安徽省芜湖市2023-2024 高二下学期第一次学情诊断英语试题

2023—2024学年高二下学期第一次学情检测英语试题考生注意：1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.【答案】C1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whenisitprobablyconvenientforthewomantoreceivetheorder?A.At5:30. B.At6:20. C.At6:40.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthewomansatisfiedwithaboutthehouse?A.Thekitchen. B.Thebedroom. C.Thefurniture.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatwillTeddointheperformance?A.Holdthedragonball. B.Actthedragonbody. C.Wavethedragonhead.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhydoesthegirlcometoMike?A.Tolearnabouthiscollection.B.Toaskhimaboutamuseum.C.Toinvitehimtoanexhibition.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theirkids’hobbies. B.Theirpastweekend. C.Anaturepark.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whogaveaspeechlastweek?A.Adoctor. B.Acook. C.Acomputerengineer.7.Whatwillnextweek’sspeechbeabout?A.Studyingcomputerscienceatwork.B.Plantingvegetablesinspace.C.Keepinghealthyinlife.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Wheredidtheboyprobablygolastnight?A.Toacinema. B.Toastadium. C.TotheGreens’.9.Whatwillthespeakersdothisafternoon?A.Finishtheirhomework. B.Dosomepart-timejobs. C.Takecareofalittleboy.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inazoo. B.Inasupermarket. C.Inanamusementpark.11.Whatdoestheboyweartoday?A.Awhiteshirt. B.Blackshorts. C.AblackT-shirt.12.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Makeanannouncement. B.Gotothepolicestation. C.Searchfortheboy.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife. B.Colleagues. C.Classmates.14.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutmostgamesinthemorning?AUnsatisfied. B.Excited. C.Worried.15.Whichpartdoesthemanlikebest?AThetrustgame. B.Thepersonalitytest. C.Therelayrace.16.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Haveabreak. B.Havelunch. C.Playanothergame.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.WhatdidthespeakerthinkofherlifeinGhana?A.Relaxing. B.Busy. C.Boring.18.Wheredidthebabybirdliketorest?A.Ontowels. B.Inatree. C.Inthespeaker’shand.19.Whydidn’tthespeakernamethebird?A.Shecouldn’tcomeupwithagoodone.B.Sheknewthebirdwouldfinallyleaveher.C.Sheconsidereditstrangetonameabird.20.Whatdidthespeakerdoafterthebirdflewaway?A.ShemovedbacktoEngland.B.Shemanagedtogetitback.C.Shewroteabookaboutit.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ALifeBookThereisnogreatergiftthatyoucangivetothenextgenerationsofyourfamilythanyourstory.How?Bysharingyourstoryintheformofaprivateautobiography(自传).LifeBook,providingafullrangeofservices,willunlockthoughtsandmemories,bringingthemtogetherinawaythatwillbeenjoyable,stimulatinganddeeplyrewarding,andcreateyourownautobiography,200pagesplus60ofyourownphotos.Yourbookin3simplesteps★RelivememoriesandstoriesYourpersonalinterviewerwillbeskilledintheartoflistening.Over12meetings,heorshewilllearnyourstory,helpingyourecallmemoriesinanenjoyableandstimulatingway.★Finishthemanuscript(初稿),completewithphotosEveryminuteofyourconversationswithourinterviewerisrecordedandthensharedwithyourdevotedwriter.Heorshewillworkwithyoutofinishamanuscriptyouarehappywith.★ShareyourlifestorywithlovedonesWhenthemanuscriptisdone,it’stimeforthefinalstageofproducingyourbook.Soon,10copiesofabeautifullybound,hardbackbookwillbedelivereddirectlytoyouandthefamilymembersyou’vechosentoreceivea“firstedition”.Thenenjoytheexcitementandprideofsharingyourveryownpersonalautobiographywithyourfamily,nowandforever.RememberandberememberedMyhopeisthatmygrandchildrenandthenextgenerationwillgetsomeofthevaluesthatareimportanttome.ItisthebestgiftIcouldhavegiventomyfamily.