiredthemtospendmorethanhalfanhour

travellingtowork.Trainsandcarsinitiallyallowedpeopletoliveatgreaterdistances

withouttakinglongertoreachtheirdestina-tion.However;publicinfrastructuredid

notkeeppacewithurbansprawl,causingmassivecon-gestionproblemswhichnow

makecommutingtimesfarhigher.

(J)Thereisawidespreadbeliefthatincreasingwealthencouragespeopletolive

fartheroutwherecarsaretheonlyviabletransport.TheexampleofEuropeancities

refutesthat.TheyareoftenwealthierthantheirAmericancounterpartsbuthavenot

generatedthesamelevelofcaruse.InStockholm,carusehasactuallyfalleninrecent

yearsasthecityhasbecomelargerandwealthier.Anewstudymakesthispointeven

morestarkly.DevelopingcitiesinAsia,suchasJakartaandBangkok,makemoreuse

ofthecarthanwealthyAsiancitiessuchasTokyoandSingapore.Incitiesthat

developedlater,theWorldBankandAsianDevelopmentBankdiscouragedthe

build-ingofpublictransportandpeoplehavebeenforcedtorelyoncars-creatingthe

massivetrafficjamsthatcharacterizethosecities.

(K)Newmanbelievesoneofthebeststudiesonhowcitiesbuiltforcarsmightbe

convertedtorailuseisTheUrbanVillagereport,whichusedMelbourneasan

example.ltfoundthatpushingeveryoneintothecitycentrewasnotthebest

approach.Instead,theproposaladvocatedthecreationofurbanvillagesathundreds

ofsites,mostlyaroundrailwaystations.

(L)ltwasonceassumedthatimprovementsintelecommunicationswouldlead

tomoredispersalinthepopulationaspeoplewerenolongerforcedinto

cities.However,theISTPteam'sresearchdemonstratesthatthepopulationandjob

densityofcitiesroseorremainedconstantinthe1980safterdecadesofdecline.The

explanationforthisseemstobethatitisvaluabletoplacepeopleworkinginrelated

fieldstogether."Thenewworldwilllargelydependonhumancreativity,and

creativityflourisheswherepeoplecometogetherface-to-face.

InMelbourne,peopleprefertoliveintheinnersuburbs.

无(分数：1.00)

A.A

B.B

C.CJ

D.D

E.E

F.F

G.G

H.H

l.l

JJ

K.K

L.L

解析：题干中的两个名词Melbourne和suburbs可以将答案定位在C段，The

explosionindemandforaccom-modationintheinnersuburbsofMelbourne

suggestsarecentchangeinmanypeople'spreferencesastowheretheylive.即近交B

住房需求激增说明人们选择住在近郊。故本题选C。

12.NewDiscoveriesofPublicTransport

(A)AnewstudyconductedfortheWorldBankbyMurdochUniversity*sInstitute

forScienceandTechnologyPolicy(ISTP)hasdemonstratedthatpublictransportis

moreefficientthancars.Thestudycomparedtheproportionofwealthpouredinto

transportbythirty-sevencitiesaroundtheworld.Thisincludedboththepublicand

privatecostsofbuilding,maintainingandusingatrans-portsystem.

(B)ThestudyfoundthattheWesternAustraliancityofPerthisagoodexample

ofacitywithmini-malpublictransport.Asaresult,17%ofitswealthwentinto

transportcosts.SomeEuropeanandAsiancities,ontheotherhand,spentaslittleas

5%,ProfessorPeterNewman,ISTPDirector,pointedoutthatthesemoreefficient

citieswereabletoputthedifferenceintoattractingindustryandjobsorcreatinga

betterplacetolive.

(C)AccordingtoProfessorNewman,thelargerAustraliancityofMelbourneisa

ratherunusualcityinthissortofcomparison.Hedescribesitastwocities:"A

Europeancitysurroundedbyacar-dependentone.nMelbourne'slargetram

networkhasmadecaruseintheinnercitymuchlower,buttheoutersuburbshave

thesamecar-basedstructureasmostotherAustraliancities.Theexplosionin

demandforaccommodationintheinnersuburbsofMelbournesuggestsarecent

changeinmanypeople'spreferencesastowheretheylive.

(D)Newmansaysthisisanew,broaderwayofconsideringpublictransport

issues.Inthepast,thecaseforpublictransporthasbeenmadeonthebasisof

environmentalandsocialjusticeconsid-erationsratherthaneconomics.Newman,

however,believesthestudydemonstratesthat“theauto-dependentcitymodelis

inefficientandgrosslyinadequateineconomicaswellasenviron-mentalterms”.

(E)Bicyc