中考英语二轮复习讲练测-专题16 短文填空（首字母自由填空选词杂糅）（讲练）（含答案与解析）

专题16短文填空（首字母，选词填空，自由填词，杂糅）短文填空是中考英语试卷最难题目之一，它的分值是10-15分，分为10个小题。短文填空一般在一篇200~250字左右的故事性短文中挖出10个空，要求学生通读短文，并根据上下文来补全短文，每空只能填一个单词。主要考九大词类（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、连词、冠词）。该题旨在测试考生的英语阅读理解能力和简单的书面表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学过的英语知识进行简单的书面交流，从而达到既考查学生的语言基础知识，又考查他们的观察能力、联想能力以及对语言的综合运用能力。为了答好短文填空题目，我们要打好基础关。这个基础关既包括1600个单词，300多个短语以及一部分常用句型和习惯用语的意思和用法，也包括各种词的词形变化。考向1短文填空之选词填空（2023·广东）请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。请将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。iteitherbebecausewhatelsebyinventcleanpopularhabithundredThereisasmallthingweuseeveryday.Weusuallyput____1____inthebathroom.Withoutit,wemighthavetoothproblems.Canyouguess____2____itis?Yes,it’sthetoothbrush.Butdoyouknowanythingaboutitshistory?Accordingtosomeresearch,beforetoothbrushesappeared,theancientChinesepeople____3____theirteethwithsomesmalltreebranches(树枝).About800yearsago,peoplemadeakindofbrusheswithpighairandbamboo.Itmight____4____theworld’searliestformoftoothbrushes.Astimewent____5____,theformsoftoothbrusheschanged.Forexample,peoplechosehorse-tailhairinsteadofpighair____6____pighairwastoohard.Imaginethatyoutravelbackto____7____ofyearsagoandbrushyourteethcomfortably.Itsoundsfantastic,doesn’tit?Aroundthe15thcentury,theChinesetoothbrushfounditswayintoEurope.Itbecame____8____amonglocalpeoplesoon.The____9____oftoothbrusheswasnotasfamousasthatofpaper-making,butitwasveryusefulindailylife.Todaywehaveagood____10____ofbrushingteeth.WeshouldthanktheancientChineseforit.【答案】1.it2.what3.cleaned4.be5.by6.because7.hundreds8.popular9.invention10.habit【解析】本文介绍了牙刷的历史和功能。1.句意：我们通常把它放在浴室里。指代前文“asmallthing”，需用代词it。故填it。2.句意：你能猜出它是什么吗？根据“Canyouguess...itis?”可知是询问猜出它是什么。what“什么”。故填what。3.句意：根据一些研究，在牙刷出现之前，中国古人用一些小树枝清洁牙齿。根据“beforetoothbrushesappeared,theancientChinesepeople...theirteeth...”可知没有牙刷，古人会用树枝清洁牙齿。cleantheteeth表示“清理牙齿”；句子是一般过去时，动词需用过去式。故填cleaned。4.句意：这可能是世界上最早的牙刷。此处是系表结构，情态动词might后跟be动词原形。故填be。5.句意：随着时间的推移，牙刷的形状也发生了变化。Astimewentby“随着时间的流逝”。故填by。6.句意：例如，人们选择马尾毛而不是猪毛，因为猪毛太硬了。前后句之间是因果关系，前果后因，用because表示“因为”。故填because。7.句意：想象一下，你回到几百年前，舒舒服服地刷牙。根据“About800yearsago”可知此处是hundredsof短语，表示“数以百计的”。故填hundreds。8.句意：它开始流行起来。根据“Itbecame...amonglocalpeoplesoon.”可知空处需填入形容词作表语，popular“受欢迎的”符合语境。故填popular。9.句意：牙刷的发明不像造纸术那样出名，但在日常生活中非常有用。根据“The...oftoothbrushes”可知是指牙刷的发明。invention“发明”。故填invention。10.句意：今天我们养成了刷牙的好习惯。根据“Todaywehaveagood...ofbrushingteeth.”可知刷牙是好习惯。haveagoodhabitof“有一个……好习惯”。故填habit。选词填空是指把一篇文章的关键词语挖空，词序打乱，让学生根据短文内容选择正确的词语填空。此类题型主要是要求学生在正确理解和把握文章的基础上，通过分析行文线索来填写空缺单词，补全短文。STEP1详读选项，词分类文章选项中的10个词是考查的关键，考生应该详细的理解这10个单词。熟悉的单词标明词性和词义，不熟悉的单词或者不认识的单词只需标明词性，然后根据名词、动词、形容词、副词四大类按规律排列在试卷上。这样就缩小了选择的范围，降低了试题的难度。STEP2略读全文，定中心考生拿到题目以后，由于考查考生对篇章的理解，应该略读整篇文章，确定文章的中心或主要说明的问题。要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题。和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以便让考生知道本文的相关主题词或主题。在此，建议大家使用略读的方法，以快速掌握文章大意。STEP3瞻前顾后，灵活选词性分类之后，回到原文中，根据原文中空格的前后单词或者前后语句确定所要填的词性，然后从分类好的单词中选择出词性、意思、语法都符合要求的最佳选项。首先，根据语法知识确认可以被填入此空的词性，然后按第一步中标注出的词性进行筛选，最后将备选词逐个代入空中细读句意，考虑上下问逻辑关系做出选择。STEP4复核检查，定结果篇章词汇理解题目类似于完型填空，这需要考生不仅要迅速的确定答案，还要在确定答案之后迅速的复查。检查上下文是否通顺、上下文的逻辑结构是否正确、文章的意思是否出现偏差等等，复查无误后即可确定为最后答案。考向1短文填空之选词填空Passage1（2024·广东佛山·一模）请用适当的词完成下面的短文，并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。live

