江苏省苏州市张家港市2023-2024学年高二下学期4月期中英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1江苏省苏州市张家港市2023-2024学年高二下学期4月期中英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwilltheweatherbelikethisafternoonaccordingtothewoman?A.SunnyB.Windy.C.Rainy.2.Howmuchchangeshouldthewomanhavereceived?A.$2.B.$3.C.$5.3.Whatdoesthewomanenjoydoingonline?A.Chatting.B.ShoppingC.Reading.4.Whichsubjectdidthemanteach?A.English.B.Math.C.Physics.5.Whatdoesthemanoffertodoforthewoman?A.Finishherwork.B.Lookafterherhusband.C.Takehertoadoctor.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inalivingroom.B.Inabedroom.C.Inakitchen.7.Whatkindofschoolworkhavethespeakersprobablybeendoing?A.Planningaclassproject.B.Preparingforexams.C.Writingapaper.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Happy.B.UpsetC.Understanding.9.Whatsuggestiondoesthemantake?A.Gettingaprivatebathroom.B.Usinghisparents’bathroom.C.Makingaschedulewithhissister.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Carsalespersonandcustomer.B.Policeofficerandvictim.C.Neighbors.11.Whatarethelastthreelettersofthenewcar’sregistrationnumber?A.TLW.B.9LR.C.AJD.12.Whatdidtheman’sdaughterbuy?A.Somefood.B.AphoneC.Awallet.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?A.Planningabusinesstrip.B.Takingcareofchildren.C.Makingaschedule.14.WhoisLauraprobably?A.Thewoman’smother.B.Theman’sdaughter.C.Theman’swife.15.Whatdidthemandolastweekend?A.Hewentforarun.B.Heplayedwiththekids.C.Heattendedabirthdayparty16.Whenwillthespeakersprobablymeettomorrow?A.At10:00a.m.B.At2:00p.m.C.At4:00p.m.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.HowmanychildrendoesMaryhave?A.Two.B.ThreeC.Five.18.WhatwasMary’sdreamcareerwhenshewaslittle?A.Anurse.B.Apilot.C.Ateacher.19.WhatdidteacherssayaboutMaryatschool?A.Shewasfunny.B.Shewascaring.C.Shewashard-working.20.WhatisthenameofMary’syoungestson?A.John.B.George.C.Michael，第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。APlanningavisittotheUK?Herewehelpwithwaystocutyourcosts.AVOIDBIGEVENTSBigsportingevents,concertsandexhibitionscanincreasethecostofaccommodation(膳宿)andmakeithardertofindaroom.AstandarddoubleroomattheThistleBrightononthefinalFridayoftheBrightonComedyFestival(19Oct.)cost£169.15atB.Aweeklater,thesameroomcost£118.15.Ifyoucanbeflexibleandwanttoknowdatestoavoidoryou’relookingforabigeventtopassyourtime—checkoutsitessuchasW,whichallowyoutosearchforeventsintheUKbycity,dateandcategory.STAYAWAYFROMTHESTATIONIftravelingtoyourdestinationbytrain,youmaywanttofindagoodbaseclosetothestation,butyoucouldenduppayingmoreforthesakeofconvenienceatthestartofyourholiday.Don’tbetoochoosyaboutthepartoftownyoustayin.Ifyoubooktwomonthsinadvance,thecheapestroomatTravelodge’sCentralEustonhotelinLondonforSaturday,September22was£95.95.AroomjustatubejourneyawayatitsCoventGardenhotelwas£75.75.AndatFarringdon,adoubleroomcostjust£62.95.GETONABIKELondon’s“Borisbikes”haveattractedthemostattention,butothercitiesalsohavesimilarprogrammesthatletyourentabicycleandexploreatyourownpace,savingyouonpublictransportorcarparkingcosts.AmongthesmallercitieswiththeirownprogrammesareNewcastle(casualmemberspayaround£1.50fortwohours)andCardiff(freeforupto30minutes,or£5perday).1.TheBrightonComedyFestivalismentionedmainlytoshowbigeventsmay_______.A.attractlotsoftravelerstotheUKB.allowtravelerstomakeflexibleplansC.leadtolongqueuesanddelaystotravelersD.causetravelerstopaymoreforaccommodation2.Whatdoes“Farringdon”inParagraph5referto?A.Thenameofatravelagency. B.Anidealholidaydestination.C.Ahotelawayfromthetrainstation D.ThetubelinetoCoventGarden.3.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToshowvisitorshowtorentbikesB.Tooffervisitorssomemoney-savingtips.C.Tosupplyvisitorswithhotelinformation.D.Totellvisitorshowtobookhotelsinadvance.〖答案〗1.D2.C3.B【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章针对去欧洲旅行的游客，给出了一些省钱的建议。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据AVOIDBIGEVENTS部分“Bigsportingevents,concertsandexhibitionscanincreasethecostofaccommodation(膳宿)andmakeithardertofindaroom.AstandarddoubleroomattheThistleBrightononthefinalFridayoftheBrightonComedyFestival(19Oct.)cost£169.15atB.Aweeklater,thesameroomcost£118.15.(大型体育赛事、音乐会和展览可能会增加住宿费用，让人更难找到房间。布莱顿喜剧节最后一个星期五(10月19日)，在B上，布莱顿蓟酒店的标准双人房价格为169.15英镑。一周后，同样的房间价格为118.15英镑)”可知，提到布莱顿喜剧节主要是为了展示大型活动可能会导致游客支付更多的住宿费用。故选D项。【2题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段“Don’tbetoochoosyaboutthepartoftownyoustayin.Ifyoubooktwomonthsinadvance,thecheapestroomatTravelodge’sCentralEustonhotelinLondonforSaturday,September22was£95.95.AroomjustatubejourneyawayatitsCoventGardenhotelwas£75.75.(不要对你住的地方太挑剔。如果你提前两个月预订，9月22日(周六)Travelodge旗下伦敦中央尤斯顿酒店最便宜的房间是95.95英镑。在科文特花园酒店(CoventGarden)的一间客房仅需乘坐地铁即可到达，价格为75.75英镑)”可知，此处是在对酒店距离的对比，推知Farringdon应是离火车站很远的酒店。故选C项。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“PlanningavisittotheUK?Herewehelpwithwaystocutyourcosts.(计划去英国旅游？我们在这里提供帮助您降低成本的方法)”可知，本文的主要目的是给游客一些省钱的建议。故选B项。BMontessoriwasborninItalyin1870withprogressiveparents,whofrequentlycommunicatedwiththecountry’sleadingthinkersandscholars.ThisenlightenedfamilyenvironmentprovidedMontessoriwithmanyadvantagesoverotheryounggirlsofthetime.Hermother’ssupportwasvitalforsomeimportantdecisions,suchasherfurtherstudyinatechnicalschoolafterherelementaryeducation.Herparents’supportalsoprovedtobeessentialforherdecisiontostudymedicine,afieldthatwasdominatedbymen.Soonaftergraduating,in1896,MontessoribeganworkasavoluntaryassistantinaclinicattheUniversityofRome,whereshecaredforchildrenwithlearningdifficulties.Theroomswereempty,withjustafewpiecesoffurniture.Oneday,shefoundthatthechildrenwereenthusiasticallyplayingwithbreadcrumbs(面包屑)thathaddroppedonthefloor.Itthenoccurredtoherthattheoriginofsomeintellectualdisabilitiescouldberelatedwithpoverty.Withtherightlearningmaterials,theseandotheryoungmindscouldbetrained,Montessoriconcluded.TheobservationwouldleadMontessoritodevelopanewmethodofeducationthatfocusedonprovidingbetterstimulationduringthesensitiveperiodsofchildhood.Atitscentrewastheprinciple(原则)thatallthelearningmaterialsshouldbechild-sizedanddesignedtoappealtoallthesenses.Inaddition,eachchildshouldbeallowedtomoveandactfreely,andusetheircreativityandproblem-solvingskills.Teacherstooktheroleofguides,supportingthechildrenwithoutpressorcontrol.MontessoriopenedherfirstChildren’sHousein1907.WhentheFascists(法西斯主义者)firstcameintopowerinItalyin1922,theywelcomedhermovementatthebeginning.Buttheysooncametoopposetheemphasisonthechildren’sfreedomofexpression.Montessori'svalueshadalwaysbeenabouthumanrespectandtherightsofchildrenandwomen,buttheFascistswantedtouseherworkandherfame.ThingsreachedabreakingpointwhentheFascisttriedtoinfluencetheschools’educationalcontent,andin1934MontessoriandhersondecidedtoleaveItaly.Shedidn’treturntoherhomelanduntil1947,andshecontinuedtowriteaboutanddevelophermethoduntilherdeathin1952,attheageof81.4.WhatwasthemainreasonforMontessoritodevelopaneweducationalmethod?A.Herexperienceasavoluntaryassistantinaclinic.B.Herfamily’ssupportiveinfluenceonhereducation.C.Herdecisiontostudymedicine,afielddominatedbymen.D.Herobservationofchildrenplayingwithbreadcrumbshappily.5.WhatwasacentralprincipleofMontessori’seducationalmethod?A.Focusingongroupcompetition.B.Takingcontrolofchildren’saction.C.Providingone-size-fits-alllearningmaterials. D.Creatingafreeandchild-centeredenvironment.6.WhydidMontessoridecidetoleaveItalyin1934?A.Shewasofferedabetterjobinadifferentcountry.B.Shewasforcedtogiveupherworkandherfame.C.ShewantedtoavoidtheinfluencefromtheFascist.D.Shewantedtoexploreothercountriesandcultures.7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMontessoriinthispassage?A.Enthusiasticandkind. B.Observantandinnovative.C.Cooperativeandgenerous. D.Traditionalandemotional.〖答案〗4.D5.D6.C7.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了教育家蒙台梭利是如何发展出新的教育方法的，其教育方法的特色以及影响。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Oneday,shefoundthatthechildrenwereenthusiasticallyplayingwithbreadcrumbs(面包屑)thathaddroppedonthefloor.Itthenoccurredtoherthattheoriginofsomeintellectualdisabilitiescouldberelatedwithpoverty.(一天，她发现孩子们正兴高采烈地玩着掉在地上的面包屑。她突然想到，一些智力缺陷的根源可能与贫穷有关)”可知，蒙台梭利发展一种新的教育方法的主要原因是她观察到孩子们开心地玩面包屑。故选D。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Atitscentrewastheprinciple(原则)thatallthelearningmaterialsshouldbechild-sizedanddesignedtoappealtoallthesenses.Inaddition,eachchildshouldasobeallowedtomoveandactfreely,andusetheircreativityandproblem-solvingskills.Teacherstooktheroleofguides,supportingthechildrenwithoutpressorcontrol.(它的核心原则是，所有的学习材料都应该适合儿童，并设计成能吸引所有感官。此外，每个孩子也应该被允许自由移动和行动，并发挥他们的创造力和解决问题的能力。老师们扮演了向导的角色，在没有压力和控制的情况下支持孩子们)”可知，文中所描述的蒙台梭利教育方法的核心原则是营造自由、以儿童为中心的学习环境。故选D。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“ThingsreachedabreakingpointwhentheFascisttriedtoinfluencetheschools’educationalcontent,andin1934MontessoriandhersondecidedtoleaveItaly.