考点16阅读理解之推理判断-2022年高考英语学霸纠错

考点16阅读理解之推理判断的高考实战

推理判断题考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思以及对作者的态度、意图

及文章细节的发展作正确推理判断的能力。要求考生在阅读过程中贯通表面和内涵的意思；

并把已知和未知的信息联系起来，以文章所提供的事实为依据，经过分析思考而形成一定的

观点。考生需尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上去领会作者的言外

之意，并作出正确的推断。

［典型题练习］

A

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定

电话是非必需品的观点。

（2021年全国高考乙卷英语试题）Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyare

morethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座机）?

Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn't

ownamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryone

canmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.

Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter

（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（调查）.OfthoseAustralianswho

stillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasa

securityblanket-19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseof

emergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.

MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageis

naturallyafactor（因素）一only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,

comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho'veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfbr50

years.Ageisn'ttheonlyfactor;I'dsayit'salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.

GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohavea

homephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobe

honesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepoint

whereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone（usingCallerID

wouldtakethefunoutofit）.

Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlamps

andmorningmilkdeliveries?

1.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?

A.Theirtargetusers.B.Theirwidepopularity.

C.Theirmajorfunctions.D.Theircomplexdesign.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede”inparagraph3mean?

A.Admit.Argue.

C.Remember.D.Remark.

3.WhatcanwesayaboutBabyBoomers?

A.Theylikesmartphonegames.B,Theyenjoyguessingcallers,identity.

C.Theykeepusinglandlinephones.D.Theyareattachedtotheirfamily.

4.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?

A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.

B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.

C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.

D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.

【答案】

1.B2.A3.C4.B

【分析】

主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaover

Iheageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheir

pocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.（现在你很难在澳大

利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个

人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话）”可推知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选

B项。

词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline（在那些仍然

有固定电话的澳大利亚人中）”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人;

根据下文"it'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket——19percentsay

theyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies（固定电话并不是必须

的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人

保留固定电话以防紧急情况）''可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固

定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要

性。由此推知，划线单词“concede”意为“承认:故选A项。

3.

推理判断题。根据文章第四段"84percentofBabyBoomerswho*veperhapshadthesamehome

numberfor50years.（婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码以及文

章第五段“Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBaby

Boomersparents（也就是说，老实说，唯一打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母）“可推

知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C项。

4.

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段"Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygo

thewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?（你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久

才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？户可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以

及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。

B

这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三

本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。

（2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标I））Returningtoabookyou'vereadmany

timescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There'sawelcomefamiliarity-butalsosometimesa

slightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon'tchange,

peopledo.Andthat'swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransfonnative.

Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresent

mentalregister.It'strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it'sall

aboutthepresent.It'saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisa

giveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.

TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspringis

EmestHemningway'sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.

Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating（令人陶醉的），anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitious

yetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard'sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble（随笔）about

everythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar^SaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,because

poetry.AndbecauseCortazar.

WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddto

themeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,

rereadinganauthor'sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksarethe

onesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it'syouthathastogrowandreadandreread

inordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.

5.Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?

A.Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.

B.It'sawindowtoawholenewworld.

C.Ifsasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.

D.Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.

6.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeasts

A.It'sabriefaccountofatrip.

B.It'saboutHemingway'slifeasayoungman.

C.Ifsarecordofahistoricevent.

D.It'saboutHemingway'sfriendsinParis.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword”currency"inparagraph4referto?

A.Debt

B.Reward.

C.Allowance.

D.Facevalue.

8.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?

A.Helovespoetry.

B.He'saneditor.

C.He'sveryambitious.

D.Heteachesreading.

【答案】

5.D

6.B

7.B

8.A

【分析】

5.

推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句"Butbooksdon'tchange,peopledo.Andthat^whatmakes

theactofrereadingsorichandtransformative」但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如

此丰富和富于变化之处）''和第二段"Thebeautyofrereadingliesinthatourbondwiththework

isbasedonourpresentregister.Itistrue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.（重新阅读

的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉

得时光飞逝。）”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D

项。

6.

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Publishedin1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.”及“an

agingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是

他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的

回顾。由此可判断出AMovableFeast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。

7.