—JerrieRudd-BreenMychildrenandgrandchildrenwereamazedwhenIpresentedthemwiththebooks.Myeldestsonthenimmediatelyreadhiscopyfromcovertocover.—HarryGowStartyourstorytellingjourneyandpreserveyourlegacyintoyourveryownprivateautobiography!It’seasytogetstarted;calltodayon08009992280.21.WhatservicedoesLifeBookprovide?A.Recallingmemoriesinanenjoyingway. B.Chooseagreatgiftforone’sfamily.C.Improveone’sthinkingability. D.Writeabookaboutone’slife.22.Whichofthefollowingwillyoudointhesecondstep?A.Pickoutsixtyphotos. B.Rewriteyourmanuscript.C.Meetyourinterviewerforthelasttime. D.Recordyourconversationswithyourwriter.23.What’sthepurposeofthe“Rememberandberemembered”part?A.Tocallforcomments. B.Topromotesomewriters.C.Tosharesomegoodstories. D.ToattractcustomerstoLifeBook.BPhiloTaylorFarnsworthinventedthecurrentsystemoftelevisiontransmission(传输)andreceptionin1928,anditwasconsideredoneofthegreatscientificinventionsofthe20thcentury.Itwasremarkablebecausetheyounginventorhadjustcelebratedhis22ndbirthday.Farnsworthhaddesiredtobeaninventorsincetheageofsix.Farnsworthwasjust14whenhehadtheideaoftelevision.OnAugust261930,aboutadecadeafterfirsthavingtheideathatwasthebasisofhisinvention,hereceivedthepatent(专利)ontheelectronictelevisionsystem.Bytheendofhislife,hehadheldmorethan300patents.Farnsworthwasn’tthefirstpersontodreamuptelevision,buthewasthefirstpersontofindawaytomakeitworkwithoutamechanicalaspect.Thebiggestproblemthatinventorsfacedwashowtotransmitimagedata.Farnsworth’scentralinnovationwastoimagineawayofdoingitthatreliedonelectronictechnologyalone,andsowouldn’tbesloweddownbytheabilitiesofamechanicalimage-transmittingsystem.Farnsworthdreameduphisideawhilehewasdrivingahorse-drawnharrow(耙)onthefamily’snewfarminIdaho.Ashewasplowing(犁)apotatofieldinstraight,parallel(平行的)lines,hesawtelevision.Heimaginedasystemthatwouldbreakanimageintohorizontal(水平的)linesandputthoselinesbacktogetherintoapictureattheotherend.In1927,PhiloandhiswifeElmawatchedashemadethefirsttransmission:Ahorizontallinewastransmittedtoareceiverinthenextroom.Twoyearsafterthatfirsttransmission,FarnsworthsentanimageofElmaandherbrother,makingherthefirstwomanonTV.Farnsworththoughthisinventionhadrealisticprospects.“Ifwewereabletoseepeopleinothercountriesandlearnaboutourdifferences,whywouldtherebeanymisunderstandings?”heasked.“Warwouldbeathingofthepast.”24.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Farnsworthhadtheideaofinventingthetelevisionsincehewassix.B.ElmaandherbrotherwereonTVtogetherin1929.C.Farnsworthwasthefirstpersontodreamuptelevision.D.ThefirsttelevisioninventedbyFarnsworthappearedin1930.25.WhatwasthebiggestchallengeFarnsworthfacedwhendevelopingthesystemoftelevision?A.Howtorecognizethepicture.B.Howtomakethepictureclearer.C.Howtotransmitimagedatausingelectronictechnology.D.Howtoimprovetheabilitiesofthemechanicalimage-transmittingsystem.26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeFarnsworth’sprocessofinventingthesystemoftelevision?A.Practicemakesperfect. B.