东华大学外语学院《357英语翻译基础》专业硕士历年考研真题及详解合集

目录2011年东华大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2012年东华大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2013年东华大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2014年东华大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2016年东华大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解

2011年东华大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.(30points)Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,abbreviationsorterminologyintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.Therearetogether30itemsinthispartofthetest,15inEnglishand15inChinese,withonepointforeach.1．LTD【答案】激光目标指示器（LaserTargetDesignator）2．CPI【答案】居民消费价格指数（ConsumerPriceIndex）3．R.S.V.P.【答案】请回复（Répondez,s’ilvousplait;Reply,ifyouplease.）4．LSE【答案】伦敦证券交易所（LondonStockExchange）5．ATT(C)【答案】美国电话电报公司（AmericanTelephoneandTelegraphCo.）6．VTR【答案】磁带录像机（videotaperecorder）7．SW【答案】短波（ShortWave）8．EEC【答案】欧洲经济共同体（EuropeanEconomicCommunity）

9．CAF【答案】成本加运费价格（CostAndFreight）10．AlongsideDelivery【答案】船边交货11．ExchangeSettlement【答案】外汇结算12．InstallmentPayment【答案】分期付款13．NamedDeparturePoint【答案】指定发货地点14．DebitNote【答案】借项清单15．NoticeofDamage【答案】损害通知单16．全损【答案】TotalLoss17．分批装船【答案】InstallmentShipment18．增值税【答案】Value-addedTax

19．中等发达国家【答案】moderatelydevelopedcountries20．运费免付【答案】carriagefree21．工商管理学学士【答案】BBA(BachelorofBusinessAdministration)22．零售价格指数【答案】RPI(RetailPriceIndex)23．瑞士法郎【答案】SwissFranc24．聚酯纤维【答案】polyesterfiber25．自由关税区【答案】Tariff-freeZone26．转账凭单【答案】TransferWarrant27．注销支票【答案】CancelledCheck28．中国国际信托投资公司【答案】CITIC(ChinaInternationalTrustandInvestmentCorporation)

29．直送航线【答案】directroute30．账面赤字【答案】PaperDeficitII.(120points)Directions:Translatethefollowingtwosourcetextsintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.SourceText1:LetterofCreditPaymentisofgreatimportanceininternationaltrade.Thefinalresultofbusinessactivitiesistogettheamountofmoneyforgoodssuppliedorservicesrendered.Otherwise,allwouldbemeaningless.Amongallthemodesofpayment(remittance,collectionandletterofcredit)letterofcreditisthemostwidelyused.Theletterofcreditisakindofbankcreditinsteadofcommercialcreditlikeremittanceorcollection.Itisawrittendocumentdrawntotheexporterbythebank.attherequestoftheimporter.Bymeansofletterofcredit,boththesellerandbuyerarewellprotected：TheexporterisassuredofthepaymentWhenhedispatchesthegoods,whilethebuyerisassuredofthetitletothegoodsbeforehepaysforthem.Inpaymentbyletterofcredit,therearesixpartiesconcerned:☆Theapplicant:alsocalledtheopener,usuallyitistheimporter☆Theopeningbankortheissuingbank☆Theadvisingbankorthenotifyingbank☆Thebeneficiaryusuallyitistheexporter

☆Thenegotiatingbank☆ThepayingbankorthedraweebankTherearemanykindsofletterofcreditamongwhichdocumentaryL/Cisthemostwidelyusedininternationaltrade.Indocumentaryletterofcreditoperations,allpartiesconcernedactuallydealindocuments,insteadofgoods.Therefore,banksmustexamineallthedocumentswithgreatcaretomakesurethateverythingisinaccordancewiththetermsandconditionsofthecredit.Asaseller,youshouldalwayshaveaclearunderstandingofyourrisksinconcludingacontractofsaleandrequirementsinrelationtotheworthinessofthebuyer,thepolitical,economicandlegalsituationinthebuyer’scountryandthebuyer’sownliquidity.Thishelpsyoutodecidewhatkindofdocumentaryletterofcredityoumayrequire--revocableletterofcredit,unconfirmedirrevocableletterofcreditorconfirmedirrevocableletterofcredit.(328words)【参考译文】信用证支付在国际贸易中具有重要的意义。商业活动的最终结果就是对所提供货物和服务收回应得的金额，否则一切都失去了意义。在所有的支付方式（汇付、托收和信用证）中，最为广泛使用的当属信用证。信用证是银行信用，不像汇付和托收属于商业信用。它是银行应进口商的要求开立给出口商的一种书面文件。信用证使买卖双方都受到了很好的保护。出口商只要发运了货物便可保证收回货款，而买方在付款之前就能获得对货物的所有权。在信用证支付中，有六方当事人：☆开证申请人（又称开证人，通常是进口商）☆开证银行