especially

fall

change

for

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hometown

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impossible

dangerous

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stillInthemorning,WangXinrideshisnewbiketoschool.Thisyear,WangXin’sparentsboughtabike1him.WangXinnow2inasmallvillageinthemountains.Lifeusedtobeveryhardforhimand3family.Themainroadwassteep(陡峭的)andhadmany“Z”shapeturnings.Soitwasvery4todriveorridebikesonthisroad.Allotherroadsinthevillagewerefilledwithstones.Manypeopleeasilyfelldownbecauseofthesestonesandhurtthemselves,5atnight.ForlittlekidslikeWangXin,theyhadto6toschooleverydayforatleasttwoandahalfhours.Recently,great7havetakenplaceinthisvillage.Thankstothelocalgovernment,thenewroadswere8.Sincealloftheroadsnowarewideandsmooth,WangXinandotherkidsnowcanridetheirbikestoschool.Itonlytakesthemhalfanhourtogettoschool,whichis9forstudentsinthepast.“Ourvillageisbecomingmoreandmorebeautifulnow.Iwanttogotocollegetolearnmoreknowledgeandmakeacontribution(贡献)tomy10”WangXinsaid.“Weareallreallythankfultoourgreatgovernment.”Passage2（2023·四川成都）短文填空从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确通顺(每词限用一次)。actualadvantagechancechilddifficultdifferencefewhearmanypossiblesilencetellDoyoubelievearoseplantsays“Iwantsomewater”oratreeshouts“Myarmshurt”?Maybeyouwillsaythiscouldonlyhappeninsome___1___stories.Infact,plantsarenotalways___2___.Arecentstudyhasfoundplantsshoutwhentheyareinneedofwaterorhavingtheirstemscut.“Eveninaquietfield,thereare___3___somesoundsthatcarryinformation.However,thepitch(音高)istoohighforpeople___4___,”saidLilachHadany,aprofessorfromTelAvivUniversity.Theresearchersusedmicrophonestorecordsometomatoplantsandfoundthatstressedplantssendout___5___soundsthanunstressedplants.“Whentomatoesarenotstressedatall,theyareveryquiet,”ProfessorHadanysaid.Theyalsotrainedamachinein___6___thedifferencesbetweenthirstyplantsandcutplants.Theresultshowsthatwhenthecausesofstresschange,theyshout___7___.Aftertheteamrecordedmanykindsofotherplants,theyfoundthatmanyplantslikecorn,wheatandgrapeplantssendoutsoundswhentheyareunderstress,too.“Thereisa___8___thatalotofcommunicationishappening,”ProfessorHadanysaid.“Becauseotherplantscanprobablyhearthecallofthestressedplants.”Soundrecordingsofplantscouldbringhumanslotsof___9___,especiallyinfarming.Forexample,peoplewillmakesurewhethercornisgettingenoughwaterorwherewaterisneededmostwithoutmuch___10___.Passage3（2024·中山一模）用方框里面的单词填空it,today,become,difference,state,great,through,begin,wide,beChinesewritingisoneoftheworld's1.writingsystems.Itismore2.inusethanalphabetic(字母的)writingsystems.Morethanhalfoftheworld'sbooks3.writteninChinese,includinghistoricalwritingsandnovels,alongwithwritingsongovernmentandlaw.

Atthebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicture-basedlanguage.Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseofanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarved(刻)byancientChinesepeople.Someoftheancientsymbolscanstillbeseenin4.hanzi.

BytheShangDynasty,thesesymbolshad5.awell-developedwritingsystem.Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically,leadingto6.dialects(方言)andcharacters.This,however,changedunderEmperorQinshihuangoftheQinDynasty.

EmperorQinshihuangunited(统一)thesevenmajor7.intoonecountrywheretheChinesewritingsystem8.todevelopinonedirection.ThatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.Eventoday,nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak,theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmethodtoconnectChina'spresentwith9.past.PeopleinmoderntimescanreadtheclassicworkswhichwerewrittenbyChineseinancienttimes.

Today,ChinesewritingsystemisstillanimportantpartofChineseculture.AsChinaplaysagreatroleintheworld,anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtoappreciate(欣赏)China'sculture10.thisamazinglanguage.WrittenChinesespreadsChineseculturewhereveritgoes.

Passage4（2024·辽宁抚顺·一模）根据短文内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。themselves,

easy,

number,

if,

be,

last,

and,

watch,

a,

fromIt’shardtoimaginelifewithouttheInternet.Howgreatlyithaschangedourlivesinthepast15yearssinceitwaswidelyused.Atthesametime,however,theInternethasalsocausedsometraditionstofallaway(消失).E-mailisquickerandcheaper.Gettingahandwrittenletter1afriendhasbecomearare(稀有的)pleasure.Whowouldliketopay60yuanfor12songsinaplasticcase2youcanfindmusicintheInternetforfree?WhenalmostanyfactcanbefoundwithinsecondsthroughGoogle3Baidu,personalmemorybecomeslessimportant.TheWebcanrememberitforus.Whenwasthelasttimeyou4theworldoutofawindow?Whenwasthe5timeyoureadafavoritebookonceagain?Whenwasthelasttimeyousatinthecinemawithyourfamily?Moreandmorepeoplelose6intheInternet.Theyshowlessinterestandspendlesstimeintheoutsideworld.You’vespentthepastfewyearstalkingwithyourfriendsonQQ,orreadingabouthisorherQQsquare,someeting7friendisnolongerasimportantasitoncewas.HaveyoueverfoundyourselfdoinghomeworkwithoneeyeonaQQSpacewindow?Agrowing8ofpeoplesaytheInternetisstoppingyoungpeoplefromfixingtheirattentiononanythingforalongtime.WhenyousurftheInternet,itfeelslikesomethingyou’reenjoyingandnobodyknowsit.Butwhenyourealizejusthowmanypeople9watchingyoureverymove,itmightjustmakeyoumad.Manypeoplehaverealizedtheirpersonalinformationcanbefound10intheInterneteventheydon’twantto.Passage5（2023·山东泰安）根据短文内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。