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.C.Natureisanendlesssourceofinspiration. D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.27.WhatdidFarnsworththinkofhisinvention?A.Itinspiredpeopletoliveacomfortablelife.B.Ithelpedclearupmisunderstandingsbetweenpeopleindifferentcountries.C.Itenabledpeopletounderstandwarsdeeply.D.Itencouragedustobecuriousabouttheoutsideworld.CForalltheimportanceweplaceonwords,whetherspokenorwritten,muchofthecommunicatingwedoonaregularbasiscomesthroughbodylanguage.AccordingtopioneeringresearchbyDr.AlbertMehrabian,only7percentofthemeaningfromhumancommunicationcomesfromtheactualspokenwordsused.Anadditional38percentcomesfrompeople’stoneofvoice,whilealarge55percentcomesfrombodylanguage.Researchershavelongidentifiedthatcertainkindsofbodymovementsandfacialexpressionscancommunicateinformationabouttheemotionswehappentobeexperiencingatthetime.Butaretheseemotionalsignalsshapedbydifferentculturesoraretheyuniversaltoallhumans?AnewresearcharticlepublishedinthejournalEmotionattemptstoanswerthisquestionthroughacross-culturalstudy.TheresearcherstraveledtoRatanakiri,CambodiatostudymembersofadistantKreunghilltribe(部落).LivinginCambodia’shighlands,theKreungarestilllargelyseparatedfromtheoutsideworldexceptforoccasionalvisitors.Theyhaveyettobeassimilated(同化)asmanyothersocietieshavebeen.Inthestudy,asetofvideoswerepreparedfeaturinganAmericanwoman,displayingthreepositiveemotions(happiness,loveandpride)andthreenegativeemotions(anger,fearandsadness)usingbodylanguagealone.Theeffectivenessofthesevideoswastestedusingthirty-fourAmericanparticipants.Thevideoswerethenpresentedtotwenty-sixKreungindividuals(elevenofwhomwerefemale).Theywereaskedtodescribetheemotionsbeingdisplayedintheirownwords.ResultsshowedthattheKreungparticipantstendedtobequiteaccurateinguessingwhichemotionswerebeingpresented.Theoverallaccuracyratewassixty-twopercentthoughtheiraccuracyindetectingspecificemotionssuchasangerandhappinesswasfarhigher.Overall,therewasnosignificantdiscrepancybetweenKreungandAmericanratersindetectingemotions,thoughAmericanparticipantsdidmuchbetterindetectingprideandlove.Still,thestudydoessuggestthatbodymovementscanexpressemotionssuchasanger,fear,sadnessandloveeventoindividualsbelongingtodifferentcultures.Emotionalsignalsreflectbasichumanneedsanddesiresthatallhumansshare.Learningmoreabouthowbasicbiologyandsocialfactorsshapethewaywecommunicatemaywellbeessentialinhelpingtounderstandourselvesbetter.28.WhyweretheKreungchoseninthestudy?A.Theyliveahardandpoorlife. B.Theymakealivingbydevelopingtourism.CTheyenjoyarelativelyunaffectedculture. D.Theyusebodylanguagealonetocommunicate.29.HowdoesthewriterdescribetheresultsofthestudyinParagraph5?A.Byusingpictures. B.Bytellingstories. C.Byanalyzingcauses. D.Bymakingcomparisons.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discrepancy”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Difference. B.Communication. C.Relation. D.Balance.31.Whatdidtheresearchersconcludefromthestudy?A.Emotionalsignalsareessentiallylanguages.B.Emotionalbodylanguagemaygobeyondculture.C.Humanssharealltheemotionalbodymovements.D.Biologyandsocialfactorsaffectbasichumanneedsanddesires.DTheincreaseinprimate(灵长类动物)ecotourismiscausingstress-relatedbehaviorsinmonkeys,accordingtoanewstudy.Thestudy,ledbytheUniversityofPortsmouth,lookedattheimpactofasingleenginemotorboatapproachingacommunityofproboscismonkeys(长鼻猴).Thosemonkeysareunusualwiththeirverylongnoses,whichmakesthemappealingtotourists.Andmanyoftheboatscarryingthetouristsapproachtheprimatesquicklyandloudly,oftenreachingtheriverbanksjustafewmetersawayfromthewildlife.Theresearchersconductedtheexperimentbyapproachingthemonkeysinamotorboatwithdifferentspeedsandtraveldistances—fast-close(approachingthemonkeysfor10secondswhen40metersawayataspeedof14.4km/hr),slow-close(approachingthemonkeyfor40secondswhen40metersawayataspeedof3.6km/hr),andslow-farconditions(approachingthemonkeysfor20secondswhen100metersaway,ataspeedof3.6km/hr).Theresultsshowedthatthemonkeysdisplayedstress-relatedbehaviorsforlongerinthefast-closeandslow-closeconditionsandalsoreducedfeedingasaresultoftheboatapproachinginthefast-closecondition.Oncetheboatstartedtoapproach,theproboscismonkeysshowedrepeatedscratching(挠)andoftenmovedquicklybackwardstohideinthetrees.Thiscouldpotentiallycausethemonkeystoleavetheirsafesleepingsitesandtogodeepintotheforestasitgetsdark,wheretheycouldfaceahigherriskofpredation(捕食行为).