☆通知银行☆受益人（通常是出口商）☆议付银行☆付款银行或受票银行信用证的种类很多，其中跟单信用证是国际贸易中最广泛使用的一种。在跟单信用证交易中，买卖双方实际上不是进行货物交易，而是在进行单据交易。因此，双方银行一定要认真地审查所有的单证以确保这些单证与信用证上的条款一致。作为卖方，你应该清楚地了解你在买方的价值和买方的价值、买方国家的政治、经济和法律的情况以及买方自身的流动性的情况下订立销售和要求的合同。作为卖方，你应该始终清楚了解你在订立与买方价值，买方国家的政治，经济和法律状况以及买方自身流动性方面有关的销售合同和要求存在的风险。这有助于你决定什么样的信用证可能需要可撤销的，未经确认的不可撤消的或确认的不可撤销的信用证。SourceText2:经济发展应与环境保护齐头并进。在解决环境问题时，不仅要考虑各国的眼前利益，还要考虑全世界的长远利益。目前，应该首先解决发展中国家的水土流失，沙漠化，植被减少，以及水旱灾等环境污染和生态环境的恶化的问题。这些问题的解决将不仅消除对发展中国家环境与发展的威胁，也对全球的环境保护和经济发展极为有利，中国在经济发展的过程中非常重视环境保护，并且把环境保护作为一项基本国策。中国愿意承担与其发展水平相适应的责任和义务，也愿意和包括亚洲各国在内的国际社会进行合作和交流，为改善全球生态环境，促进入类社会文明做出积极的贡献。只要世界各国本着同舟共济的精神，务实合作，积极行动，就一定能在发展经济的同时保护好地球环境，使之成为人类安居乐业的美好家园。（319words）【参考译文】

Economicdevelopmentshouldgohandinhandwithenvironmentalprotection.Whenwetackleenvironmentalproblems,considerationshouldbegiventoboththeimmediateinterestsofvariouscountriesandthelong-terminterestsofthewholeword.Atpresent,priorityshouldbegiventoaddressingtheenvironmentdegradationproblemsindevelopingcountriessuchassoilerosion,desertification,vegetationreductionandfloodsanddroughts.Thesettlementoftheseproblemswillnotonlyeliminatethethreattotheenvironmentanddevelopmentindevelopingcountries,butalsobenefittheglobalenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicdevelopment.Chinaattachesgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotectionintheprocessofeconomicdevelopment,andmakeenvironmentalprotectionabasicnationalpolicy.Chinaiswillingtoassumeitsresponsibilitiesandobligationsinlinewithitslevelofdevelopmentandisalsowillingtocooperateandexchangewiththeinternationalcommunity,includingAsiancountries,tomakeapositivecontributiontoimprovetheglobalecologicalenvironmentandpromotesocialcivilization.Aslongastheworldcooperatepragmaticallyandtakepositiveactioninthespiritofhelpingeachother,itwillbesuretodeveloptheeconomyatthesametimetoprotecttheEarth'senvironment,makingitabeautifulplacetoliveandworkinpeace.