词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary4虽然金钱确实

是美妙而必要的）”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，"rereadinganauthor's

workisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给

他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报故选B项。

8.

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar'sSaveTwilight:selectedpoems,

becausepoetry.（第三本书是胡里奥・科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城：诗歌精选》，因为诗歌户可知，

作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。

C

语篇出处：2019年全国卷II・B篇语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：志愿服

务

“Youcanusemeasalastresort（选择），andifnobodyelsevolunteers,then

Iwilldoit."ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestfor

volunteersformykids,lacrosse（长曲棍球）club.

Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxiety

aroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittle

persuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.Imentionthesingleparent

withfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskids

aren'tevenon...Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I'lldoit.”

PmsecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere'srealpowerinsharingvolunteer

responsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sends

outemails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,

thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachis

abletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookfor

anotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingas

watchingyourownkidscoreagoal.

Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoa

close.Thatreliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeep

comingbackformore:Connectingtothecommunity（社区）asyoufreelygiveyour

time,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.

Inthatsense,I'mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanFdfreely

liketoadmit.However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,

doesitreallymatterwheremymotivationlies?

1.WhatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinParagraph1?

A.Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.

B.Sheisn*tgoodatsports.

C.Shejustdoesn'twanttovolunteer.

D.She'sunabletomeetherschedule.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings^^inParagraph2

mean?

A.Encourageteamwork.B.Appealtofeelings.

C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.

3.WhatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromParagraph3?

A.Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse.

B.Sheisproudofherkids.

C.She'llworkforanotherseason.

D.Shebecomesagoodhelper.

4.Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork?

A.Itgivesherasenseofduty.

B.Itmakesherveryhappy.

C.Itenableshertoworkhard.

D.Itbringshermaterialrewards.

［应对策略］

一、读题，理解大意

二、看题干，合理，巧妙进行推断

题1：题干中关键词是“herreplyinParagraph1”,由文章第一句"Youcanuse

measalastresort（选择）,andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.“可知，家

长让把她当作最后的选择，如果没有其他人当志愿者，那么她就去。由此可推断

出这位家长不想去当志愿者。选C。

三、仔细检验，推敲答案

题2：第一段提到一个家长不愿意去当志愿者。由画线处所在句的上一句

“Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.“可知这位家长需要被劝说。下文作者提到有

四个孩子的单亲妈妈主持了这个节目，一位孩子不在此队的父亲担任长曲棍球队

的教练……由此可知，作者是为了以情动人。选B。

四，再次读原文，寻找细节支持

题3：题干中关键词是“abouttheparentfromParagraph3”,由第三段中的

"Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablemember

oftheteam,“这一细节可知，这位家长成了一个好帮手。选D。

题4：题干中关键词为"Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork?”。

文章中提到“Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.”,与B项中信息相匹配。选B。

［技巧指导］

一、推断细节类——“揣摩推敲”法

学生海选错题

典例片段（2021•湖南师大附中模考）Whenearlyautomobilesfirstarrivedon

thesceneinthelate19thcentury,fewpeoplecouldhaveimaginedthattheywould

onedaytakeovertheworld.Infact,sometownsoftheUnitedStatesfoundthenoise

andexhaustfromthesenovel"horselesscarriages“sodisgustingthatearlycarswere

actuallyforbiddenthere.

Sowhatislifelikeinplacewhereoneofthemostpowerfulinventionsinhistory

hasbeenbanned?Well,it'squitenice,actuallyTheyalsosaveahugeamountof

moneythatwouldnormallygotocommuting（往来）bycars.

Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A.Earlycarswerefirstshownonthestage.

B.Cars*popularitywasexpectedatfirst.

C.Carsweredescribedinanovelasdisgusting.

D.Earlycarswereknownascarriageswithouthorses.

