历年英语六级阅读真题

EnglishReadingComprehensionBand6

CHAPTERONE

1.PassageThree(2006.6)

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

AgehasitsprivilegesinAmerica,andoneofthemoreprominentofthemistheseniorcitizen

discount.Anyonewhohasreachedacertainage—insomecasesaslowas55—isautomatically

entitledtodazzlingarrayofpricereductionsatnearlyeverylevelofcommerciallife.Eligibilityis

determinednotbyone'sneedbutbythedateonone'sbirthcertificate.Practicallyunheardofa

generationago,thediscountshavebecomearoutinepartofmanybusinesses—ascommonas

colortelevisionsinmotelroomsandfreecoffeeonairliners.

Peoplewithgrayhairoftenaregiventhediscountswithoutevenaskingfbrthem;yet,millions

ofAmericansaboveage60arehealthyandsolvent(有支付能力的).Businessesthatwouldnever

dareofferdiscountstocollegestudentsoranyoneunder30freelyofferthemtoolderAmericans.

Thepracticeisacceptablebecauseofthewidespreadbeliefthat“elderly"and"needy”are

synonymous(同义的).Perhapsthatoncewastrue,buttodayelderlyAmericansasagrouphavea

lowerpovertyratethantherestofthepopulation.Tobesure,thereiseconomicdiversitywithin

theelderly,andmanyolderAmericansarepoor.Butmostofthemaren't.

Itisimpossibletodeterminetheimpactofthediscountsonindividualcompanies.Formany

firms,theyareastimulustorevenue.Butinothercasesthediscountsaregivenattheexpense,

directlyorindirectly,ofyoungerAmericans.Moreover,theyareadirectirritantinwhatsome

politiciansandscholarsseeasacomingconflictbetweenthegenerations.

GenerationaltensionsarebeingfueledbycontinuingdebateoverSocialSecuritybenefits,

whichmostlyinvolveatransferofresourcesfromtheyoungtotheold.Employmentisanother

sorepoint.Buoyed(支持)bylawsandcourtdecisions,moreandmoreolderAmericansare

decliningtheretirementdinnerinfavorofstayingonthejob—therebylesseningemployment

andpromotionopportunitiesforyoungerworkers.

Farfromakindofcharitytheyoncewere,seniorcitizendiscountshavebecomeaformidable

economicprivilegetoagroupwithmillionsofmemberswhodon'tneedthem.

Itnolongermakessensetotreattheelderlyasasinglegroupwhoseeconomicneedsdeserve

priorityoverthoseofothers.Seniorcitizendiscountsonlyenhancethemyththatolderpeople

can'ttakecareofthemselvesandneedspecialtreatment;andtheythreatenthecreationofanew

myth,thattheelderlyareungratefulandtakingfbrthemselvesattheexpenseofchildrenandother

agegroups.SeniorcitizendiscountsaretheessenceoftheverythingolderAmericansarefighting

against-discriminationbyage.

31.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat.

A)offeringseniorcitizensdiscountshasbecomeroutinecommercialpractice

B)seniorcitizendiscountshaveenabledmanyoldpeopletoliveadecentlife

C)givingseniorcitizensdiscountshasboostedthemarketfbrtheelderly

D)seniorcitizenshavetoshowtheirbirthcertificatestogetadiscount

32.Whatassumptionliesbehindthepracticeofseniorcitizendiscounts?

A)Businesses,havingmadealotofprofits,shoulddosomethingfbrsocietyinreturn.

B)Oldpeopleareentitledtospecialtreatmentfbrthecontributiontheymadetosociety.

C)Theelderly,beingfinanciallyunderprivileged,needhumanehelpfromsociety.

D)SeniorcitizendiscountscanmakeupfortheinadequacyoftheSocialSecuritysystem.

33.Accordingtosomepoliticiansandscholars,seniorcitizendiscountswill.

A)makeoldpeopleevenmoredependentonsociety

B)intensifyconflictsbetweentheyoungandtheold

C)haveadversefinancialimpactonbusinesscompanies

D)bringamarkedincreaseinthecompanies9revenues

34.HowdoestheauthorviewtheSocialSecuritysystem?

A)Itencourageselderlypeopletoretireintime.

B)Itopensupbroadcareerprospectsforyoungpeople.

C)Itbenefitstheoldattheexpenseoftheyoung.

D)Itshouldbereinforcedbylawsandcourtdecisions.

35.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor'smainargument?

A)Seniorcitizensshouldfighthardagainstagediscrimination.