“Collectively,ourfindingssuggestthattheapproachofasinglemotorboatledtostressinproboscismonkeyswhentheywereapproachedascloselyas60metersfromtheothersideoftheriver,regardlessofthespeedofapproach,”saidDrMarinaDavila-Ross,leadauthorofthestudy.Theresearchersthusproposethatguidelinesforprimatetourismintheriversideareasshouldincludeanapproachspeedofnomorethan4km/hrwithin100metersoftheproboscismonkeys.Theysuggestitisalsoimportanttokeepadistance,preferablynocloserthan60metersaway,fromthemonkeys.“Suchinformationmightbehelpfulfortourists,allowingthemtomodify(修改)theirbehaviorswhenvisitingtheprimatesandwhenencouragingguidestofollowtheguidelines,”DrDavila-Rossadded.32.Whatdidtheresearchers’experimentshowaboutproboscismonkeys?A.Theyfoundtheslow-closeconditionmoststressful.B.Theytendedtogohuntingwhenfacedwithdanger.C.Theylosttheirsenseofsafetyatthesoundofmotorboats.D.Theylosttheirwayveryeasilyatthesightofmotorboats.33.Whatdotheresearchersadvisetouriststodo?A.Toapproachproboscismonkeyslessfrequently.B.Toavoidgettingtooclosetoproboscismonkeys.C.Toaskguidesformoreinformationaboutproboscismonkeys.D.Tobehavethemselveswhiletryingtofeedproboscismonkeys.34.Whichofthefollowingmaybethewriter’sattitudetowardsprimateecotourism?A.Concerns. B.Confidence. C.Disapproval. D.Disinterest.35.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.PrimateEcotourism:abetterunderstandingofprimatesB.PrimateEcotourism:gettingclosetotheprimatesC.PrimateEcotourism:theconservationofprimatesD.PrimateEcotourism:anegativeeffectonprimatebehavior第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Mostpeoplebelievethatpencilsaremadefromlead,butthisisn’tquitetrue.They’reactuallymadeofamineralcalledgraphite(石墨).___36___DuringthelateMiddleAges,inavillagecalledBorrowdale,inEngland,agroupoflocalssawafewuprootedtrees.___37___Oneofthemhadtheideathatthisdarksubstancecouldbeusedtomarksheepsoownerscouldrecordandtrackthem.Thisdiscoverybythosecuriouslocalspavedthewayforthemodernpencils.Youmaywonderwhysolidgraphitecanleaveitscolorbehind.___38___Graphiteismadeofcarbonlayers.Whenweuseitasapencil,thecarbonfromthepencilrubsoffandgetsdeposited(沉淀)ontothefibersofthepaper.Thesedepositedpiecessticktothefibersofthepaperandfirmlyremainthere.___39___Youcouldstainyourclothesandmakeyourhandsdirty.Later,peoplecameupwithsomeideas.Forexample,inthelateeighteenthcentury,anofficerinNapoleon’sarmydesignedthewoodenpencilsweseetoday.Heroastedamixtureofwater,clayandgraphiteatabout1,900°F.Afterthismixturecooleddown,heputitwithinalongwoodencovering.Thisishowthewoodenpencilcameintobeing.Whenyouwanttoremoveyourwriting,youneedtoturntoaneraser.Thefunctioningofaneraserisbasedonacommonprinciple.Erasinghappensbecauseofthefrictionthatdevelopsbetweentheerasermaterialandthepaper.Whenyourubaneraseronthepaper,theresultingfrictioncanproduceheat,whichhelpstheeraserbecomesticky,stickierthanthepaper.___40___A.Overtheyears,graphite’suseshavechangedalot.B.Dealingwithgraphitedirectlycancauseagreatmess.C.Thisfeatureisduetothephysicalqualityofgraphite.D.Whenthequantityofclayisincreased,thepencilbecomesharder.E.Afterfurtherinvestigation,theyfoundstrangedarkmatterunderneath.F.Therefore,itattractsthegraphitesubstancesfromthepencilontoitself.G.Thestoryofthediscoveryofgraphiteforuseasapencilisquiteinteresting.