【错因分析】

学生忽略infer,suggest,imply等词汇对答题方向的暗示，没有留意文中的关

键词"earlyautomobilesfirstarrived""novel4horselesscarriages'"和"early

cars“。等等。

【学霸纠错】

第一步题干定位：

题干中的关键词是infer,是推断细节题。

第二步锁定信息：

首段信息“earlyautomobilesfirstarrived""novel4horselesscarriages*”和

"earlycars”。

第三步分析对比：

最早的汽车被看作没有马的四轮车。与选项D中信息匹配，故选D。

考法2推断观点态度类——“褒贬措辞”法

【秒杀技巧】

推理判断题是历年来高考阅读理解题型中难度较大的类型，并且占有相当大的比重。这

类题主要要求考生能根据文章的字面意思，通过对语篇逻辑关系的判断，推断出作者的真实

意图、态度，推敲出文章的来源、寓意等。也就是从已知的事情中推测未知的事情；从表面

信息推测出隐含信息；从已知信息推测出必然性结论等。所以推理判断类题目尽管不能在文

章中直接找到答案，但考生可以在文章中找到可供推断的依据。在进行推断时，要据文推理,

合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。

I

学霸丢分错题

典例片段（2020-青岛模考）DuringAmsterdam'schaoticrushhour,

nine-year-oldLottaCrokcyclestoaverybusyjunction....

Lottaisthefirstjuniorcyclemayorintheworld

ButchildrenwhocycleinAmsterdamfacechallenges,...

LottabecamejuniorcyclemayorinJunelastyearwhenshewonacontest...

SinceLottawasappointedjuniorcyclemayor,

Sheisnowplanningameetingwiththecity'smayortodiscussideas

FollowingthesuccessoftheAmsterdamscheme,cyclemayorsaroundthe

worldarenowplanningtoappointjuniorcolleagues."Theyseeitworksreally

well,"Boerma,theseniormajor,says."Italktotheparents,Lottatalkstothe

children.Andifyoulookatthecitythroughtheeyesofachild,youwillalsomakeit

accessibleforothers.Acitythat'sgoodforaneight-year-oldisalsogoodfbran

88-year-old.

What'sBoerma*sattitudetothejuniorcyclemayor?

A.Cautious.B.Favorable.

C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.

【错因分析】

学生对关键词认识不足，选项中的词汇不敏感，造成关键信息错误。

【学霸纠错】

第一步题干定位：

题干中的关键词是Boerma,可以定位到最后一段引号里的内容。

第二步锁定信息：

文中信息是“worksreallywell"和"Acity...isalsogood…”。显然是赞同的。

第三步对比选项：

Cautious"谨慎的"；Favorable"赞成的"；Ambiguous”模糊的"；

Disapproving"不赞成的"。故选B。

【秒杀技巧】

一、推理判断题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude等字眼，常见的设问方式

主要有：

1.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.

2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

3.Theauthorsuggestsinthisparagraphthat.

4.Thewriterimpliesthat.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

6.Fromthetextwecanconcludethat.

7.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

8.Theauthorisinclinedtothinkthat.

9.Whenthewritertalksabout...,whathereallymeansisthat.

三、推断写作意图类——“意图推断”法

“-

;学生海选错题I

典例片段(2019•上海嘉定模考)Thisstrangelittleboy-man,neverseparated

fromatindrumheisalwaysbanging,isourheroofthetable...

ThisisanoverviewofthestoryofTheTinDrum,themostfamousworkbythe

GermanNobel-winningauthorGunterGrass,whopassedawayonApril13attheage

of87.TheTinDrumalsoestablishedGrassasoneoftheleadingauthorsof

Germany...Hewascalled“Germany'sconscience”,becauseheremindedGermans

ofapastduringtheSecondWorldWar(1933一1945)thatmanywouldhaverather

forgotten.

Thissometimesmadehimunpopular...

Grasswasamanofthepenandthepageandalsoamanwithagiftforspeaking

tothepublic.

Hiswritingwasnoisyandannoying,butonehadtolistentoit,alittlelikethe

soundofthedrumbangedbyhismostfamousliterarycreation.

Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthearticle?

A.lbanalyzewhathasmadeTheTinDrumsopopularinGermany.

B.TointroducethereaderstoGunterGrassandhismostfamouswork.

C.TopresentthehistoryofGermanythroughthepenandpageofGrass.

D.TogivesomebackgroundinformationaboutGrass'searlylifeasawriter.

