《生产建设项目水土保持技术标准》

Foreword

AccordingtotherequirementsofDocumentJIANBIAO[2014]No.189issuedbytheMinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopment(MOHURD)—"NoticeonPrintingandDistributing'theDevelopmentandRevisionPlanofNationalEngineeringConstructionStandardsin2015'",afterextensiveresearch,thestandardpreparationgrouphascarefullysummarizedtheengineeringexperience,referredtorelevantnationalstandardsandinternationaladvancedstandards,andformulatedthisstandardonthebasisofextensivesolicitationofopinions.

Thestandardconsistsof5chaptersand5appendixes,covering:generalprovisions,terms,basicrequirements,soilandwaterconservationschemes,andrequirementsfordesignofsoilandwaterconservationmeasures,etc.

Themainrevisionsofthisstandardare:

1.Specifyingthetechnicalworkcontentsandtechnicalrequirementsofsoilandwaterconservationforaproductionandconstructionproject(PCPinbriefhereinafter)andimprovingtherestrictivestipulationsfortheprincipalpartofaproject(PPPinbriefhereinafter)andspecialstipulationsonareaswithdifferenttypesofsoilerosion;

2.Refiningthecontentsandrequirementsfortheevaluationofsoilandwaterconservation,aswellasforthelayoutofsoilandwaterconservationmeasures;

3.Updatingthedesignrequirementsofsoilandwaterconservationmeasures;

4.Definingthetasksofeachdesignstage,andlistingtherequirementsforthecontentsinthechapterofsoilandwaterconservationinapre-feasibilitystudyreport(projectproposal),thepreparationrulesofsoilandwaterconservationscheme,andthecontentsandarrangementofaspecialchapterinthepreliminarydesignfeportofsoilandwaterconservationintoappendixes.

Theprovisionsprintedinboldtypeinthisstandardaremandatoryonesandmustbeimplementedstrictly.

Thisstandardisunderthejurisdictionof,anditsmandatoryprovisionsareinterpretedbytheMinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopment.TheMinistryofWaterResourcesisresponsiblefortheroutinemanagementofthisstandard.MonitoringCenterofSoilandWaterConservation,theMinistryofWaterResourcesofthePeople'sRepublicofChina(MWR)isinchargeoftheexplanationoftechnicalspecifications.Duringimplementationofthisstandard,anycommentsandadvicescanbepostedorpassedontoMonitoringCenterofSoilandWaterConservation,MWR.(Address:No.2,BaiguangRoad,XichengDistrict,Beijing.Postcode:100053).

ChiefDevelopmentOrganization,Co-DevelopmentOrganizations,ChiefDrafters,ChiefReviewersofthisstandard:

ChiefDevelopmentOrganization:

MonitoringCenterofSoilandWaterConservation,MWR

Co-DevelopmentOrganizations:

GeneralInstituteofWaterResourcesandHydropowerPlanningandDesign,MWR

ChinaInstituteofWaterResourcesandHydropowerResearch

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ChinaRenewableEnergyEngineeringInstitute

PlantDevelopmentandManagementCenterofSoilandWaterConservation,MWRBeijingWaterandSoilConservationEcologicalEngineeringConsultingCo.,Ltd.

CCTEGBeijingHuayuEngineeringCo.,Ltd.

ShanxiHydroelectricInvestigation&.DesignInstituteCo.,Ltd.

HydraulicResearchInstituteofInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegion

ChinaMerchantsChongqingCommunicationsTechnologyResearch&.Design

InstituteCo.,Ltd.

POWERCHINAHuaDongEngineeringCorporationLimited

KunmingEngineering&.ResearchInstituteofNonferrousMetallurgyCo.,Ltd.

