2024届高考英语 二轮复习 阅读理解 模拟练习（有答案解析）

Passage1AsIlayhereinmyhard,uncomfortablehospitalbed,allIcouldthinkaboutwashowbadlyIwantedtoleavethisplace.Ithadbeenfourdaysofdoctorsgivingbadnews,medicineinjections,procedures,MRIsandrestlessnights.IhadbeenabletoeatonemealadayduetothesurgeriesIwasscheduledforlater.Iaskedmymumtobringmemycarkeysandonmykeychaintherewasasoftpieceofleathermadefrommyfirstbaseballglove.Shelookedworriedandsad,handingthekeychaintome.Inthefibresoftheleatherweresomanymemoriesthathadtransformedmeasaperson.Igrabbedmykeysandtouchedasmoothpieceofleather.Itwasanicecoffeebrownandabout3inchesinlength.EverytimeItouchedit,Iwouldthinkofonething—baseball.ThekeychainwasmadefrommyfirstbaseballglovethatIcherishedsomuch.ItcarriedgreatmomentslikechampionshipsaswellasmomentswhenIstruckoutandlost.Allofasudden,mynursewalkedinandIjumpedwhenIheardhervoice.Shedidn’tmeantointerrupt,butIneededmoremedicine.Oncesheleft,Ifocusedbackandgraspedthecowhide.Irubbedmyfingersupanddownjustfeelingthisreminderofthegame.IttookmeonawildroadtripthroughmybrainandIwouldstopateachbaseballmemory.ThistimeIbegantopicturethepeoplethatwereinvolvedinmybaseballlife.Iopenedmyeyes,realisingtheroadtripthatIusedtobeonhadgonewiththewind.Mygazeshiftedtotheclockontheoppositewall.Almostanhourhadpassed!Evenintoughtimesthethingsandpeopleyoulovecouldhelpyouescapeandyouwouldgetoverallthedifficulties.1.Whatmadetheauthor’smotherworried?A.Theauthor’sskillinbaseball.B.Theauthor’sattitudetohislife.C.Theauthor’spresentsituation.D.Thepoorconditionofthehospital.2.Whydidtheauthortreasurethekeychain?A.Itbroughtbackplentyofmemories.B.Itwassoftandcomfortabletotouch.C.Ithadwitnessedhisgreatmoments.D.Itwasmadefromoneofhisbaseballgloves.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cowhide”inparagraph3mean?A.Medicine.B.Baseball.C.Glove. D.Leather.4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Theauthorfeelsdepressed.B.Theauthorisconfidentofhisfuture.C.Theauthorcherisheshispastexperience.D.Theauthorfeelstiredofthelifeinthehospital.Passage2Whatshouldwegetforourkidsthisholiday?Aschildrengetolder,givingthemsomethingtheycanexperienceinsteadofmaterialthingsmakesthemhappier,accordingtoanewresearchledbyChaplin.Theresearchcomparesthelevelofhappinesschildrengetfrommaterialthingswiththatfromexperiences.Theresultsshowsthatchildrenaged3through12getmorehappinessfrommaterialthingsthanfromexperiences.However,olderchildrengetmorehappinessfromexperiencesthanfromtheirpossessions.“Itmeansexperiencesarehighlypreferredbyadolescents,notjustexpensivematerialthings,”Chaplinsays.Shecontinuesexplaining,“Don’tgetmewrong.Youngchildrendoloveexperiences.Andgiventhisconcept,themeparkssuchasDisneylandarebeingbuilteverywhere.Infact,youngchildrenareexcitedthroughouttheexperience.However,forexperiencestoprovidelastinghappiness,childrenmustbeabletorecalldetailsoftheevents.”Longaftertheyhaveunwrappedtheirtoys,therewillstillbeaphysicalremindertogivethemhappiness.However,youngchildrencan’tseeortouchexperiencesaftertheyareover,makingitharderforthemtoappreciateexperiencesafteralongtime.There’saneasyfix,though,accordingtoChaplin.