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。GameilWilliam-AllenisateacherinGlenmuirHigh.Sheoftentriesto___41___herstudentsbytellingherownstorytothemintheclassroom.Beingawareofthe___42___thatsomestudentsmightbefeeling___43___afternotscoringthegoodresultstheyhopedfor,Williams-Allendecidedtoshareherstoryoffour-time___44___,sotheycanmakeanotherattempt.“IattendedVereTechnicalHighatthetimeandwhenIjust___45___thesubjectsthatIliked,Iremembermyteachertellingme,‘Girl,youaregoingtobe___46___notdoingmathsandEnglishinschool,’”sherecalled.Reality___47___Williams-AllenWhensheappliedtoacollegeandwastoldsheneededapassinmathsandEnglishtobe___48___.So,forfouryears,sheattendedeveningclasses,sittingandresittingthetwoexamsbutshefailedinthefour___49___.“Onthefifthgo,Imadeupmymind___50___IrealizedthatifIdidn’tpassmathsandEnglish,Iwouldnotbeableto___51___mydream,”sheshared.“SoIputinevenmore___52___,andstudyharder.”___53___,shepassedtheexamsandwenttocollege.Shealwaysencouragesherstudentsbytellingherownstory.“Ijustwanteverystudenttobe___54___andknowthatasteachers,wedomakemistakesandwedofail.Sonomatterhowlowyouare,youcan___55___justlikeme.”41.A.motivate B.inform C.define D.reflect42.A.academy B.difference C.reality D.principle43.A.accessible B.astonished C.puzzled D.disappointed44.A.ceremonies B.failures C.dangers D.adventures45.A.mastered B.designed C.chose D.completed46.A.regretful B.pleased C.forgetful D.grateful47.A.confused B.struck C.changed D.assisted48.A.identified B.rejected C.rewarded D.accepted49.A.experiments B.issues C.attempts D.courses50.A.because B.until C.unless D.though51.A.obtain B.achieve C.highlight D.admit52.A.effort B.love C.support D.chance53.A.Naturally B.Eagerly C.Gradually D.Eventually54.A.friendly B.sincere C.honest D.confident55.A.hangback B.buildup C.getaway D.holdup第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。SilkwasinventedinChinain3000BC.ItwaswellintegratedintotheChineseeconomyduringtheHanDynasty,___56___plainsilksandproductsofpeasanthouseholdswereusedasthemainformoftaxpaidtothegovernment.Fancysilkclotheswerewornbythewealthy___57___symbolsofstatusfromtheHanDynastyon.Womenplayed___58___majorroleintheproductionofthisvitalproduct.Inmanyhouseholds,thelaborioustaskofraisingthesilkworms(蚕)originally___59___(restrict)towomen.Producingsilkisa___60___(relative)lengthyprocessanddemandsconstantcloseattention.Thewormsneedacertaindegreeof___61___(warm)tosurvive.Sometimesthetinyeggsweresewnintolittlecottonbagsandwornbeneaththeclothes.Whenhatched(孵出),theymightbeplacedinshallowbasketsoronshelvesinthehouse___62___fedfreshmulberryleavesnightandday.Whentheybecamecocoons(茧),dippingthemintohotwatertoloosenthetightlywovenfilaments(细丝)andthen___63___(wind)thesefilamentsontoaspool(线轴)___64___(produce)thesilkthreadswovenintoclothwerealso____65____(woman)work.Today,silkfactoriesstillmainlyemploywomenforthesetasks.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)66.假设你是李华，你校英国交换Michael请你给他推荐一名羽毛球搭档。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：(1)写邮件的目的；(2)介绍所推荐的羽毛球搭档；(3)约定双方见面的时间和地点。注意：(1)写作词数应为80左右；(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearMichael,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节(满分25分)67.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。MywifeandIwereatawonderfulbirthdaycelebrationyesterdayforadearfamilyfriend,andthepar