(当法西斯主义者试图影响学校的教育内容时，事情达到了一个突破点，1934年蒙台梭利和她的儿子决定离开意大利)”可知，1934年，蒙台梭利决定离开意大利，因为她想避免法西斯分子对她工作的影响。故选C。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“TheobservationwouldleadMontessoritodevelopanewmethodofeducationthatfocusedonprovidingbetterstimulationduringthesensitiveperiodsofchildhood.(这一观察结果将引导蒙台梭利发展一种新的教育方法，专注于在儿童的敏感时期提供最佳的刺激)”以及倒数第二段“MontessoriopenedherfirstChildren’sHousein1907.(1907年，蒙台梭利开办了她的第一所儿童之家)”可推知，蒙台梭利是善于观察和创新的。故选B。CEvennow,Ihavevividmemoriesofmylastdayofhighschool.Inmymind’seye,I’mcleaningoutmylocker,andthenstaringattheemptinessforafewextrabeatsbeforeslammingitshutforthelasttime.I’mwanderinginthehallswithmybestfriend,blissfullyignoringthebellsgoingoffevery50minutesonschedulebecause,justtoday,we’reallowedtobreaktherules.I’msittingonmydesk,swingingmyfeet,andchattingwithmyEnglishteacher,Mr.Carr,inawaythatmakesmefeelalmostgrownup.Itwasmaybemyfavoritedayofthewholeyear.Likethefinallayerofwatercolor,thefreedomandlightnessIfeelseeps(渗透)intotherestofmymemoriesofthatdayandturnsthemjustashaderosier.Iftheschoolyearhasn’tyetendedforyou,considerwhatyoucandotomaketheendingcount.Why?Becausewhenitcomestohumanmemory,notallmomentsarecreatedequal.Instead,ourrememberedexperiencesaredisproportionately(不成比例地)influencedbypeaks(thebestmomentsaswellastheworst)andendings(thelastmoments).NobelPrizewinnerDannyKahneman,whodiscoveredthisphenomenon,calledthisthepeak-endrule.Itsuggeststhatourjudgmentofapastexperienceislargelybasedonitsmostextremepointanditsendpoint.Itookadvantageofthepeak-endruleyearsago,whenmygirlswereyoungenoughtowantabedtimestoryeachnight.Irememberthinkingthatwhatevertroubleandstresshadoccurredthatday,Icouldmakethelastmomentscount.IcouldendonanoteofcalmandactlikethepatientmomIhadn’tquitemanagedtobejusthoursbefore.Don’tmistakeallmomentsasequalinsignificance.There’sareasonwhyyogaclassesendwithsavasana(挺卧式).There’sareasonweeatdessertlast.Doorganizeendingscarefully.AsPeteCarrollmightsay:Finishstrong.Lastimpressionsareespeciallylasting.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph1mean?A.Happily. B.Surprisingly. C.Guiltily. D.Curiously.9.Whichstatementistrueaboutthepeak-endrule?A.ThelastmomentsmatterthemostinourmemoriesB.Peaksinlifecanberememberedbetterthanendings.C.Thepeaksandendsofexperiencesareeasiertoremember.D.Ourjudgmentofthepastisdeterminedbyfirstimpressions.10.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Whytheauthorreadstoriestoherkids.B.Whatchallengestheauthorfacedinlife.C.Howtheauthorappliedtheruletodailylife.D.Whentheauthoraccompaniedherdaughters.11.WhyarePeteCarroll’swordsmentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Toshowtheimportanceofeverymoment.B.Toencouragereaderstoenjoytheendings.C.Toexplainwhylastimpressionsarelasting.D.Toprovethepeak-endrulecanbeusedinsports.〖答案〗8.A9.C10.C11.