2012年东华大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.(30points)Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,abbreviationsorterminologyintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.Therearealtogether30itemsinthispartofthetest,15inEnglishand15inChinese,withonepointforeach.1．C.I.F.【答案】到岸价格；成本、保险加运费（cost,insuranceandfreight）2．NNP【答案】国民净产值（NetNationalProduction）3．UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织（UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization）4．DOF【答案】自由度（DegreeofFreedom）5．IQ【答案】智力商数（IntelligenceQuotient）6．R.U.【答案】橄榄球协会（RugbyUnion）7．ZPG【答案】人口零增长（ZeroPopulationGrowth）8．HouseBill

【答案】总公司汇票9．MobilOilCorporation【答案】美孚石油公司10．BillofExchange【答案】汇票11．CustomhouseBroker【答案】报关行；海关代理人12．RevocableLetterofCredit【答案】可撤销信用证13．packedweight【答案】包装重量；毛重14．ExportLicense【答案】出口许可证15．DateofExpiration【答案】截止日期16．单价【答案】UnitPrice17．关税未付【答案】dutyunpaid18．证券交易所

【答案】StockExchange19．输出港【答案】portofexportation20．承运人【答案】afreightagent21．投保金额【答案】insuranceamount22．石油输出国组织【答案】OPEC(OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries)23．花旗银行【答案】Citibank24．运输方式【答案】modeoftransport25．船上交货【答案】FOB(FreeOnBoard)26．交易费用【答案】transactioncost27．见票即付（即期汇票）【答案】SightBill28．发展中国家

【答案】developingcountries29．净利润率【答案】NetProfitRate30．出口价格指数【答案】ExportPriceIndexII.(120points)Directions:Translatethefollowingtwosourcetextsintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.SourceText1:ThisContractsignedin_____(month)on_____(date),_____(year),byandbetween_____(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“Seller”)and_____(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“Buyer”)ontheotherhand.TheSellershallsellanddelivertotheBuyer_____unitsofproductseachunittocontain_____kilogramsofproduct.TheproductdeliveredunderthisAgreementshallconformtothestandardspecificationsfortheproductadoptedbythe_____TradeAssociation.Thepriceshallbe_____dollarsperunit,F.O.B_____(place).ThepricespecifiedaboveisbasedonfreightratesonthegoodsbetweenthewarehouseoftheBuyerandthefactoryoftheSeller.Ifsuchfreightratesincreaseordecrease,thepricespecifiedshallbeadjustedaccordingly.Paymentshallbemadebynetcashagainstsightdraftwithbillofladingattachedshowingtheshipmentofthegoods.Suchpaymentshallbemadethroughthe_____(bank)of_____(place).ThebillofladingshallnotbedeliveredtotheBuyeruntilsuchdraftispaid.IftheBuyerisunabletosellouttheamountofgoodswhichhehasagreedtopurchasefromtheSeller,theBuyermayreducethequantityofgoodstobedeliveredtohimbygivingnoticethereoftotheSellerbeforetheshipmentismade.IftheSellerrefusestoagreetothereductionoftheamountofgoodsto

bedelivered,theSellermaycancelthisAgreement.TheBuyershallgiveshippinginstructionsintimeandprovidenecessaryshippingspace,otherwise,theSellershallnotbeundertheobligationtomaketheshipmentwithinthestipulatedtime.IncaseanypartyfailstoperformanyofitsobligationsunderthisAgreement,theotherpartyreservestherighttocanceltheAgreementafterthedemandinwritingaddressedtothedefaultingparty.Ifthedefaultingpartyhasnotcompliedwiththedemand,theAgreementshallimmediatelyterminate.(345words)【参考译文】本合同由_____（以下称“卖方”）和_____（以下称“买方”）于__年__月__日签订。卖方将出售并交付给买方_____单位产品，每单位装____公斤。依此协议提供的产品要符合_____贸易协会所采用的标准规格。购买价格为_____（地点）船上交货价格，每单位_____元，此价格为买方指定在_____港装货的船上交货价。上述价格是根据卖方工厂至买方仓库间的运费确定的，如果运费增加或减少，规定价格要作相应的调整。即期汇票和所附表明货物发运的提单通过_____银行以现金支付。汇票未付清之前，提单不交给买主。如果买方不能销售他已同意从卖方所购数量的货物，买方可以在卖方发货之前通知卖方减少发货数量。如果卖方不同意减少发货量，可撤消本合同。买方必须及时提供装船通知和必需的舱位，否则，卖方没有义务（责任）按规定的时间装船。如果任何一方未能履行本协议对其规定的义务，另一方向有过错的一方提出书面要求后有保留取消本协议的权利。如果有过错一方未能满足其要求，协议应立即终止

