食品安全及应对(全解版)-2023年高考英语名校试题热点重点话题

2023年高考英语名校试题热点重点话题精选

精选05食品安全及应对

1热点介绍

随着经济的全球化，食品安全日益成为备受关注的热门话题。近几年来，世界上一些国家和地区食品

安全的恶性事件不断发生，随着食品加工过程中化学品和新技术的广泛使用，新的食品安全问题不断涌现。

尽管现代科技己发展到了相当水平，但食源性疾病不论在发达国家还是发展中国家，都没有得到有效的控

制，仍然严重地危害着人民的健康，成为当今世界各国最关注的卫生问题之一。

民以食为天，食以安为先。食品是人类赖以生存和发展的最基本的物质条件，食品安全涉及人类最基

本权利的保障。在我国国民经济中，食品工业占有重要的地位。随着我国经济的不断发展，食品种类越来

越丰富，产品数量供给充足有余，在满足食品需求供给平衡的同时，食品质量安全问题越来越突出。假冒

伪劣食品频频被曝光，危害消费者身体健康和生命安全的群发性事件时有发生，食品安全问题己成为全国

消费者关注的焦点。

食品安全指食品无毒、无害，符合应当有的营养要求，对人体健康不造成任何急性、亚急性或者慢

性危害。根据倍诺食品安全定义，食品安全是“食物中有毒、有害物质对人体健康影响的公共卫生问题”。

题型精选

序号题型主要内容

1阅读理解欧盟允许重新使用昆虫饲料喂养动物并鼓励人类食用昆虫

2阅读理解研究表明孩子们更有可能喜欢天然的食物

3阅读理解实验结果表明甜味剂增加癌症风险是不确定的

4阅读理解消费者要注意判断产品推广是否是真实的

5七选五机上食物尝起来没有味道的原因

6完形填空雨林的消失产生了多个恶果

一、阅读理解

1

（2022•贵州黔南•高三开学考试）Firstitwaspets,thenfish.Nowit'schickensandpigs.Thelistofanimals

allowedtofeedoninsectsisgrowing.AnewEUlawpermittingtheuseofinsectproteininchickenandpigfeed

cameintoforceearlierthismonth,animportantmilestoneforanindustrydeterminedtowormitswayintothe

animal-feedbusiness.

Sinceabanonprocessedanimalproteinwascarriedoutin2001becauseofthe“madcow“disease,soybean

andfishmealhavebecomethebasisofanimalfeedinEurope.Buttheirproductionneedslotsofspaceandcanbe

harmfultotheenvironment,soteedproducersarelookingforotherways.

Insectsarejusttheticket.Theyareraisedinfarmsthatrequirelittlelandorwater,andtheycanbefedon

agriculturalby-productsorfoodwastesuchasrottingfruitandvegetables.They'realsoanaturalfit.Mostwildfish,

birdsandpigseatinsects.

Theonethinggoingagainstthemisprice.Insectproteinistwotothreetimesmoreexpensivethanfishmeal

andsoybean.Increasingproductionmayhelpreducethedifference.Rabobank,aDutchlender,predictsthatglobal

insectproductionwillreach500,000tonnesayearby2030,upfromjust10,000tonnescurrently,andthatprices

willtumble.

Insectcompanieshaveworkedhardontheirbusiness.Researchsuggestsinsectsmaybemorethanmerefeed,

promotinggrowthratesandimmunesystemsaswellasfillingstomachs.Theyalsooffertheprospect（前景）ofa

green,localprotein.

ThisyeartheEuropeanFoodSafetyAgencyhasruledthatthreespeciesofinsects,yellowmealworm,locusts

andhousecrickets,aresafeforhumanstoeataswell.Strangely,peopleseemlessinterestedintheideathan

chickensandpigs.

I.Whydidsoybeanandfishmealbecomelessandlesspopular?

A.Theycancause“madcow^^disease.B.Theyareforbiddentoproduce.

C.Theymaydoharmtoenvironment.D.Theyareagriculturalby-products.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"tumble“inParagraph4probablymean?