improve,solve,unusual,why,read,expression,good,from,enough,mightChatGPTisanAIsystem(系统)thatcanhaveadiscussionandcreatewrittenwork.Itcancreatematerialbasedonwhatithaslearned____36____digitalbooksandonlinenaissance.NowthreehighschoolstudentsinCyprushavedevelopedan____37____robotwiththehelpoftheirteachers.ItisspecialasitusesChatGPTAItechnology.TherobotisnamedAInstein.Itisthesizeofasmalladultandevenhasascreenforafacethatappearstoshowhumanfacial(面部)____38____.ItspeaksaNorthAmericanformofEnglish.Anditcantelljokes,like“____39____wasthemathbooksad?Becauseithadtoomanyproblems.”Therobotenjoys____40____sciencebooksandspendingtimeplayingtheviolin.ThecreatorsofAInsteinwanttousethetechnologyto____41____learningexperiencesintheclassroom.Infact,there____42____beaplaceforrobotsineducationafterall.BritisheducationexpertAnthonySeldonpredictsthatrobotswilltakeovertheclassroomin2027andteacherswillworkastheirhelpers.Onethingiscertain,though.Arobotteacheris____43____thannoteacheratall.Insomepartsoftheworld,therearen’t____44____teachersand9—16percentofchildrenundertheageof14don’tgotoschool.Thatproblemcouldbepartly____45____byrobots,becausetheycanteachanywhereandwon’tgetstressed,ortired,ormovesomewhereforaneasier,higher-paidjob.Passage6词语运用,有两个词为多余项by,take,quick,exciting,return,without,he,rule,which,result,achieve,differentAsafamouspianomaster,Paderewskiwasadmiredbymanypeople.Wishingtomakeprogressonthepiano,oneday,aboy1.toaPaderewski'sconcertbyhismother.Aftertheywereseated,themothersawafriendandwalkeduptogreether,leavingtheboyalonein2.seat.

Catchingthechancetoexplorethewondersoftheconcerthall,thelittleboystoodupandfinallymadehiswaythroughadoor3.wasmarked“NoAdmittance(进入).”Soon,thehallgotdarkandtheconcertwasabouttobegin.Whenthemother4.toherseat,shediscoveredthatthechildwasmissing.

Suddenly,thelightsfocusedonthepianoonthestage.Insurprise,themotherfoundherlittleboysittingatthepiano.5.knowingwherehewas,theboywaspickingoutTwinkle,Twinkle,LittleStar.

Atthatmoment,thegreatpianomasterappeared,movedtothepiano6.,andwhispered(耳语)intheboy'sear,“Don'tstop.Keepplaying.”Thenhesatdownandaddedarunningobbligato(伴奏).Together,theoldmasterandtheyoungbeginnerchangedanembarrassingsituationintoawonderfullycreativeexperience.Itbecameoneofthe7.partsofthewholeconcertthatevening.Thepeopleweretouchedsomuchbythemasterandthemotherwasshocked.Shebelievedthatsuchanexperiencewouldmakeabig8.toherboy'slife.

Infact,that'sthewayitisinlife.Whatwecandoonourownishardlyunusual.Wetriedourbest,butthe9.aren'texactlysmoothmusiclikewhatwehaveexpected.Butwhenwetrustinthehandsofagreaterpower,ourlife'sworkcanbetrulybeautiful.

Nexttimeyousetout10.greatworks,listencarefully.Youcanhearthevoiceofthemaster,whisperinginyourear,“Don'tstop.Keepplaying.”