【错因分析】

没有注意到文章第一段和其余隔断的主旨含义。形成误解和偏差。

【学霸纠错】

第一步主旨大意：

开篇提到一个敲鼓的小男孩GunterGrass»

第二步锁定信息：

第二段提到GunterGrass的成名作和作品风格；第三段提到他并不受人欢

迎；最后一段总结他的写作手法就像敲鼓发出的声音一样。

第三步分析对比：

该文章属于人物传记类，描述的是GlinterGrass和他的作品。与选项B中信

息一致，故选B。

【秒杀技巧】

二、推理判断题正确选项与干扰项的特征

正确选项特征

1.“立足原文，只推一步”。即根据原文内容，进行简单的推测即可

2.选项中一般不会出现表示绝对化的词，如never,all,only,absolutely,

completely等，正确答案的表述一般较为“笼统”，即会用一些相对留下余地的词汇，如

possibly,often,some,may/might,usually,sometimes,can/could等

3.内容表述上比较“概括性、一般化”，相比细节理解题的正确答案，它更具有总结性的

特点

干扰项特征

1.主观臆断：根本没有基于文章进行推断，完全文不对题或者与文章内容表述毫无联系

2.过度推断：有时作者只是客观叙述事实，并未做出评论，而一些选项则进行主观臆测

3.错误推断：某些细节看似在原文中出现过，但与原文内容不符，断章取义，因果倒置等

4.以细节代替推断：只是原文的简单重复，而非推断出的结论

四、文章出处题——“对号入座”法

।，，

\学霸丢分错题।

一一二、r---

典例片段（2018•全国卷H,B篇）ManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonth

whennature'sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.Thesecolourfulandsweet

jewelsfromBritishColumbia'sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.

Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,because

oftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein（蛋白质），ironandzinc（not

thatfruitshavemuchprotein）.Bluebemesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants（抗氧

化物质）・Theyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthe

carotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries（樱桃）,

theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.

Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A.Abiologytextbook.

B.Ahealthmagazine.

C.Aresearchpaper.

D.Atravelbrochure.

【错因分析】

没有对文章中关键词全面理解。

【学霸纠错】

第一步首段描述：

这些来自不列颠哥伦比亚省土地上的色彩鲜艳的甜甜的宝贝就是营养保护

的小集团。

第二步锁定信息：

关键词：草莓、蓝莓、樱桃，维生素、蛋白质、抗氧化物质。

第三步分析推断：

应该是来自于健康和营养相关的书，即健康杂志，故选B。

【秒杀技巧】

三、推理判断题的解题技巧

1.理解通篇大意，把握写作意图

做推理判断题时，考生应对整篇文章有完整、准确的理解，从总体上把握文章的主题,

善于抓住文中的关键词或关键句子。对文章的引申含义进行分析，整合与题目相关的信息,

综合起来去把握写作意图

2.关注特定措辞，推断作者态度

作者的态度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定，对记叙或描写的

人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨、反对、批评、怀疑、悲观、客观、中

立。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。

因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。，确定

最佳结论。

3.利用语境褒贬，进行逻辑推断

几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了故事人物的特定心理、情绪

状态及作者的写作意图。因此，考生阅读文章时一定要找出反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或

句子，掌握文章主旨大意，了解人物的心理特点及发展变化，从而正确地进行逻辑推断。

4.抓住有效信息，逆向或正向推理

逆向推理的推理方式和正向推理相反，它是由结论出发，去验证结论的正确性并寻找论

据。做此类命题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理和判

断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。

5.结合已知常识，进行逻辑推理

阅读理解命题通常源于材料，略高于材料，但一般不会离开所给材料。但有时，命题者

会巧妙地把人们所知的常识融入命题。如果考生忽略了常识或不知道这一常识，这样的命题

就很难处理。

6.根据文章体裁和内容推断文章出处

判断文章出处的题目应从文章的体裁和内容来着手.一般来说，报纸上的新闻前面会出

现日期、地点或通讯社名称等；广告类文章因其格式特殊，容易辨认；产品说明类文章，如

器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式：药品有服用时间、次数、药量等；来自网

络的文章一般比较新颖、时效性强。

［实战应用］

（2020.郑州一中模考）语篇类型：说明文主题语境：自然灾害

Thereisalwayssomethingthathappensintheworldthateveryonefearswill

happentotheirtown,cityorcountry:naturaldisasters.Thescariestpartofitisthatno

onewilleverseeitcoming.Thoughtechnologyhelpsusprepare,butitneveractually

tellsthepeoplewhenit'sgoingtohit.Itisalwaysestimatedbuttheresultisnever

100%accurate.

