2024年八年级寒假Lesson6八年级下册Unit2SectionB新课学习

U2I’llhelptocleanthecityparksSectionBpart1KeywordsNo.EnglishChineseTestrepairv.修理；修补fixv.修理；安装brokenadj.破损的；残缺的wheeln.车轮；轮子lettern.信；函Missn.女士；小姐disabledadj.丧失能力的；有残疾的blindadj.瞎的；失明的deafadj.聋的imaginev.想象；设想difficultyn.苦难；难题openv.打开carryv.拿；提；扛traintrainingv.训练；培训n.训练；培训excitedadj.激动的；兴奋的kindnessn.仁慈；善良cleveradj.聪明的；聪颖的understandv.理解；领会changev.&n.变化；改变interestn.&v.兴趣；是产生兴趣sirn.先生Madamn.女士Part2KeyphrasesPhrasesMeaningPhrasesMeaningrunoutof用光afriendofmine我的一位朋友fixup修理；安装helpsbout帮某人摆脱困境giveaway赠送；捐赠aspecialtraineddog.一只特别训练过的狗takeafter(外貌或行为)像beexcitedabout对…感到兴奋besimilarto与……相似aftersixmonthsoftraining六个月的训练之后setup建起;设立beinterestedin对…感兴趣makeadifference影响;有作用befreetodosth有空做某事answerthetelephone接电话bestrongin在某方面很强大(擅长)【即讲即练】1.Theshoesaretoosmallforme.Ifeel_________(comfortable)whenIputthemon.2.Iamalwaysnervousbeforethefinal__________(examine).3.Thecityissmall,butitis______(fame)foritssilk.4.Heusedtobe_________(power).5.________(wealth)personisalwaysunhappy,so_______(wealth)doesn’tbringhappinessallthetime.Part3ReadingUnderstandingpartsofspeechKnowingwhatpartofspeechawordis(noun,verb,preposition,etc.)canhelpyouunderstandtheword’smeaning.UnderstandingpartsofspeechKnowingwhatpartofspeechawordis(noun,verb,preposition,etc.)canhelpyouunderstandtheword’smeaning.1.WhowrotethelettertoMissLi?Why?2.WhatdidMissLido?DearMissLi,I’dliketothankyouforgivingmoneytoAnimalHelpers.I’msureyouknowthatthisgroupwassetuptohelpdisabledpeoplelikeme.YouhelpedtomakeitpossibleformetohaveLucky.Luckymakesabigdifferencetomylife.Letmetellyoumystory.Whatwoulditbeliketobeblindordeaf?Orimagineyoucan’twalkoruseyourhandseasily.Mostpeoplewouldneverthinkaboutthis,butmanypeoplehavethesedifficulties.Ican’tusemyarmsorlegswell,sonormalthingslikeansweringthetelephone,openingandclosingdoors,orcarryingthingsaredifficultforme.Thenonedaylastyear,afriendofminehelpedmeout.ShetalkedtoAnimalHelpersaboutgettingmeaspecialtraineddog.Shealsothoughtadogmightcheermeup.IloveanimalsandIwasexcitedabouttheideaofhavingadog.AftersixmonthsoftrainingwithadogatAnimalHelpers,Iwasabletobringhimhome.Mydog’snameisLucky--agoodnameforhimbecauseIfeelveryluckytohavehim.Yousee,I’monlyabletohavea“dog-helper”becauseofyourkindness!LuckyisverycleverandunderstandsmanyEnglishwords.HecanunderstandmewhenIgivehimorders.Forexample,Isay,“Lucky!Getmybook,”andhedoesitatonce.Luckyisafantasticdog.I’llsendyouaphotoofhimifyoulike,andIcouldshowyouhowhehelpsme.Thankyouagainforchangingmylife.Bestwishes,BenSmithPart4keypoints1.I’verunoutofit.把它用完了。◆runoutof用完（run-ran-run）补充：useup用完eatup吃完【拓展】runout和runoutof的区别：人+runoutof+物物+runout【小试牛刀】I_____________mymoney,soIwillaskmyparentsforitagain.(用完)ChairmanXiadvisedusto_______ourfoodinthedishes.（吃光）2.I’msureyouknowthatthisgroupwassetuptohelpdisabledpeoplelikeme.我确信你知道这个组织是为帮助像我这样的残疾人设立的。◆wassetup被建立，be+done表示被动（被动语态必有bedone，时态都在be上转换）◆setup建立；设立（set-set-set）eg：ThebookwaswrittenbyLuXun.◆辨析setup与buildsetup意为“建立；设立；开办”，后常接某一组织，机构，团体等。build意为“建造；修建”，后常接建筑物，机械等eg.Theysetupanorganizationtohelpthepoorbuildhouses.他们设立了一个组织来帮助穷人建造房子。【小试牛刀】Ourschoolisplanningto_______abandtogivethestudentsachancetoshowtheirmusicaltalent.A.takeupB.setupC.pickup2）--WhatshouldwedoforthedisabledchildrenintheChildren’sHome.