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银行系统招聘考试(英语)模拟试卷37一、阅读理解(本题共20题,每题1.0分,共20分。)DianaJacobsthoughtherfamilyhadaworkableplantopayforcollegeforher21-year-oldtwinsons:acombinationofsavings,income,scholarships,andamodestamountofborrowing,Thenherhusbandlosthisjob,andtheplanfellapart,“Ihavetwokidsincollege,and1wanttosay‘comehome’,butatthesametime1wanttoprovidethemwithagoodeducation,”saysJacobs,TheJacobsfamilydidworkoutasolution:Theyaskedandreceivedmoreaidfromtheschoolsandeachsonincreasedhisborrowingtothemaximumamountthroughthefederalloanprogram,Theywilleachgraduatewith$20,000ofdebt,butatleasttheywillbeabletofinishschool,Withunemploymentrising,financialalladministratorsexpecttohearmorefamiliesliketheJacobs,Morestudentsareapplyingforaid,andmorefamiliesexpecttoneedstudentloans,Collegeadministratorsareconcernedthattheywillnothaveenoughaidmoneytogoaround,Atthesametime,tuitioncontinuestorise,AreportfromtheNationalCenterforPublicPolicyandHigherEducationfoundthatcollegetuitionandfeesincreased439%front1982to2007,Whileaveragefamilyincomerosejust147%,Studentborrowinghasmorethandoubledinthelastdecade,“Ifwegoonthiswayforanother25years,wewon’thavean'affordablesystemofhighereducation,”saysPatrickM,Callan,presidentofthecenter,“Themiddleclassfamilieshavebeenfinancingitthroughdebt,Theywillsendkidstocollegewhateverittakes,evenifthatmeansahugeamountofdebt,”Financialaidadministratorshavebeenhavingahardtimeasmanycompaniesdecidethatstudentloansarenotprofitableenoughandhavestoppedmakingthem,Thegoodnews,however,isthatfederalloansaccountforaboutthreequartersofstudentborrowing,amtthegovernmentsaysthatmoneywillflowuninterrupted,1、AccordingtoParagraph1,whydidtheplanofJacobsfamilyfail?A、Thetwinswastedtoomuchmoney,B、Thefatherwasoutofwork,C、Theirsavingsranout,D、Thefamilyfellapart,标准答案:B知识点解析:根据第一段最后一句话“Thenherhusbandlosthisjob.andtheplanfellapart”可知,B项正确。2、HowdidtheJacobsmanagetosolvetheirproblem?A、Theyaskedtheirkidstocomehome,B、Theyborrowed$20,000fromtheschool,C、Theyencouragedtheirtwinsonstodopart-timejobs,D、Theygothelpfromtheschoolandthefederalgovernment,标准答案:D知识点解析:根据第三段第一句话“…Theyaskedandreceivedmore-aidfromtheschools,andeachsonincreasedhisborrowingtothemaximumamountthroughthefederalloanprogram,”可知,D项正确。3、Financialaidadministratorsbelievethat________A、morefamilieswillfacethesameproblemastheJacobsesB、thegovernmentwillreceivemorelettersofcomplaintC、collegetuitionfeeswilldoublesoonD、America’sunemploymentwillfall标准答案:A知识点解析:根据第四段前两句话“…financialaidadministratorsexpecttohearmorefamilieslikelyJacobs,Morestudentsareapplyingforaid,andmorefamiliesexpectf0needstudentloans,”可知,A项正确。4、Whatcanwelearnaboutthemiddleclassfamiliesfromthetext?A、Theyblamedthegovernmentforthetuitionincrease,B、Theirincomeremainedsteadyinthelastdecade,C、Theywilltrytheirbesttosendkidstocollege,D、Theirdebtswillbepaidoffwithin25years,标准答案:C知识点解析:根据第六段最后一句话“Theywillsendkidstocollegewhateverittakes,evenifthatmeansahuge-amountofdebt,”可推断,C项正确。