A.remainuncertainB.keepsteadyC.goupD.godown

3.Whatdoesthefifthparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A.Theusagesofinsects.B.Thespeciesofinsects.

C.Thecompaniesofinsects.D.Immunesystemsofinsects.

4.Whatispeople'sattitudetowardtheinsectprotein?

A.Objective.B.Positive.C.Unconcerned.D.Curious.

【答案】l.c2.D3.A4.C

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍欧盟允许重新使用昆虫饲料喂养动物并鼓励人类食用昆虫，并说明

此举原因及好处。

1.细节理解题。根据第二段“Sinceabanonprocessedanimalproteinwascarriedoutin2001becauseofthe"mad

cow“disease,soybeanandfishmealhavebecomethebasisofanimalfeedinEurope.Buttheirproductionneeds

lotsofspaceandcanbeharmfultotheenvironment,sofeedproducersarelookingforotherways.”（2001年“疯牛

病”危机爆发后，政府便禁止加工动物蛋白，而大豆和鱼粉成为欧洲制作动物饲料的主要来源。但生产大豆

和鱼粉需要大量空间，对环境也不友好，所以饲料制造商正在寻找替代品。）可知，生产大豆和鱼粉对环境

有害，所以大豆和鱼粉越来越不受欢迎，饲料制造商正在寻找替代品。故选C项。

2.词句猜测题。结合语意，根据第四段的第二、三句"Insectproteinistwotothreetimesmoreexpensivethan

fishmealandsoybean.Increasingproductionmayhelpreducethedifference.”（昆虫蛋白的价格比鱼粉和大豆高

出2到3倍。或许扩大产量有助于缩小差距。）可知，扩大产量有助于降低昆虫蛋白的价格。根据第四段的

第四句中的“globalinsectproductionwillreach500,000tonnesayearby2030,upfromjust10,000tonnes

currcntly^^（至lj2030年，每年全球昆虫的产量将从目前的1万吨增加至50万吨）可知，昆虫产量将会扩大，

由此推知，昆虫蛋白的价格将会下降。所以“tumble”的意思为“下降”。A.remainuncertain依旧不稳定；B.keep

steady保持稳定;C.goup上升;D.godown下降。所以D项与“tumble”语义一致。故选D项。

3.段落大意题。根据第五段“Insectcompanieshaveworkedhardontheirbusiness.Researchsuggestsinsectsmay

bemorethanmerefeed,promotinggrowthratesandimmunesystemsaswellasfillingstomachs.Theyalsooffer

theprospect（前景）ofagreen,localprotein.”（昆虫公司一直在努力推销自己的产品。研究表明，昆虫不止是

饲料，除了能够填饱肚子外，它们还能够加快发育速度、增强免疫力。它们开创了一种绿色的本地蛋白质

的未来。）可知，第五段主要介绍了昆虫的用途：饲料、充饥、加快发育速度和增强免疫力。故选A项。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句"Strangely,peopleseemlessinterestedintheideathanchickensand

pigs.”（奇怪的是，相比食用鸡肉和猪肉，人们似乎对食用昆虫这个想法没有那么感兴趣。）可知，人们对昆

虫蛋白的态度是不关心。故选C项。

2

（2022•云南昆明•高三开学考试）Childrenaremorelikelytopreferfoodstheybelievetobenaturalto

human-madeoptions,ratingthemhigherfbrtastiness,safetyanddesirability,astudyshows.

ResearchersattheUniversitiesofEdinburghandYalestudiedthepreferencesofmorethan374adultsand

childrenintheUnitedSlateswhenpresentedwithapplesandorangejuiceandtoldoftheirorigins.

Inonestudy,137childrenaged6to10yearsoldwereshownthreeapples.Theyweretoldonewasgrownona

farm,onewasmadeinalab,andanothergrownonatreeinsidealab.Adultstookpartinthesamestudyto

compareagegroups.Bothchildrenandadultspreferredapplestheybelievedweregrownonfarmstothosegrown

inlabs,researchersfound.Childrenweremorelikelytorefertofreshness,beingoutside,orsunlightwhen

consideringwhytheychosethefarmapple.Adultsweremorelikelytomentionnaturalness.