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己高中最后一天的鲜活记忆和坚持给女儿讲睡前故事的经历讲述了“峰终定律”，它表明我们对一段经历的判断很大程度上取决于这段经历的巅峰和结尾，并建议人们珍惜结尾。【8题详析】词句猜测题。根据“I’mwanderinginthehallswithmybestfriend,blissfullyignoringthebellsgoingoffevery50minutesonschedulebecause,justtoday,we’reallowedtobreaktherules.(我和我最好的朋友在大厅里徘徊，……忽略了每50分钟按时响起的钟声，因为就在今天，我们被允许打破规则。)”可知，在这一天，他们不需要遵守学校的规则，由此可推测出，作者忽略每50分钟定期响一次的铃声时是感到非常高兴的，blissfully应表示“高兴地”，与happily意思相近，故选A项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“NobelPrizewinnerDannyKahneman,whodiscoveredthisphenomenon,calledthisthepeak-endrule.Itsuggeststhatourjudgmentofapastexperienceislargelybasedonitsmostextremepointanditsendpoint.(诺贝尔奖获得者丹尼·卡尼曼（DannyKahneman）发现了这种现象，他称之为峰值——终点规则。它表明，我们对过去经历的判断很大程度上是基于它最极端的点和终点。)”可知，峰终定律表明，我们在很大程度上是根据一段经历最极端的点和终点来判断的，由此可推断出，一段经历的巅峰和结尾是最容易被记住的，故选C项。【10题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Itookadvantageofthepeak-endruleyearsago,whenmygirlswereyoungenoughtowantabedtimestoryeachnight.Irememberthinkingthatwhatevertroubleandstresshadoccurredthatday,Icouldmakethelastmomentscount.IcouldendonanoteofcalmandactlikethepatientmomIhadn’tquitemanagedtobejusthoursbefore.(几年前，我利用了高峰期规则，当时我的女儿们还小，每天晚上都想听一个睡前故事。我记得我当时想，无论那天发生了什么麻烦和压力，我都可以让最后的时刻变得有意义。我可以以冷静的音符结束，表现得像几个小时前我还没有完全做到的耐心妈妈。)”可知，本段主要讲述了作者在生活中愚弄了峰终定律，每天坚持给女儿们讲睡前故事，无论这一天发生了什么，她都会耐心平静地用故事结束女儿们的一天，故选C项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Don’tmistakeallmomentsasequalinsignificance.There’sareasonwhyyogaclassesendwithsavasana(挺卧式).There’sareasonweeatdessertlast.Doorganizeendingscarefully.AsPeteCarrollmightsay:Finishstrong.Lastimpressionsareespeciallylasting.(不要把所有的时刻都误认为是同等的微不足道。瑜伽课以挺卧式结束是有原因的。我们最后吃甜点是有原因的。一定要仔细组织结局。正如皮特·卡罗尔（PeteCarroll）所说：坚强地完成。最后的印象尤其持久。)”可知，作者引用皮特·卡罗尔的话是想要说明结尾很重要，要精心安排结尾，目的是鼓励读者珍惜一段经历的最后时刻，故选B项。DLikemanypeopleoverthepastfewyears,Ihavefoundmyselfturningtoaudiobooksasmymainmeansofreadingliterature.Ifinditfarmorecomfortableto“readwithmyears”whilemyeyesareresting.Myconsumptionofnewbookshasdoubledasaresult--butarecentpapermakesmewonderifthiswillcomeatthepriceofmycomprehension.ThestudycomesfromBoazKeysarandJanetGeipel,bothattheUniversityofChicago,anditdrawsfromthe“dualprocessmodel”ofmentalprocessing.Accordingtothis-view,wehavetwowaysofassessinginformation.System1isintuitive(直觉的),relyingonnaturalabilityandfeeling.Itisquick,butlikelyexposedtomisinformation.System2isanalyticalinvolvingtheuseoflogicreasoning.Itismentallydemanding.Whenitisengaged,wethinkourwaythroughthematerialstepbystep.Fordecades,psychologistshavedesignedvariousteststodeterminewhichofthesetwosystemsapersonisusing.Asoneexample,considerthe/followingquestion:HowmanyanimalsofeachkinddidMosestakeontheArk(方舟)?Ifyouansweredtwo,youwereprobablyonlyconsideringthecoreofthequestion,whichisSystem1thinking.Togettotherightanswer-zero,youneedtothinkmorecarefullyaboutthewording,whichwouldallowyoutorememberitwasNoahwhobuilttheArk,notMoses.Thatisthekindofanalyticalprocess.KeysarandGeipel’sbrilliantideawastoinvestigatewhetherthesensoryform-seeingvs.hearing-oftheinformationwouldmakeadifference.Theyfoundthatitdid:whenansweringthesekindsofsimplequestions,participantsweremorelikelytomakeerrorswhenthesentenceswerespokenoutloud,ratherthanwritten.Agreaterrelianceonourfeelingscouldbeaproblemifweareconsuminginformationthatneedslogicalstudy.Forthisreason.Iwillreturntoreadingnon-fictionwithmyeyesratherthanmyears.ButIwon’tstoplisteningtonovels.Iamquitehappytogowiththeflowofmyemotionswhilemycriticalmindtakesabreak.12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoflisteningtoaudiobooks?A.Itiseconomical. B.Itisdemanding.C.Itistime-consuming. D.Itisrelaxing.13.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesSystem2model?A.Fairlyreliable. B.Fullyautomatic.C.Question-centered. D.Emotion-involved.14.WhyistheArkmentionedinParagraph3?A.Topresentafact. B.Toillustrateaview.C.Tointroduceatopic. D.Todrawaconclusion.15.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Listeningtobookscomesataprice.B.Readingnon-fictionbooksbenefits.C.Criticalthinkingisamustinreading.D.Waysofprocessinginformationdiffer.〖答案〗12.D13.A14.B15.A【语篇解读】本文为一篇议论文。文章主要围绕作者使用有声书作为阅读方式的经历和体验展开，并引入了一项关于信息处理方式的研究，以此为基础探讨了有声书对阅读理解可能产生的影响。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Likemanypeopleoverthepastfewyears,Ihavefoundmyselfturningtoaudiobooksasmymainmeansofreadingliterature.Ifinditfarmorecomfortableto“readwithmyears”whilemyeyesareresting.(像许多人一样，在过去的几年里，我发现自己把有声读物作为阅读文学作品的主要手段。我发现在眼睛休息的时候“用耳朵阅读”要舒服得多。)”以及最后一段“ButIwon’tstoplisteningtonovels.Iamquitehappytogowiththeflowofmyemotionswhilemycriticalmindtakesabreak.(但我不会停止听小说。当我的批判性思维得到休息时，我很高兴随自己的情绪流动而去。)”可知，作者认为听有声读物会让人放松。故选D。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“System2isanalyticalinvolvingtheuseoflogicreasoning.Itismentallydemanding.Whenitisengaged,wethinkourwaythroughthematerialstepbystep.(系统2是分析性的，涉及逻辑推理的使用。这是精神上的要求。当它参与时，我们一步一步地思考材料。)”可知，System2涉及使用逻辑推理进行信息处理，它要求精神上的努力，通过一步一步地思考材料来得出结论。因此，System2的结果相对可靠得多。故选A。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Asoneexample,considerthe/followingquestion:HowmanyanimalsofeachkinddidMosestakeontheArk（方舟）?Ifyouansweredtwo,youwereprobablyonlyconsideringthecoreofthequestion,whichisSystem1thinking.Togettotherightanswer-zero,youneedtothinkmorecarefullyaboutthewording,whichwouldallowyoutorememberitwasNoahwhobuilttheArk,notMoses.Thatisthekindofanalyticalprocess.(举个例子，考虑下面的问题：摩西带了多少种动物上了方舟？如果你回答了两个，你可能只考虑了问题的核心，即系统1思维。为了得到正确的〖答案〗——零，你需要更仔细地思考措辞，这将使你记住是诺亚建造了方舟，而不是摩西。这是一种分析过程。)”可知，作者提到方舟是为了举例说明一个观点，即System1和System2在处理信息时的不同方式。通过提出“摩西在方舟上带了多少种动物？”的问题，并解释正确〖答案〗是如何通过更仔细地考虑措辞得出的，作者展示了System2涉及的逻辑推理过程。因此，方舟的提及是为了阐明关于信息处理方式的观点。故选B。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者通过分享自己使用有声书作为阅读方式的经历，以及引入关于信息处理方式的研究，意在表明听书可能会带来理解上的代价。文章提到，尽管听书让作者增加了阅读量，但研究结果显示，听书在处理某些信息时可能不如阅读书面材料准确。特别是对于那些需要逻辑研究的信息，听书可能导致更多的错误。因此，作者认为听书是有代价的，特别是在理解方面。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。