5、Accordingtothelastparagraph,thegovernmentwill________A、providemoststudentswithscholarshipB、dismisssomefinancialaidadministratorsC、stopthecompaniesfrommakingstudentloansD、goonprovidingfinancialsupportforcollegestudents标准答案:D知识点解析:根据第七段最后一句话“…thegovernmentsaysthatmoneywillflowuninterrupted”可推断,D项正确。Theevidenceforharmonymaynotbeobviousinsomefamilies,Butitseemsthatfouroutoffiveyoungpeoplenowgetonwiththeirparents,whichistheoppositeofthepopularlyheldimageofonhappyteenagerslockedintheirroomafterendlessfamilyquarrels,Animportantnewstudyintoteenageattitudessurprisinglyshowsthattheirfamilylifeismoreharmoniousthanithaseverbeeninthepast,“Weweresurprisedbyjusthowpositivetoday’syoungpeopleseemtobeabouttheirfamilies,”saidonememberoftheresearchteam,“They’reexpectedtoberebelliousandselfish,butactuallytheyhaveotherthingsontheirminds:theywantacarandmaterialgoods,andtheyworryaboutwhetherschoolisservingthemwell,There’smorenegotiationanddiscussionbetweenparentsandchildren,andchildrenexpecttotakepartinthefamilydecision-makingprocess,Theydon’twanttorocktheboat,’’Soitseemsthatthisgenerationofparentsismuchmorelikelythanparentsof30yearsagototreattheirchildrenasfriends,“Myparentsarehappytodiscussthingswithmeandwillingtolistentome,”says17-year-oldDanielLazalI-“IalwaystellthemwhenI’mgoingoutclubbing,AslongastheyknowwhatI’mdoing,they’refinewithit,”SusanCrome,whoisnow21,agrees,“Lookingbackonthelast10years,therewasalotofwhatyoucouldcallnegotiation,Forexample,aslongasI’ddoneallmyhomework,IcouldgooutonaSaturdaynight,ButIthinknaygrandparentswerealotstricterwithmyparentsthanthat,’’Maybethispositiveviewoffamilylifeshouldnotbeunexpected,Itispossiblethattheideaofteenagerebellionisnotrootedinrealfacts,Aresearchercomments,“Oursurprisethatteenagerssaytheygetalongwellwiththeirparentsconiesbecauseofabriefperiodinoursocialhistorywhenteenagerswereregardedasdifferentbeings,Butthatideaofrebellingandbreakingawayfromtheirparentsreallyonlyhappenedduringthatonetimeinthe1960swheneveryonerebelled,Thenormalsituationthroughouthistoryhasbeenasmoothchangefromhelpingoutwiththefamilybusinesstotakingitover,”6、Whatisthepopularimageofteenagerstoday?A、Theyworryaboutschool,B、Theydislikelivingwiththeirparents,C、Theyhavetobelockedintoavoidtroubles,D、Theyquarrelalotwithotherfamilymembers,标准答案:D知识点解析:根据第一段“whichistheoppositeofthepopularlyheldimage0funhappyteenagerslockedintheirroomafter-endlessfamilyquarrels,”可知,(青少年)流行的形象是和父母无休止争吵完后把自己锁在屋子里,所以青少年给人的印象是常常和其他家庭成员争吵。7、Thestudyshowsthatteenagersdon’twantto________A、sharefamilyresponsibilityB、causetroubleintheirfamiliesC、goboatingwiththeirfamilyD、makefamilydecisions标准答案:B知识点解析:根据第二段最后一句“Theydon’twanttorocktheboat,”可知,孩子们不想制造麻烦。rocktheboat足“捣乱、制造麻烦”的意思。8、Comparedwithparentsof30yearsago,todayparents________A、gotoclubsmoreoftenwiththeirchildrenB、aremuchstricterwiththeirchildrenC、carelessabouttheirchildren’slifeD、givetheirchildrenmorefreedom标准答案:D知识点解析:根据第三段第一句“soitseemsthatthisgenerationofparentsismuchmorelikelythanparentsof30yearsagototreattheirchildrenasfriends,”和Susancrome的描述“lookingbackonthelast10years,therewasalotofwhatyoucouldcallnegotiation,”可知,这一代的父母比起30年前下一代的父母更善于把孩子当成朋友看待,Susan说有很多事情都可以和她父母商量,也就是说这一代父母给孩子更多自由。