Inasecondstudy,85childrenaged5to7yearsoldandagroupof64adultswereshownfourdifferentkinds

oforangejuice-onedescribedassqueezedonafarm,onewithnoinformationaboutit,onewithchemicals

removedandonedescribedashavingchemicalsadded.Researchersfoundthattheinformationonthejuice's

naturalnesshadasignificanteffectonitsrating.Theparticipantstendedtochoosethemorenaturaloptionbasedon

perceivedtaste,safetyanddesiretoconsume.

DrMattiWilksoftheUniversityofEdinburgh'sSchoolofPhilosophy,PsychologyandLanguageSciences

said,"Overallweprovideevidencethatourtendencytoprefernaturalfoodispresentinchildhood.Thisresearch

offersafirststeptowardsunderstandinghowthesepreferencesareformed,includingwhethertheyaresocially

learnedandwhatdrivesourtendencytoprefernaturalthings.”

5.Howdidresearchersdrawtheirconclusion?

A.Bydoingexperiments.B.Byanalyzingreasons.

C.Bytestingchildren'stastes.D.Bystudyingdifferentfruits.

6.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthetwostudiesmentionedinthetext?

A.Adultspreferapplestoorangejuice.B.Chemicalsdoharmtoeaters?health.

C.Naturalnessattractsdifferentagegroups.D.Labsarewherefruitscanbeeasilyplanted.

7.WhafsDrWilks,attitudetowardthestudy?

A.Doubtful.B.Tolerant.C.Uncaring.D.Positive.

8.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhichtoChoose,ApplesorOrangeJuice?

B.WheretoGrowFruits,onFarmsorinLabs?

C.NaturalFoodIsMoreMouth-wateringtoChildren

D.DifferentAgeGroupsShowDifferentPreferences

【答案】5.A6.B7.D8.C

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现，孩子们更有可能喜欢天然的食物，而不是人造的

食品。

5.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ResearchersattheUniversitiesofEdinburghandYalestudiedthepreferencesof

morethan374adultsandchildrenintheUnitedStateswhenpresentedwithapplesandorangejuiceandtoldof

theirorigins.（爱丁堡大学和耶鲁大学的研究人员研究了美国374名成年人和儿童在被告知苹果和橙汁的来

源时的偏好。户以及第三段和第四段内容可知，研究人员通过做实验得出结论的。故选A。

6.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Inasecondstudy,85childrenaged5to7yearsoldandagroupof64adults

wereshownfourdifferentkindsoforangejuice—onedescribedassqueezedonafarm,onewithnoinformation

aboutit,onewithchemicalsremovedandonedescribedashavingchemicalsadded.（在第二项研究中，85名5至

7岁的儿童和一组64名成年人被展示了四种不同的橙汁——•种描述为在农场榨取的橙汁，一种没有相关

信息，一种不含化学物质，还有一种描述为添加了化学物质。）"和"Theparticipantstendedtochoosethemore

naturaloptionbasedonperceivedtaste,safetyanddesiretoconsume.（参与者倾向于根据感知至ij的味道、安全性

和消费欲望选择更自然的选项。）“可推断，化学物质对食客的健康有害。故选B。

7.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“DrMattiWilksoftheUniversityofEdinburgh'sSchoolofPhilosophy,

PsychologyandLanguageSciencessaid,“Overallweprovideevidencethatourtendencytoprefernaturalfoodis

presentinchildhood.Thisresearchoffersafirststeptowardsunderstandinghowthesepreferencesareformed,

includingwhethertheyaresociallylearnedandwhatdrivesourtendencytoprefernaturalthings.”（爱丁堡大学哲

学、心理学和语言科学学院的马蒂・威尔克斯博士说：“总的来说，我们提供的证据表明，我们在童年时期就

有偏爱天然食物的倾向。”这项研究为理解这些偏好是如何形成的迈出了第一步，包括它们是否来自社会学

习，以及是什么驱使我们倾向于偏好自然事物。可推断，威尔克斯博士对这项研究的态度是积极的。故

选D。

8.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Childrenaremorelikelytopreferfoodstheybelievetobenaturalto

human-madeoptions,ratingthemhigherfortastiness,safetyanddesirability,astudyshows.（——项研究显示，孩子

