高考英语复习专题三阅读理解第三节题组训练3环境保护市赛课公开课一等奖省名师获奖课件

题组3环境保护专题三阅读了解第三节题组训练1/36A(·河西区二模)Airpollutionisgettingmoreandmoreseriousinmanyplacesaroundtheworld.Thefactthatpublicparksincitiesbecomecrowdedprovesthatpeoplelongtobreatheingreen，openspaces.And，inthesesurroundings，theyaregenerallybothpeacefulandpeaceable.Itisraretoseepeoplebeingatoddsorevenfightinginagarden.Itseemstobeprovedthatifhumanbeingscanfreelybreatheandshareair，thereisnoprimaryreasonforthemtostrugglewithoneanother.Butdoweonlysensewhatlifecouldbewhenweenjoygreenspaces?2/36Theplantworldsilentlyshowsuswhatareflectionoflifetruthfullyis.Italsohelpsustoanewbeginning，urgingustocareforourbreath.Wemust，inturn，careforit，opposinganysortofpollutionthatdestroysbothourworldandthatofplants.Theinterdependencetowhichwemustpaytheclosestattentioniswhatexistsbetweenourselvesandtheplantworld.Oftendescribedas“thelungsoftheplanet”，thewoodsthatcovertheearthofferusthegiftofbreathableairbyreleasingoxygen.Buttheircapacitytorenewtheairpollutedbyindustryhaslongreacheditslimit.Ifwecontinuetopollutetheairbyfillingitwithchemicalsanddestroytheabilityofplantstorestoreitwewillsoonpullourworldintoanunavoidabledisaster.3/36Humansmustlearntosharelife，bothwitheachotherandwithplants.Thistaskcanbecarriedoutonlywheneachtakesituponher-orhimselfandonlywhenallworktogether.Thelessontaughtbyplantsisthathumanlifecanonlyexistwithnature.Wemustcometoviewtheair，theplantsandourselvesasthecontributorstotheprotectionoflifeandgrowth，ratherthanproductiveobjectswecanuseandthrowawayfreely.Perhapsthenwewouldfinallybegintolive，ratherthanmerelysurvive.语篇解读本文主要讲了为了保护地球，我们应共同努力，友好地与植物世界共享生活。4/361.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“beingatodds”mean?A.Relaxing. B.Exercising.C.Hurrying. D.Conflicting.解析词义猜测题。依据上一句中“...theyaregenerallybothpeacefulandpeaceable.”可知，他们是和平，所以极少看到有些人争吵或打架等，所以猜测“beingatodds”意思为“起冲突”，故选D。√答案解析231455/362.Accordingtothefirstparagraph，whatdoestheauthorsupposemightbetheprimaryreasonthatpeoplewouldstrugglewitheachother?A.Togettheirshareofcleanair.B.Topursueacomfortablelife.C.Togainahighersocialstatus.D.Toseekeconomicbenefits.解析细节了解题。依据第一段最终一句“Itseemstobeprovedthatifhumanbeingscanfreelybreatheandshareair，thereisnoprimaryreasonforthemtostrugglewithoneanother.”可知，假如人们能自由地呼吸到新鲜空气，就没理由跟他人争斗，故选A。√答案解析231456/36解析细节了解题。依据第三段第四句“Theinterdependencetowhichwemustpaytheclosestattentioniswhatexistsbetweenourselvesandtheplantworld.”可知，作者最想让我们关注是我们和植物世界关系，故选B。3.Whatdoestheauthortrytodrawourclosestattentionto?A.Themassiveburningoffossilfuels.B.Ourrelationshiptotheplantworld.C.Thecapacityofplantstorenewpollutedair.D.Large-scaledeforestationacrosstheworld.√答案解析231457/364.Howcanhumanbeingsachievethegoalofprotectingtheplanet，accordingtotheauthor?A.Byshowingrespectforplants. B.Bypreservingallformsoflife.C.Byconsumingallnaturalresources. D.Byallmakingtheireffortstogether.解析细节了解题。依据最终一段第二句“Thistaskcanbecarriedoutonlywheneachtakesituponher-orhimselfandonlywhenallworktogether.”可知，人类想实现保护星球这个目标就要团结一致共同努力，故选D。√答案解析231458/365.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestwedoinordernottojustsurvive，butlivebetter?A.Expandtherangeofliving. B.Developnature’spotentials.C.Sharelifewithnature. D.Explorenewresources.解析细节了解题。依据最终一段内容尤其是其第一句“Humansmustlearntosharelife，bothwitheachotherandwithplants.”可知，为了活得更加好，我们应与自然分享生活。故选C。√答案解析231459/36B(·南开区二模)Thetemperatureissharplyrisingwitheachpassingday.People，includingmanyexperts，finditdifficulttoslowdowntheprocess.However，leavingcoalandmajorfossilfuelsinthegroundcouldhelptolimitclimatechangeinthefuture，accordingtoanewstudy.Thatistosay，athirdofoilreservesontheearth，halfofgasreservesandover80percentofcurrentcoalreservesshouldnotbeusedbeforetheyear2050.Ifwearetopreventglobaltemperaturesfromrisingabove2degreesCelsiusinthenearfuture，weoughttocarryout10/36somemeasurestoseverely

