2020届北京市朝阳区高三考前保温训练英语试题(解析版)

高中英语月考(段考)试卷PAGEPAGE24北京市朝阳区2020届高三考前保温训练（一）英语试题第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）InthelastsevendaysIhaveseenthepressurethattheNHSisunder.Ihaveseenthepersonalcouragenotjustofthedoctorsandnursesbutofeveryone,thecleaners,the___1___(cook),thehealthcareworkersofeverydescription-physios,radiographers___2___havekeptcomingtowork,keptputtingthemselvesinharm'sway,kept___3___(risk)thisdeadlyvirus.Itisthankstothatcourage,thatdevotion,thatdutyandthatlovethatourNHShasbeenunbeatable.TheArcticOceaninsummerwillverylikelybeicefreebefore2050,atleasttemporally.Theresearchteam___4___(analyze)recentresultsfrom40differentclimatemodels.Usingthesemodels,theresearchersconsideredthefutureevolutionofArcticseaicecoverinascenariowithhighfutureCO2emissionsandlittleclimateprotection.As___5___(expect),Arcticseaicedisappearedquicklyinsummerinthesesimulations.However,thenewstudyfindsthatArcticsummerseaicealsodisappearsoccasionallyifCO2emissionsare___6___(rapid)reduced.Inordertounderstand___7___birdbrainschanged,ateamof37scientistsusedCTscandatatocreateendocasts(内腔)ofhundredsofbirdsanddinosaurs,whichthe___8___(combine)withalargeexistingdatabaseofbrainmeasurementsfrommodernbirds.Theythenanalyzedbrain-bodyallometry(体形变).“Thereisnoclearline___9___thebrainsofadvanceddinosaursandprimitivebirds,”_____10_____(note)co-authorDr.AmyBalanoffofJohnsHopkinsUniversity."Birdslikepigeonshavethesamebrainssizesyouwouldexpectforadinosaurofthesamebodysize,andinfactsomespecieslikemoa(恐鸟)havesmaller-than-expectedbrains.”『答案』1.cooks2.who3.risking4.hasorganized5.expected6.rapidly7.how8.combination9.between10.notes『解析』此题是由三则故事组成的。第一则故事是英国首相鲍里斯治愈出院后的讲话。第二则是讲未来北冰洋的冰在夏天会消失。第三则讲的是探索鸟类的大脑是如何运作的。『1题详解』考查名词单复数。句意：不仅是医生和护士，是每一个个人，包括清洁工和厨师，还包括理疗师、放射师、药剂师等在内的各种类型的医疗工作者。他们不停地工作，始终把自己置于危险的境地。根据句子thecleaners,the___1___(cook),thehealthcareworkers可知，这里是并列结构，并且前后都使用了名词的复数。所以这里cook也应该用复数形式。故填cooks。『2题详解』考查定语从句。句意：不仅是医生和护士，是每一个个人，包括清洁工和厨师，还包括理疗师、放射师、药剂师等在内的各种类型的医疗工作者。他们不停地工作，始终把自己置于危险的境地。在这句话中先行词是workers工人。在定语从句里面，句子没有主语，所以先行词在句子中充当主语的成分，这里又是非限制性定语从句。故填who。『3题详解』考查非谓语动词。句意：不仅是医生和护士，是每一个个人，包括清洁工和厨师，还包括理疗师、放射师、药剂师等在内的各种类型的医疗工作者。他们不停地工作，始终把自己置于危险的境地。根据前文keptcomingtowork,keptputtingthemselvesinharm'sway,可知，这里需要使用keepdoing，来进行并列。故填risking。『4题详解』考查时态。句意：这支研究团队通过对40个气候模型分析出了最近的研究成果。分析这个动作发生在过去，但是分析出来的结果对后面的研究起了影响。也就是说发生在过去对现在造成了影响，所以要用现在完成时。主语team又是单数。故填hasorganized。『5题详解』考查省略句。句意：正如预期那样，在这种刺激下北冰洋的冰在夏季会快速消失。这里应该是北冰洋里的冰，正如预期那样。冰和预期为被动关系，所以完整的句子asitisexpected，it指代北冰洋里的冰，和主句的主语相同且谓语动词为be动词，则状语从句中的主语和be动词就可以省略。故填expected。『6题详解』考查副词。句意：如果二氧化碳的排放量可以迅速减少的话。这里表达的意思是排放迅速减少，迅速是来修饰减少的。而reduce又是动词词性，所以前面要用副词修饰。故填rapidly。『7题详解』考查宾语从句。句意：为了理解鸟类的大脑是如何转变的。在这里从句跟在understand后作宾语就是宾语从句。change做不及动词，宾语从句为主谓结构。这里作方式，要表示“如何”这个含义。故填how。『8题详解』考查名词。句意：这里有一个关于各种现代鸟类大脑测量的数据库。空格前是定冠词the，空格后又是with所带的后置定语，所以空格应该填名词形式。故答案填combination。『9题详解』考查固定搭配。句意：在高级恐龙的大脑和原始鸟类的大脑之间，并无太大的区别。在这里要表达的意思是“在……之间”。这里只有恐龙和鸟类两者，则为固定搭配between…and。故填between。『10题详解』考查时态。句意来自HopkinsUniversity大学的Amy教授这样说道。在这个段落里面都使用的是一般现在时。而这句话中并无明显的时间状语标志，则应该与整段话一致。