--You’resupposedto_______astudygrouptohelpthem.takeupB.fixupC.setupD.stayup3.YouhelpedtomakeitpossibleformetohaveLucky.你帮助我，使我拥有Lucky成为可能。◆makeit+adj.(forsb.)todosth.使（某人）做某事是……的，其中it是形式宾语，真正宾语是后面的动词不定式。类似这种用法的动词还有：think，find等。【小试牛刀】1）Ifound_______notveryeasy_________torideabike.A.that;learn B.it;tolearn C.that;tolearn4.Luckymakesabigdifferencetomylife.“幸运”对我的生活产生了很大影响。◆makeadifference有影响；有作用◆makeadifferencetosb./sth.对……有影响◆makenodifference没有作用；没有影响◆differencen.差异differentadj.困难的bedifferentfrom…与……不同【小试牛刀】1）TherecenttalkbetweenTomandhisparentsmadeabigdifference______him.A.toB.forC.about2）Potatoesaredifferent_______tomatoes.A.toB.from C.of5.Orimagineyoucan’twalkoruseyourhandseasily.或想象一下你不能自如走路或使用你的双手。◆imaginev.想象；设想imaginationn.想象力；空想◆imagine后加名词、代词、动名词或从句作宾语。eg：Weoftenimaginelivinginabighouse.我们经常想象住在一所大房子里。【小试牛刀】1）Canyouimaginehim_____hisdreamjobtovolunteerinAfrica?A.giveupB.togiveupC.givingupD.gaveup2）TheInternetissocloselyconnected(联系紧密)withourdailylife.Canyou______alifewithoutit?A.understandB.imagineC.hopeD.expect5.IloveanimalsandIwasexcitedabouttheideaofhavingadog.我爱动物，我对拥有一种狗的想法兴奋不已。◆beexcitedabout固定搭配，因……而兴奋不已◆excitedadj.激动的；兴奋的（常用来修饰人）excitingadj.令人激动的；令人兴奋的（常用来修饰事/物）excitementn.激动；兴奋eg:Hewasexcitedtohearthenews.他听到那则消息感到很激动。ThefootballmatchwewatchedlastSundaywasveryexciting.我们上个星期看的足球赛很令人兴奋。Thechildrenshoutedinexcitementwhentheysawthecandies.当孩子们看到糖果的时候，他们兴奋地大叫。【小试牛刀】1）--What_______news!--Yes.Allofthechildrenwere__________.excited;excitingB.exciting;excitedC.excited;excited5.Whatareyourinterestsandhobbies?你的兴趣和爱好是什么?◆interestn.兴趣；关注；利益；利息v.使感兴趣；使关注interestedadj.感兴趣的；表现出兴趣的（主语通常是人）interestingadj.有趣的；有吸引力的（主语通常是物）eg:Iwatchedwithinterest.我兴致勃勃地看着。Thenewcarinterestsme.我对这辆新车感兴趣.【拓展】have/take/show(an)interestin=beinterestedin后可加名词、代词和动名词eg:Whyareyousointerestedinthisposition?你为什么对这个职位感兴趣？【小试牛刀】1）Iam______in________basketball.A.interest；playB.interested；playingC.interests；playing2）Thispairofshoes__________mealot.A.interestsB.interestingC.interested7．Whenareyoufreetodothejob?你什么时候有空做这个工作？◆befreetodosth.有空做某事dosth.forfree免费做某事eg:Areyoufreetohaveadatewithme?你有空和我约会吗？Youcaneateveryyouwantforfree.你可以免费吃任何你想吃的东西。【小试牛刀】1）Doessheeatthehamburger_______?A.forfreeB.nomoneyC.havemoney2）你这周六有空参加我的生日晚会吗？(翻译成英文)________________________________Part5Keygrammar◆动词不定式的用法（1）基本形式：to+动词原形（否定：notto+动词原形）（2）动词不定式的句法功能：作主语TolearnEnglishwellisveryimportant.=ItisveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.作表语Myjobistokookafterpatients.我的工作是照顾病人。作宾语Wewanttogoswimming.我们想去游泳。作宾语补足语Sheinvitedmetogototheconcert.她邀请我去演唱会。作定语Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有重要的事情告诉你。作状语Shegotupveryearlytocatchtheearlybus.她起得很早，为的是赶上早班公交车。口诀：1）不定式有标记，to与动词连一起。②没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。

2）主宾定状表补语，唯独作谓不可以。④not加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。