BeijingForestryUniversity

ChiefDrafters:

GUOSuoyanJIANGDewenSHENXuejianZHANGChangyin

GAOXubiaoYUANPujinWANGRuizengZHAOYongjunCHENGFuKONGDonglianJILingling,LIUXianchunYOUWeiWANGYunzhang

WANGZhiguoWANGXiangdongYUWeiqiWANGSuiquanYUQuan'enCHENZhengxinSUNZhongfengSHAOXuedongLIUZhigang

ChiefReviewers:

JIAOJurenCAIJianqinXIEYongshengIANGHaiboLIRenhua

YUXinxiaoSHUAnpingCAIZhizhouCHENZengqiQINBaishun

PEIHuaWUMiaozhuangXIEGuãngWuBAIFengchunSONGJuping

Contents

1Generalprovisions (

1)

2Terms (

2)

3Basicrequirements (

3)

3.1Generalrequirements (

3)

3.2Retietionsnpojicet (

3)

3.3Speialregulationsforareaswithdiferenttypesofsoulerosion (

5)

4Soilandwaterconservationschemes (

8)

4.1Genealreguitements (

8)

4.2Investigationandsurvey (

8)

4.3Evaluationofsoilandwaterconservationforprojects (

11)

4.4Responsibilityrangeforsoilandwaterconseryationandzoningfor

soilerosioncontrol (

12)

4.5Soilerosionprediction (

13)

4.6Layoutofsoilandwaterconservationmeasutes (

14)

4.7Soilandwaterconservationmoniforing (

17)

5Requirementsfordesignofsoilandwaterconservationmeasures (

19)

5.1Generalrequirements (

19)

5.2Measuresfortopsoilconservation (

20)

5.3Measures⁷orhiogkingdreg (

20)

5.4Measureshrslopeprotection (

21)

5.5Measuresforwaterinterceptionanddrainage (

21)

5.6Measuresforprecipitationstorageandinfilration (

22)

5.7Measuresforlandimprovement (

22)

5.8Measuresforvegetation (

23)

5.9Temporaryprotectivemeasures (

23)

5.10Measuresforwindbreakandsand-fixation (

23)

AppendixARequirementsforcontentsofsoilandwaterconservationin

preliminaryfeasibilitystudyreport(projectproposal) (

25)

AppendixBRequirementsforpreparationofsoilandwaterconservationscheme (

26)

AppendixCContentsandchaptersarrangementsofspecialreportofsoiland

waterconservationinpreliminarydesign (

35)

AppendixDIdentificationofsoilandwaterconservationmeasuresforPPPdesign (

36)

AppendixERequirementsforcontentsanddepthoflayoutoftypicalmeasuresfor

soilandwaterconservation (

39)

Explanationofwordinginthisstandard (

41)

Listofquotedstandards (

42)

1Generalprovisions

1.0.1Thisstandardisformulatedtopreventandcontrolsoilerosioncausedbyproductionandconstructionactivities,protectandrationallyutilizesoilandwaterresources,improveecologicalenvironment,andensuresustainableeconomicandsocialdevelopment.

1.0.2Thisstandardisapplicabletothepreventionandcontrolofsoilerosionintheproductionand

constructionprojects(PCPs)thatmaycausesoilerosionintheprocessofconstructionorproduction.

1.0.3ThepreventionandcontrolofsoilerosioncausedbythePCPsshallsticktotheprinciplesoffocusingonprevention,prioritizingprotection,adaptingtoAocalconditions,andbeingsafe,reliable,technicallyfeasible,andeconomicallyviable,anditisencouragedtoadoptadvancedtechnologies,innovativetechnics,andnewmaterials.

1.0.4ThetechnologiesofsoilandwaterconservationforthePCPsshallcomplywithnotonlythisstandard,butalsocurrentrelevantstandardsofthenation.

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2Terms

2.0.1responsibilityrangeforsoilandwaterconservation

Anareawhereaproductionandconstructionentityshallberesponsibleforsoilerosionpreventionandcontrolaccordingtolaws.

2.0.2principalpartofproject(PPP)

Acollectivedefinitionofmainandaffiliatedpartsofaproductionandconstructionproject.2.0.3line-typeproductionandconstructionproject(PCP)

APCPwithalargelayoutspaninlineardistribution.

2.0.4block-typeproductionandconstructionproject(PCP)

APCPwithrelativelyconcentratedlayoutinblockdistribution.