However,thatisnotthepointofthisarticle.Twodifferentnaturaldisastersin

twodifferentpartsoftheworldhavehappenedinthepastfewweeks.Onewasa

majorfloodthathashitLouisianaintheUnitedStates.Theotherwasanearthquake

thathitAmatrice,Italy.However,thereisamajordifferenceinthenewscoverageof

thetwotragedies.

AsforthefloodinginLouisiana,itisreportedthatthisdisasteristheworsttohit

theUnitedStatessinceSuper-stormSandyandit'llcostatleast$30million.Inonly

thefirstcoupleofweeks,13peoplehaddied.However,likeme,manypeopledidnot

hearaboutthistragicevent.Ididnotlearnaboutituntilaboutthreeweeksafterit

happened.

InItaly,however,itcoveredallmediainstantly.TheearthquakeinItaly

happenedonTuesdaymorning.Thatsameday,IwasonTwitterandthatwasallthat

wasoverthenewsfeed.Everyotherpostwasabouttheearthquake.Somewouldhave

theopinionthatAmatrice,Italywasoneofthemostbeautifultownsinthatcountry.I

gotindeepsorrowbecausethereweremorepeoplekilledinthisquakethanthe

flooding.Sofar,theyhaveatotalof73deadandoveronehundredmissing.

IunderstandthattechnicallytheearthquakeinItalywasworsethanthefloodsin

Louisiana.However,Ibelievethatifanaturaldisasterhappens,theyallshouldbe

equallycoveredandtakenequallyseriously.Weareoneworldunitedandshouldbe

thereforallofthepeoplewhoareinneedofhelp.Wemaynotbeabletoaccurately

predictdisastersbut,wecansurelylendahandoutfortheneedy.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了两个不同的地方发生的不同自然

灾害，但是对其报道却是不同的。作者认为自然灾害无大小，应该让人们及时知

晓，这样人们就可以向受害者伸出援助之手。

1.Whatreallyconcernstheauthoraboutthetwonaturaldisasters?

A.Thedeathandtheinjured.

B.Themediareport.

C.Thegovernment'sresponsibility.

D.Theireconomicloss.

答案：B推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句中的“thereisamajordifference

inthenewscoverageofthetwotragedies”可知，对于这两个自然灾害，作者关注的

是媒体的报道。

2.Whydidtheauthorlearnaboutthefloodsolate?

A.Hedidn'tcareabouttheflood.

B.Hefeltnervousaboutthenews.

C.Themediadidn'tcoveritintime.

D.Thefloodfrightenedtheauthoralot.

答案：C细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句"Ididnotlearnaboutituntil

aboutthreeweeksafterithappened."可知，作者很晚才知道洪水的事情是因为媒体

报道得晚。

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Italyisn'tgoodatpredictingthenaturaldisasters.

B.A11naturaldisastersshouldbecoveredequally.

C.Theworldshouldbeunitedintooneinstantly.

D.AmericashouldhelpItalypredictnaturaldisasters.

答案：B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Iunderstandthattechnicallythe

earthquakeinItalywasworsethanthefloodsinLouisiana.However,Ibelievethatif

anaturaldisasterhappens,theyallshouldbeequallycoveredandtakenequally

seriously."可知，所有的自然灾害都需要被平等地报道。

4.Howisthetextmainlydeveloped?

A.Bymakingacomparison.

B.Byfollowingthetimeorder.

C.Bylistingsomeexamples.

D.Byanalyzingthecauses.