3）疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。⑥仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。（3）“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构动词不定式可以用在疑问词what，how，when，where等之后，作主语、宾语、表语。Howtogetthereisaproblem.(作主语)怎么样去那里是个问题。Idon’tknowwhattosay.(作宾语)我不知道说什么。ThequestionishowtolearnEnglishwell.(作表语)问题是怎样学好英语。（4）经常遇到的后面加todo的不定式：三个希望两答应（hope，wish，want，agree，promise）；一个要求莫拒绝（demand，refuse）；设法学会做决定（manage，refuse）；不要假装在选择（pretend，choose）。其他：feel，listen，hear，let，make，have，see，watch，lookat，notice。【小试牛刀】()1.Theboywenttothehospital_____afterhismother.(2016青海中考)A.looked B.look C.tolook()2.--I’llhaveaten-dayholiday.ButIdon’tknow__________.(2016成都中考)--HowaboutParis?A.whattodo B.wheretogo C.whentogo()3.Tomhasdecided_______apart-timejobafterfromschool.（2016攀枝花中考）A.do B.todo C.doing()4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.A.notto B.nottodo C.notdoit D.donotto()6.Thepatientwaswarned_______oily(油质的)foodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnot B.eatingnot C.nottoeat D.noteating()7.Theworkerswantus________togetherwiththem.A.workB.workingC.toworkD.workedPart6Practicemakesperfect单选()1.She________hisnumberinthephonebooktomakesurethatshehadgotitright.A.lookedfor B.lookedup C.lookedafter()2.Yourschoolthingsarehereandthere.Willyouplease_________?A.throwaboutthem B.putthemaway C.throwthemabout ()3.Actually,___inthefarmers’houses____prettycomfortablewhentravelinginChengdu’ssuburb(郊区).A.staying;is B.tostay;are C.stay;is ()4.She_________byfindingmeaspeciallytraineddog,whichactually_________.A.helpedme;cheeredme B.helpedmeout;cheeredmeupC.helpedmeup;cheeredmeup ()5.Theoldmanis_______,sohecan’tseethenoticeonthewall.A.deaf B.blind C.excited()6.--Mr.Handisanoutgoingman.--Yes,althoughhelives____,heneverfeels____.A.lonely;alone B.alone;lonely C.alone;alone()7.--Theproblemseemsserious.--Yes,wemust_____agoodideatosolveit.A.cheerup B.comeupwith C.setup()8.--Oh.It’srainingnow.--Sowehaveto_____thesportsmeeting.A.putoff B.carefor C.giveout()9.UNICEFwas_______in1946toimprovechildren’slivesafterWorldWarⅡ.A.givenup B.putup C.setup()10.Howkindyouare!Youalwaysdowhatyoucan___others.A.help B.helping C.tohelp完形Canyouimaginestaying___1____atthelostandFoundofanairportforonenight?IdiditonmytripbacktoChinafromtheUSinMay.IhadtostayatDallasAirportthatnightonmyown.Iplannedtosleepinmychairattheboardinggate(登机口).AsItookmy___2____offtorelaxmylegwithabandage,awomancameuptome.“AreyouOK,Miss?”sheasked.“Myleft___3____wasbroken.That'sallright.”Ianswered.Thewomansaid,“Oh,youneedto___4____.Wecangetaroomforyoutosleepin.”My___5____wasfullofallkindsofthoughts.“ShouldItrusther?Doessheworkattheairport?”“Don'tworry.Iworkhere.”Shesmiled(微笑)atmeandshowedher___6____.Istilldidn'ttrusther___7____sheaskedamaninuniformtotakeawheelchair(轮椅)forme.ThenshetookmetotheLostandFound,aplacetotakecareofmissingkids.Asmallbedwithaquiltasinit.“Goodnight,”shesmiledatme.Herblueeyesmademefeel___8____.Goodnight,truly,thankyou!”IsaidtoherLyingonthatbrown___9____,IfeltlikeIwasonaboatinarivertomydream.Thenextmorningsomeoneelsetheresentmetotheboardinggate.Iwouldliketodosomethingforthekindwoman.YetIknowthatthebestwayistotakethis___10____topeopleintrouble.