9、Accordingtotheauthor,teenagerebellion________A、maybeafalsebeliefB、iscommonnowadaysC、existedonlyinthe196osD、resultedfromchangesinfamilies标准答案:A知识点解析:根据最后一段第二句“Itispossiblethattheideaofteenagerebellionisno!rootedinrealfacts,”可知,作者认为青少年反叛的观念并不一定来源于事实,所以青少年反叛的观点不一定正确。10、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A、Negotiationinfamily,B、Educationinfamily,C、Harmonyinfamily,D、Teenagetroubleinfamily,标准答案:C知识点解析:本文主要讲述了家庭和睦的问题,比较了这一代父母以及上一代父母对待青少年的态度,结论是现在的家庭比以往更加和睦。Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitsparts,thegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair,Whathasbeensaidaboutmarketforcesandmanagementwasnecessarilyoversimplified,Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex,Tobesure,thereismanagement,andtherearemarketforcesatwork,buttherearealsomanyotherfactorsthathelporhindereconomicfunction,Inmodemindustrialsocietiesgovernmentsplayalargerole,Thereisagreatamountofregulation,mostofitmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic,Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperate,oftenincreasingtheircostsandreducingtheirprofits,Lowerprofits,inturn,reducetheamountofmoneywhichisknownasworkingcapitalthatacompanycanuseforexpansion,Autoemissionstandards,forinstance,havehadasignificantimpactonthemanufactureandpricingofautomobiles,Othergovernmentpoliciessuchastaxation,budgetdeficits,andregulationofthemoneysupplyhaveaneffectonhowmuchmoneyisavailableforpeopletospendongoodsandservices,Internationalcrisesandotherconditionsalsoaffecttheworkingofaneconomy,AseverefrostinBrazilcanruinacoffeecropandraisethepriceofthatcommodity,Warcancutoffthesupplyofsuchresourcesaspetroleum,chromium,orcopper,IntheUnitedStatesenvironmentalprotestshaveslowedthedevelopmentofnuclearenergycapacityandtheminingofvasttractsofprotectedland,Weatheraffectsagriculture,ahot,drysummer;andamagethewheatcrop;floodscandestroythousandsofacresofcropssuddenly;andinsectpestscandevastatecroplandwitharapidonslaught,People’sattitudesalsohaveanimpactonthemarketingofgoods,Health-consciousindividuals,forexample,maystopsmoking,curtailtheirintakeofalcohol,andeatlessofcertainkindoffood,Advertisingaffectswhatpeoplebuy,anditcancreateamarketwherenoneexisted,Styleandfashionaresignificantformanyconsumers,Thereareothereconomicproblemsthataremoredifficulttounderstand,Forcenturieseconomieshavebeensubjecttoperiodsofprosperityfollowedbyperiodsofdecline,Althoughperiodssperitycanbeexplainedrathereasily,thereasonsforpanics,recessions,anddepressionsareofacomplexnature,SomanyfactorscontributedtotheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,forexample,thatnoeconomisthaseverbeenabletoaccountforallofthem,Becausethecausesofdeclineareuncertain,theremediesareequallyuncertain,inthelate20thcenturyallindustrializedsocietiesthroughtheirgovernmentshavetriedtostabilizeeconomies,keepthemprosperous,andreduceunemployment,Noneoftheremedieshasworkedtotheextentthatwashoped,Howeconomiesworkandwhatremediescanbefoundtokeepthemoperatingefficientlyarethetasksofeconomists,whomustworktogetherwithbusinessmenandpoliticians,11、Thechiefpurposeofthepassageis________A、toreviewthefactorsthataffecteconomicoperationB、toexplorethecausesofperiodiceconomicdeclineC、todiscusstherolegovernmentplayinmodernindustrializedsocietiesD、toproposeremediesforcorrectingeconomicrecessions标准答案:A知识点解析:主旨题。