教授说这句话是主动关系，且主语是单数。故填notes。第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。JustBeingThereMarkandIvanranfromtheschoolbustoMark’shouse.Theyhadbothtriedoutfortheschoolsoccerteam,andthe___11___weresupposedtobeonlinebynow.Droppingtheirbackpacksinthefronthall,theboysracedtothe___12___.Markloggedintotheschoolwebsite.Thelistwasup!Findinghis___13___,Markbreathedasighofrelief.“Oursufferingisover,”hesaid.Ivandidn’t___14___,though.Markturnedtolookathim.Ivanhada(n)___15___expressiononhisface.Markturnedbacktothecomputerandreadeverynameonthelist,___16___forIvan’sname.Markfeltasifhehadbeenhitinthestomach.“Thisisn’t___17___,”heshouted.Ivanjustsighed.“Let’stalktothecoaches.Maybethey’llgiveyouanother___18___,”Markinsisted.Ivanjust___19___hishead.“IfIdidn’tmakeit,Ididn’tmakeit.”Thenhewas___20___,staringatthecomputerscreen.Oh,no,Markthought.WasIvanabouttocry?“AtleastyoucansleepinonSaturdays,”he___21___Ivan.“Right?”Noanswer.Marksighed.Hewishedhecould___22___peopleupthewayIvancould.Evenbackinkindergarten,Ivanhadknownhowtodoit.Onthefirstdayofkindergarten,Markhadbeenhomesickandbegantocryduringthebreak.Theotherkids___23___aroundhim.“Wanttohearafunnyjoke?”“Tryto___24___!”Afterawhile,theywalkedaway.OnlyIvan___25___.Hesaid,“I’lljustkeepyoucompanywhileyou’resad.”Minuteslater,thetwoboyswereplayinghappily.___26___itnow,Markfeltcalmer.Forafewminutes,hekeptquiet.Thenhesaid,“Thismustbereallyhard.”Ivanfinally___27___hiseyesfromthescreen.HelookedatMarkandnodded.“Yeah.Itis.”Thefriendssatin___28___forawhile.ThenIvantookadeepbreath,wipedhiseyesandstoodup.“Maybewecouldshootsomehoops(投篮),”hesuggested.“I’llprobablyfeel___29___whenIbeatyou.”Hesmiledalittle.Markstoodup,too.“YoumeanwhenIbeatyou,”hesaid.Ivanlaughed,andtheyheadedoutside.“Thanks,”saidIvan,noddingatMark.“___30___.Thanks,Mark.”11.A.photos B.results C.songsD.films12.A.book B.piano C.televisionD.computer13.A.team B.match C.name D.plan14.A.respond B.care C.agree D.listen15.A.excited B.confused C.frightened D.amused16.A.preparing B.asking C.searching D.waiting17.A.fair B.funny C.direct D.popular18.A.lesson B.chance C.example D.job19.A.nodded B.shook C.turned D.raised20.A.silent B.tired C.thankful D.pleased21.A.blamed B.warned C.comfortedD.promised22.A.cheer B.keep C.wake D.lift23.A.ran B.moved C.crowded D.jumped24.A.talk B.shout C.play D.smile25.A.changed B.understood C.hesitatedD.remained26.A.Evaluating B.Remembering C.TreasuringD.Managing27.A.turned B.opened C.fixedD.widened28.A.peace B.silence C.surpriseD.satisfaction29A.safer B.weaker C.lonelierD.better30.A.Seriously B.Honestly C.HopefullyD.Naturally『答案』11.B12.D13.C14.A15.B16.C17.A18.B19.B20.A21.C22.A23.C24.D25.D26.B27.A28.B29.D30.A『解析』本文为一篇记叙文。主要讲了两个小男孩Ivan和Mark的友谊的故事。Ivan在足球队选拔中落伍，好朋友Mark一直在身边安慰。『11题详解』考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果现在应该在网上了。A.photos照片；B.results结果；C.songs歌曲；D.films电影。根据下文Thelistwasup!可知，这里讲足球队的名单出来了。故此题选B。『12题详解』考查名词词义辨析。句意：两个男孩冲到电脑面前。A.book书；B.piano钢琴；C.television电视；D.computer电脑。根据下文的website可知，是在网站上查询结果。故此题选D。