2.0.5constructiveproject

Acompletedprojectwithoutanyfurtberlanddisturbancesuchasexcavation,earth(rock,sand)

borrow,andspoil(rock,dreg,flyash,mullock,tailings)disposalduringitsoperationperiod.

2.0.6constructiveandproductiveproject

Acompletedprojectstillwithlanddisturbancesuchasexcavation,earth(rock,sand)borrow,and

spoil(rock,dreg,flyash,mullock,tailings)disposalduringitsproductionperiod.

2.0.7targetyearofdesign

Theyearthatsoilandwaterconservationmeasuresdeterminedinasoilandwaterconservationschemeareimplementedandinitiallygeneratebenefits:

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3Basicrequirements

3.1Generalrequirements

3.1.1ThetechnicalworkofsoilandwaterconservationforthePCPshallmainlyincludethecompilationofsoilandwaterconservationscheme,soilandwaterconservationmeasuredesign,construction,supervisionandmonitoring,andtheacceptanceofsoilandwaterconservationfacilities.ThetechnicalworkofsoilandwaterconservationforthePCPshalbeconductedsimultaneouslywitheachstageoftheproject.Thesoilandwaterconservationchapterinpreliminaryfeasibilitystudystage(projectproposal)report,thecontentsofsoilandwaterconservationschemeandthecontentsofthespecialchapterinthepreliminarydesignreportofsoilandwaterconservationmeasuresshallcomplywiththeprovisionsinAppendixesA,BandC,respectively.

3.1.2ThesoilerosionpreventionandcontrolforthePCPshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1Duringthewholeprocessofproject,thedisturbanceanddestructiononoriginaltopographicfeatures,vegetation,andwatersystemsshallbecontrolledandminimized,andtheoriginalvegetation,topsoil,crustandsandcrust,lichen.eteshallbeprotected.Wateruseandlandoccupationshallbereducedbyutilizationefficiencyimprovement.

2Preventionandcontrolmeasuressuchasretaining,slopeprotection,waterinterceptionanddrainageshallbetakenfortheareasofexcavation,filling,anddisposal.

3Thespoil(rock,dreg)shallbecomprehensivelyatilized,andtheunusableshouldbepiledupin

aspecialstorageplace

4Temporaryprotectivemeasuresshallbetakenduringcivilconstruction.

5Landremediationshallbetimelycarriedoutforfinishedconstructionsitestorestoreitsutilizing

function.

3.1.3ThesoilerosionpreventionandcontrolforthePCPshallachievethefollowingtargets:

1Increasedsoilerosionintheconstructionscopeofaprojectshallbecontrolledeffectively,andoriginalsoilerosionshallbetreated.

2Soilandwaterconservationfacilitiesshallbesafeandefficient.

3Soilandwaterresources,aswellasforestandgrassvegetationshallbeprotectedandrestoredtothegreatestextent.

4Thesixindicatorsincludingthepercentageofcontrolledsoilerosionarea,proportionofsoilerosioncontrol,percentageofblockeddregsandsoil,percentageofprotectedtopsoil,percentageofrecoveredforestandgrass,andpercentageofforestandgrasscoverageshallmeettherequirementsofcurrentnationalstandard,GB/T50434StandardofSoilErosionControlforProductionand

ConstructionProjects.

3.2Restrictionsonprojects

3.2.1Site(line)selectionforthePPPshallavoidthefollowingareas:

1Keyzoneofsoilerosionpreventionandkeyzoneofsoilerosioncontrol.

2Plantprotectionzoneslocatedonbothsidesofrivers,aroundlakesandreservoirs.

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3Soilandwaterconservationmonitoringsitesandkeytestareasinthenationalsoilandwaterconservationmonitoringnetwork,andlong-termfixedobservationstationsdeterminedbythenationalgovernment

3.2.2Constructionschemeshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1Forhighwaysorrailwayssectionswithmassivefillingordeepexcavation,morebridgesandtunnelsshallbeusedinordertominimizefillingandexcavation.Analternativeplanforusingbridgesortunnelsshallbestudiedifthefillingheightisgreaterthan20mortheexcavationdepthgreaterthan30m.Onthepremiseofensuringslopestability,vegetationprotectionmeasuresorcombinedprotectionsolutionofvegetationandengineeringshallbetakenforembankmentortrench

2Constructionprojectsincityandtownshalladopthigherstandardofvegetationplanting,emphasizelandscapeeffects,andbeequippedwithirrigation,drainageandrainwaterutilizationfacilities.