Passage7用方框内单词的适当形式填空go,stop,beer,on,and,slow,frighten,another,minute,where,turn,ifOnedayastrongcowboywastravelingonhishorsewhenhesawabar.Hedecidedto____1____forafewdrinks,sohetiedhishorseoutsidethebar,walkedintothebarandorderedtwobottlesof____2____.Thiscowboywasnewintown.Helookedaroundandnoticedsomepeoplemakingfacestohim.Heguessedthattheymightplaysometricks____3____him,buthesaidnothingandcontinuedtodrink.Afterdrinking,hewalkedoutofthebar____4____foundhishorselost.However,hekeptcalm,camebackintothebar,andsaid____5____,"Idon'tknowwhatyoufoolsdidtomyhorseoutthere…butI'mleavinginfiveminutes,andbythenifmyhorseisn'tbackwhereit'ssupposedtobe,well…IhavetodoherewhatIdidinTexas!"Thecowboyadded,"AndIdon'twanttodowhatIdidinTexas!"Afterhearingthesewords,theothercustomersseemedalittlebit____6____.Thecowboywentbacktohisseatandordered____7____twobottlesofbeer.Afterfive____8____,hewalkedoutandfoundhishorsetied____9____itwassupposedtobe.Justashewasleaving,thebossofthebarcameupandaskedcuriously,"WhatwasthethingthatyoudidinTexasbutyoudidn'twanttodohere?"Thecowboy____10____tothebossandrepliedinalowvoice,"Ihadtowalkhome!"Passage8用方框内单词的适当形式填空actualbuydecideenvironmentmanagesheducereuseruleskillspeakManypeopleknowtheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.However,mostofthemthinktheycandolittletohelpsolvetheworld’s1.problems.NewYorkerLaurenSingerdoesn’tthinkso.ThebeautifulgirlstudiedenvironmentalscienceatNewYorkUniversity.Butshenotonlywantedtolearnaboutsustainability(可持续发展),butshealsowantedto2.liveit.Duringherfinalyearofcollege,shebeganworkingtowardslivinga“ZeroWaste”life.Sincethen,shehasgonetwoyearswithout3.anylitter.

Laurensaidthatshemadethe4.tolivea“ZeroWaste”lifefortworeasons.Thefirstwasherteacher’s5.abouttheimportanceof“livingyourvalues”.Thesecondwasthelunchherclassmatebroughttoclasseveryweek.Sheusedalotofplasticbags,forks,bottles,etc.tocarrythefoodandthenthrewthemaway.ThismadeLaurenthinkalot.“We’resupposedtobethefutureofthisplanetbutnowwe6.itupwithourlitter.”

It’seasiersaidthandone.Thepasttwoyearshasn’tbeeneasyforLauren.Shestopped7.anythingwrapped(包装)inplasticandbegantakingherownbagstothesupermarket.Shedidn’tbuynewclothesandshoppedonlyinsecond-handstores.Andshetriedtobuy8.thingswhichcanbeusedmanytimes.Sheevermadeallherowncleaningproductsfromtoothpastetodetergent(洗衣粉)by9..Tohelpthosewhowanttofollowherfootstepsbutdon’thavethetimeor10.likeher,Laurenrecentlystartedherownwaste-freeproductcompany,TheSimplyCo.

Passage9词语运用,有两个词为多余项wise,forest,soon,game,catch,scare,nothing,danger,fortunate,to,point,becauseLonglongago,therewasacrowdofantelopes(羚羊)inthe1..Inthiscrowdtherewasa2.teacher.Hewasadmiredbyeveryone3.hetaughttheyoungthetricksandstrategiesofsurvival(生存策略).

Oneday,hisyoungersisterbroughtherson4.himandaskedhimtoteachwhatwasimportanttoantelopes.Shesaid,“Dearbrother,thisismyson,Dick.Pleaseteachhimthetricksandstrategiesofsurvival.”TheteachersaidtoDick,“Youcancomeatthistimetomorrowforyourfirstlesson.”

Atfirst,Dickcametohavelessonsontimeeveryday.But5.,Dickbecamemoreinterestedinplayinggameswithothers,sohebegantocutclasses.However,hedidn'trealizehow6.itcouldbeforayoungantelopewholearnednothingbut7..

