2023年12月英语四级押题密卷（NO.1）

PAGEPAGE12023年12月英语四级押题密卷（NO.1）（NO.1）PartI Writing 30minutesQuestions1and2willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.1.A)Two. B)Three. C)Four. D)Five.2.Hecalledthepoliceaftertheaccident.Hebrokehisarmintheaccident.Hewascaughttakingdrugs.Hewasarrestedbythepolice.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.Acuretobraincancer.Anewsurgicalinstrument.Apenthatcanidentifycanceroustissue.Anewdrugthatcaneliminatecanceroustissue.4.Findingtheborderbetweenthecancerousandnormaltissue.Identifyingtheaccuracyrateofthenewdevice.Improvingtheirspeedofremovingatumor.Usingthenewdeviceinbrainsurgery.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.PAGEPAGE2Tocollectscientificdataonit.Tomonitorthestormonit.Totakephotosofthestormonit.Toinvestigateitsenvironment.6.Ithaslastedfornearly350years.Ithaslastedformorethat350months.Itseemstobegettingsmaller.Itseemstobegettinglarger.7.Whatinitiallycausedthestorm.Whatisunderneaththestorm.Whatistheimpactofthestorm.Whatmakesthestormlastforsolong.SectionB Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.It'sfordisabledadults. C)It'srewardingandchallenging.It'sinasportscentre. D)It'scompulsiveinhercommunity.9.Theskillstheyneed. C)Themarkettheytarget.Theproductstheyhave. D)Thelanguagetheyrequire.10.Diversifymarketsandsalesstrategies.Reducecostsandjobs.Learnfromothercompanies.Listentotheopinionsofexperts.11.Thesalaryandtheworkload.Theofficehourandthepenaltysystem.Thewelfareandtheholidaysystem.Theethicalpolicyandthecarbonfootprint.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.Double-deckerbuses. C)Busroutes.ThetrafficinLondon. D)TravelsinBritain.13.Ithasnowindows. C)Ithastwocarriages.Peoplegetontoitatthefront. D)Itisopenattheback.14.A)Uncomfortable. B)Noisy. C)Dangerous. D)Shabby.15.Bendybusescanhelpreducethetrafficjam.Bendybusesaremoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Bendybusesareconvenientforpeopleinwheelchairs.Bendybusesaremorepopularamongtourists.SectionCQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.Theyhadfourtoes.Theywerenotasbigasdogs.TheylivedinSouthAmerica.Theylivedinthickforests.17.Theyhadlonglegsandalongtail.Theyweresmallerandhadfronteyes.Theybegantoeatgrassaswellasfruit.Theywerebiggerandhadlonglegs.18.TheyevolvedintodonkeysinAsiaandAfrica.TheyusedtheirlonglegstorunsouthtoSouthAfrica.TheybegantoeatapplesontheNorthAmericanplains.Theypreferredgrasstofruitandvegetables.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.Beingrejectedbyfriendsandteachers.Stayingawayfromhisnativeland.Adaptingtonewstudyexpectations.Keepingabalancebetweenstudyandjob.20.Talkingwitholderbrothersorsisters.Havingacasualtalkwithacollegestudent.Startingaconversationwithclosefriends.Playingwithfriendsonthesamesportsteam.21.Followtraditionsofwithacollegestudent.Takepartinasmanyactivitiesaspossible.Respectthecustomsofdifferentcolleges.Takeothers'adviceasreferenceonly.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.Theytendtoharmwildlife.Theyarehardlyrecyclable.Theyarethrownawayeverywhere.Theyaremadefromuselessmaterials.23.A)Itisfatal. B)Itisweird. C)Itisveryserious. D)Itiscomplicated.24.Theseacreaturesthathavetakeninthenareconsumedbyhumans.Theocean'secologyhasbeenpollutedandaffectedhumans.Humanseattheseabirdsthathaveswallowedplasticparticles.Humansconsumethefishthathaveeatenseacreatureswiththem.25.Itsusehasbeendrasticallyreduced.Itisstillanindispensablematerial.Mostproductsusenaturalmaterials.Theuseofplasticitemswillbecharged.PartⅢ ReadingComprehension 40minutesSectionAQuestions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Athirdoftheplanet'slandisseverelydegradedandfertilesoilisbeinglostattherateof24bntonnesayear,accordingtoanewUnitedNations-backedstudythatcallsforashiftawayfromdestructivelyintensiveagriculture,Thealarming26,whichisforecasttocontinueasdemandforfoodandproductivelandincreases,willrisetotherisksofconflictsunless27actionsareimplemented,warnstheinstitutionbehindthereport.