3Thetowerbaseofpowertransmissionprojectinhillyregionsshalladoptunequalheightfoundation.Atransmissiontowerpassingthroughaforestzoneshallbeheightened.

4ForthePCPthatcannotavoidthekeyzoneofsoilerosionpreventionorthekeyzoneofsoil

erosioncontrol,constructionschemeshallmeetthefolowingrequirements:

1)Theschemeshallbeoptimizedtominimizelandoccupationandearthwork.Highways,railwaysandotherprojectswithfillingheightgreaterthan8mshouldadoptbridgescheme.Pipeline-crossingengineeringshouldadopttheschemeoftunneling,directionaldrilling,orpipe-jacking.Industrialsitesinhillyregionsshouldadoptsteplayoutwithpriority.

2)Engineeringgradeandfloodcontrolstandardforwaterinterceptionanddrainageprojectsandblockingengineeringshallbeupgradedbyonelevel

3)Facilitiesforrainwatercollectionandstorage,andsedimentdepositionshouldbearranged.

4)Vegetationmeasuresstandardshallbeupgraded.Thepercentageofforestandgrasscoverage

shallbeincreasedby1%to2%.

3.2.3Earth(rock,sand)borrowsitesmustnotbelocatedincollapseandlandslideriskareasanddebrisflowproneareas.

3.2.4Thelocatingofearth(rock,sand)borrowsitesshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1Meettherequirementsinurbanandscenicspotplanning,andcoordinatewithsurroundinglandscape.

2Meettherelatedrequirementsofrivermanagementifearth(rock,sand)isborrowedfromriver

course.

3Considerlandusecomprehensivelyafterearth(rock,sand)borrow.

3.2.5Spoil(rock,dreg,flyash,mullock,tailings)fieldsmustnotbesetupinregionsthathavesignificantimpactsonpublicfacilities,infrastructures,industrialenterprises,andresidentialareas,etc.

3.2.6Thelocatingofspoil(rock,dreg,flyash,mullock,tailings)fieldsshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1Forprojectsinvolvingrivercourses,disposalsiteslocatingshallfollowtherequirementsoffloodcontrolplanningandrivercourseregulationlines,anddisposalsitesshallnotbelocatedinthecontrolareasofrivercourses,lakesorreservoirs.

2Forprojectsinhillyregions,disposalsitesshouldbelocatedindesolategullies,concavegroundsorbranchgullies.Forprojectsinplains,disposalsitesshouldbelocatedinconcavegroundsor

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barelands.Forprojectsinwinderosionregions,disposalsitesshouldavoidwindvents.

3Earth(rock,sand)borrowsites,abandonedminingpitsandsubsidenceareasshallbefully

utilized.

4Landuseshallbecomprehensivelyconsideredafterspoil(rock,dreg,flyash,mullock,tailings)

disposal.

3.2.7Constructionorganizationdesignshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1Minimizelandoccupationforconstructionsites,andavoidareaswithconsiderablevegetation

coverageandbasicfarmlandarea.

2Scheduleconstructionrationally,avoidrepeatedexcavationandrepeatedtransport,and

minimizeexposedtimeandscope.

3Designspecialfacilitiessuchasdregaqueducts,dregchutes,etc.toexportexcavatedearth-rockifexcavationisonthesteepslopesofriverbanks,orifthereareriverchannels,highways,railways,residentialareas,andotherimportantinfrastructureunderexcavationslopes.

4Sortandstackabandonedearth,rockanddreg,

5Useabandonedearth(rock,dreg)byotherprojectswithpriorityasborrowearthandrock,or

selectsupplierswithcompliantborrowareaforpurchasedearth(rock,material).