『13题详解』考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mark在找到自己名字后，如释重负。A.team队伍；B.match比赛；C.name名字；D.plan计划。通过上文的list可知，他们是在名单上找自己的名字。故此题选C。14题详解』考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是Ivan没有回应。A.respond回应；B.care在意；C.agree同意D.listen听。上一句说到Mark查到结果后对Ivan说话，这里用了转折，可知Ivan没有回应他。故此题选A。『15题详解』考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ivan脸上流露出很疑惑的表情。A.excited激动的；B.confused不解的；C.frightened害怕的；D.amused好笑的。根据下文可知Ivan落选了，所以他对于这个结果很不解。故此题选B。『16题详解』考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mark返回电脑屏幕前，浏览着名单想找到Ivan名字。A.preparing准备；B.asking要求；C.searching寻找；D.waiting等待。Ivan落选了，两个孩子都不相信，所以Mark再读名单，找寻Ivan的名字。故此题选C。『17题详解』考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这不公平。A.fair公平的；B.funny有趣的；C.direct直接的；D.popular受欢迎的。这里讲到的是Mark对于挚友落选的看法，他觉得好友没选上是不公平的。故此题选A。『18题详解』考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们去找教练吧，让他给你再一次的机会。A.lesson课程；B.chance机会；C.example例子；D.job工作。Ivan落选，Mark希望教练可以重新考虑一下，给个机会。故此题选B。『19题详解』考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ivan只是摇了摇头。A.nodded点头；B.shook摇头；C.turned变得；D.raised提出。通过Ivan说的话IfIdidn’tmakeit,Ididn’tmakeit.可以知道，他是不赞成好友的说法的。故此题选B。『20题详解』考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此后Ivan沉默不言，只是盯着屏幕。A.silent沉默的；B.tired劳累的；C.thankful感激的；D.pleased高兴的。通过此句后半部分staringat可知，Ivan在对着屏幕发呆。故此题选A。『21题详解』考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mark安慰道你至少星期天早上不用早起了。A.blamed责备；B.warned警告；C.comforted安慰；D.promised承诺。看着好友不高兴，Mark要来安慰一下。故此题选C。『22题详解』考查动词词义辨析。句意：他希望能像Ivan一样鼓舞人。A.cheer鼓舞；B.keep保持；C.wake醒来；D.lift举起。通过下文Mark在教室哭泣，Ivan来安慰他可知，Ivan会鼓舞别人。故此题选A。『23题详解』考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他的孩子围了过来。A.ran跑；B.moved移动；C.crowded挤满；D.jumped跳。这里讲到Mark在教室里哭了起来，其他的小朋友都围过来安慰他，问他怎么了。故此题选C。『24题详解』考查动词词义辨析。句意：你想听笑话吗？快快笑起来吧。A.talk交谈；B.shout吼叫；C.play玩耍；D.smile微笑。前文讲到funnyjoke，所以是想让他笑起来。故此题选D。『25题详解』考查动词词义辨析。句意：只有Ivan一个人留在那儿。A.changed改变；B.understood理解；C.hesitated犹豫；D.remained留下。根据文中walkaway可知，其他孩子都走开了，只剩下了Ivan。故此题选D。『26题详解』考查动词词义辨析。句意：记住了Ivan所说的话，Mark变得平静了一些。A.Evaluating评价；B.Remembering记住；C.Treasuring珍惜；D.Managing管理。上文Ivan说到I’lljustkeepyoucompanywhileyou’resad.在Mark不开心的时候，Ivan说会一致陪着他。所以Mark把这句话牢牢记住，心情就好了一些。故此题选B。『27题详解』考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终Ivan将眼睛从屏幕上移开。A.turned转向；B.opened打开；C.fixed固定；D.widened变宽。通过下文HelookedatMark，可知没看屏幕了而去看了Mark。故答案选A。『28题详解』考查名词词义辨析句意：两个人保持了一会沉默。A.peace和平；B.silence沉默；C.surprise惊讶；D.satisfaction满意。通过下文tookadeepbreath可知，两个人没有说话。故此题选B。『29题详解』考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：如果我能打败你，我会好受一下。A.safer更安全；B.weaker更虚弱；C.lonelier更孤独；D.better更好。Ivan落选心情不好，这是他想出来缓解心情的办法，这样会让他心情好受一些。故此题选D。『30题详解』考查副词词义辨析。句意：说真的，Mark谢谢你。A.Seriously严肃地；B.Honestly诚实地；C.Hopefully有希望地；D.Naturally自然地。这里Ivan是真心想给Mark说声感谢。故此题选A。