从文章第一段的最后一句以及余下各段的主题句可知,A项正确。12、The“machine’’inthefirstsentenceofParagraphliscomparablehereto________A、thepoliticalsystemofanationB、theeconomyofanationC、themarketforceD、thegovernmentofanation标准答案:B知识点解析:词汇题。文章第一段第一句话是一个比喻,用以引出话题。根据本文的主题,这句话实际上是说经济体系越复杂就越难以操纵,第一段最后一句就说明了“machine”的含义。故B项正确。13、Theexampleofautoemissionstandardsishereusedtomakeitclearthat________A、itisharmfulforagovernmenttointerferewitheconomicmattersB、statepoliciestendtolowerprofitsanddiscourageinvestmentC、regulationmayaffectbusinessoperationbyincreasingthecostD、mostregulationsarenotmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic标准答案:C知识点解析:结构题。文章第二段例子前面的观点:在现代工业社会,政府起着很大作用,有很多规范存在,多数规范旨在保护公众的利益。但是所有规范都影响企业的经营,经常起到增加其成本、降低其利润的作用,这又减少了企业的流动资金,阻碍了企业的进一步发展。故C项正确。14、Whyisitdifficulttoexplaintheonsetofeconomicdecline?A、Becausenoeconomistknowseverything,B、Becauseitalwaysfollowsaperiodofprosperity,C、Becausetherearetoomanyreasonsbehindit,D、Becauseitishardtopredictwhenitwillbecoming,标准答案:C知识点解析:细节判断题。第五段第二、二句指出,几百年来,经济起落不定,虽然可以相当容易地解释繁荣阶段的来临,但对于经济恐慌、衰退和萧条的解释却是个复杂的问题。例如导致20世纪30年代大萧条的因素是如此之多,以至于哪位经济学家都不能解释所有因素。最后一段第一句又指出,因为衰退的原因难以确定,应对策略也同样难以制定,因此,C项符合题意。15、Theauthorbelievesthattofindefficientwaysofkeepingeconomygoing,economistshaveto________A、findtheexactcausesforeconomicdeclineB、findwaystofightunemploymentC、workoutallthefactorsthatleadtoeconomicprosperityD、cooperatewithbusinessmenandpoliticians标准答案:D知识点解析:细节题。全文最后一句指出。经济如何运转,用什么样的补救方法可以保持其有效运转这是经济学家的工作,但他们必须同商人和政治家一起工作(来解决问题)。故D项正确。Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton,Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignedlanguagesareunique-aspeechofthehand,Theyofferanewwaytoprobehowthebraingeneratesandunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoutscientificcontroversy:Whetherlanguage,completewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornwith,orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior,ThecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofonerebelteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington,dc,theworld’sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople,WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish,theschoolenrolledhiminacourseinsigning,ButStokoenoticedsomethingodd:Amongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher,Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturalcode,eachmovementofthehandsrepresenting,worldillEnglish,Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage(ASL)wasthoughttobenomorethanaformorpidginEnglish(混杂英语),ButStokoebelievedthe“handtalk”hisstudentsusedlooked,Hewondered:Mightdeafpeopleactually:Haveagenuinelanguage?AndcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheronEarth?Itwas1955,whenevendeafpeopledismissedtheirsigningas“substandard”,Stokoe’sideawasacademicheresy(异端邪说),Itis37yearslater,Stokoe—nowdevotinghistimetowritingandeditingbooksandjournalandtoproducingvideomaterialsonASLandthedeafculture-ishavinglunchatacafeuealtheGallaudetcampusandexplaininghowhestartedarevolution,FordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsignedlanguagesarenaturallanguageslikeEnglish,FrenchandJapanese,Theyassumedlanguagemustbebasedonspeech,themodulation(调节)ofsound,Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands,themodulationofspace,“WhatIsaid,”Stokoeexplains,“isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff—it’sbrainstum”16、Thestudyofsignlanguageisthoughttobe________,A、anewwaytolookatthelearningoflanguageB、achallengetotraditionalviewsonthenatureoflanguageC、anapproachtosimplifyingthegrammaticalstructureofalanguageD、anattempttoclarifymisunderstandingabouttheoriginoflanguage标准答案:B知识点解析:细节理解题。第一段的第三句话“Theyofferanewwaytoprobehowthebraingeneratesandunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoldscientific:controversy:Whetherlanguage,completewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornwith.0rwhetheritisalearnedbehavior+”句意:手语提供了一种新方式来探索大脑生成和理解语言的方式,同时也为一个古老的问题提供了新的思维,这个古老的问题是“语言是与生俱来的还是后天习得的”。故本题选B。17、Thepresentgrowinginterestinsignlanguagewasstimulatedby________A、afamousscholarinthestudyofthehumanbrainB、aleadingspecialistinthestudyofliberalartsC、anEnglishteacherinauniversityforthedeafD、someseniorexpertsinAmericanSignLanguage标准答案:C知识点解析:细节理解题。第一段的最后一句话“Thecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofonerebelteacher…”这里的hasrootsin是指“根源于”,和题目里的stimulated意思相近。可以看到这位先驱者是一位教师(onerebelteacher),其所在的学校是专门教育聋人的文科大学(liberaltaxisuniversityfordeafpeople)。这位老师是教授什么科目的呢?下一段开头给出了答案“whenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish”,科目是英语。故C项正确。18、AccordingtoStokoe,signlanguageis________A、asubstandardlanguageB、agenuinelanguageC、anartificiallanguageD、aninternationallanguage标准答案:B知识点解析:推理判断题。由第三段中的“Hewondered:Mightdeafpeople-actually;Haveagenuinelanguage?”这里虽然使用了疑问句的形式,但根据该段最后一句话“Stokoe’sideawasacademic-heresy”可知,这句话实际上是stokoe的观点所在。如果Stokoe没有形成“手语是一种真正的语言”的观点,文章又为何会说他的思想被视为异端邪说呢?故B项说法正确。19、MosteducatorsobjectedtoStokoe’sideabecausetheythought________A、signlanguagewasnotextensivelyusedevenbydeafpeopleB、signlanguagewastooartificialtobewidelyacceptedC、alanguageshouldbeeasytouseandunderstandD、alanguagecouldonlyexistintheformofspeechsounds标准答案:D知识点解析:细节理解题。最后一段中间部分“FordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsignedlanguagesarenaturallanguageslikeEnglish,FrenchandJapanese,Theyassumedlanguage:mustbebased0nspeech.themodulationofsound,”第一句意思是教育家们反对手语和英语、法语、日语一样属于自然语言,第二句指明了教育家们自己的观点:语言必须基于语言。bebasedon是“以……为基础”的意思,与D项的onlyexist意义相同,故D项正确。20、Stokoe’sargumentisbasedonhisbeliefthat________A、signlanguageisasefficientasanyotherlanguageB、signlanguageisderivedfromnaturallanguageC、languageisasystemofmeaningfulcodesD、languageisaproductofthebrain标准答案:D知识点解析:细节理解题。“Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands,themodulationofspace”这一句表达的意思和前面教育家们的观点恰好相反,应该就是Stokoe的论点。