们更有可能喜欢他们认为是天然的食物，而不是人造的选择，在味道、安全性和吸引力方面给它们的评分

更高。『可知，文章主要介绍了研究发现，孩子们更有可能喜欢天然的食物，而不是人造的食品。所以“Natural

FoodIsMoreMouth-wateringtoChildren（天然食物更让孩子垂涎三尺）”作为文章标题最为合适。故选Co

3

（2022•内蒙古・满洲里市教研培训中心三模）Sweeteners（甜味剂）areconsumedbymillionseverydayin

productslikedietsoda,partlyasawaytoavoidweightgainfromsugar-buthowhealthythesesubstitutesarehas

longbeencontroversial.

Toassessthecancerriskofsweeteners,researchersanalysedthedataofmorethan100,000peopleinFrance

whoself-reportedtheirdiet,lifestyleandmedicalhistoryinintervalsbetween2009-2021.

“Theparticipantswhoconsumedthelargestamountofsweeteners,beyondthemiddleamount,hadan

increasedcancerriskof13percentcomparedtonon-consumers,“saidMathildeTouvier,researchdirectorat

France'sINSERMinstitute.

Thestudysaidthatahighercancerriskwasparticularlyseenwithsweetenersaspartame（阿巴斯甜）and

acesulfamepotassium（安赛蜜），usedinmanysoftdrinksincludingCokeZero.Softdrinksaccountedformorethan

halfoftheartificialsweetenersconsumed,whiletable-topsweetenersrepresented29percent.

Thestudyfoundthat"higherriskswereobservedforbreastcancerandobesity-relatedcancers”.Touviersaid

“wecannottotallyexcludebiaseslinkedtothelifestyleofconsumers”,callingforfurtherresearchtoconfirmthe

study'sresults.

TheUSNationalCancerInstituteandCancerResearchUKbothsaythatsweetenersdonotcausecancer,and

theyhavebeenauthorisedforusebytheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority.MichaelJonesofTheInstituteofCancer

Research,Londonsaidthatthelinkreportedinthestudywas“notproofthatartificialsweetenerscausecancer”.

Hesaidthefindingscouldsuggestthat“cancerriskmayberaisedinthetypeofpersonwhousesartificial

sweetenerratherthanthesweeteneritself.95

Thursday'sfindingsalsodonotmeanconsumersshouldrushbacktosugarydrinks-aformerstudyfoundthat

theywerealsolinkedtoahigherriskofseveralcancertypes.

9.Whydopeopleprefertochooseproductswithsweeteners?

A.Theseproductsarecheapinprice.

B.Sweetenersusedinthemaretotallysafe.

C.Sweetenersinthemhelppeoplenottoputonweight.

D.Theseproductshavebettertastethanthosewithsugar.

10.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudy?

A.Scientistsmainlyfocusonsweetenersusedinsoftdrinks.

B.Thefindingswerenotsupportedbyallscientistsandinstitutes.

C.Thedatawascollectedonalargescalefornomorethantenyears.

D.Theintakeofsweetenerscanleadto13%participantsfacingcancerrisk.

11.WhichofthefollowingwouldMichaelJonesagreewith?

A.Artificialsweetenersshouldn'tbeusedcautiously.

B.Drinkingmuchdietsodawillbringinlowerriskofcancer.

C.Peopleshouldtakeinfoodwithsugarinsteadofsweeteners.

D.Cancerriskmayhavemuchtodowiththelifestyleofpeople.