controltheemissionsfromfactories，vehiclesandevenourdaily-lifecooking.However，itisagoalthatseemstobeimpossibleinoureyes.“Policymakersindifferentcountriesmustrealizethattheirattempttocompletelyusethefossilfuelswithintheircountriesiswhollyincompatible(矛盾)withtheirhopetoreachthe2-degreegoal，”DrChristopheMcGladeatUniversityCollegeLondon’sEnergyInstitutesaidinastatement.“Iftheygoaheadwithdevelopingtheirownresources，”headded，“theymustbeaskedwhichreserveselsewhereshouldremainunburnedinorderforthecarbonbudgetnottogobeyondthelimit.”11/36It’snotsurprisingtoseehowtappingintotheseunusedreserveswouldbeattractive.Energy-relatedindustryisabigbusinessallovertheworld.TherearemanycoalreservesinChina，RussiaandtheUnitedStates，alongwithover260thousandmillionbarrelsofoilreservesintheMiddleEast.NottomentionthatoiliscurrentlybeingdevelopedintheArctic.Companiesspentover670billionlastyearintheexpansionoffossilfuels，butaccordingtothenewmodelusedinthislateststudy，developersmayneedtorethinktheirplanstodeveloptheseundergroundresourcessoastomakesomecontributionstocontroltheworldtemperaturefromrisinghighinthefuture.12/36

“We’venowgotpracticalfiguresofthequantitiesandlocationsoffossilfuelsthatshouldremainunusedintryingtokeepwithinthe2-degreetemperaturelimit，”addedMcGlade.Worldleadersandpolicymakersshouldtaketheadvicetoheart，becausearecentIPCCreportwarnedthatifimmediateandgreatactionsarenottakensoon，climatechangewillcauseirreversible(不可逆转)impactsonenvironmentsworldwide，leavingtheworldanunsafeplaceforustolivein.语篇解读本文为议论文。叙述了全球气候改变与化石燃料关系。13/36解析细节了解题。由首段中“Ifwearetopreventglobaltemperaturesfromrisingabove2degreesCelsiusinthenearfuture，weoughtto...”及“However，itisagoalthat...”可知答案为D。6.AccordingtoParagraph1，ourgoalisto

.A.discovermorefossilfuelsforthefuturegenerationB.slowdowntheclimatechangeC.refusetousereservesontheearthD.keepthetemperaturerisebelow2degreesCelsius√答案解析78691014/367.Theunderlinedword“emissions”inParagraph1refersto“

”.A.thingsthataresentoutintotheairB.productsthataremadefromfossilfuelsC.factorsthatcausetheclimatechangeD.changesthathappenaftertemperaturerise解析词义猜测题。由前后语境可推知，画线词指是“排放到空气中物质”，故选A。√答案解析78691015/36解析推理判断题。通读第二段可推断出答案为B。8.AccordingtowhatMcGladesaidinParagraph2，allcountriesshould