“Takepicturesorvideosoffamilywalks,playinginthesnow,andbirthdayparties,”shesays.“Childrenarelikelytoappreciatethoseexperiencesmoreifthereissomethingtoremindthemoftheevent.Additionally,they’llbeabletolearnthesocialvalueofsharedexperiences.”Childrenwillrememberandappreciatenotonlythebirthdaygiftstheyreceived,butalsothetimespentwithfamilyandfriendsastheyrecalltheexperiencethroughconcretereminderssuchasphotosandvideos.Sincememoryisdevelopedovertime,it’slikelythatchildren,especiallyyoungones,maynotgetasmuchhappinessfrompastexperiencesasfrompossessions.Butwithage,creatingnewmemoriesandexploringnewinterestsmaybefarmorevaluablethangettingpossessions.5.WhyarethemeparksspringingupaccordingtoChaplin?A.Theycanofferchildrenlastinghappiness.B.Eventsinthemarecentredonspecificthemes.C.Directinvolvementineventstherecaterstochildren.D.Kidshaveanaffectionfortheatmospheretheyoffer.6.Theunderlinedword“fix”inparagraph4canbereplacedby“”.

A.solution B.arrangementC.preparation D.focus7.WhichofthefollowingwouldChaplinprobablyagreewith?A.Videosappealtochildrenmorethangifts.B.Toysarenotkids’cupoftea.C.Olderchildrenvaluefamilytimemorethanyoungerones.D.Physicalremindershelprememberpastexperiencesbetter.8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Experiencesarebettergiftsforolderchildren.B.Socialvaluesshouldbeputinthefirstplace.C.Newinterestsaremostpreciousforchildren.D.Materialpossessionsbringmorehappinesstochildren.Passage3Withlunarexplorationrocketing,itposesmanychallenges.Amongthemisafundamentalquestionmetrologists(计量学家)worldwideareworkingtoanswer:whattimeisitontheMoon?TheMoondoesn’tcurrentlyhaveanindependenttime.Eachlunarmissionusesitsowntimescaletocoordinateduniversaltime,orUTC—thestandardagainstwhichtheearth’sclocksareset.TheapproachworkswhentheMoonhostsahandfulofindependentmissions,butitwillbeaproblemwhentherearemultiplecraftworkingtogether.Spaceagencieswillalsowanttotrackthemusingsatellitenavigation,whichreliesonprecisetimingsignals.Themostpressingneedforlunartimecomesfromplanstocreateadedicatedglobalnavigationsatellitesystem(GNSS)fortheMoon.Totacklethisproblem,representativesofspaceagenciesandacademicorganizationsworldwidemetinNovember2022tostartdraftingrecommendationsonhowtodefinelunartime.Defininglunartimeisnotsimple.AccordingtotheSpecialTheoryofRelativity,clockstickslowerinstrongergravitationalfields.TheMoon’sgravitationalpullisweakerthanEarth’s,meaningalunarclockwouldrunfasterthananEarthone.Definingalunarstandard,withwhichallclocksarecompared,willinvolveinstallingatleastthreemasterclocksthattickattheMoon’snaturalpace,andwhoseoutputiscombinedbyanalgorithm(算法)togenerateamoreaccurate‘virtual’timepiece.Whathappensthendependsonwhichoptionmetrologistschoose.TheymightdecidetobaselunartimeonUTC.Thealternativewouldbetousethesynthesized(同步)outputofthelunaratomicclocksastheMoon’sownindependent,continuoustime,andtotrackitsrelationshiptoUTC.Thatway,eveniftheconnectionwithEarthislost,clocksontheMoonwillstillagreewitheachother,allowingsafenavigationandcommunications.Settinglunartimeispartofamuchbiggerpicture.Itwillonedayworkforthemore-distantplanetsthatspaceagenciesareultimatelytargeting,suchasMars.9.What’sthemainideaofparagraph2?A.TheworkingprincipleofUTC.B.Theachievementsofspacemission.C.Theurgencytodevelopsatellitenavigation.D.Theproblemofcurrentlunartimingmethod.10.Whatisthemajorbarriertodefininglunartime?A.Lackofprofessionalguidance.B.Thedisagreementamongmetrologists.C.DifferentgravitationalpullontheMoon.D.Thecomplexityofinstallingmasterclocks.11.What’stheadvantageofdefiningtheMoon’sindependenttime?A.KeepingtheclocksontheMooncorresponding.B.PreventingspacecraftlosingconnectionwiththeEarth.C.Helpinghumanslandonthemore-distantplanets.D.MakingiteasiertosynchronizewithUTCallthetime.12.What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A.WhatTimeIsItontheMoon?B.WhenwillManSettleontheMoon?C.Lunarexploration:ACareerBoundtoReviveD.GNSS:AMorePreciseLunarTrackingSystemPassage4Neuroscientists(神经科学家)nowknowthatbrainmaturation(成熟)occursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.Greatchangesinbrainarestilltakingplaceduringyoungadulthood,especiallyintheregionsthatareimportantforplanningahead,expectingthefutureresultsofone’sdecisions,andcomparingriskandreward.Indeed,somebrainregionsdonotreachfullmaturityuntiltheearly20s.Shouldthisnewknowledgemakeusrethinkwherewedrawlegalboundariesbetweenkidsandadults?Maybe.Butit’snotassimpleasitseemsfortworeasons.First,differentbrainregionsmaturealongwithdifferenttimetables.Thereisnosingleageatwhichtheadolescentbrainbecomesanadultbrain.Systemsresponsibleforlogicalreasoningmaturewhenpeopleare16,butthoseinvolvedinself-regulationarestilldevelopinginyoungadulthood.Thisiswhy16-year-oldsarejustascapableasadultswhenitcomestopermittinginformedmedicalpapers,butarestillimmatureinwaysthatreducetheircriminalresponsibility,astheSupremeCourthasnotedinseveralrecentcases.Usingdifferentagesfordifferentlegalboundariesseemsstrange,butitwouldmakeneuroscientificsenseifwediditreasonably.Second,sciencehasneverhadmuchinfluenceonthesedecisions.Ifitdid,wewouldn’thavelivedinasocietythatallowsteenagerstodrivebeforetheycanbuybeer.Ageboundariesaredrawnmainlyforpoliticalreasons,notscientificones.It’sapitythatNeurosciencewon’thavemuchofanimpactonpoliticsalthoughitisalwayscorrect.Childrenaresochangeableintheirgrowthandhowculturesunderstandchilddevelopmentissodifferent.Itispointlesstotrytodeterminethe“right”ageofmaturation.TheDutch,forexample,allowchildrentodrinkalcoholattheageof16butnottodriveuntiltheyare19.EvenifIfirmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldrefertoNeuroscienceseriouslyandit’sagoodideatolowerthedrinkingageandraisethedrivingageintheUS,Irecognizethatthegovernmentmightneveracceptit.13.Whatcanwelearnaboutbrainmaturationaccordingtothepassage?A.Allthebrainareasbecomematureatthesametime.B.Scientists’brainmaturesmuchearlierthanpoliticians’.C.Theregioninchargeoflogicalreasoningisn’tmatureuntil18.D.Thetimeofbrainmaturationisnotasearlyasthoughtbefore.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsNeuroscience?A.Favorable.B.Skeptical.C.Indifferent. D.Intolerant.15.