B)Theelderlyareselfishandtakingseniordiscountsforgranted.

C)Priorityshouldbegiventotheeconomicneedsofseniorcitizens.

D)Seniorcitizendiscountsmaywellbeatypeofagediscrimination,

acbcd

2.PassageOne(2006.12/23)

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Itusedtobethatpeoplewereproudtoworkforthesamecompanyforthewholeoftheir

workinglives.They'dgetagoldwatchattheendoftheirproductiveyearsandadinnerfeaturing

speechesbytheirbossespraisingtheirloyalty/Buttoday'srichcapitalistshaveregressed(倒退)to

the“survivalofthefittest“ideasandtheirloyaltyextendsnottotheirworkersoreventotheir

stockholdersbutonlytothemselves.Insteadofgivingoutgoldwatchesworthahundredorso

dollarsforfortyorsoyearsofwork,theygrabtensandevenhundredsofmillionsofdollarsas

theysellfortheirownprofitthecompanytheymayhavebeenwithforonlyafewyears.

Thenewrichselfishlyactontheirowntounfairlygrabthewealththatthecountryasawhole

hasproduced.Thetop1percentofthepopulationnowhaswealthequaltothewholebottom95

percentandtheywantmore.Theirselfishnessismostshamelesslyexpressedindownsizingand

outsourcing(将产品包给外公司做)becausethesebusinessmaneuversdon'tacttocreatenew

jobsasthefoundersofnewindustriesusedtodo,butonlytocutoutjobswhilekeepingthemoney

valueofwhatthosejobsproducedforthemselves.

Tokeepthemoneymachineworkingsmoothlytherichhaveboughtallthepoliticiansfrom

thetopdown.ThepresidenthimselfisconstantlyleavingWashingtonandthebusinessofthe

nationbecauseheissummonedtot6fimdraisingdinners^^wherefatcatspayathousandorso

dollarsaplatetowormtheirwayintogovernmentnotthroughservicebutthroughdonationsof

vastamountsofmoney.Onceontheinsidetheyhavebothpoliticalpartiesbusilytearingupallthe

regulationsthatprotecttherestofusfromthegreedoftherich.

Themiddleclassusedtobeloyaltothefreeenterprisesystem.Inthepast,thepeopleofthe

middleclassmostlythoughtthey'dberichthemselvessomedayorhaveagoodshotatbecoming

rich.Butnowadaysincomeisbeingdistributedmoreandmoreunevenlyandcorporateloyaltyisa

thingofthepast.Themiddleclassmayalsowakeuptoforgetitsloyaltytotheso-calledfree

enterprisesystemaltogetherandthegovernmentwhichgovernsonlytherestofuswhileletting

thecorporationsdowhattheypleasewithourjobs.Asthingsstand,ifsomebodydoesn'twakeup,

themiddleclassisonapathtobeingdownsizedallthewaytothebottomofsociety.

21.Itcanbeinferredfbnnthefirstparagraphthatpeopleusedtoplaceahighvalueon.

A)jobsecurity

B)bosses'praise

C)corporateloyalty

D)retirementbenefits

22.Theauthorisstronglycriticaloftoday'srichcapitalistsfor.

A)notgivingnecessaryassistancetolaid-offworkers

B)maximizingtheirprofitsattheexpenseofworkers

C)notsettinguplong-termgoalsfortheircompanies

D)rewardingonlythosewhoareconsideredthefittest

23.Theimmediateconsequenceofthenewcapitalists!practiceis.

A)lossofcorporatereputation

B)lowerpayfortheemployees

C)ahigherrateofunemployment

D)adeclineinbusinesstransactions

24.Therichtrytoswaythepolicyofthegovernmentby.

A)occupyingimportantpositionsinbothpoliticalparties

B)makingmonetarycontributionstodecision-makers

C)pleasingthepublicwithgenerousdonations

D)constantlyhostingfundraisingdinners

35.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?

A)Tocallonthemiddleclasstoremainloyaltothefreeenterprisesystem.

B)TowarnthegovernmentoftheshrinkingoftheAmericanmiddleclass.

C)Topersuadethegovernmenttochangeitscurrenteconomicpolicies.