6Excavatestepwiseandcontrolexcavationdepthforlarge-scaleborrowpits.Andcontrol

chargingquantityandblastingrangeforhlastingexcavation.

7Divideprojectsectionsinconsiderationofrationalearthworkallocationtoreduceearth(rock)

borrowandspoil(rock,dreg),andtominimizetemporarylandoceupation.

3.2.8Engineeringconstructionshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1Constructionactivitiesshallbeconstrainedwithinthedesignedtemporaryroadsandsitesfor

construction

2Atthebeginningofconstruction,topsoilshallbestrippedorprotectedfirst.Thestrippedtopsoilshallbepiledupwithprotectionmeasures.

3Exposedlandsurfaceshallbeprotectedintimetoshortenexposuretime.Timelyexcavation,

delivery,fillingandcompactionshallbedoneforearthworkfilling.

4Temporarilystockedearth(rock,dreg)shallbepiledup,andtemporarymeasuressuchasblocking,covering,drainage,sedimentation,etc.,shallbetaken.

5Mudproducedduringconstructionshallbedepositedfirstthroughsettingbasinandthenbe

treatedwithothermeasures.

6Effectivemeasuresshallbetakenduringcofferdamfillingandremovaltoreducesoilloss.

7Blockingmeasuresforspoil(rock,dreg)fieldsshallbetakeninadvance,andspoil(rock,dreg)shallbeplacedinorder.

8Measuresforwaterinterceptionanddrainage,andsedimentdepositionshallbetakenbeforeearth(rock,sand)borrowsitesexcavation.

9Protectivemeasuresshallbetakentoavoidspillinginthetransportationofearth(rock,

material,dregandmullock).

3.3Specialregulationsforareaswithdifferenttypesofsoilerosion

3.3.1IntheblacksoilregionofNortheasternChina,thefollowingrequirementsshallbesatisfied:

1Blacksoilresourcesshallbeprotectedandrationallyutilized.

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2Inhillyregions,runoffdrainagesystemshouldbearrangedonslopes.

3Forprotectivemeasures,theeffectsoffreezingdamageshallbeconsidered.

3.3.2InsandstormregionofNorthernChina,thefollowingrequirementsshallbesatisfied:

1Thescopeofconstructiondisturbanceshallbecontrolledtoprotectsurfacecrust,sandcrust,

anddesertpavement.

2Measures,suchasgravel(rubble,cobble)stonecovering,sandbarrier,plantsandfixation,

chemicalconsolidation,etc.,maybetakentopreventandcontrolwinderosion.

3Vegetationmeasuresshouldbeequippedwithirrigationfacilities.

3.3.3Intheearth-rockmountainregionofNorthernChina,thefollowingrequirementsshallbesatisfied;

1Soilresourcesshallbereservedandcomprehensivelyutilized.

2Waterconservationmeasuresshallbetakenintheupstreamwaterconservationareasofrivers.3.3.4IntheLoessPlateauregionofNorthwestChina,thefollowingrequirementsshallbesatisfied:

1Waterinterceptionanddrainage,aswellasdrainageconnectionandenergydissipationmeasuresshallbetakenonslopes.

2Rainwatercollectionandutilizationfacilitiesshouldbearranged.

3.3.5IntheredsoilregionofSouthernChina,thefollowingrequirementsshallbesatisfied:

1Runoffdrainagesystemssballbearrangedonslopesurfacetopreventdisasterssuchas

Benggang,landslide,etc.

2Emergencyprotectionmeasuresshallbetakenforrainstormandtyphoon.

3.3.6InthepurplesoilregionofSouthwesternChina,thefollowingrequirementsshallbesatisfied:

1Attentionshallbepaidtofloodcontrol,drainageandretainingmeasuresforspoil(rock,dreg)

fields.

2Waterconservationmeasuresshallbetakenintheupstreamwaterconservationareasofrivers.3.3.7InthekarstregionofSouthwesternChina,thefollowingrequirementsshallbesatisfied:

1Soilresourcesshallbereservedandcomprehensivelyutilized.