12.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Sweetenersincreasingcancerrisk:notforsure

B.Thefutureofemployingartificialsweeteners

C.Timetorushbacktosugarydrinks

D.Alarge-scalestudyonsweeteners

【答案】9.C10.B11.D12.A

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过几项不同实验结果表明甜味剂增加癌症风险这是不确定的。

9.细节理解题。根据第一段“Sweeteners（甜味齐lj）areconsumedbymillionseverydayinproductslikedietsoda,

partlyasawaytoavoidweightgainfromsugar（每天数百万人饮食中摄入甜味剂，比如苏打水等产品，部分原因

是为了避免糖分的摄入导致体重增加）“可知，人们选择食用甜味剂目的是避免体重的增加。故选C。

10.推理判断题。根据第五段“wecannottotallyexcludebiaseslinkedtothelifestyleofconsumers”,callingfor

furtherresearchtoconfirmthestudy'sresults（我们不能完全排除与消费者生活方式有关的偏见，并呼吁进一步

研究来证实该研究的结果）”可知，对于这一研究的结论需要进一步证实，由此推断并非所有科学家和机构都

认可这一结论。故选B。

11.推理判断题。根据第二段“Toassessthecancerriskofsweeteners,researchersanalysedthedataofmorethan

100,000peopleinFrancewhoself-repoiledtheirdiet,lifestyleandmedicalhistoryinintervalsbetween

2009-2021.”（为了评估甜味剂的癌症风险，研究人员分析了法国10多万人的数据，这些人在2009-2021期

间自我报告了自己的饮食、生活方式和病史。）根据第六段“MichaelJonesofTheInstituteofCancerResearch,

Londonsaidthatthelinkreportedinthestudywas“notproofthatartificialsweetenerscausecancer^^.^^（伦敦癌症

研究所的迈克尔・琼斯说，研究报告中的联系“并不能证明人造甜味剂会致癌”）根据第七段“Hesaidthe

findingscouldsuggestthat"cancerriskmayberaisedinthetypeofpersonwhousesartificialsweetenerrather

thanthesweeteneritself.（他说，研究结果可能表明，“使用人造甜味剂而不是甜味剂本身的人患癌症的风险可

能会增加广可知，MichaelJones认为癌症风险可能与人们的生活方式有很大关系。故选D。

12.主旨大意题。根据第一段"Sweeteners（甜味剂）areconsumedbymillionseverydayinproductslikedietsoda,

partlyasawaytoavoidweightgainfromsugar-buthowhealthythesesubstitutesarehaslongbeen

comroversiaK每天数百万人饮食中摄入甜味剂，比如苏打水等产品,部分原因是为了避免糖分的摄入导致体重

增加，但是这些替代品有多健康一直是有争议的）”根据第二段“Toassessthecancerriskofsweeteners,

researchersanalysedthedataofmorethan100,000peopleinFrancewhoself-reportedtheirdiet,lifestyleand

medicalhistoryinintervalsbetween2009-2021.”（为了评估甜味剂的癌症风险，研究人员分析了法国10多万

人的数据，这些人在2009-2021期间自我报告了自己的饮食、生活方式和病史。）根据第六段“TheUSNational

CancerInstituteandCancerResearchUKbothsaythatsweetenersdonotcausecancer,andtheyhavebeen

authorisedforusebytheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority.”（美国国家癌症研究所和英国癌症研究所都表示，

甜味剂不会导致癌症，而且它们已经得到了欧洲食品安全局的批准。）可知，虽然人们食用大量甜味剂，但

实际这些甜味剂是否会增加癌症的风险还不确定。所以短文的最佳标题为“甜味剂增加癌症风险这是不确

定故选A。

4

（2022•天津市新华中学模拟预测）“InonlysixdaysIlostsevenpoundsofweight.”"Twofullinchesinthe

firstthreedays!”

Thesearethekindsofstatementsusedinmagazine,newspaper,radioandtelevisionads,promisingnew

shapesandnewlookstothosewhobuythemedicineorthedevice.Thepromotersofproductssaytheycanshape

thelegs,slimtheface,smoothwrinkles,orinsomeotherwaytoaddtobeautyordesirability.

Oftensuchproductsarenothingmorethanmoneymakingthingsfortheirpromoters.Theresultstheyproduce

arequestionable,andsomearedangeroustohealth.