8.,onedaytheyoungantelopesteppedinatrap(陷阱).KnowingDickwasmissing,hismotherwasworried.Shewenttoherbrotherandaskedhim,“Dearbrother,howismyson?Haveyoutaughthimthetricksandstrategiesofsurvival?”Theteacherreplied,“Mydearsister,Itriedmybesttoteachhim,butyoursondidnotwanttolearnthetricksandstrategiesofsurvival.Hecutclasses.HowcouldIpossiblyteachhim?”

Atthistime,theyheardthatDick9.inatrap.Theyhurriedtorescuehimbeforeitwastoolate.Dickwastoo10.tomoveandregretteddeeply.

Iftheyoungantelopehadkeptlearningcarefullyallthetime,hewouldn'thavebeencaught.Passage10（2023·江苏盐城·校考二模）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每词或短语限用一次。hometown

study

he

treat

help

health

silence

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accordingto

serveasWuMing,a27-year-oldGerman,isabigfanofChineseculture,liketheShaolinkungfu.HehasbeenlearningTCM—traditionalChinesemedicinesince2016.Nowhe1atHenanUniversityofChineseMedicine.Ashethoughtsomeillnessescan’t2wellwithmodernmedicine,hedecidedtostudyTCM.WucametoHenanProvincein2015,wheretheTCMculturecanbeenjoyedbecauseHenanProvinceisthe3ofZhangZhongjing.AfterlearningtheChineselanguageforoneyear,hestartedtolearnChinesemedicine.“TCMisoneofthebestpartsinChineseculture,”saidWu.HehopestosolveproblemsandunderstandChineseculturebylearningTCM.StudyingTCMalsochangedWu’smindandlifestyle.Heusedtospendmuchtimeplayingcomputergamesandstayuplateeverynight,losthimselfinthisfast-pacedbut4lifestyle.Butnowhelivesahealthyandpeacefullife,practicinggoodhabitslikedrinkingteaandsitting5,aswellasreadingancientbooks,6theYin-Yangtheory(理论)inTCM.Wualsomakesuseofwhathehaslearned7hisfamily.Acupuncture(针灸)toolsandChinesemedicinewerewelcomedwhenhewentbackto48homeinGermany.WithacupunctureandChinese-stylemassages,manyphysicalhealthproblemsofhisfamilieshavebeensolved.Now,healwaysprovideshisfamilywithsomeadviceaboutstayinghealthyafterhecheckstheirtongues(舌头)online.Overtime,hisfamilybegantounderstandhispassionaboutTCM.InWu’sopinion,there’snobigdifferencebetweenChinaand9countries.HeplanstorunatraditionalChineseclinic(诊所)inChinaorGermanyafteruniversity,whichcould10abridgebetweenthetwocountriesandmakeTCManditscultureknownbymorepeople.Passage11用方框内单词的适当形式填空。seem,success,but,they,wide,it,try,purpose,pound,expressHaveyoueverheardofDeathValley?It'sanationalparklyingintheeastofCalifornia,theUSA.Theparkisn'tscaryas1.namesounds.Youcanenjoythedesertsunshinethere.Atthesametime,youcanfindthere'snothingouttherebutsomespecialrockscalled“sailingstones”.

SomeoftherocksinDeathValleyweighhundredsof2..Andonthegroundbehindeachrockisamysterioustrail(痕迹).It3.thattherockhasbeenpushedalonginthesand.

Itwasnearly100yearsagothatthe“sailingstones”werereportedforthefirsttime.Peoplehavebeen4.tofindoutthestones'secreteversince.Untilthe1990s,one5.acceptedopinionwasthattherockswerestuckinsheets(片)oficethatwerebeingblownacrossthedesert.However,researchlatershowedthattomovesuchlargeicesheets,thewindwouldhavetoblowathundredsofmilesperhour.TherearestrongwindsinDeathValley—6.notthatstrong.