2Undergroundstreamsystemsuchasundergroundriversandkarstcavesshallnotbedestroyed.3.3.8IntheQinghai-XizangPlateauRegion,thefollowingrequirementsshallbesatisfied:

1Disturbanceareaduringconstructionshallbestrictlyminimizedtoprotectlandsurfaceandvegetation

2Attentionshallbepaidtothestripping,protectionandutilizationoftheturfinplateaumeadow

areas.

3Forprotectivemeasures,theeffectsoffreezingdamageshallbeconsidered.3.3.9Inplainregions,thefollowingrequirementsshallbesatisfied:

1Thesoilincultivatedlayershallbereservedandutilized.

2Sedimenttrappingmeasuresshallbetakentoavoidriverchannelsiltation.

3Theexcavationofearth(rock,sand)borrowsitesshouldbewideandshallow,andattention

shallbepaidtomeasuresforrestorationandutilization.

4Measuressuchasoptimizationofdesignedelevationofsitesandroadsurfaceshallbetakentoreducethevolumeofborrowedearthandrock.

①Aspecialtypeofgullyerosion,associatedwithapermanentcollapsinggullyonalowhillslopedevelopedfromgraniteredsoil,ispres-entinSouthernChina.

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3.3.10Inurbanregions,thefollowingrequirementsshallbesatisfied:

1Measures,suchassunkenlawns,permeablepavement,etc.,shallbetakentoincreaseprecipitationinfiltration.

2Surfacerunoffshallbecomprehensivelyutilizedbysettinguprainwaterandfloodutilizationandstoragefacilitiessuchasimpoundingpools.

3Measures,suchasblocking,covering,drainage,andsedimentationshallbetakenfortemporarilystockedearth(rock,dreg).Topreventflyingdustandsiltfromenteringmunicipalpipelinenetwork,thecompartmentsofvehiclestransportingsoilanddregshallbecoveredwiththeirwheels

washed.

4Thedisposalofborrowedearth(rock,sand)andspoil(rock,dreg)shouldbemanagedcoordinatelywithotherrelatedconstructionprojects.

8

4Soilandwaterconservationschemes

4.1Generalrequirements

4.1.1Themaincontentsofsoilandwaterconservationschemeshallincludethebriefintroductionofaprojectandtheprojectarea,theevaluationofsoilandwaterconservationfortheproject,soilerosionprediction,layoutofsoilandwaterconservationmeasures,andinvestmentestimationofsoilandwater

conservation.

4.1.2Soilandwaterconservationschemeshallspecifytherangeofresponsibilityandobjectivesforthesoilerosionpreventionandcontroloftheproject.

4.1.3ThetargetyearofdesignshallbethecompletionyearofthePPPorthefollowingyear,whichisdeterminedcomprehensivelyaccordingtothecompletiondateofthePPPandtheimplementationprogressofsoilandwaterconservationmeasures.

4.1.4Thenationalpolicyforsoilandwaterconservationshallbeimplementedinformulatingsoilandwaterconservationscheme,whichshallfollowtheprinciplesof"adjustmeasurestolocalconditions,applypreventionandcontrolmeasuresindifferentareas,takeoverallconsideration,payattentiontoecology,betechnicallyfeasibleandeconomicallyreasonable,linkupwithprincipalprojects,andcoordinatewithsurroundingenyironment".

4.2Investigationandsurvey

4.2.1Investigationitemsshallincludethebasicinformationofaproject,projectcomponentandlayout,constructionorganization,landoccupation,earthworkbalance,projectinvestment,constructionschedule,removalorresettlement,specialfacilitiesreconstructionorrelocation,andspoil(rock,dreg,flyash,mulock,tailings)duringproductionprocessanditsdisposalplan.Meanwhile,theinvestigation

shallsatisfythefollowingrequirements:

1Thebasicinformationofaprojectshallincludeprojectnameandlocation,constructionnatureandtask,engineeringgradeandscale,totalinvestmentandinvestmentforcivilworks,constructionperiod,etc

2Projectcomponentandengineeringlayoutshallincludethefollowingitems:

1)Basiccontentsof