Tounderstandhowtheseproductscanbelegallypromotedtothepublic,itisnecessarytounderstand

somethingofthelawscoveringtheirregulation.Iftheproductisadrug,FDA（FoodandDrugAdministration）can

requireproofundertheFood,Drug,andCosmeticActthatissafeandeffectivebeforeitisputonthemarket.Butif

theproductisadevice,FDAhasnoauthoritytorequirepremarketingproofofsafetyoreffectiveness.Ifaproduct

alreadyonthemarketisadangertohealth,FDAcanrequesttheproducerordistributortoremoveitfromthe

marketvoluntarily,oritcantakelegalaction,includingseizure（查封）oftheproduct.

OnenotablecaseafewyearsagoinvolvedanelectricaldevicecalledtheRelaxacisor,whichhadbeensoldfor

reducingthewaistline（腰围）.TheRelaxacisorproducedelectricalshockstothebodythroughcontactpads.FDA

tooklegalactionagainstthedistributortostopthesaleofthedeviceonthegroundsthatitwasdangeroustohealth

andlife.

Obviously,mostofthedevicesonthemarkethaveneverbeenthesubjectofcourtproceedings（法律诉讼）,

andnewdevicesappearcontinually.Beforebuying,itisuptotheconsumertojudgethesafetyoreffectivenessof

suchitems.

13.Itcanbeinferredthatadsmentionedinthetextare.

A.objectiveB.costlyC.illegalD.unreliable

14.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

A.Thecourtisinchargeofremovingdangerousproduct.

B.Newproductsaremorelikelytobequestionable.

C.Thepromotersusuallyjustcareaboutprofits.

D.TheproductionofadevicemustbeapprovedbyFDA.

15.FDAcanaskfortheproofofsafetyandeffectivenessofaproduct.

A.ifitisadeviceB.ifitisadrug

C.ifitsconsumersmakecomplaintsD.ifitsdistributorschallengeFDA'sauthority

16.Theauthorintendsto.

A.makeconsumersawareofthepromoters'falsepromises

B.showtheweaknessofthelawonproductsafety

C.giveadviceonhowtokeepyoungandbeautiful

D.introducetheorganizationofFDA

【答案】13.D14.C15.B16.A

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是消费者要注意判断产品推广是否是真实的。

13.推理判断题。根据第三段的“Oftensuchproductsarenothingmorethanmoneymakingthingsfortheir

promoters4通常情况下，这类产品对他们的推广者来说只不过是赚钱的工具。）''可推断出，文中提到的广告

是不可靠的，即unreliable,故选D。

14.细节理解题。根据第三段的“Oftensuchproductsarenothingmorethanmoneymakingthingsfortheir

promoters4通常情况下，这类产品对他们的推广者来说只不过是赚钱的工具。）“可知，推广者通常只关心利

润，即Thepromotersusuallyjustcareaboutprofits,故选C°

15.细节理解题。根据第四段的“Iftheproductisadrug,FDA（FoodandDrugAdministration）canrequireproof

undertheFood,Drug,andCosmeticActthatissafeandeffectivebeforeitisputonthemarket.（如果该产品是——

种药物，FDA（食品和药物管理局）可以要求根据《食品、药物和化妆品法》证明其安全有效，然后才将其投

放市场。厂可知，如果是一种药物，FDA可以要求证明产品的安全性和有效性。故选B。

16.推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段的“Oftensuchproductsarenothingmorethanmoneymakingthingsfor

theirpromoters.Theresultstheyproducearequestionable,andsomearedangeroustohealth.（通常'情况下,这类产

品对他们的推广者来说只不过是赚钱的工具。它们产生的结果是可疑的，有些对健康有害。广和最后一段的

''Beforebuying,itisuptotheconsumertojudgethesafetyoreffectivenessofsuchitems.（在购买之前，由消费者

来判断这些商品的安全性或有效性。）“可知，本文作者的目的是想让消费者注意虚假的推广，故选A。

二、七选五

（2022•山东・济南市历城第二中学模拟预测）WhyDoesFoodTasteBadOnAirplanes?

Howmanytimeshaveyoucomplainedaboutairlinefoodbeingtasteless?Accordingtopopularlyaccepted

studies,thereasonmightbeachangeinourabilitytoperceivetaste.17Lefsgetintotheactualdetails

beforeyougetoffended.