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIt’sbothanexcitingbutfrighteningexperienceforparentsthemomenttheirteenagerobtainsadriver’slicense.Herearesomeofthebestandmostrecommendedappsforteendriversandfortheirparents’peaceofmind.SafeDriverThisappworksbymonitoringthepositionandthedrivingspeedofyourchild.Youcanalsosetaspeedlimit.Wheneveryourchilddrivesoverthisspeedlimit,analert(警报)willbesenttoyourphone.Itsonlydrawbackisthatit’sonlyeffectivewhenyourchildopenstheappontheirphonewhiledriving.DriveSafelyIfyou’rescaredofyourteenagers’tendenciestobeonthephonewhiledriving,thisisagreatappforthemtouse.Wheneveratextmessagecomesin,it’llreadthetextmessageoutloud.Thedriverneedn’ttaketheirhandsoffthewheelinordertochecktextmessagesontheirphone.Theusercanevenrespondtothemessageviavoice.TextecutionThisapplocksadriver’sphonewhileheorsheisdriving,preventingtheuserfromgainingaccesstoanyoftheSMSfunctionsofthephone.Parentscanbealertedviatheapp’swebsite.Forexample,you’llbesentanalertintheeventthatthedriverhasrequestedpermissiontoaccesstheirphone’smessagingfunction.Thisfunctioncanonlybeactivatedifthedriverissafelyparkedorintheeventofanaccident.Ifeveryourchildremovestheapplicationfromtheirphone,parentscanbeinformed,too.Life360Theinitialpurposeofthisappisconnectingfamilymemberstogether.Throughtheapp,youcanshareyourpositionwithoneanotherwhereveryouare.Itprovidesreal-timedataforparentsaboutpositionanddrivingspeed.Parentscan,therefore,feelsafeandsecureknowingthattheirchildhasreachedtheirintendeddestination.Theapplicationcanbeturnedoff.Butit’llinformthememberswithintheappthatyourchildhasdisabledit.31.WhatcantheappSafeDriverdo?A.Controltheuser’sdrivingspeed.B.Keepworkingevenwhenit’sturnedoff.C.Helpteenagersdevelopgooddrivinghabits.D.Alertparentstotheirchildren’soverspeeddriving.32.Whichappenablestheusertoreceiveandanswertextmessageseasilywhiledriving?A.SafeDriver. B.DriveSafely. C.Textecution. D.Life360.33.WhatdoTextecutionandLife360haveincommon?A.Theyareintendedtobringfamilymemberscloser.B.Teenagerscan’tdeletethemwithoutparents’permission.C.Parentscanknowiftheystopworkingonteenagers'phones.D.Theyofferparentsreal-timedataaboutpositionanddrivingspeed.『答案』31.D32.B33.C『分析』这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款最好的和最受推荐的应用程序为青少年司机和他们的父母安心：SafeDriver，DriveSafely，Textecution和Life360。『31题详解』细节理解题。根据文章SafeDriver部分内容“Wheneveryourchilddrivesoverthisspeedlimit,analertwillbesenttoyourphone.”可知每当孩子开车超过这个速度限制，一个警告将发送到家长的手机。故选D项。『32题详解』细节理解题。根据文章DriveSafely部分内容“Wheneveratextmessagecomesin,it’llreadthetextmessageoutloud.”以及“Theusercanevenrespondtothemessageviavoice.”可知，每当有短信进来，这款APP就会大声读出短信，用户甚至可以通过语音回复信息，因此可知，“DriveSafely”可以使用户可以在开车时轻松地接收和回复短信。故选B项。『33题详解』细节理解题。根据文章Textecution部分内容“Ifeveryourchildremovestheapplicationfromtheirphone,parentscanbeinformed,too.(如果你的孩子从手机上删除了这个应用程序，父母也可以被告知。)”和文章Life360部分内容“Theapplicationcanbeturnedoff.Butit'llinformthememberswithintheappthatyourchildhasdisabledit.(该应用程序可以关闭，但它会通知应用程序内的成员，您的孩子禁用了它。)”可知，这两款应用软件的共同点在于如果孩子不再使用该软件，那么父母会被告知。故选C项『点睛』阅读理解之细节理解题考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。在做此类题目时可采用事寻读法，即：根据题干关键词定位原文内容，与选项进行对比分析，从而选出正确答案。比如文章第2小题：31.WhatcantheappSafeDriverdo?A.Controltheuser'sdrivingspeed.B.Keepworkingevenwhenit’sturnedoff.C.Helpteenagersdevelopgooddrivinghabits.D.Alertparentstotheirchildren’soverspeeddriving.