D)Tourgethemiddleclasstowakeupandprotecttheirowninterests,

ebebd

3.PassageTwo(2004.1)

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Somefuturologistshaveassumedthatthevastupsurge(居U增)ofwomenintheworkforce

mayportendarejectionofmarriage.Manywomen,accordingtothishypothesis,wouldrather

workthanmarry.Theconverse(反面)ofthisconcernisthattheprospectsofbecominga

multi-paycheckhouseholdcouldencouragemarriages.Inthepast,onlytheearningsandfinancial

prospectsofthemancountedinthemarriagedecision.Now,however,theearningabilityofa

womancanmakehermoreattractiveasamarriagepartner.Datashowthateconomicdownturns

tendtopostponemarriagebecausethepartiescannotaffordtoestablishafamilyorareconcerned

aboutrainydaysahead.Astheeconomyrebounds,thenumberofmarriagesalsorises.

Coincidentwiththeincreaseinwomenworkingoutsidethehomeistheincreaseindivorce

rates.Yet,itmaybewrongtojumptoanysimplecause-and-eflfectconclusions.Theimpactofa

wife'sworkondivorceisnolesscloudythanitsimpactonmarriagedecisions.Therealizationthat

shecanbeagoodprovidermayincreasethechancesthataworkingwifewillchoosedivorceover

anunsatisfactorymarriage.Butthereverseisequallyplausible.Tensionsgroundedinfinancial

problemsoftenplayakeyroleinendingamarriage.Givenhighunemployment,inflationary

problems,andslowgrowthinrealearnings,aworkingwifecanincreasehouseholdincomeand

relievesomeofthesepressingfinancialburdens.Byraisingafamily'sstandardofliving,a

workingwifemaystrengthenherfamily'sfinancialandemotionalstability.

Psychologicalfactorsalsoshouldbeconsidered.Forexample,awifeblockedfromacareer

outsidethehomemayfeelcagedinthehouse.Shemayviewheronlychoiceasseekingadivorce.

Ontheotherhand,ifshecanfindfulfillmentthroughworkoutsidethehome,workandmarriage

cangotogethertocreateastrongerandmorestableunion.

Also,amajorpartofwomen'sinequalityinmarriagehasbeenduetothefactthat,inmost

cases,menhaveremainedthemainbreadwinners.Withhigherearningcapacityandstatus

occupationsoutsideofthehomecomesthecapacitytoexercisepowerwithinfilefamily.A

workingwifemayrobahusbandofbeingthemasterofthehouse.Dependinguponhowthe

couplereactstothesenewconditions,itcouldcreateastrongerequalpartnershiporitcouldcreate

newinsecurities.

26.Theword,portend”(Line2,Para.1)isclosestinmeaningto“2

A)defyC)sufferfrom

B)signalD)resultfrom

27.Itissaidinthepassagethatwhentheeconomyslides,.

A)menwouldchooseworkingwomenastheirmarriagepartners

B)morewomenwouldgetmarriedtoseekfinancialsecurity

C)evenworkingwomenwouldworryabouttheirmarriages

D)morepeoplewouldprefertoremainsingleforthetimebeing

28.Ifwomenfindfulfillmentthroughworkoutsidethehome,.

A)theyaremorelikelytodominatetheirmarriagepartners

B)theirhusbandsareexpectedtodomorehousework

C)theirmarriagetiescanbestrengthened

D)theytendtoputtheircareerbeforemarriage

29.Onereasonwhywomenwithnocareermayseekadivorceisthat.

A)theyfeelthattheyhavebeenrobbedoftheirfreedom

B)theyareafraidofbeingbossedaroundbytheirhusbands

C)theyfeelthattheirpartnersfailtoliveuptotheirexpectations

D)theytendtosuspecttheirhusbands'loyaltytotheirmarriage

30.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestsummarizetheauthor'sviewinthepassage?

A)Thestabilityofmarriageandthedivorceratemayreflecttheeconomicsituationofthe

country.

B)Evenwheneconomicallyindependent,mostwomenhavetostruggleforrealequalityin

marriage.

C)Inordertosecuretheirmarriagewomenshouldworkoutsidethehomeandremain

independent

D)Theimpactofthegrowingfemaleworkforceonmarriagevariesfromcasetocase,

bdcad

4.PassageTwo(2005.6)

Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeans

arechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn'tthestuffofgloomyphilosophical

contemplations,butafactofEurope9sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,

real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,

observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe''irresistiblemomentumofindividualism^^overthelast

century.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneof

mobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavocon(扰乱)

Europeans9privatelives.

Europe'sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.The

currentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracyto

thesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraof

privatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today'stech-savvy(精通技术的)workershave

embracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModemEuropeansarerichenoughtoafford

tolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideof

marriagetwentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,

particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropof

singlesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestyle

choice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative-darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggested

warmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautiful,strong!

Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn'tleave

muchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahousein

Paris,sayshehasn'tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork,t6Ihavedeadlineswhich

wouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult."OnlyanIdealWomanwouldmakehim

changehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanand

PrinceCharming,thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmore

ofmates,sorelationshipsdon'tlastlong-iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwitha

deeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingup

forgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe'dneverhavewantedtodowhathermother

did-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,"I'vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:livea

self-determinedlife.^

16.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause.

A)theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B)theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C)theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D)theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

17.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

A)Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.

B)ItisgettingclosertoAmerican-stylecapitalism.

C)Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.

D)Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.

18.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare.

A)wannandlightheartedB)oneithersideofmarriage

C)negativeandgloomyD)healthyandwealthy

19.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat.

A)somemodemwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedom

B)thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEurope

C)someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonely

D)mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable

20.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A)Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners.

B)Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.

C)Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.

D)Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships,

abdac

5.Passageone(2008.12)

Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage

1.Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterand

economicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptions

behinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,where

sustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproper

appreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.

2.Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschanged

markedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEurope

fed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensity

thanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,Andanypollutionitcausedwastypically

localized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproductitwasrelatively

inefficient.

3.Contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution.Competitionfrom

overseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecame

cheaper,safeandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandto

diminishingbiodiversity.

4.What'smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthat

meetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050,yetthegrowthofcities

andindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.

5.Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowit

wasinthe20th.thiswillrequireradicalthinking.Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromthe

ideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.Wealsoneedto

abandonthenotionthatagriculturecanbe“zeroimpact”.Thekeywillbetoabandontherather

simpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproduction

withoutincreasingdamage,insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksatthe

prosandconsofallthevariouswaylandisused.Therearemanydifferentwaystomeasure

agriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield:energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbon

footprintandbiodiversity.Itisclear,fbrexample,thatthecarbonoftransportingtomatoesfrom

SpaintotheUKislessthanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheatingandlighting,

butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.

6.Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefood

production.

52.Howdopeopleoftenmeasureprogressinagriculture?

A)ByitsproductivityC)Byitsimpactontheenvironment

B)ByitssustainabilityD)Byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth

53.Specialisationandtheefforttoincreaseyieldshaveresultedin.

A)localisedpollutionC)competitionfromoverseas

B)theshrinkingoffarmlandD)thedecreaseofbiodiversity

54.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalfarmingpractices?

A)Theyhaveremainedthesameoverthecenturies

B)Theyhavenotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowth

C)Theyarenotnecessarilysustainable

D)Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly

55.Whatwillagriculturebelikeinthe21stcentury?

A)Itwillgothroughradicalchanges.

B)Itwillsupplymoreanimalproducts.

C)Itwillabandontraditionalfarmingpractices.

D)Itwillcausezerodamagetotheenvironment.

56.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?

A)Toremindpeopleoftheneedofsustainabledevelopment.

B)Tosuggestwaysofensuringsustainablefoodproduction.

C)Toadvancenewcriteriafbrmeasuringfarmingprogress.

D)Tourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureis.

bdcad

CHAPTERTWO

6.PassageFour(2006.1)

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Inmanyways,today'sbusinessenvironmenthaschangedqualitativelysincethelate1980s.

TheendoftheColdWarradicallyalteredtheverynatureoftheworld'spoliticsandeconomics.In

justafewshortyears,globalizationhasstartedavarietyoftrendswithprofoundconsequences:

theopeningofmarkets,trueglobalcompetition,widespreadderegulation(解除政府对的控

制)ofindustry,andanabundanceofaccessiblecapital.Wehaveexperiencedboththebenefits

andrisksofatrulyglobaleconomy,withbothWallStreetandMainStreet(平民百姓)feelingthe

painsofeconomicdisorderhalfaworldaway.

Atthesametime,wehavefullyenteredtheInformationAge,Startingbreakthroughsin

informationtechnologyhaveirreversiblyalteredtheabilitytoconductbusinessunconstrainedby

thetraditionallimitationsoftimeorspace.Today,it'salmostimpossibletoimagineaworld

withoutintranets,e-mail,andportablecomputers.Withstunningspeed,theInternetisprofoundly

changingthewaywework,shop,dobusiness,andcommunicate.

Asaconsequence,wehavetrulyenteredthePost-Industrialeconomy.Wearerapidlyshifting

fromaneconomybasedonmanufacturingandcommoditiestoonethatplacesthegreatestvalue

oninformation,services,support,anddistribution.Thatshift,inturn,placeanunprecedented

premiumon"knowledgeworkers,anewclassofwealthy,educated,andmobilepeoplewhoview

themselvesasfreeagentsinaseller'smarket.