TheCabinAiris15%DrierThantheAirontheGround

Tomaintainthepressureinsidethecabin,airlinesmustcloselyregulatetheairinside,involvingchangingits

composition.Theairinsideairplanecabinsisfarmoredrythantheairwebreatheontheground.18Inan

environmentlikethis,yourpowersoftasteandsmellbegintodriftaway.

ThePressureInsidetheCabinisLowerThanontheGround

Inthepressurizedcabinapassenger'sbodilyfluidswillmoveupwardsandthenasalcavities（鼻月空）swell.

Theswellingmesseswithourtastebuds,makingthefoodtasteunappealing.Youmightknowhowdininginsuch

conditionsfeel,sincewe'veallfoughtcoldsinthepast.19

20

Badfoodcan'tbeblamedmerelyonthein-cabinconditionstoo.It'salsopossiblethatthefoodisactuallybad.

Duetofoodsafetystandards,allmealsmustbecookedonthegroundandunbreakable.Suchrequirementsformass

productiondefinitelytiesdowntheChef'shands.

Whatcanbedone?

21Apparently,chefshavebeentryingtoadaptrecipesinhowfoodtastesathighaltitudes.Everyone

needstobepatientuntilbettersolutionsformassfoodproductionarefound.

A.Themethodoffoodproductionisdifferent.

B.Themassproductionoffoodistoblame.

C.Insomecases,it'sevendrierthancertaindeserts.

D.Asickpersonisfarfromthebestjudgeoffoodquality.

E.Thatmakesitourbody'sfault,ratherthantheairlines.

F.Butthatdoesn'tmeanmealsservedonairplanescan'ttastejustasgood.

G.Basically,wecan'tusethesamerecipesforairlinemealsthatwewoulduseontheground.

【答案】17.E18.C19.D20.A21.G

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了飞机上食物尝起来没有味道的原因。

17.根据上文“Howmanytimeshaveyoucomplainedaboutairlinefoodbeingtasteless?”（你有多少次抱怨航空

食品无味？）可知，我们时常抱怨飞机上食物寡淡无味。MSl^thereasonmightbeachangeinourabilityto

perceivetaste（原因可能是我们感知味道的能力发生/变化）”可知，这可能是我们自身的原因，而不是食物的

问题。故选E项。

18.根据上文“Theairinsideairplanecabinsisfarmoredrythantheairwebreatheontheground.^^（机舱内的空

气比我们在地面上呼吸的空气干燥得多。）可知，机舱内的空气更干燥些，再根据后文“Inanenvironmentlike

this,yourpowersoftasteandsmellbegintodriftaway."（在这样的环境中，你的味觉和嗅觉能力开始消失。）

可知，味觉和嗅觉的能力都开始消失，说明干燥的程度很严重，因此，设空处可进一步描述干燥的程度。C

项”在某些情况下，它甚至比某些沙漠还要干燥“进一步补充空气的干燥程度，符合语境。故选C项。

19.根据上文“Inthepressurizedcabinapassenger'sbodilyfluidswillmoveupwardsandthenasalcavitiesswell.

Theswellingmesseswithourtastebuds,makingthefoodtasteunappealing.Youmightknowhowdininginsuch

conditionsffeel,sincewe'veallfbughtcoldsinthepast."（在压力舱中,乘客的体液会向上移动，鼻腔会肿胀。

肿胀扰乱了我们的味蕾，使食物的味道变得毫无吸引力。你可能知道在这样的条件下吃饭的感觉，因为我

们都曾与感冒作过斗争。）可知，上文部分解释了这与舱内的压力使得味蕾、鼻腔都发生变化有关。这种情

况跟我们感冒时吃东西总感觉没有味道的情况类似。由此可知，我们不能根据自身原因来评判食物。故D

项“一个病人远不是食品质量的最佳评判者。”符合语境。故选D项。

20.设空处小标题处，可起到概括总结的作用。根据下文“Badfoodcan'tbeblamedmerelyonthein-cabin

conditionstoo.It'salsopossiblethatthefoodisactuallybad.Duetofoodsafetystandards,allmealsmustbe

cookedonthegroundandunbreakable.”（糟糕的食物也不能仅仅川咎于机舱内的状况。也有可能食物实际上

是坏的。根据食品安全标准，所有的饭菜都必须在地上烹调，而且不易碎。）可知，舱内生产食物的方式跟

一般情况是有所不同的。故选A项。

21.根据后文“Apparently,chefshavebeentryingtoadaptrecipesinhowfoodtastesathighaltitudes.Everyone

needstobepatientuntilbettersolutionsformassfoodproductionarefound."（显然，厨师们一直在努力调整食