根据题干关键词“SafeDriver”定位，利用寻读法通读该部分内容，可知选项D.Alertparentstotheirchildren’soverspeeddriving.(提醒父母注意孩子超速驾驶。)与原文“Wheneveryourchilddrivesoverthisspeedlimit,analertwillbesenttoyourphone.(每当你的孩子开车超过这个速度限制，你的手机就会收到一个警告。)”表达一致。因此D项为正确答案。BAwomanwhoillegallyenteredYellowstoneNationalParkonMay12hassufferedburnsafteraccidentallyfallingintoathermalfeature(热景观)nearitsOldFaithfulGeyser,officialssaid.TheparkhasbeenclosedtoallvisitorssinceMarch24duetosafetyprecautionsamidthecoronaviruspandemic(新冠病毒大流行).“Waterinhotspringscancausesevereorfatalburns,andhotwaterunderliesmostofthethin,breakablesurfacearoundhotsprings,”theparkadvisesonitswebsite.“HotspringshaveinjuredorkilledmorepeopleinYellowstonethananyothernaturalfeature.”Thewoman,whoisyettobeidentified,wasbackingupwhiletakingphotosnearthefamoustouristattractionandfellintoahotspringorholewherehotgasesemerge,accordingtoparkspokeswomanLindaVeress.Evenwithherinjuries,shemanagedtohopbackinhervehicleanddriveabout50milesuntilparkguardsstoppedher.ShewasthensenttoaburncenteratahospitalinIdaho.VisitorsareadvisedtostayontheboardwalksnearYellowstone’softenboilingoracidicthermalfeatures,whichincludegeysers,hotsprings,steamvents,andmudpots.Thisyear,twotouristsweresentencedto10daysinprisonfortrespassingatthehotspringlastSeptemberaftertheywerecaughtwalking“dangerouslyclose”tothespoutofthelegendarygeyser(间歇泉)withoutpermissionandtakingphotosontheircellphones.“ThermalareasafetyisanextremelyimportantpartofanytriptoYellowstone.WeaskvisitorstotaketheYellowstonePromisebeforecomingtotheparkandtoreadtheparkvisitorguideformoreinformationonsafety,rules,andregulations,”aspokespersonsaidfollowingtheincidentlastyear.Attimes,touristshavetakenrisksoffthedesignatedwalkwaysbeforebeinginjuredorkilled.Lastfall,amanwhowaswalkingoffaboardwalknearOldFaithfulatnightfellintoahotspring,sufferingseriousburns.BackinJune,a23-year-oldOregonresidentfellintoasuperheated,acidicmudpotanddied.Hisremainscouldn'tberecovered.YellowstoneisannouncingplansforaphasedreopeningonMay13.Theincidentremainsunderinvestigation,Veresssaid.34.WhatistrueaboutthewomanmentionedinParagraph1?A.Wedon’tknowwhosheis.B.She’sgoodattakingphotos.C.Shedrovetohospitalafterbeinginjured.D.ShediedinYellowstoneNationalParkonTuesday.35.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“trespassing”mean?A.damaging B.takingphotosC.enteringwithoutpermission D.drinkingwaterfromhotspring36.WhatshouldyoudowhenvisitingYellowstoneNationalPark?A.Haveacameraandtakephotos. B.Don’tgotohotspringarea.C.Followvisitorguideandbecareful. D.Don’ttakethewalkways.37.WhatcanwelearnaboutYellowstoneNationalPark?A.Visitorsgetinjuredorkilledbyhotspringthemost.B.It’sdangerousforvisitorstotakephotosinthepark.C.YellowstoneNationalParkisthemostfamousoneintheUS.D.Visitorswillbeallowedtoentertheparkattheendoftheyear.『答案』34.A35.C36.C37.A『分析』这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一名女子非法进入黄石国家公园中，最终落入温泉中被烧伤。『34题详解』细节理解题。由第一段内容“Thewoman,whoisyettobeidentified,wasbackingupwhiletakingphotosnearthefamoustouristattractionandfellintoahotspringorholewherehotgasesemerge,accordingtoparkspokeswomanLindaVeress.”