SourceText2:杭州位于浙江省北部，钱塘江北岸，大运河的南端，是中国古老的风景名城。五代时的吴越国和南宋均曾在此建都，历时237年。蜿蜒曲折的钱塘江，穿过浙江西部的崇山峻岭到这里后，江面开阔，景色壮丽。特别是每年中秋前后有钱塘江潮，怒涛奔腾汹涌，蔚为天下大观。美丽迷人的西湖，位于杭州市区的西面，总面积5.6平方公里。湖面波光闪闪，湖边茂林修竹，景色四季宜人。宋朝诗人杨万里有诗云：毕竟西湖六月中，风光不与四时同；接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红。杭州风景奇异，名胜古迹众多，可说是处处引人入胜，令人流连忘返。(242字）【参考译文】Hangzhou,anancientrenownedcityforitspicturesquescenery,issituatedinthenorthernpartofZhejiangprovince,alongthenorthernbankofQiantangRiverandatthesouthernterminusoftheGrandCanal.Hangzhoualsoservedasanimperialcapitalfor237years—firstasthecapitaloftheStateofWuyue(907-978)duringtheFiveDynastiesPeriod,andagainasthecapitaloftheSouthernSongDynasty(1127-1279).Afterrunningthroughhigh|loftymountainridgesofthewesternpartofZhejiang,thewindingQiantangRiverbecomeswiderwithmajesticscenery.EspeciallyaroundtheMoonFestivaleveryyear,onecanenjoytheragingtidalbore,whichisamostspectacularnaturalphenomenon.Lyinginthewestpartofthecity,thecharmingWestLakecoversatotalareaof5.6squarekilometers.Withglisteningwaterandluxurianttreesandbamboogrovesalongitsbank,theWestLakehasattractivelandscapealltheyearround.SongDynastypoetYangWanlioncewroteapoem:“Afterall,thesceneryoftheWestLakeinJuneisdifferentfromothertime;Lotusleavesareextremelygreenextendingtothesky,lotusareespeciallyredunderthesun.”Hangzhouhasmanysceneryspotsandhistoricalsites.Itissofascinatingthatonewillenjoyoneselfsomuchastoforgettogohome.

2013年东华大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.(30points)Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,abbreviationsorterminologyintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.Therearealtogether30itemsinthispartofthetest,15inEnglishand15inChinese,withonepointforeach.1．preferentialpolicy【答案】优惠政策2．maritalstatus【答案】婚姻状况3．customsduties【答案】关税；进口税4．legalpersonrepresentative【答案】法定代表人5．BondedArea【答案】保税区6．ChinaDemocraticLeague【答案】中国民主同盟会7．exitvisa【答案】出境签证8．apolytechnicuniversityofscienceandtechnology【答案】理工科技大学

9．SalesContract【答案】销售合同10．termsandconditions【答案】条款和条件；合同条款11．theprincipleofequalityandmutualbenefit【答案】平等互利原则12．PurchaseConfirmation【答案】购货确认书13．amusementfacilities【答案】游乐设施14．on-the-spotinvestigation【答案】实地考察15．theLanternFestival【答案】元宵节16．外向型经济【答案】export-orientedeconomy17．流动资金【答案】liquidity18．授权书【答案】LetterofAuthorization

19．交流项目【答案】exchangeprogram20．进口许可证【答案】importlicense21．出口信用担保【答案】ExportCreditGuarantee22．年销售额【答案】annualsales23．支柱产业【答案】pillarindustry24．中国特色社会主义【答案】socialismwithChinesecharacteristics25．国际金融中心【答案】InternationalFinanceCentre(IFC)26．技术开发区【答案】technologydevelopmentzone27．自治区【答案】autonomousregion28．海外华侨【答案】overseasChinese