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.It’sillegalforaDutchboytodriveattheageof16.B.ThecultureoftheDutchismuchbetterthanthatoftheUSA.C.It’sofgreatvaluetodeterminetherightageofmaturation.D.Theinfluenceofscienceonlawandpolicymakingisverybig.16.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ShouldChildrenLearnfromCapableAdults?B.CanNeuroscienceCreateMatureScientists?C.ShouldNeuroscienceAffectLawDecisions?D.CanChildrenDriveandDrinkBeerLikeAdults?Passage5Anewstudylooksathowpetsprovideimportantsupportthroughpetting,cuddles(拥抱),andafrequentphysicalpresence.Thisisespeciallykeywhenpeoplefeellonely.Theresearchersinterviewed32peopleaged59to83.Petsincludeddogs,cats,birds,etc.Morethan90%ofthepeoplespokeabouttouchintherelationshipwiththeirpets.“Participantsoftendescribedtouch-basedinteractionswiththeirpetsasbeingcomfortingorrelaxinginawaythatcontributedtotheiroverallwell-being,”theresearcherssay.“Forourparticipants,comfortisthesenseofbeingsomehowcaredforbyanotherbeing.”Manypeopleinthestudyspokeabouthowtheirpetsjustseemedto“know”whentheyweren’tfeelingwellandthey’dmovetogetphysicallynearthem.Differentpetswerebetteratprovidingcomfort,someparticipantsinsisted.Manysaidcatsweremorerelaxingthandogs,whileotherssaiddogscouldberelaxingaslongastheywere“therightkindofdog”.Butalmostallpetsprovidedsomesortofcomforttotheirownerswhenitcametotouch.JanetteYoung,lecturerinhealthsciencesattheUniversityofSouthAustralia,andherteamuncoveredaninterestingthingaboutthepet-humanrelationship.Peopleinthestudyoftenspokeabouthowtheiranimalsdemandedtobepettedorseemedtotakejoyintheinteraction.This,inturn,madethehumansfeelgood.Theresearcherssuggestthatpetscanbe“helpfulinreducingtouchdeprivation(匮乏)”andthebenefitscancomefromallkindsofpets.Thisconnectioncanbeparticularlyimportantinhealthcareandseniorcaresettingswherepatientsandworkersarelesslikelytobeabletoseefriendsandfamily;yettouchisimportantandcanimprovehealthandhappiness.Petscanalsoofferbenefitsthatinsomecasespeoplecan’toffer.“Relationshipswithpetsaredifferenttothosewithhumans,”Youngsays.“Animalsdon’tjudgeandarealwayswithus.”17.Aboutwhatdidsomeparticipantsholddifferentopinions?A.Whatpetswerebetteratprovidingcomfort.B.Whetherpetscouldmakethemfeelrelaxed.C.Howtheyfeltwhentheirpetstouchedthem.D.Whenpetscouldnoticetheirowners’discomfort.18.WhatdidJanetteYoungfindaboutthepet-humanrelationship?A.Itisfullofjudgments.B.Itturnsouttemporary.C.Itbenefitsbothparties.D.Itisdeterminedbypets.19.Whatmayresearcherssuggesthospitalsdo?A.Encouragepetconnectionprogrammes.B.Raisepetstoreducehumantouch.C.Selectthebestpetcompanions.D.Orderworkers’friendstopayvisits.20.