那么他的这一论点基于何处,答案也应该在最后一段寻找。后文引用了Stokoe的原话。提到“languageisnotmouthstuff-it’sbrainstuff,”大体意思是语言不是嘴上的东西,而是脑子的东西,极有可能就是答案所在。观察四个选项,D项的说法和it’sbrainstuff意义基本一致,可以判断D项正确。再观察其他三个选项,在文章关于Stokoe的叙述中都没有提到过,可以排除。二、完形填空(本题共20题,每题1.0分,共20分。)Despiteyourbestintentionsandefforts,itis【C1】________:Atsomepointinyourlife,youwillbewrong,【C2】________canbehardtodigest,SOsometimeswedoubledownratherthan【C3】________them,Ourconfirmationbiaskicksin,causingUSto【C4】________outevidencetoprovewhatwealreadybelieve,Thecaryou【C5】________offhasasmalldentinitsbumper,【C6】________obviouslymeansthatitistheotherdriver’sfault,Psychologistscallthiscognitivedissonance—thestressweexperiencewhenweholdtwo【C7】________beliefs,opinionsorattitudes,Forexample,youmightbelieveyouareakindand【C8】________person,SOwhenyourudelycutsomeoneoff,youexperience【C9】________,To【C10】________withit,youdenyyourmistakeandinsisttheotherdriverhave【C11】________seenyou,oryouhadtherightofwayevenifyoudidn’t,Whenweapologizeforbeingwrong,wehavetoacceptthisdissonance,andthatis【C12】________,Ontheotherhand,researchhasshownthatitcanfeelgoodtostick【C13】________ourguns,Onestudyfoundthatpeoplewhorefusedtoapologizefeltmoreincontrolthanthosewhodidnotrefuse,Feeling【C14】________maybeanattractiveshort—termbenefit,【C15】________therearelong—termconsequences,Refusingtoapologizecouldpotentially【C16】________thetrustonwhicharelationshipisbased,Sohowexactlydoyouchangeyourbehaviorandlearnto【C17】________yourmistakes?Thefirststepistolearntorecognizeyourusualjustificationand【C18】________,Mr,Okimotosaiditalsohelpedtorememberthatpeoplewereoftenmore【C19】________thanyoumightThink,ontheflipside,ifitisundeniablyclearthatyouareinthewrong,refusingtoapologize【C20】________lowseIf-confidence,21、【C1】A、realizableB、inevitableC、remarkableD、available标准答案:B知识点解析:形容词辨析。本句意为“不管你的意愿如何强烈,又做出多大努力,这是——的:在生命的某个时候,你会犯错”。纵观四个选项,inevitable”不可避免的”符合题意;remarkable“卓越的;非凡的”、available“可获得的”和realizable”可实现的”均不符合题意。22、【C2】A、MistakeB、FailureC、TroubleD、Loss标准答案:A知识点解析:名词辨析+上下义语义。通过第一段旨句“……这是不可避免的:在生命的某个时候,你会犯错”可知,空格处所需单词应与wrong表达意义相同。纵观下文,全篇讲述与“错误”相关的内容,故A项Mistake符合题意。Failure“失败”、Trouble“麻烦,烦恼”和Loss“损失”均不符合题意。23、【C3】A、saveB、faceC、conquerD、control标准答案:B知识点解析:动词辨析+上下文语义。本句意为“错误难以消化,所以我们有时会孤注一掷,而非——它们”,本句中代词them指代mistakes。face“面对”符合题意;save“挽救”,conquer“征服”均无法与mistakes搭配;control“控制”不符合题意。24、【C4】A、turnB、setC、putD、seek标准答案:D知识点解析:固定搭配。本句意为“这时候,我们在确认事物的认知上会有偏误,导致我们证据来证明白己已有的信念”。根据句意可知,seekout“找出,寻求”符合要求。tumout“出席,参加;结果是setout“出发,开始”和putout“出版;熄灭”均不符合题意。25、【C5】A、giveB、takeC、cutD、turn标准答案:C知识点解析:动词辨析+上下文语义。本句意为“被你——的车的保险杠上有一个小凹痕,这显然意味着是那个司机的错”。纵观四个选项所构成的短语中,cutoff“隔断;切断”符合题意,此处of意译为“加塞”。giveoff“散发”、takeoff“起飞,离开”和turnoff“关闭”均不符合题意。26、【C6】A、whatB、whichC、thatD、where标准答案:B知识点解析:语法知识。本题考查非限制性定语从句。纵观四个选项,只有which可做关系代词引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子,并在从句中做主语。本句中which指代“被你加塞挡在后面的车的保险杠上有一个小凹痕”这件事。what、that、where均不符合题意。27、【C7】A、contradictoryB、significantC、similarD、consistent标准答案:A知识点解析:形容词辨析+上下文语义。本句意为“心理学家称之为认知失调,即当我们持有两种——的信念、观点或态度时所感受的压力”。破折号后空格处所在的句子是对第二段首句内容的解释说明。