答案：A推理判断题。本文通过讲述了两个地方发生的不同自然灾害来比

对说明对自然灾害的报道有所偏差。

词汇积累

disastern.灾难tragedy几悲居accuratelyadv.精确地

难句分析

最后一段第二句：However,Ibelievethatifanaturaldisasterhappens,theyall

shouldbeequallycoveredandtakenequallyseriously.

译文：然而，我相信如果自然灾害发生的话，它们都应该被平等地报道并

且受到同等关注。

分析：这是一个主从复合句。that引导宾语从句，作动词believe的宾语。

宾语从句中含有一个if引导的条件状语从句。

(1)

Therobotsarecoming!

Alltheeffortsyouputintostudyingatuniversitymaynothavebeen

enough—becauserobotscouldbecomingfbryourjob.Anewstudyfindsthatas

manyas800millionworkerscouldbereplacedbyrobotsby2030.

ThestudyfromtheMcKinseyGlobalInstituteestimatesthatubetween400

millionand800millionindividualscouldbereplacedbyautomation(自动化)or

robotsandneedtofindnewjobsby2030aroundtheworldn.Itestimatesthat30

percentofthehourspeoplespendonworkinggloballycouldhavebeenautomatedby

thattime.

Thosemostaffectedwillbepeoplewhoworkin"predictableenvironments”

doingtaskssuchasoperatingmachinesandpreparingfastfood.Thosewhomakea

livingcollectingandprocessingdataalsofaceahighriskofbeingreplacedbyrobots.

Butpeoplewhoworkinlesspredictableenvironmentssuchasgardeners,plumbers,

andchildcarestafffaceasmallerrisk,becausetheirroles“aretechnicallydifficultto

beautomatedandoftencommandrelativelylowerwages,whichmakesautomationa

lessattractivebusinessproposition”.

However,it*snotalldoom（厄运）forthefutureofemployment.Thestudynotes

thatautomationsometimesallowsworkerstoremainemployedinadifferentposition.

“Evenwhensometasksareautomated,theemploymentrateinthose

occupationsmaynotdeclinebecauseworkersmayperformnewtasks,“McKinsey

&Companywroteinareleaseonitswebsite.

ItnotedthatChinahasthelargestnumberofemployeeswhowouldneedto

switchoccupations,upto100millionifautomationwasadoptedrapidly,or12

percentofthe2030workforce.Thenumbersarehigherinmoreadvancedeconomies,

withuptoone-thirdofthe2030workforceinAmericaandGermanyneedingto

switchoccupations,alongwithnearlyhalfofthe2030workforceinJapan.Countries

whichfailtoprepareworkersfortransitiontonewjobswillfeeltheimpactofarisein

unemploymentanddepressedwages,accordingtothestudy.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。研究报告预计，到2030年全球将有高达8

亿人的工作被机器人和自动化操作取代。

l.Whywilllotsofpeopleneedtofindnewjobsby2030aroundtheworld?

A.Theydon'tputeffortsintotheirstudyatuniversity.

B.Theworld*sworkingpopulationisonthesteadyincrease.

C.Theywillbepaidlesswiththedevelopmentoftechnology.

D.Robotsorautomationwilltaketheplaceoftheirpositions.

答案：D细节理解题。由第一段和第二段的内容可知，很多工人需要重新

找工作是因为预计到2030年他们将被机器人或自动化操作所取代。

2.Whichofthefollowingjobswillbetheleastlikelytobereplacedbyrobots?

A.Machineoperation.B.Fastfoodcooking.

C.Childcareinkindergarten.D.Datacollection.

答案：C细节理解题。由第三段的第三句并结合选项可知，幼儿园的儿童

保育工作人员被机器人取代的可能性最小。

3.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardsthefutureemployment?

A.Optimistic.

B.Pessimistic.

C.Unconcernedandindifferent.

D.Havingnopersonalpreference.

答案：D推理判断题。文章前两段提到研究预测大量的工人会被机器人或

自动化设备取代；第四段的首句提到对未来的就业来说，这并不一定是厄运；接

下来又提到人们可以从事其他工作。从而可以看出作者对未来的就业形势态度客

观，没有个人偏好。

4.Whichsectiondoesthearticlebel