谱，以适应高海拔地区食物的口味。在找到更好的大规模食品生产解决方案之前，每个人都需要耐心。）可

知，我们不能在飞机上使用与地面上相同的食谱，所以厨师着手改进配方。G项“基本上，我们不能使用与

地面上相同的航空餐点食谱。”符合语境。故选G项。

三、完形填空

（2022•上海市松江二中高三阶段练习）Thebeauty,majesty,andtimelessnessofaprimaryrainforestare

indescribable.Itisimpossibleto22onfilm,todescribeinwords,ortoexplaintothosewhohavenever

hadtheawe-inspiringexperienceofstandingintheheartofaprimaryrainforest.

Rainforestshave23overmillionsofyearstoturnintotheincrediblycomplexenvironmentstheyare

today.Rainforestsrepresentastoreoflivingand24renewablenaturalresourcesthatforages,byvirtueof

theirrichnessinbothanimalandplantspecies,have25-awealthofresourcesforthesurvivaland

well-beingofhumankind.Theseresourceshaveincludedbasicfoodsupplies,clothing,shelter,fuel,spices,

industrialrawmaterials,andmedicineforallthosewhohavelivedinthemajestyoftheforest.26,the

innerdynamicsofatropicalrainforestisanintricate（错综复杂的）andfragilesystem.Everythingisso

27thatupsettingonepartcanleadtounknowndamageorevendestructionofthewhole.Sadly,ithas

takenonlyacenturyofhumaninterventiontodestroywhatnaturedesignedto28forever.

Thescaleofhuman29onecosystemseverywherehasincreasedenormouslyinthelastfewdecades.

Since1980theglobaleconomyhastripledinsizeandtheworldpopulationhasincreasedby30percent.

Consumptionofeverythingontheplanethasrisen—atacostofour30.In2001,TheWorldResources

Instituteestimatedthatthedemandforrice,wheat,andcornisexpectedtogrowby40%by2020,increasing

irrigationwaterdemandsby50%ormore.Theyfurtherreportedthatthedemandforwoodcoulddoublebythe

year2050;31.itisstillthetropicalforestsoftheworldthatsupplythebulkoftheworld'sdemandfor

wood.

In1950,about15percentoftheEarth,slandsurfacewascoveredbyrainforest.Today,morethanhalfhas

alreadygoneupin32.Infewerthanfiftyyears,morethanhalfoftheworld'stropicalrainforestshave

fallen33tofireandthechainsaw,andtherateofdestructionisstillaccelerating.Unbelievably,more

than200,000acresofrainforestareburnedeveryday.Thatismorethan150acreslosteveryminuteofeveryday,

and78millionacreslosteveryyear!Morethan20percentoftheAmazonrainforestisalreadygone,andmuch

moreisseverelythreatenedasthedestructioncontinues.ItisestimatedthattheAmazonaloneisvanishingatarate

of20,000squaremilesayear.Ifnothingisdonetocurb（抑制）this34theentireAmazoncouldwellbe

gonewithinfiftyyears.

Massive35bringswithitmanyuglyconsequences——airandwaterpollution,soilerosion,malaria

epidemics,thereleaseofcarbondioxideintotheatmosphereandthe36ofbiodiversitythroughextinction

ofplantsandanimals.Fewerrainforestsmeanlessrain,lessoxygenforustobreathe,andanincreasedthreatfrom

globalwarming.

22.A.maintainB.captureC.claimD.prove

23.A.changedB.evolvedC.expandedD.existed

24.A.energizingB.healing