.A.makefulluseoftheirfossilfuelsB.worktogethertowardsthe2-degreegoalC.findbetterwaystodigoutthecoalD.increasetheglobalcarbonbudget√答案解析78691016/369.WecaninferfromParagraph3thatgreateffortshavebeenmadein

.A.diggingouttheoilintheMiddleEast B.gettingpeopletorethinktheirfuelplansC.developingfossilfuelsaroundtheworld D.developingenergy-relatedindustryworldwide解析推理判断题。由第三段中“tappingintotheseunusedreserves”，“intheexpansionoffossilfuels”及“developersmayneedtorethinktheirplanstodeveloptheseundergroundresources”可推断出答案为C。√答案解析78691017/3610.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureoftemperaturecontrol?A.Confident. B.Negative.C.Satisfied. D.Unclear.解析观点态度题。由第一段首句和尾句及最终一段尾句可推测出作者对未来大气温度控制持消极态度。√答案解析78691018/36C(·天津一中3月考)Styrofoam，orpolystyrene，isalight-weightmaterial，about95percentair，withverygoodinsulation(隔热)properties，accordingtoEarthsourceorg.Itisusedinproductsfromcupsthatkeepyourdrinkshotorcoldtopackagingmaterialthatprotectsitemsduringshipping.Withtheabovegoodfeatures，Styrofoamstillenjoysabadreputation.Itcannotberecycledwithoutreleasingdangerouspollutionintotheair.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencysaysitisthefifth-largestcreatorofharmfulwaste.19/36Butnowthecommonwormswhichareusuallydisgustingcancometotherescue，specifically，mealworms.ScientistsfromtheU.S.andChinahavediscoveredthatmealwormscandigestplastic.Onemealwormcandigestapill-sizedamountofplasticaday.Studyco-authorWei-MinWusaysthatin24hours，theplasticisturnedintocarbondioxide.SinceStyrofoamhasnonutritionatall，arethewormshurtbyeatingplastic?Muchtothescientists’surprise，thestudyfoundthatwormseatingStyrofoamwereashealthyaswormseatingbran(谷糠).20/36Theresearcherswillstudytheworm’seatinghabitsanddigestingsystem，lookingtocopytheplasticbreakdownbutonalargerscale.Oncethewaycanbeputintopractice，itwillmakearevolutionarydifferencetothedisposalofplastic.“Solvingtheissueofplasticpollutionisimportant，”saysWu，aStanfordUniversityenvironmentalengineeringinstructor.Afterall，ourearthissmallandlandfillspaceisbecominglimitedwithtoomuchgarbagewaitingtobedealtwith，hesays.21/36About33milliontonsofplasticarethrownawayintheUnitedStateseveryyear.Plasticplates，cupsandcontainerstakeup25percentto30percentofspaceinAmerica’slandfills.OneStyrofoamcuptakesmorethan1millionyearstorecycleinalandfill，accordingtoClevelandStateUniversity.语篇解读文章介绍了一个能够消化分解塑料黄粉虫幼虫，研究者期待着模仿它们分解和消化方式从而处理回收利用塑料对环境造成污染问题。22/36解析细节了解题。第二段第二句“Itcannotberecycledwithoutreleasingdangerouspollutionintotheair.”为双重否定，表示是必定意思，即“它被回收时会向空气中释放危险污染物”，故选C。11.WhatdoweknowaboutStyrofoam?A.Itcanbeusedtocooldrinks.B.Itisaweightlessmaterial.C.Itisharmfulwhenrecycled.D.Itisusuallyusedonships.√答案解析121311141523/3612.Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?A.Mealwormshaveamazingdigestingpower.B.Mealwormsarenotbadintheirnature.C.Mealwormscanrescuepeople’slives.D.Peoplemisunderstoodmealwormsinthepast.解析推理判断题。依据第三段中“ScientistsfromtheU.S.andChinahavediscoveredthatmealwormscandigestplastic.Onemealwormcandigestapill-sizedamountofplasticaday.”可知，黄粉虫幼虫有令人惊奇消化能力，故选A。√答案解析121311141524/36解析推理判断题。依据第五段中“lookingtocopytheplasticbreakdownbutonalargerscale(期望模仿塑料分解不过在更大规模上)”推断研究者是为了模仿这些虫子分解塑料方式，故选B。13.Whywillresearchersstudytheworm’seatinghabitsanddigestingsystem?A.Tofindwaystohelpmealwormsgrowlarger.B.Toimitatetheirwaysofbreakingdownplastic.C.Tohelpdeveloptheirdigestingability.D.Tomakesureoftheirsafetyaftereatingplastic.√答案解析121311141525/36解析推理判断题。文章介绍了一个能够消化分解塑料黄粉虫幼虫，研究者期待着模仿它们分解和消化方式从而处理回收利用塑料对环境造成污染问题，故推断一旦模仿成功，塑料回收利用就不会危害环境，故选D。14.Inthefuture，plasticmayberecycled