据公园发言人琳达·维里斯说，这名身份尚未得到确认的女子当时正在著名的旅游景点附近倒车拍照，结果掉进了一个冒出热气温泉或洞穴。可知，关于第一段提到的那个女人，我们不知道她是谁。故选A项。『35题详解』词义猜测题。由第二段“Visitorsareadvisedtostayontheboardwalks…”游客们被建议呆在黄石公园附近的木板路上……和“theywerecaughtwalking“dangerouslyclose”tothespoutofthelegendarygeyser(间歇泉)withoutpermissionandtakingphotosontheircellphones.”他们被发现，在未经许可的情况下过分的走近传奇的间歇泉的喷口并且用手机拍照。可知，走近间歇泉是不被允许的，会被惩罚，可以推断两名游客被判处入狱10天的是因为侵入温泉，故“trespassing”的含义是未经许可进入。故选C项。『36题详解』细节理解题。由第三段“WeaskvisitorstotaketheYellowstonePromisebeforecomingtotheparkandtoreadtheparkvisitorguideformoreinformationonsafety,rules,andregulations,”我们要求游客在来公园之前遵守黄石承诺，并阅读公园游客指南，获取更多关于安全、规则和规定的信息。可知，当我们参观黄石国家公园时,要遵循游客指南，要小心谨慎。故选C项。『37题详解』细节理解题。由第一段“HotspringshaveinjuredorkilledmorepeopleinYellowstonethananyothernaturalfeature.”黄石公园温泉造成的伤亡人数比其他任何自然景观都要多。可以推断，在黄石国家公园中，游客因温泉受伤或死亡最多。故选A项。『点睛』细节理解题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。多数情况下，作者不会明确的呈现一个事实，读者需要根据已有的信息进行处理，读出言外之意。还要特别注意文章的时间顺序、故事发生的地点、情节的发展和人物之间的关系。例如，第2题文章中游客们被建议呆在黄石公园附近的木板路，并且两名游客在未经许可的情况下过分的走近传奇的间歇泉的喷口。可知，两名游客被判处入狱10天的是因为侵入温泉，故“trespassing”的含义是未经许可进入。故选C项。CAtlanticpuffins(海雀)spendmostoftheirlifeatsea.Whenit'stimetolayeggs,thebirdsgatheronseasidecliffs.Theydigintothegroundtobuildnests.Afterachickwasborn,itspendssixweeksinthenest,feastingonfishsuppliedbyitsparents.Thentheyoungbirdmustlookafteritself.Itleavesthenestandfliestothesea.ButonHeimaey,anislandoffthecoastofIceland,human-madeobjectshavedisruptedthechicks’triptotheocean.Luckily,theyaregettinghelpfromthechildrenofHeimaey.Instincttellschickstofollowthelightofthemoontothesea,buttheyareconfusedbyHeimaey’sbrightlights.Eachyear,alargenumberofthemenduplost,orworse.Often,thebirdsarehitbycarsorcaughtandeatenbycats.Eachbreedingseason,thechildrenofHeimaeyformsearchparties.Theycarryflashlightsandcardboardboxes.“Whenyouseeabird,youtrytocorneritandherditintothebox,”saidEldurHansen.Elduris14andhehascaughtseveralpuffinsthisway.Eachyear,theyrescuethousandsofchicks.Childrentakerescuedbirdshome.Thenextmorning,theytakethemtothebeachforrelease.Beforereleasingthechicks,thechildrenmakeastopatthelocalaquarium,wherethebirdsareweighedandtaggedfortrackingpurposes.Thishelpsscientistslearnmoreaboutpuffins.Atlanticpuffinsarenowlistedasararespecies.Thatmeanstheyarelikelytobecomeendangered.Themainreasonisthattheocean’ssupplyofsmallfishisdiminishing.Thisistiedtooverfishingandrisingoceantemperatures.ErpurHansen,EldurHansen’sdad,iswiththeSouthIcelandNatureResearchCenter.Hesaidthechildren’sactionwasmoreimportantthanever.Thankstodatagatheredwiththechildren’shelp,researchershavelearnedthatchicksnowweighlessthaninpreviousyears.Thatmeanstheyhavealowerchanceofsurvival.Researchersworrythatpuffinswilldieoutifoceantemperaturescontinuetorise,butthechildren’srescueinspiresthem.38.Whatwillamotherpuffindoafterachickwasborn?A.Catchfishtofeedthechick. B.Stayinthenestforsixweeks.C.Leavethenestandflytotheseaalone. D.Leadthechickbacktotheseaatonce.39.Whatmaydisturbthechicks’senseofdirectionontheirwaytothesea?A.Thecars. B.Thechildren. C.Theanimals. D.Thelights.40.