通过“失调”一词可知,consistent“一致的”,similar“相似的”均不符合题意。下文进一步阐述“认知失凋”的含义。通过范例可知,contradictory“相互对立的,矛盾的”更符合文意。significant“重要的,有意义的”与文章表述无关。28、【C8】A、sympatheticB、humbleC、braveD、fair标准答案:D知识点解析:形容词辨析+上下文语义。本句意为“比如,你可能认为自己是个善良的、——的人,那么当你粗暴地加塞到其他人前面时……”。通过连词and可知,空格处所填词应与kind的感情色彩一致。四个选项均是描述人的品质的形容词,其中fail“公平的”可与“车辆加塞”这种不良行为构成“失调”,符合题意:sympathetic“同情的”、humble“谦逊的”和brave“勇敢的”均不符合题意。29、【C9】A、regretB、dissonanceC、guiltyD、pain标准答案:B知识点解析:名词辨析+上下文语义。联系上文可知,空格处所在的句子进一步阐述“认知失调”的含义。所以,dissonance“失调,不和谐”符合文意。regret“遗憾”、guilty“内疚”和pain“痛苦”均与题意不符。30、【C10】A、finishB、complyC、goD、cope标准答案:D知识点解析:动词辨析。本句意为“为了——它,你会否认自己的错误,坚称那个司机……”。其中代词“它”指代前文“车辆加塞”这件事,纵观四个选项,只有copewith“应付,处理”符合题意。finishwith“完成”、complywith“服从,遵从”和gowith“相伴”均不符合题意。31、【C11】A、mustB、wouldC、shouldD、might标准答案:C知识点解析:语法知识+上下文语义。本句意为“为了——它,你会否认自己的错误,坚称那个司机——看见你,或你有先行权,尽管事实并非如此”。shouldhavedone(本来应该做某事,而实际没做)符合题意,其暗含责备之意,以此来否认自己的错误,为自己辩解。mighthavedone(表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”)、musthavedone(表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”)和wouldhavedone(表示虚拟,对过去事情的假设)均不符合题意。32、【C12】A、unpleasantB、unfriendlyC、unconsideredD、universal标准答案:A知识点解析:形容词辨析。本句意为“当我们为错误道歉,就必须接受这种失调,那是——”。故unpleasant“令人不愉快的”符合题意。unfriendly“不友好的”、unconsidered“不值得考虑的”和universal“普遍的”均不符合题意。33、【C13】A、toB、onC、outD、at标准答案:A知识点解析:固定搭配。本题考查stick与相关介词构成的固定搭配。sticktoone’sguns“固执己见,坚守立场”符合题意。stickon“继续做……”、stickout“使突出,伸出”和stickat“坚持;踌躇”均无法与guns构成固定搭配。34、【C14】A、positiveB、usefulC、wonderfulD、powerful标准答案:D知识点解析:形容词辨析+上下文语义。本句意为“短期看,感觉——或许是一个对人有吸引力的好处”。通过上文“研究发现,相比于不拒绝道歉的人,犯错后拒绝道歉的人会感觉自己更有掌控力”可知。空格处所填词应是feltmoreincontrol的同义替换,故powerful“强有力的”符合题意。35、【C15】A、asB、andC、butD、therefore标准答案:C知识点解析:逻辑关系。本句意为“短期看,感觉——或许是一个对人有吸引力的好处,——它也会带来长期的后果”。通过本句关键词short-termbenefit和long-termconsequences可知,空格处所表达的逻辑关系为转折关系,故but符合文意。as表示“原因”、and表示“并列”和therefore表示“因果关系”均不符合题意。36、【C16】A、jeopardizeB、buildC、betrayD、maintain标准答案:A知识点解析:动词辨析。本句意为“拒绝道歉可能会——建立在关系基础上的信任”。通过上文“拒绝道歉会带来长期的后果”可知,空格处所填词应具有“危及”的意思。故jeopardize“损害”符合题意。Build‘‘建立”和maintain“维持”不符合该句句意。betray“辜负,背叛”表述太过绝对。37、【C17】A、discardB、correctC、embraceD、avoid标准答案:C知识点解析:动词辨析+上下文语义。本句意为“所以你到底该如何改变自己的行为,学会——自己的错误呢?”。通过上文可知,人们不可避免地犯错时,往往会孤注一掷,拒绝承认自己的错误,而非面对它们。embraceyourmistakes在此处意为“接受错误”,符合题意。discard“丢弃”、correct“改正”和avoid“避免”均不符合题意。38、【C18】A、negotiationB、motivationC、rationalizationD、association标准答案:C知识点解析:名词辨析。通过并列连词and可知,空格处所填的单词在语义上应与iustifications“理由;辩护”相似。纵观四个选项,rationalization“合理化”符合题意;negotiation“谈判”、motivation“动机”和assoriation“联想”均不符合题意。39、【C19】A、creativeB、modestC、forgivingD、warmhearted标准答案:C知识点解析:形容词辨析+上下文语义,本句意为“记住人们往往比你以为的更——可能有所帮助”。通过上文可知,本篇文章主要阐述人们会犯错,但往往不能正确面对自己所犯的错误,心理学家称这种现象为“认知失调”。纵观四个选项,forgiving“宽恕的”符合题意;creative“有创造力的”、modest“谦逊的”和warmhearted“热心肠的”均不符合题意。40、【C20】A、revealsB、forgesC、transfersD、explains标准答案:A知识点解析:动词辨析。本句意为“另一方面,如果你毫无疑问是过错方,那么拒绝道歉反而会——你不够自信”。根据句意可知,reveal“显示;揭露”符合题意;forge“伪造”、transfer“转移”和explain“解释,说明”均不符合题意。三、选词填空(本题共20题,每题1.0分,共20分。)41、Ahotelshuttlewillbeavailable,butyouarealsowelcometoarrangeforyour________transportationtotheconference,A、directlyB、besidesC、ownD、any标准答案:C知识点解析:考查词义辨析。