It’ssummer.You’reonyourfavoritebeachtowel,afriendbesideyou.You’rebothabsorbedinbooks,occasionallytakingsomewater.Butwhathappenswhenit’stimetoheadhome?Willyoucarryonreadingtogetherlater?Generallyspeaking,readingtendstobeseenasanindividualpastime.____16____However,thebenefitsofsharingtheexperiencearenumerousandworthstickingwiththroughouttheyear____17____Forexample,youdon’thavetobrainstormtoorganizeaconversation,becauseyoubothhaveabookinyourhands.Youcangetlostinyourbookwithoutworryingaboutseemingrudebynotkeepingupaconstantstreamofchatter.Asyoubothenterthesamestate,yourbloodpressurewillgodown,muscletensionwillease,andyourworrieswillfadeaway.Alltheseputyouatease.____18____Aquietcomeroftheplayground,ablanketspreadoutonthegrassinthegarden,oranycalmspacewhereyoufeelrelaxedwilldo.Spendingtimetogetherreadingcanstrengthenfriendships.Asyoutumthepages,youmightdiscoverinterestingstoriestosharewitheachother.Sometimes,you’llcomeacrossmoreseriousthemes,suchaslosingalovedoneoracherishedpet,orfacinganyoneoflife’smanychallenges.____19____Readingfictionhasbeenshowntoenhanceempathy(共情),whichistheabilitytounderstandandsharethefeelingsofanother.Asyouknow,novelsallowustolivecountlessexperiencesthroughtheircharacters.____20____A.Theywillresultinheightenedsensitivity.B.Readingwithothersiscomfortinginmanyways.C.Readingcansurelybringthejoyofrelaxationtopeople.D.Besides,youdon’tneedtofindaspecificplacetogetintothiszone.E.Soitmightseemunusualtopulloutanovelinthecompanyofothers.F.Readinginpairmayhelpyouandyourfriendstaymorecommittedtoreading.G.Discussingthesethemescanhelpdeepenthebondbetweenyouandyourfriend.〖答案〗16.E17.B18.D19.G20.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了共同阅读的好处。【16题详析】上文“Willyoucarryonreadingtogetherlater?Generallyspeaking,readingtendstobeseenasanindividualpastime.(你们以后会继续一起读书吗?一般来说，阅读往往被视为一种个人消遣)”讲阅读往往被视为一种孤独的消遣，说明共同阅读不常见，下文“However,thebenefitsofsharingtheexperiencearenumerousandworthstickingwiththroughouttheyear(然而，分享经验的好处很多，值得一整年坚持下去)”讲这种共同阅读的经历好处多多，该空内容应与“共同阅读不常见”相关，与下文也形成转折，表明共同阅读虽不常见，但好处多多，E选项“Soitmightseemunusualtopulloutanovelinthecompanyofothers.(因此，在别人的陪伴下读一本小说似乎很不寻常。)”切合语境。故选E项。【17题详析】设空处是段首句，为本段的主旨句。下文“Forexample,youdon’thavetobrainstormtoorganizeaconversation,becauseyoubothhaveabookinyourhands.Youcangetlostinyourbookwithoutworryingaboutseemingrudebynotkeepingupaconstantstreamofchatter.Asyoubothenterthesamestate,yourbloodpressurewillgodown,muscletensionwillease,andyourworrieswillfadeaway.Alltheseputyouatease.(例如，你们不必集思广益来组织对话，因为你们手里都有一本书。你可以迷失在你的书中，而不用担心不停地闲聊会显得粗鲁。当你们进入相同的状态时，你们的血压会下降，肌肉紧张会缓解，你们的担忧也会消失。所有这些都让你放心)”列举了共同阅读的多种好处，B选项“Readingwithothersiscomfortinginmanyways.(和别人一起阅读在很多方面都令人感到欣慰。)”引出下文，B项中的“iscomfortinginmanyways”能够概括本段中提到的多种好处。故选B项。【18题详析】由下文“Aquietcomeroftheplayground,ablanketspreadoutonthegrassinthegarden,oranycalmspacewhereyoufeelrelaxedwilldo.(操场上一个安静的角落，在花园的草地上铺一条毯子，或者任何你觉得放松的安静空间都可以)”可知，共同阅读并不限制场地，一个安静的地方就行，D选项“Besides,youdon’tneedtofindaspecificplacetogetintothiszone.