Beyondtherealmofinformationtechnology,theacceleratedpaceoftechnologicalchangein

virtuallyeveryindustryhascreatedentirelynewbusiness,wipedoutothers,andproduceda

pervasive(广泛的)demandfbrcontinuousinnovation.Newproduct,process,anddistribution

technologiesprovidepowerfulleversfbrcreatingcompetitivevalue.Morecompaniesarelearning

theimportanceofdestructivetechnologiesinnovationsthatholdthepotentialtomakea

productline,orevenanentirebusinesssegment,virtuallyoutdated.

Anothermajortrendhasbeenthefragmentationofconsumerandbusinessmarkets.There5sa

growingappreciationthatsuperficiallysimilargroupsofcustomersmayhaveverydifferent

preferencesintermsofwhattheywanttobuyandhowtheywanttobuyit.Now,newtechnology

makesiteasier,faster,andcheapertoidentifyandservetargetedmicro-marketsinwaysthatwere

physicallyimpossibleorprohibitivelyexpensiveinthepast.Moreover,thetrendfeedsonitself,a

business'sabilitytoservesub-marketsfuelscustomers'appetitesfbrmoreandmorespecialized

offerings.

36.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thechancesinthebusinessenvironmentinthepastdecades

canbeattributedto.

A)technologicaladvances

B)worldwideeconomicdisorder

C)thefiercecompetitioninindustry

D)theglobalizationofeconomy

37.whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthesecondparagraph?

A)Therapiddevelopmentofinfbnnationtechnologyhastakenbusinessmenbysurprise

B)Informationtechnologyhasremovedtherestrictionsoftimeandspaceinbusiness

transactions

C)TheInternet,intranets,e-mail,andportablecomputershavepenetratedeverycornerofthe

world.

D)Thewaywedobusinesstodayhasbroughtaboutstartlingbreakthroughsininformation

technology.

38.IfabusinesswantstothriveinthePost-Industrialeconomy.

A)ithastoinvestmorecapitalinthetrainingoffreeagentstooperateinaseller'smarket

B)itshouldtryitsbesttosatisfytheincreasingdemandsofmobileknowledgeablepeople

C)itshouldnotoverlooktheimportanceofinformation,services,support,anddistribution

D)ithastoprovideeachofitsemployeeswiththelatestinformationaboutthechanging

market

39.Intheauthor'sview,destructivetechnologiesareinnovationswhich

A)caneliminateanentirebusinesssegment

B)demandaradicalchangeinprovidingservices

C)maydestroythepotentialofacompanytomakeanyprofit

D)callforcontinuousimprovementinwaysofdoingbusiness

40.Withthefragmentationofconsumerandbusinessmarkets

A)anincreasingnumberofcompanieshavedisintegrated

B)manufacturersmustfocusononespecialproducttoremaincompetitiveinthemarket

C)itisphysicallyimpossibleandprohibitivelyexpensivetodobusinessintheoldway

D)businesseshavetomeetindividualcustomers9specificneedsinordertosucceed.

dbcad

7.PassageTwo(2007.6)

Questions57to61artbasedonthefollowingpassage.

Theuseofdeferential(敬重的)languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofthewoman,

whichdominatesconservativegendernormsinJapan.Thisidealpresentsawomanwho

withdrawsquietlytothebackground,subordinatingherlifeandneedstothoseofherfamilyand

itsmalehead.Sheisadutifuldaughter,wife,andmother,masterofthedomesticarts.Thetypical

refinedJapanesewomanexcelsinmodestyanddelicacy:sheHtreadssoftly(谨言慎行)inthe

world,nelevatingfemininebeautyandgracetoanartform.

Nowadays,itiscommonlyobservedthatyoungwomenarenotconformingtothefeminine

linguistic(语言的)ideal.Theyareusingfeweroftheverydeferential"women'sMforms,andeven

usingthefewstrongfonnsthatareknownas"men's.”This,ofcourse,attractsconsiderableatten­

tionandhasledtoanoutcryintheJapanesemediaagainstthedefeminizationofwomen's

language.Indeed,wedidn'thearabout"men'slanguage*1untilpeoplebegantorespondtogirls*

appropriationofformsnormallyreservedfbrboysandmen.Thereisconsiderablesentimentabout

the"corruption”ofwomen'slanguage-whichofcourseisviewedaspartofthelossoffeminine

idealsandmorality-andthissentimentiscr