Thenin2006,ascientistnamedRalphLorenz7.hisopinion.Hesuggestedthatinwinter,thickiceforms(形成)aroundtherocks.Whenthegroundbeginstothaw(解冻),therocks,wearingice,sailalongandleavetrailsbehind8..Lorenzevendidatestinhisownkitchenforthe9.ofshowinghisopinionwascorrect.

HasLorenz10.insolvingthemysteryofthesailingstones?Perhaps.Ontheotherhand,neitherLorenznoranybodyelsehaseveractuallyseenthestonesmove.Maybeitwasalienswhomovedthestones.

Passage12（2024·广东一模）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文意思完整、通顺。每空一次，有两个词是多余的。learnwordexpresshowtheyabilitywhatmakerequirelistensimpleattentionHumanarebornwiththe____66____tocommunicate,butsomepeoplearebetteratitthanothers.Somepeopleareverygoodat____67____andfinditeasytoexpresstheirideastootherpeople.Otherpeoplefinditdifficulttoexpress____68____well,especiallyinpublic.Thegoodnewsisthatcommunicationskillscanbe____69____.Herearesomepiecesofadvice.Rememberthattalkingtootherpeopledependsonbodylanguageandfacial____70____besideswords.Ifyoulookandsoundconfident,peoplewillpay___71____towhatyousay,evenifyoudon’tfeelsoconfident.Lookpeopleintheeyewhenyouspeaktothem.It____72____youseemmorehonestandfriendly,andpeoplewillfinditeasierandmorefuntotalktoyou.Practice____73____tootherpeople.Themostimportantpartofcommunicationislistening.That’swhywehavetwoearsandonemouth.Whenyoulistentopeople,watchingtheirfaceandbodylanguagewillhelpyouunderstand___74____theymean.Thinkbeforeyouopenyourmouth.Thebestcommunicatorsexpresstheirideasinshortand_____75______ways.Ifyouaretryingtoconvince(使信服)peopleofsomething,beclearanduseasfewwordsaspossible.考向2短文填空之首字母填空（2023·江苏扬州）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）PeterPanwishesWendy,JohnandMichael,especiallyWendy,wouldstayinNeverlandforever,butfinallytheDarlingchildrendecidetoflybackhomeandgrowup.“QuickTink,”Peterwhispers.“S____1____thewindow.ThenwhenWendycomesback,shewillthinkhermotherdoesn’tloveheranymore,andshewillreturntoNeverlandwithme.”Mrs.Darlingisplayingthepiano.Peterdidn’tknowthetune,Home,SweetHome,b____2____heknowsit’ssaying,“Comeback,Wendy,Wendy,Wendy.”PeterlooksthroughthedoorandseestwobigtearsinMrs.Darling’seyes.“ShelovesWendy,”hethinks.“ButIloveWendy,too.Wec____3____bothhaveher.”HelooksatMrs.Darlingagain.Thetwotearsarestillsittingonhere____4____.“Oh,allright,”hesaysatlast,sadly.Thenheopensthewindow.WhenWendy,John,andMichaelarrive,theyfindthewindowo____5____forthem.Theyallgetintobedtosurprisetheirmother.WhenMrs.Darlinggoesbacktothechildren’sroom,theyareallintheirbeds.Theywaitforhertosaysomething,butshesaysn____6____.Shethinkssheisdreaming.Shesitsbythefire.Thechildrenaresow____7____.Whyisn’ttheirmotherhappytoseethemagain?Allthreeofthemjumpoutofbed,runtoherandshout,“Mother!”Sherealizessheisnotd____8____anymore.Mr.DarlingandNanacomein.Theyareallsohappy.Peterw____9____themfromthewindowbutheislookingatsomethinghewillneverhave.Manyyearspass.WhenPetervisitsWendyagain,shehasg____10____upandhasadaughterofherown.Peterisstillaboywhocan’tgrowup.