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Humansneedspiritualsupport.B.Pet-humaninteractionsarecommon.C.Lonelypeoplelikelivingwithpets.D.Petsofferhumanstouch-basedcomfort.Passage6Whenputtotests,beeshavelongprovedthatthey’vegotalotmoretoofferthanpollinating(授粉),makinghoneyandbeingloyaltoaqueen.Thehard-workinginsectscanchangetheirbehaviorwhenthingsseemdifficult,andnowsomescientistsfindthereisproofthattheyalsoliketoplay.ScientistsfromQueenMaryUniversityofLondonperformedanexperiment,inwhichtheysetupacontainerthatallowedbeestotravelfromtheirnesttoafeedingarea.Butalongtheway,thebeescouldchoosetopassthroughaseparatesectionwithsomesmallwoodenballs.Over18days,thescientistswatchedasthebees“wentoutoftheirwaytorollwoodenballsrepeatedly,despitenoapparentincentive(刺激)todoso.”Earlierstudieshaveshownthattheblackandyellowbugsarewillingtolearnnewtricksinexchangeforfoodorotherrewards.Inthiscase,togetridofexternalfactors,scientistsmadesurethebeeshadadaptedtotheirnewhomeandthattheirenvironmentwasstress-free.Thefindingsuggeststhatlikehumans,insectsalsointeractwithobjectsasaformofplay.Alsosimilartopeople,youngerbeesseemtobemoreplayfulthanadultbees.“Thisresearchprovidesastrongindicationthatinsectmindsarefarmorecomplicatedthanweimagine.Therearelotsofanimalswhoplayjustforthepurposeofenjoyment,butmostexamplescomefromyoungmammals(哺乳动物)andbirds,”saidLarsChittka,aprofessorofsensoryandbehavioralecologyatQueenMaryUniversityofLondon,wholedthestudy.Thestudy’sfirstauthor,SamadiGalpay,whoisaPhDstudentatQueenMaryUniversityofLondon,statesthatitismoreevidentthatbeesmaybecapableofexperiencingfeelings.“Theymayactuallyexperiencesomekindofpositiveemotionalstates,evenifbasic,likeotherlargeranimalsdo.Thisfindinghaseffectsonourunderstandingofthesenseandwelfareofinsects,which,consequently,encouragesustorespectandprotectwildlifeonEarthevermore,”shesays.21.Whatisthenewfindingaboutbees?A.Theyarefondofhavingfun.B.Theyarefaithfultothequeen.C.Theyareadaptabletochanges.D.Theyareskilledatrollingballs.22.Howdidscientistsremoveexternalinfluencesintheexperiment?A.Byteachingbeesnewtricks.B.Byrewardingbeeswithfood.C.Bymakingbeesfeelathome.D.Bybuildingnewhomesforbees.23.WhatareLarsChittka’swordsmainlyabout?A.Theformsofbees’interaction.B.Thecomplexityofbees’minds.C.Theexamplesofmammals’play.D.Thepurposeofmammals’enjoyment.24.WhatdoesSamadiGalpaysayaboutthestudyresult?A.Itbacksuppriorunderstandingofinsects.B.Itrevealsreasonsforbees’positivefeelings.C.Itdrivesresearchonanimals’emotionalstate.D.ItcontributestowildlifeconservationonEarth.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己生病住院期间,在最难熬的日子里回忆起了很多过去的时光并对未来充满了希望。1.C解析推理判断题。根据第一段的“Ithadbeenfourdaysofdoctorsgivingbadnews,medicineinjections,procedures,MRIsandrestlessnights.”可知,作者的状况不好,这让他的妈妈非常担心。故选C项。2.A解析细节理解题。根据第一段的“Inthefibresoftheleatherweresomanymemoriesthathadtransformedmeasaperson.”可知,因为钥匙链承载着很多回忆,因此作者很珍惜它。故选A项。3.D解析词义猜测题。根据第三段的“Irubbedmyfingersupanddownjustfeelingthisreminderofthegame.IttookmeonawildroadtripthroughmybrainandIwouldstopateachbaseballmemory.”可知,cowhide指第二段首句“Igrabbedmykeysandtouchedasmoothpieceofleather.”中提到的leather。故选D项。4.B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Evenintoughtimesthethingsandpeopleyoulovecouldhelpyouescapeandyouwouldgetoverallthedifficulties.”可知,作者对未来很有信心。故选B项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明,随着孩子年龄的增长,给他们一些可以体验的东西比给他们物质的东西可以使孩子们更快乐。5.C解析细节理解题。