句意:我们将提供酒店班车,但也欢迎您自行安排前往会议的交通工具。洲“自己的,本人的”,符合语境。directly“立即,马上”;besides“除……之外(还)”;any“任何的,任一的”。故本题选C。42、Itiswidelyacceptedthatany________fromsocialnormsislikelytobesanctioned,A、discriminationB、indifferenceC、deviationD、device标准答案:C知识点解析:考查名词辨析。句意:人们普遍认为,任何偏离社会规范的行为都可能受到惩罚。discrimination“歧视,区别”,后面常跟against;indifference“漠不关心”,后面常跟to;deviation“背离,偏离,越轨”,后面常跟from;device“装置,策略”。根据句中的besanctioned(被惩罚)可知此处是指与社会规范相背离,结合单词用法,只有C项符合。故本题选C。43、Thereport________wasreadwithinterestbybusinessmen,A、aboutthefiscalcrisisB、forthefiscalcrisisC、onthefiscalcrisisD、regardtothefiscalcrisis标准答案:C知识点解析:考查介词辨析。句意:商人们饶有兴趣地阅读了那份关于财政危机的报告。介词on与;about都有“关于”的意思,两者的区别:about侧重叙事,on侧重论述;on表示专业的或内容详细的,指比较有系统地或理论性较强地论述某事,而about表示业余的或内容简单的,指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事。for“为了,至于,因为”;regard常用于asregard或with/inregardto,表示“关于”。此处是指关于财政危机的报告,且目标读者是商人,所以应该具有很强的专业性,C项符合句意。44、Thecompany’payequityanalysisensuresthatcompensationis________foremployeesinthesamejob,atthesamelevel,locationandperformance,A、fairB、justC、correctD、perfect标准答案:A知识点解析:考查形容词辨析。句意:公司的薪酬公平性分析确保了相同职位、相同级别、同一地区和同等表现的员工的薪酬是公平的。根据equity和整个语境可判断空格处需填表示“公平”的单词。fair和just都可表示“公正的,公平的,不偏不倚的”。fair为普通常用词,指不偏不倚地对待人和物,侧重不受个人感情、偏见或利益所影响,在情况、体制、待人方式、裁断等方面公平合理;just多用于庄重场合,常指道义上或法律意义上的公平、公正和正义。根据句意可知这里是指薪酬公平,是指一般意义的公平公正,并非道义上或法律上的,fail-更符合语境。correct“正确的,恰当的”,perfect“完美的”。均不符合语境。故本题选A。45、It’stooriskytogrowsoybeans,andtheincomeisless________thangrowingcorn,Inotherwords,youdon’tlosemoneygrowingCOIll,Soybeanyieldsaretoolow,A、productiveB、commonC、rationalD、stable标准答案:D知识点解析:考查形容词辨析。句意:种植大豆风险太高,收入也不如种植玉米稳定。换句话说,你种植玉米不会亏本。大豆产量太低。productive“多产的,富有成效的”;common“共同的,普通的”;rational“合理的。理性的”;stable“稳定的,牢固的”。根据语境可知,题干是在讲述种植大豆的弊端,即风险高,收入不——,产量低。四个选项中,能与income搭配且符合语境的只有D。故本题选D。46、Wenormally________exchangesforallpurchases,butwehavenomoreofthisdesigninstock,A、areofferingB、areofferedC、offerD、haveoffered标准答案:C知识点解析:考查动词的时态和语态。句意:通常情况下,我们对所有已售商品提供换货服务,但是这种款式我们没有存货了。主语we和offer之间为主动关系,故排除B项;根据连接词but可知这里为并列句,逗号前后两个句子的谓语动词时态应是一致的,由have可判断后一句的时态为一般现在时,所以空格处的时态也应是一般现在时。故本题选C。47、Thedecisionto________thecompanywasn’taneasyonetomake,buteveryoneagreedthattherewasnootheroptionbuttoceasetrading,A、displayB、disintegrateC、dissolveD、distribute标准答案:C知识点解析:考查动词辨析。句意:解散公司并不是一个简单的决定,但是每个人都认为除了停止交易外,没有其他的选择。display“显示,展示”;disintegrate“瓦解,解体”;dissolve“解散(组织或机构),终止(商业协议)”;distribute“分发,分配”。本题中,dissolvecompany意为“解散公司”,对应后面的ceasetrading。故本题选C。48、Culturemaydomorethanmirrorhistory,________itscitizen’sthinkingandlanguage,A、eveninfluencingB、mayeveninfluenceC、itmayeveninfluenceD、thatitmayeveninfluence标准答案:A知识点解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:文化不仅能反映历史,甚至还会影响人们的思维和语言。前半句成分完整,后半句要么是有连词相连的主句,要么是非限定性定语从句,要么是非谓语动词作状语。B项有谓语动词influence,但是与前半句之问缺少连词,故排除;C项有主语it,也与前半句之间缺少连词,故排除;D项是从句,但是分析题干可知,这个从句放在此处不合适,因为它既不是定语也不是宾语从句,而that不能引导非限定性定语从句,故排除。最后看A项,influence与其逻辑主语culture之间是主动关系,故用现在分词形式,空格及之后的成分作状语。故本题选A。49、Thecompanysaysitwillnolongerdesignorlaunchartificialintelligence(AI)forweaponsorothertechnologieswhosemainpurposeistocause________to

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