(此外，你不必找一个特定的地方来进入这种状态。)”能引起下文的例子。故选D项。【19题详析】由上文“Spendingtimetogetherreadingcanstrengthenfriendships.(花时间一起阅读可以加强友谊)”可知共同阅读可以加强友谊，再结合上文“Sometimes,you’llcomeacrossmoreseriousthemes,suchaslosingalovedoneoracherishedpet,orfacinganyoneoflife’smanychallenges.(有时，你会遇到更严肃的主题，比如失去一段爱情或心爱的宠物，或者面对生活中的许多挑战)”讲共同阅读时会碰到的更严重的主题，可知该空应该讲共同阅读下这些主题会对加强友谊所起到的积极作用，G选项“Discussingthesethemescanhelpdeepenthebondbetweenyouandyourfriend.(讨论这些主题有助于加深你和朋友之间的联系。)”切合语境。故选G项。【20题详析】位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Readingfictionhasbeenshowntoenhanceempathy(共情),whichistheabilitytounderstandandsharethefeelingsofanother.Asyouknow,novelsallowustolivecountlessexperiencesthroughtheircharacters.(阅读小说已被证明可以增强同理心，这是一种理解和分享他人感受的能力。正如你所知道的，小说让我们通过他们的人物经历了无数的经历)”可知，本段主要讲述了阅读能增强同理心，所以A项“Theywillresultinheightenedsensitivity.(它们会导致高度敏感)”符合文意，是对前文的总结。故选A项。第三部分语言知识运用（共三节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AwinterstormdroppedhugeamountsofsnowovernightonJanuary16inwesternPennsylvania.CoachBrianDelallo,whoworkedonalocalhighschoolfootballteam,decidedto____21____hisplayers’weightliftingpractice.Hetextedhisplayerssaying,“Duetotheexpectedsevere____22____,Monday’sweightliftingworkouthasbeencancelled.____23____anelderlyordisabledneighborandshovel(为……除雪)theirdriveway.Don’tacceptany____24____—that’sourMondayworkout.”Theplayersreceivedthemessageandwentouttoworkonthemorethansixinchesofsnow.Theysaidthattheyremoved____25____fromdozensofhomes.Someplayerstextedtheircoachafterwardstotellhimhow____26____itwas.“Weallfeel____27____aboutit,”saidteamcaptainGavinMoul.“It’snotonlyhelpingthem,butit’shelpingustobecomeabetterteam.”Manyofthepeoplewhomtheteammembers____28____couldn’tbelievethattheplayerswouldn’tacceptanypayment.Sometimespeopleevenrefusedtheirhelp____29____theywouldn’ttakemoneyforit.___30___,itwasnotthefirsttimefortheteamtohaveshovelingworkout.Itwasstartedbyacoachmorethantwodecadesago.Itwasoneofthemany____31____theteamkept.“It’sabout____32____.”thecoachsaid.“Itisaninspiringwayforustointeractwithourcommunityandshowthatit____33____.Shovelingsnowisjustoneofthoseopportunitiestoshowappreciationtothecommunitythatsupportsus.Theteamgotaworkoutandgave____34____tothecommunitybydoingtheseactsofkindnessatthesametime.Itwasa____35____forall.21.A.tryout B.pickup C.goover D.calloff22.A.injury B.weather C.disease D.pressure23.A.Find B.Permit C.Track D.Dismiss24.A.money B.apology C.challenge D.request25.A.dirt B.water C.snow D.waste26.A.demanding B.rewarding C.promising D.amusing27.A.hopeful B.great C.surprised D.tired28.A.approached B.surrounded C.rescued D.entertained29.A.sothat B.unless C.until D.because30.A.Actually B.Moreover C.Unfortunately D.Instantly31.A.goals B.secrets C.traditions D.jobs32.A.community B.success C.harvest D.intervention33.A.matters B.cares C.works D.stays34.A.off B.up C.in D.back35.A.way B.win C.must D.lesson〖答案〗21.D22.B23.A24.A25.C26.B27.B28.A