“Asthereadysupplyofhealthyandproductivelanddriesupandthepopulationgrows,competitionis28forlandwithincountriesandglobally,”saidexecutivesecretaryoftheUNConventiontoCombatDesertification(UNCCD)atthelaunchoftheGlobalLandOutlook.“To29thelosses,theoutlooksuggestsitisinallourintereststostepbackandrethinkhowwearemanagingthepressuresandthecompetition.”TheGlobalLandOutlookis30asthemostcomprehensivestudyofitstype,theinterlinkedimpactsofurbanization,climatechange,erosionandforestloss.Butthebiggestfactoristhe31ofindustrialfarming.Heavytilling,multipleharvestsand32useofagrochemicalshaveincreasedyieldsatthe33oflong-termsustainability.Ifthepast20years,agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled,notesapaperintheoutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime,however,this34fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35desertification.A)absorbF)expansionK)occasionallyB)abundantG)expenseL)optimizesC)billedH)intensifyingM)rateD)declineI)limitedN)remedialE)diminishesJ)minimizeO)ultimatelySectionBTakeNapsatWork.ApologizetoNoOneInthepasttwoweeksI'vetakenthreenapsatwork,atotalofanhourorsoofshut-eyewhileontheclock.AndIhavenoshameoruncertaintyaboutdoingit.Icouldn'tfeelbetteraboutit,andmyproductivityreflectsit,too.Sleepingonthejobisoneofthoseworkplacetaboos-likeleavingyourdeskforlunchortakinganafternoonwalk-thatwe'retaughttolookdownon.Ifsomeonenapsat2p.m.whiletherestofusfuriouslywritememosandrespondtoemailssurelyitmustmeanthey'reslackingoffOrsotheassumptiongoes.RestfulnessandrechargingcantakeabackseattotheperceptionandappearanceofproductivityIt'seasiertostayonavirtualhamsterwheelofactivitybyimmediatelyrespondingtoeveryemailthanitistomeasureaggregateproductivityoveragreaterperiodoftime.Butagrowingfieldofoccupationalandpsychologicalresearchisbuildingthecaseforrestfulnessinpursuitofgreaterproductivity.Companiesaresufferingfromtremendousproductivityproblemsbecausepeoplearestressedoutandnotrecoveringfromtheworkday,saidJoshBersin,PrincipalandonderfBeinbyelo.heyebegnnngoeliehthisisheirpble,ndtheycan'tjustsaytopeople,Here'sawork-lifebalancecourse,goteachyourselfhowtomanageyourinbox,”Mr.Bersinsaid.“It'swaymorecomplicatedthanthat.”Tobesure,theabilitytonapatworkisfarfromwidespread,expertssaid.Fewamongushavetheluxuryofbeingabletostepawayforahalf-hoursnoozefestButlunchhoursandcoffeebreakscanbegreattimestoduckout,andyourincreasedproductivityandalertnesswillbealltheevidenceyouneedtomakeyourcasetoinquiringbosses.Inanidealworld,we'dallsolvethisproblembyunpluggingearlyandgettingagoodnight'ssleep.Here'sourguideonhowtodojustthat.Butthenextbestthingisstealingawayforaquickpowernapwhenyou'redraggingafterlunch.InastudypublishedinNatureNeuroscience,researcherstestedsubjectsontheirperceptualperformancefourtimesthroughouttheday.Performancedeterioratedwitheachtest,butsubjectswhotooka30-minutenapbetweentestsstoppedthedeteriorationinperformance,andthosewhotooka60-minutenapevenreversedit.H)“Napshadthesamemagnitudeofbenefitsasfullnightsofsleepiftheyhadaqualityofnap.”saidSaraMednick,aco-authorofthestudyandassociateprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside.Dr.Mednick,asleepresearcherandtheauthorofTakeaNap!ChangeYourLife,saiddaytimenappingcanhavemanyofthebenefitsofovernightsleep,anddifferenttypesofnapsofferspecificbenefits.Forexample,Dr.Mednicksaida20-to60-minutenapmighthelpwithmemorizationandlearningspecificbitsofinformation.It'sjustlongenoughtoenterstage-twosleep,ornon-rapideyemovement(R.E.M.)sleep.After60minutes,youstartgettingintoR.E.M.sleep,mostoftenassociatedwiththatdeep,dreamingstateweallenjoyatnight.R.E.M.sleepcanimprovecreativity,perceptualprocessingandhighlyassociativethinking,whichallowsyoutomakeconnectionsbetweendisparateideas,Dr.Mednicksaid.Beyondthat,yourbestbetisa90-minutenap,whichwillgiveyouafullsleepcycle.Anynap,however,canhelpwithalertnessandperceptionandcutthroughthegeneralfogthatcreepsinduringtheday,expertssaid.Sohowdidweevenarriveatthispointwhereaptitudeisinextricablytied(紧密相连)toworkinglong,concentratedhours?Blametechnology,butthinkbroaderthansmartphonesandlaptops;therealissueisthattechhasenabledustobeavailableatalltimes.