.A.byraisingamountsofmealworms B.byenvironmentalengineeringinstructorsC.usingamethodinspiredbyeatingmealwormsD.withoutsendingoutdangerouspollution√答案解析121311141526/3615.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Styrofoamiswidelyusedindailylife.B.Mealwormsaregeniusateatingplastic.C.Plasticrecyclingmaybenomoreaproblem.D.Plasticcanbeturnedintocarbondioxide.解析主旨大意题。文章中作者首先提出了问题——塑料回收利用对环境造成污染；其次介绍了一个能消化分解塑料虫子，并说明研究者期望经过了解和模仿从而最终处理塑料回收利用对环境造成污染问题；故说明可能塑料回收利用不再是问题，故选C。√答案解析121311141527/36D(·河东区二模)InthedryNamibDesertonthewestcoastofAfrica，onetypeofbeetlehasfoundaspecialwayofsurviving.Whenthemorningfogarrives，theNamibBeetlecollectswaterdropsonitsbumpy(起伏不平)back，thenletsthewaterrolldownintoitsmouth，allowingittodrinkinanareawithoutflowingwater.28/36ShreerangChhatrewantstousewhatnaturehasdevelopedtohelptheworld’spoor.ChhatreisanengineeratMITwhoworksonfogharvesting，thedevicesthat，likethebeetle，attractwaterdrops.Thisway，poorvillagerscouldcollectcleanwaterneartheirhomes，insteadofspendinghourscarryingwaterfromdistantwellsofrivers.Accesstowaterisapressingglobalissue.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganizationandUNICEF，nearly900millionpeopleworldwidelivewithoutsafedrinkingwater.Theburdenoffindingandtransportingwaterfallsheavilyonwomenandchildren.“Asamiddle-classperson，Ithinkit’sterriblethatthepoorhavetospendhoursadaywalkingjusttoobtainabasicnecessity，”Chhatresays.29/36Afog-harvestingdeviceconsistsofafence-likemeshpanel(网状面板)，whichattractsdrops，connectedtocontainersintowhichwaterfalls.Chhatrehasimprovedthematerialsusedinthesedevices.HeiscontinuinghisworkatMITSloanandtheLegatumCenterinordertodevelopaworkablebusinessplanforapplyingfog-harvestingdevices.Interestinfogharvestingdatesbacktothe1990s，andhasincreasedsincenewresearchontheNamibBeetlebecamefamousin.Afewtechnologistssawpotentialintheconceptforpeople.OneCanadiancharitableorganization，FogQuest，hastestedprojectsinChileandGuatemala.30/36Butfogharvestingremainsinitsinfancy，technologicallyandcommercially，asChhatrereadilyrecognizes.“Itstillfacessomeopenproblems，”hesays.“Butit’sworkinprogress.”Afterall，thewaterthatfillsourriversandlakescomesfromair.语篇解读文章介绍了科学家新研究出来雾搜集装置，它能在空气中搜集水，所以对一些缺水地域是很有用。31/36解析推理判断题。依据第四段中“...inordertodevelopaworkablebusinessplanforapplyingfog-harvestingdevices.”及最终一段中“‘Itstillfacessomeopenproblems，’hesays.‘Butit’saworkinprogress.’”可知，ShreerangChhatre正努力尝试让雾搜集装置被使用，故选D