根据第三段的“Itmeansexperiencesarehighlypreferredbyadolescents,notjustexpensivematerialthings,...Andgiventhisconcept,themeparkssuchasDisneylandarebeingbuilteverywhere.Infact,youngchildrenareexcitedthroughouttheexperience.”可知,参与活动更能迎合孩子的喜好,这正是主题公园兴起的原因。故选C项。6.A解析词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句“However,youngchildrencan’tseeortouchexperiencesaftertheyareover,makingitharderforthemtoappreciateexperiencesafteralongtime.”可知,画线词fix应为“解决方法”之意。故选A项。7.D解析细节理解题。根据第六段内容可知,孩子能通过有形的事情,比如照片和视频,更好地回忆过去的美好。故选D项。8.A解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Aschildrengetolder,givingthemsomethingtheycanexperienceinsteadofmaterialthingsmakesthemhappier...”可知,给孩子们一些可以体验的东西,会让他们更快乐;再根据第二段中的“However,olderchildrengetmorehappinessfromexperiencesthanfromtheirpossessions.”可知,年龄稍大的孩子从经历中获得的快乐比从他们拥有的东西中获得的多。由此可推断,经历对年长的孩子来说是更好的礼物。故选A项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是设定月球时间的必要性、面临的挑战,以及设定月球时间的方案。9.D解析段落大意题。根据第二段中的“TheapproachworkswhentheMoonhostsahandfulofindependentmissions,butitwillbeaproblemwhentherearemultiplecraftworkingtogether.Spaceagencieswillalsowanttotrackthemusingsatellitenavigation,whichreliesonprecisetimingsignals.”可知,当多个飞船共同工作时,当前的月球计时方法就会出现问题,而且航天机构依赖精确的时间来跟踪飞船,这时月球计时会产生很多问题。因此本段介绍当前月球计时方法存在的问题。故选D项。10.C解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Defininglunartimeisnotsimple.AccordingtotheSpecialTheoryofRelativity,clockstickslowerinstrongergravitationalfields.TheMoon’sgravitationalpullisweakerthanEarth’s,meaningalunarclockwouldrunfasterthananEarthone.”可知,设定月球时间的障碍是月球上的引力。故选C项。11.A解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“ThealternativewouldbetousethesynthesizedoutputofthelunaratomicclocksastheMoon’sownindependent,continuoustime,andtotrackitsrelationshiptoUTC.Thatway,eveniftheconnectionwithEarthislost,clocksontheMoonwillstillagreewitheachother,allowingsafenavigationandcommunications.”可知,设定月球独立的时间后,即使失去与地球的联系,月球上的时间也可以始终保持一致。故选A项。12.A解析标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Withlunarexplorationrocketing,itposesmanychallenges.Amongthemisafundamentalquestionmetrologistsworldwideareworkingtoanswer:whattimeisitontheMoon?”及下文中分析设定月球时间的必要性、面临的挑战及方案可知,本文主要是围绕着设定独立月球时间展开,因此A项“月球上几点了?”与主题内容吻合。故选A项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要议论了神经科学家对人类大脑的成熟有了新的认知,即大脑成熟的时间比以前认为的要晚一些这一认知是否应该让我们重新思考孩子和成年人之间的法律界限,即神经科学的结论能否影响法律决定的制定。但实际而言事情看上去并不是那么简单,由此文章解释了两个原因,对该问题进行了否定回答。13.D解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Neuroscientistsnowknowthatbrainmaturationoccursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.”可知,大脑成熟的时间并不像以前想象的那么早。故选D项。14.A解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“It’sapitythatNeurosciencewon’thavemuchofanimpactonpoliticsalthoughitisalwayscorrect.”以及最后一段中的“EvenifIfirmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldrefertoNeuroscienceseriouslyandit’sagoodideatolowerthedrinkingageandraisethedrivingageintheUS”可知,作者认为神经科学给出的结论是正确的,只是它没有受到政治的关注,未对政治产生重大影响。由此推断作者对神经科学持有的是支持的态度。故选A项。15.A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“TheDutch,forexample,allowchildrentodrinkalcoholattheageof16butnottodriveuntiltheyare19.”可知,荷兰是允许16岁的孩子喝酒的,但是19岁才能开车,所以19岁以下开车是违法的。故选A项。16.C解析标题归纳题。根