—TakenfromPeterPan【答案】1.(S)hut2.(b)ut3.(c)an’t4.(e)yes5.(o)pen6.(n)othing7.(w)orried8.(d)reaming9.(w)atches10.(g)rown【解析】本文出自文学作品《彼得·潘》，讲述了小飞侠彼得·潘决定把朋友送回家的故事。1句意：关上窗户。根据“S...thewindow”可知，彼得想关上窗户，shut“关闭”符合语境，祈使句用动词原形开头。故填(S)hut。2.句意：彼得不知道《家，甜蜜的家》这首曲子，但他知道它在说：“回来吧，温蒂，温蒂。”。根据“Peterdidn’tknow”和“heknows”可知，前后是转折关系，用but连接。故填(b)ut。3.句意：我们不可能都拥有她。根据“ShelovesWendy”和“ButIloveWendy,too.”可知，他们都爱温蒂，但不能同时拥有她，can’t“不能”符合语境。故填(c)an’t。4.句意：那两滴眼泪仍然留在她的眼睛上。根据“twotears”可知，眼泪仍然留在她的眼睛上，eye“眼睛”，用复数。故填(e)yes。5.句意：当温蒂、约翰和迈克尔到达时，他们发现窗户为他们打开了。根据“Thenheopensthewindow.”可知，窗户是开着的，open“打开的”，形容词作宾补。故填(o)pen。6.句意：他们等她说什么，但她什么也没说。根据“Theywaitforhertosaysomething,but…”可知，她什么也没说，不定代词nothing“什么都没有”符合语境。故填(n)othing。7.句意：孩子们很担心。根据“Whyisn’ttheirmotherhappytoseethemagain?”可知，孩子们是担心的，worried“担心的”，形容词作表语。故填(w)orried。8.句意：她意识到自己不是在做梦了。根据“Allthreeofthemjumpoutofbed,runtoherandshout,‘Mother!’”可知，孩子们去喊妈妈，让她知道自己没有在做梦，孩子们真的回来了，dream“做梦”，用现在分词形式与is构成现在进行时。故填(d)reaming。9.句意：彼得从窗户看着他们，但他看到的是他永远不会拥有的东西。根据“butheislookingatsomethinghewillneverhave.”可知，彼得在看着他们，watch“看，注视”符合语境，时态为一般现在时，主语是“Peter”，动词用三单。故填(w)atches。10.句意：当彼得再次拜访温蒂时，她已经长大了，有了自己的女儿。根据“Manyyearspass.”可知，温蒂长大了，growup“长大”，固定短语，grow用过去分词形式与has构成现在完成时。故填(g)rown。首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。二、满分技巧 1.跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2.复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。3.三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。Passage1（2023-24·江苏扬州统考）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的单词使短文完整。（每空一词）ChinesewriterHaiYa’sTheSpace-TimePainterwontheHugoAwardforBestNoveletteonOct21.Hebecamethet____1____ChinesewritertowinaHugoawardafterLiuCixinin2015andHaoJingfangin2016.WhencreatingTheSpaceTimePainter,HaiYagothisi____2____fromafamouspainting,APanoramaofRiversandMountains.ItisbyWangXimengfromtheSongDynasty(960-1279).BasedonWang,HaicreatedacharacternamedZhaoXimengw____3____paintedforanemperormorethan1,000yearsago.Aftermanyhardtimes,Zhao’smindleaveshisbodyandentersaspacewhereamodernpolicemanistryingtos____4____acaseaboutanancientpaintingHaiYa’sstorywithsciencefictionbeganinhischildhood.“WhenIwasachild,thebookstoreinmyhometownhelpedcreateabeautifulg____5____inmymind.Init,sciencefictionofferedthemostbeautiful‘flowers’,”HaiYatoldBeijingYouthDaily.Headdedthatsciencefictionopenedanewworldforh____