“Wewentthroughaperiodwherepeoplewereindenialandbusinessleadersweretools,moreemails,moreSlack,morechatter,andwe'lljustassumetheycanfigureouthowtodealwithitall.AndIthinkthey'vewokenuptothefactthatthisisabigproblem,anditisaffectingproductivity,engagement,health,safety,wellnessandallsortsofthings.”Itisn'tjustofficeworkerswhocanbenefitfromanafternoonsiestaA2015studypublishedinCurrentBiologylookedattheatthesleepinghabitsofthreehunter-gathererpreindustrialsocietiesinTanzania,NamibiaandBolivia.“They'reactiveinthemorning,thentheygetintheshadeunderthetreesandhaveasortofquiettime,butthey'renotgenerallynapping,”saidJeromeSiegel,professorofpsychiatryandbiobehavioralsciences,anddirectoroftheU.C.L.A.CenterforSleepResearch,aco-authorofthestudy.“Thentheydosomeworkandgotosleep,andtheysleepthroughthenight.”Still,Mr.Siegelsaid,“theonlygenuinewaytosolvedaytimesleepinessandfatiguestartsthenightbeforewithasolidnight'ssleep.”TherealHolyGrailofrestfulnessisaregularsleepschedulewithideallysevenoreighthoursofsleepeachnight,whichexpertssayisoptimal.“Daytimenappingcertainlydoesincreasealertness,”Mr.Siegelsaid.“Butit'snotassimpleasgoingtothegasstationandfillingthetank.”Healsoadvisesavoidingcaffeinelateinthedayandwakingaroundthesametimeeverymorning,evenifyoucan'tgettosleepatthesametimeeverynight,Thishelpsacclimateyourbodytoyourregularwake-uptime,regardlessofhowmuchsleepyougotthenightbefore.Soifyou'vemadeitthisfarandyou'reinterestedingivingworkdaynapsatry(orjuststartingtonodoff),here'saquickguidetotheperfectnap;Findaquiet,unoccupiedspacewhereyouwon'tbedisturbed.Trytomakeyourareaasdimaspossible(orinvestinasleepmaskyoucankeepintheoffice).Earplugsmighthelp.too.Aimforaround20minutesAnylongerthanthatandyou'relikelytowakeupwithsleepinertiawhichwillleaveyouevengroggierthanbefore.Participants'perceptualperformancebecamebetteraftersleepingonehourbetweentestsinanarticleinNatureNeuroscience.JeromeSiegelfoundthatonlybysleepingsoundlythroughthepreviousnightcouldpeopletackletheirwearinessduringtheday.Ourtalentiscloselyboundtoworkingwithconcentrationforlongperiodsoftimebecausetechnologymakesusaccessible24/7.Takinganapatworkisnormallyregardedaslazinessthatshouldbeheldincontemptandavoidedinworkplace.Between20to60minutes,peoplecangetintonon-REMsleepwhichmayimprovememoryandlearningabilityaccordingtoDr.Mednick.Peoplecandozeoffatlunchandcoffeebreaksanddefendedthemselvesbysayingtheirimprovedproductivityandalertnesswhenbossesinvestigatedtheirwhereabouts.Theauthor'stipsontakingaperfectnapinvolvesleepingplace,environmentandduration.Theauthorbelievesbusinessleadersareawarethatavailabilityatanytimeduetotechnologyhasnegativeeffectsoneveryaspectofpeople'slife.Theoptimallengthofanapwasanhourandahalfsothatpeoplecouldgothroughacompletesleepcycle.JoshBersinmentionedthecauseofcompanies'bigproductivityproblemsandthesolutionwhichneedsmorethatjustemployees'efforts.SectionCPassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Everyofficeworkerhatesmeetings.Butit'sastrangesortofhate,similartothehatredofLondonersfortheNorthernLine,orNewYorkersfortouristswhowalktooslowly:thedislikeisreal,yetifthedespisedthingweretovanish,it'dbelikesurrenderingapieceofyoursoul.Whenresearchersprobedintowhypeopleputupwiththestrainthatmeetingsplaceontheirtimeandsanity,theyfoundsomething-thosewhoresentanddreadmeetingsthemoatalsodefendthemasa“necessaryevil”,sometimeswithgreatpassion.True,researchsuggeststhatmeetingstakeupvastlymoreoftheaveragemanager'stimethantheyusedto.True,donebadly,they'reassociatedwithlowerlevelsofinnovationandemployeewellbeing(幸福).Butthat'sjustofficelife,right?It'snotsupposedtobefun.That'swhytheycallitwork.Underlying(引起)thisattitudeisanassumptionthat'sdrummedintousnotjustasworkersbutaschildren,parentsandromanticpartners;thatmorecommunicationisalwaysagoodthing.Sosuggestionsaboundfor(大量存在)communicatingbetterinmeetings-forexample,holdthemstandingup,sospeakerswillcometothepointmorequickly.Butevenwhensomecompaniesconsiderabolishingmeetingsentirely,theprinciplethatmorecommunicationisbetterisn'tquestioned.Ifanything,it'sreinforcedwhensuchfirmsintroduce“flat”managementstructures,withbossesalwaysavailabletoeveryone,plusplentyofelectronicdistraction.Infact,constantconnectivityisdisastrousforbothjobsatisfactionandthebottomline.Andanyway,onceyougiveitthreeseconds'thought,isn'titclearthatmorecommunicationfrequentlyisn'tagoodthing?Often,thedifferencebetweenasuccessfulmarriageandasecond-rateoneconsistsofleavingaboutthreeorfourthingsadayunsaid.Atwork,it'ssurelymanymorethanfour,thoughforadifferentreason;officecommunicationcomesatthecostofpreciselythekindoffocusthat'sessentialtogoodwork.Yetwe'resoaccustomedtoseeingtalkingasasourceofsolutions-forresolvingconflictsorfindingnewideas-thatit'shardtoseewhenitistheproblem.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutmeetings?LondonershatethemaswellastheNorthernLine.Theycanhelptokeepworkers'physicalandspiritualhealth.Workersmightbereluctanttogiveupthemcompletely.NewYorkersdislikemeetingsmorethanLondoners.Whatdidresearchersfindaboutpeople'sattitudetowardsmeeting?Theirattitudeandbehaviorareparadoxical.Peoplewhohatemeetingsthemostareseniorinsane.Thosewholikemeetingsmightbeconsideredinsane.Moremeetingsareregardedasasignoflessinnovation.Whydopeoplethinkthatmorecommunicationisalwaysagoodthing?Becausetheconceptisfirmlybelievedbyworkers.Becauseeveryonelovestocommunicatewithothers.Becausetheideahasbeeninstilledintopeople'smind.Becausecommunicationisvitalforbuildingrelationships.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthe“flat”managementstructure?Itforcesbossestofrequentlycontacttheiremployees.Ithelpstosoftenemployees'bottomlineofwork.Itisdefinitelyadisastertoemployees'jobsatisfaction.Itstrengthenspeople'sdeeply-rootednotionofcommunication.Whatistheauthor'sargumentaboutofficecommunication?Itisaneffectivewaytosolveofficeconflicts.Itaffectsworkefficiencyinanegativeway.Itshouldcometoahaltatintervals.Itisusefulforworkerstofindnewideas.PassageTwo Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheInternethasenabledthespreadofinformationatlightningspeed.Thisinformationrevolutionhascreatedtremendousbusinessopportunitiesforonlinepublishers,butnotallofthemmaintainproperquality-controlmechanismstoensurethatonlygoodinformationisbeingshared.Instead,manypublishersaimsimplytomakemoneybywhatevermeanspossible,withnoregardfortheimplicationsforsocietyatlarge.Whenselfishpublisherssetupshopsonline,theprimarygoalistopublishasmuchaspossible,oftenatthecostofquality.Inthisrespect,manypublishersstartnumerousonlinejournalsfocusedonoverlapping(重叠的)disciplinestoincreasetheirtotalnumberofpublishedpapers—andhireyoungbusinessmanagerswhodonothaveanyexperienceineitherscienceorpublishing.Insomecasesonlinepublishersevengiveuppeerreview,whilestillpresentingthemselvesasscientificjournals—deceptiondesignedtotakeadvantageofscientistswhosimplywanttosharetheirresearch.Ifpublishersstructuretheirbusinesstomakemorerevenue,itoftendoesharmtotheirproductsWhenpublishersstartjournalswithoverlappingdomainsincombinationwiththepressuretopublishmorestudies,thiscouldpromotethepublicationofmarginalorevenquestionablearticles.Moreover,publisherswithmultipleoverlappingjournalsandjournalswithverynarrowspecialties(专业)increasethedemandsonthetimeandeffortsofwillingreviewers.Withthefactthatreviewersaregenerallynotcompensatedfortheirtimeandeffort,journaleditorsareoftenunabletofindenoughreviewerstokeepupwiththeincreasedpublicationrate.Toimprovethesituationandincreasethetrustinscientificcommunity,thepressuretopublishmustbereduced.Fundingandpromot