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminishing”inParagraph6mean?A.Changing. B.Decreasing. C.Accumulating. D.Abandoning.41.Howdotheresearcherscomparethechicks’weight?A.Gettinginformationfromthelibrary. B.Researchingthecolorsofthechicks.C.Studyingthedatacollectedbythechildren. D.Weighingthechicksadoptedatthelocalaquarium.『答案』38.A39.D40.B41.C『解析』这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大西洋海雀这种动物，介绍了其生活习性、面临的困境，以及人们为了保护这种鸟类所采取的一些措施。『38题详解』推理判断题。根据第一段中Afterachickwasborn,itspendssixweeksinthenest,feastingonfishsuppliedbyitsparents.Thentheyoungbirdmustlookafteritself.可知小海雀出生后，会在巢里呆上6周，以父母提供的鱼为食。然后小鸟必须自己照顾自己。由此可推知，幼崽出生后，海雀妈妈会抓鱼喂小海雀。故选A。『39题详解』细节理解题。根据第三段中Instincttellschickstofollowthelightofthemoontothesea,buttheyareconfusedbyHeimaey’sbrightlights.可知小企鹅的本能告诉它们要跟着月光到海里去，但它们被Heimaey的亮光弄糊涂了。由此可知，在去海边的路上，灯光会干扰小海雀的方向感。故选D。『40题详解』词义猜测题。根据上文Atlanticpuffinsarenowlistedasararespecies.Thatmeanstheyarelikelytobecomeendangered.Themainreasonisthattheocean’ssupplyofsmallfishis可知大西洋海雀现在被列为稀有物种。这意味着它们可能会成为濒危物种。主要原因是海洋中小鱼的供应正在减少。由此可知，划线单词diminishing意思为“减少”。A.Changing.改变；B.Decreasing.减少；C.Accumulating.积累；D.Abandoning.放弃。故选B。『41题详解』细节理解题。根据最后一段中Thankstodatagatheredwiththechildren’shelp,researchershavelearnedthatchicksnowweighlessthaninpreviousyears.可知多亏了在孩子们的帮助下收集的数据，研究人员发现现在的雏鸟比前几年体重要轻。由此可知，研究人员通过研究孩子们收集的数据来比较雏鸟的体重的。故选C。DTherecentworldchesschampionshipsawMagnusCarlsendefendhistitleagainstFabianoCaruana.Butitwasnotacontestbetweenthetwostrongestchessplayersontheplanet,onlythestrongesthumans.SoonafterGarryKasparov,theformerworldchesschampion,losthisre-matchagainstIBM’sDeepBluein1997,theshortwindowofhuman-machinechesscompetitionwasshutforever.Unlikehumans,machineskeepgettingfaster,andtodayasmartphonechessappcanbestrongerthanDeepBlue.Inthelate19thcentury,AlfredBinethopedthatunderstandingwhycertainpeoplestoodoutatchesswouldunlocksecretsofhumanthought.Sixtyyearslater,AlanTuringwonderedwhetherthissortofabilityrepresentsanessentialdifferencebetweenthepotentialitiesofthemachineandthemind.Muchasairplanesdon’tflaptheirwingslikebirds,machinesdon’tgeneratechessmoveslikehumansdo.Earlyprogramsthatattempteditwereweak.Butnowthingsaredifferent.Basedonacommongame-playingalgorithm(算法),AlphaZeroincorporatesdeeplearningandotherAItechniquestoplayagainstitselftogenerateitsownchessknowledge.AlphaZerostartsoutknowingonlytherulesofchess,withnoinsertedhumanstrategies(策略).Injustafewhours,itplaysmoregamesagainstitselfthanhavebeenrecordedinhumanchesshistory.Itteachesitselfthebestwaytoplay,reevaluatingsuchfundamentalconceptsastherelativevaluesofthepieces.Itquicklybecomesstrongenoughtodefeatthebestchess-playersintheworld,winning28,drawing72,andlosingnoneinavictoryoverStockfish,oneofthestrongestchessengines.Theconventionalwisdomisthatmachineswouldapproachperfectionwithendlessstrategies,usuallyleadingtodrawngames.ButAlphaZeropreferspositionsthatlookriskyandaggressive,anditprogramsitself,whichallowsittooutclasstheworld’stoptraditionalprogramdespitecalculatingfarfewerpositionspersecond.It’stheexampleofthecliché,“worksmarter,notharder.”AlphaZeroshowsusthatmachinescanbetheexperts,notmerelyexperttools.It’snotgoingtoputchesscoachesoutofbusinessjustyet.Buttheknowledgeitgeneratesisinformationwecanalllearnfrom.AlphaZeroissurpassingusinaprofoundandusefulway.Machinelearningsystemsaren’tperfect,evenataclosedsystemlikechess.TherewillbecaseswhereanAIwillfailtodetectexceptionstotheirrules.Therefore,wemustworktogether,tocombineourstrengths.Insteadofbeingangryagainstthem,it’sbetterifwe’reallonthesameside.42.Accordingtothepassage,AlanTuringmightagreethat.A.airplanescanbeasgoodasbirds.B.theunlockedsecretsofhumanthoughtarepowerful.C.machinesarebetterthanhumaningeneratingchessmoves.D.thepotentialitiesofthehumanmindarebetterthanthatofthemachine.43.HowisAlphaZerodifferentfromothermachines?AAlphaZerohaveAItechniques.B.AlphaZerocandefeatthebestchessplayers.C.AlphaZerocanplaymoregamesmorequickly.D.AlphaZerocangenerateitsownchessknowledge.44.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outclass”inParagraph4mean?A.Become B.Beat C.Leave D.Distinguish45.Theauthorarguesinthelasttwoparagraphsthat.A.machinelearninginchessisperfect.B.humanchesscoachesarenotneededyet.C.AIwillbelearningtochallengetheirrules.D.humansandAIcanworktogethertoadvance.『答案』42.D43.D44.B45.D『解析』这是一篇说明文。文章以AlphaZero为例介绍了人工智能的发展以及我们应该对人工智能所采取的正确态度。『42题详解』推理判断题。根据文章第二段Sixtyyearslater,AlanTuringwonderedwhetherthissortofabilityrepresentsanessentialdifferencebetweenthepotentialitiesofthemachineandthemind.Muchasairplanesdon’tflaptheirwingslikebirds,machinesdon’tgeneratechessmoveslikehumansdo.Earlyprogramsthatattempteditwereweak（60年后，AlanTuring想知道，这种能力是否代表了机器和大脑之间的潜能的本质区别。就像飞机不会像鸟类那样扇动翅膀一样，机器也不会像人类那样做出象棋走法。早期尝试过这种做法的项目很薄弱）可知，机器无法像人类一样走出象棋的走法的，人类大脑的潜力优越于机器。故选D项。『43题详解』细节理解题。根据文章第三段Butnowthingsaredifferent.Basedonacommongame-playingalgorithm,AlphaZeroincorporatesdeeplearningandotherAItechniquestoplayagainstitselftogenerateitsownchessknowledge.AlphaZerostartsoutknowingonlytherulesofchess,withnoinsertedhumanstrategies（但现在情况不同了。基于一个共同的游戏算法,AlphaZero包含深度学习和其他人工智能技术来生成自己的象棋比赛本身的知识。AlphaZero开始只知道国际象棋的规则,没有插入人类策略）可知，AlphaZero可生成自己对象棋比赛本身的知识。故选D项。『44题详解』词义猜测题。前句提到“AlphaZero喜欢有风险和侵略性的位置，而且还能自己编程”。因此可以推出，集合以上这些优势AlphaZero可以轻松“打败”世界上最顶尖的传统程序。“outclass”意思是打败，故选B项。『45题详解』细节理解题。根据最后一段Machinelearningsystemsaren’tperfect,evenataclosedsystemlikechess.TherewillbecaseswhereanAIwillfailtodetectexceptionstotheirrules.Therefore,wemustworktogether,tocombineourstrengths.Insteadofbeingangryagainstthem,it’sbetterifwe’reallonthesameside（机器学习系统并不完美，即使是在像国际象棋这样的封闭系统中。在某些情况下，AI将无法检测到规则中的异常。因此，我们必须共同努力，结合我们的力量。与其对它们生气，不如我们都站在同一边）可知，作者在最后两段论述了人类和人工智能可以共同进步。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Supposeyouwerepromised$1,440eachdaythatcomesto$525,600ayear.Thatcouldneverbereducedorchangedinyourwholelife.Soundsgreat,doesn’tit?Actually,wealldoget1,440aday—butinminutes,notdollars.___46___It’spossibletogetmoremoney,butyoucan’tmakemoretime.Manyofthemanagementpracticesthathelppeoplemakegooduseoftheirmoneycan