()1.Ahappily B.aloneC.straight()2.A.shoe B.trousers C.skirt()3.A.hand B.leg C.arm()4.A.havearest B.haveawalk C.haveadrink()5.A.wallet B.bag C.mind()6.AIDcard B.ticket C.looking()7.A.when B.until C.after()8.A.scared B.peace C.cold()9.A.seat B.bed C.table()10.A.problem Bsituation C.kindness阅读EnglishClubWearegoingtosetupanEnglishclub.ThememberswillpracticespokenEnglishintheschool’smeetingroomafterschoolonMonday,WednesdayandFridayafternoon.Ifyouwanttojointheclub,pleasecallusat3876-1258EnglishSpeechContestTheninth-gradestudentswillhaveanEnglishspeechcontest(演讲比赛)onMonday,November26.Itwilltakeplaceinthesquare(广场)beforetheteachingbuilding.Thosewhowanttotakepartinthecontestpleasecall7862-5319MathExamWe'regoingtohaveamathexamonThursdayNovember22.ThetopthreewillbepossibletotakepartintheIMO(国际数奥赛).Wewantalltheninth-gradestudentstotakepartintheexam.Ifyouareinterestedinit,call9876-3521,orgotoroom306.ATalkabouthowtoLearnEnglishThefamousEnglishteacherZhaoKaiwillgiveusatalkabouthowtolearnEnglishwellonTuesday,November20.Thetalkisintheschoolhall.Itstartsat2:30intheafternoon.Allthestudentsinourschoolmusttakepartinit.()1.Ifyouareaseven-gradestudent,whichonecanyouchoose?A.TheMathExam.B.TheEnglishClubC.TheEnglishSpeechContest()2.WhendoestheEnglishspeechconteststart?A.OnNovember20.B.OnNovember22C.OnNovember26()3.Ifyouareinterestedinmath,youcancallA.9876-3521B.7862-5319C.3876-1258()4.Whichoneistrue?A.TheEnglishclubisheldonweekendsB.ThestudentsintopfourcantakepartinIMOC.TheEnglishspeechcontestwilltakeplaceinthesquare()5.Thefournoticescanbeseen________.inthesquareB.atschoolC.onTV

四、完成对话A:Hello,Jim.Whatareyouplanningtodothissummervacation?B:Ihopetodosomeworkasa___1____inmyneighborhood.A:Really?Soundsmeaningful.Whatworkwouldyouliketodo?B:I’dliketohelp___2____thekidsintheneighborhood.A:Why?B:Someofthekidsusuallyfeel___3____.Theyhavenosistersorbrotherstoplaywithbecausetheyarethe___4____kidsintheirfamily.Whentheirparentsgotowork,therearejusttheir___5____aroundthem.Theycan'tfind___6____thingstotalkwithbecauseoftheiragedifferences.ATheysurelyneedsomeoneto___7____them.Sheorheknowsalotaboutthemandcanhelpthemstudybetteratthesametime.B:You'reright.Iplantocallupsomekidsfromourneighborhoodandmakethemagrouptostudy___8____.Everyday,Icanhelpthemwiththeirschoolworkandthendosomeactivitiestheyare___9____in.Wouldyouliketojoinme?A:WhatcanIdotohelpyou?B:Couldyouwritea___10____andputitontheboardatthegate(门)ofourneighborhoodsothatmoreparentscanknowthis?A:Noproblem.五、十二选十。calldriverexperiencefollowlonenamenoticequickquietsatisfystrongwalkOnmy10thbirthday,mymomgotmeadog.I___1___himChad.Hegrewtobequite___2___andwasveryloyal(忠心的)tome.Oneday,ChadandI__3____tothestoreafewmilesawaytogetsomefood.Ontheway,I____4_____manandawomanfightingwitheachother.Thewomantriedtogetawayfromtheman,butthemankept___5____her.Chadbolted(突然狂奔)frommysideandranbetweenthemanandthewoman.Assoonasthemantookastepforward,Chadshowedhisteethandshoutedathim.Iwas__6____himtocomebackbuthedidn’tlistentome.Thewomankeptwalkingandgotintoataxiandleft.Isawthatthewomanwascrying(哭泣)andsomebruises(伤痕)wereonherarmsandneck.Themanranaway____7____aftershegotinthetaxi.Igotgreat___8____fromwhatChaddid.ButIhardlysawhimshowhisteeth.Itwasscary.WhenIgothomethatnightandtoldmymomwhatChadandI___9____,shehappilysaid,“Goodboy,Chad.”Thenshe___10_____saidinhisear,“Iknewyouwouldkeepaneyeonmyboyforme.”Atthatmoment,Iunderstoodhowmuchmymomlovedme.六、表格Canonepaperbagchangetheworld?SarahMurphytriestodosomethingaboutit.TheseventhgraderfromMassachusetts.intheUnitedStates,decorates(装饰)lunchbagsforthehomeless.Shewantstobringhopetothosepeople.Shewillgivethedecoratedbags,togetherwithalunch,tohomelesspeo