29．改革开放政策【答案】thereformandopening-uppolicy30．独立和主权【答案】independenceandintegrityII.(120points)Directions:Translatethefollowingtwosourcetextsintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.SourceText1:Thisinsurancecovers:(1)TotalorConstructiveTotalLossofthewholeconsignmentherebyinsuredcausedinthecourseoftransitbynaturalcalamities--heavyweather,lightening,tsunami,earthquakeandflood.Incaseaconstructivetotallossisclaimedfor,theinsuredshallabandontotheCompanythedamagedgoodsandallhisrightsandtitlepertainingthereto.Thegoodsoneachlightertoorfromseagoingvesselshallbedeemedaseparaterisk.“ConstructiveTotalLoss”referstothelosswhereanactualtotallossappearstobeunavoidableorthecosttobeincurredinrecoveringorreconditioningthegoodstogetherwiththeforwardingcosttothedestinationnamedinthePolicywouldexceedtheirvalueonarrival.(2)TotalorPartialLosscausedbyaccidents--thecarryingconveyancebeinggrounded,stranded,sunkorincollisionwithfloatingiceorotherobjectsasfireorexplosion.(3)Partiallossoftheinsuredgoodsattributabletoheavyweather,lighteningand/ortsunami,wheretheconveyancehasbeengrounded,stranded,sunkorburnt,irrespectiveofwhethertheeventoreventstookplacebeforeoraftersuchaccidents.(4)Partialortotallossconsequentonfallingofentirepackageorpackagesintoseaduringloading,transshipmentordischarge.(5)Reasonablecostincurredbytheinsuredinsalvagingthegoodsor

avertingorminimizingalossrecoverableunderthePolicy,providedthatsuchcostshallnotexceedthesuminsuredoftheconsignmentsosaved.(6)Lossesattributabletodischargeoftheinsuredgoodsataportordistressfollowingaseaperilaswellasspecialchargesarisingfromloading,warehousingandforwardingofthegoodsatanintermediateportofcallorrefuge.(7)SacrificeinandContributiontoGeneralAverageandSalvageCharges.(8)Suchproportionoflossessustainedbytheship-ownersasistobereimbursedbythecargoownerundertheContractofAffreightmentbothtoblamecollisioncause.(323words)【参考译文】本保险负责赔偿：（1）被保险货物在运输途中由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害造成整批货物的全部损失或推定全损。当被保险人要求赔付推定全损时，须将受损货物及其权利委付给保险公司。被保险货物用驳船运往或运离海轮的，每一驳船所装的货物可视作一个整批。推定全损是指被保险货物的实际全损已经不可避免，或者恢复、修复受损货物以及运送货物到原订目的地的费用超过该目的地的货物价值。（2）由于运输工具遭受搁浅、触礁、沉没、互撞、与流冰或其他物体碰撞以及失火、爆炸意外事故造成货物的全部或部分损失。（3）在运输工具已经发生搁浅、触礁、沉没、焚毁意外事故的情况下，货物在此前后又在海上遭受恶劣气候、雷电、海啸等自然灾害所造成的部分损失。（4）在装卸或转运时由于一件或数件整件货物落海造成的全部或部分损失。（5）被保险人对遭受承保责任内危险的货物采取抢救、防止或减少货损的措施而支付的合理费用，但以不超过该批被救货物的保险金额为限。

（6）运输工具遭遇海难后，在避难港由于卸货所引起的损失以及在中途港，避难港由于卸货，存仓以及运送货物所产生的特别费用。（7）共同海损的牺牲、分摊和救助费用。（8）运输契约订有“船舶互撞责任”条款，根据该条款规定应由货方偿还船方的损失。SourceText2:科学是讲求实际的。科学是老老实实的学问，来不得半点虚假，需要付出艰巨的劳动。同时，科学也需要创造，需要幻想，有幻想才能打破传统的束缚，才能发展科学。科学工作者不应当把幻想让诗人独占了。嫦娥奔月，龙宫探宝等许多幻想，由于科学发展，今天很多都变成了现实。伟大的天文学家哥白尼说过，人类的天职在于勇于探索真理。中国人民历来是勇于探索，勇于创新的。我们一定要打破陈规，披荆斩棘，开拓我国科学发展的道路。既异想天开，又实事求是，这是科学工作者应有的风格。让我们在无穷的宇宙长河中探索无穷的真理！（242字）【参考译文】Scienceispracticallearning,whichtoleratesnofalsenessanddemandstremendousefforts.Meanwhile,italsodemandscreationandfantasy.Onlyfantasycancutofftheboundofthetraditionanddevelopscience.Ladiesandgentlemendoingsciencework!Don’tletpoetstakeadvantageoffantasyalone.Viascience,manyfantasiesinancientChinahavecometrue.Suchfantasiesincludes,forexample,theoneinwhichtheladyChangEwhoswallowedelixirstolenfromherhusbandflewtothemoon,theoneinwhichMonkeySun,thefamousheroinoneoftheChineseclassicmythicalnovels,doveintothe“dragon’spalace”inthedeepwatertosearchfortreasures,andanotherChineseclassicmythicalnovel.ThegreatastronomerKobanysaidman’sboundendutylayintheboldseekingoftruth.Chinesepeoplehavebeenboldinexploration,creationandrevolutionallthroughtheages.WemustbreakwithconventionandchopawaythroughdifficultiesforthedevelopmentofscienceinChina.Itischaracteristicofscienceworkersbothtoindulgeinthewildestfantasyandseektruthfromfacts.Let’sseektheinfinitetruthintheboundlessspace!

2014年东华大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.(30points)Directions:Translatethefollowingwords，abbreviationsorterminologyintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.Therearealtogether30itemsinthispartofthetest，15inEnglishandl5inChinese,withodepointforeach.1．statutorylaw【答案】成文法2．presumptionofinnocence【答案】无罪推定3．partytoacontract【答案】合同当事人4．intangibleassets【答案】无形资产5．CPA【答案】注册会计师（CertifiedPublicAccountant）6．assetportfolio【答案】资产组合7．springcouplets【答案】春联8．theChinesezodiac【答案】生肖

9．bonsai【答案】盆景10．acupuncture【答案】针灸11．negligenthomicide【答案】过失杀人12．circumstantialevidence【答案】间接证据13．VAT【答案】增值税（valueaddedtax）14．quasi--fiscaldeficit【答案】准财政赤字15．filialpiety【答案】孝道16．文房四宝【答案】thescholar’sfourjewels(writingbrush,inkstick,inkslabandpaper)17．礼仪之邦【答案】astateofceremonies18．甲骨文【答案】oracle

19．天人合一【答案】theorythatmanisanintegralpartofnature20．山水画【答案】landscapepainting21．控方证人【答案】prosecutingwitness22．社会保障制度【答案】socialsecuritysystem23．资产负债表【答案】balancesheet24．国民生产总值【答案】GrossNationalProduct(GNP)25．信托投资公司【答案】trustandinvestmentcorporation26．上市公司【答案】listedcompany27．文艺工作【答案】workintheliteraryandartisticfield28．大同社会【答案】UniversalSociety

29．中庸【答案】TheDoctrineofMean30．儒释道【答案】Confucianism,BuddhismandTaoismII.(120points)Directions:Translatethefollowingtwosourcetextsintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.SourceTextl:Achild’sworldisfreshandnewandbeautiful,fullofwonderandexcitement.Itisourmisfortunethatformostofusthatclear-eyedvision,thattrueinstinctforwhatisbeautifulandawe--inspiring,isdimmedandevenlostbeforewereachadulthood.IfIhadinfluencewiththegoodfairywhoissupposedtopresidesoverthechristeningofallchildren,Ishouldaskthathergifttoeachchildintheworldheasenseofwondersoindestructiblethatitwouldlastthroughoutlife,asanunfailingantidoteagainsttheboredomanddisenchantmentsoflateryears,thesterilepreoccupationwiththingsthatareartificial,thealienationfromthesourcesofourstrength.Ifachildistokeepalivehisinbornsenseofwonderwithoutanysuchgiftfromthefairies,heneedsthecompanionshipofatleastoneadultwhocanshareit,rediscoveringwithhimthejoy,excitementandmysteryoftheworldwelivein.Parentsoftenhaveasenseofinadequacywhenconfrontedontheonehandwiththeeager,sensitivemindofachildandontheotherwithaworldofcomplexphysicalnature,inhabitedbyalifesovariousandunfamiliarthatitseemshopelesstoreduceittoorderandknowledge.Inamoodofself-defeat,theyexclaim.“HowcanIpossiblyteachmychildaboutnature--why,Idon’tevenknowonebirdfromanother!”Isincerelybelievethatforthechild,andfortheparentseekingtoguidehim,itisnothalfsoimportanttoknowastofeel.Iffactsaretheseedsthatlaterproduceknowledgeandwisdom,thentheemotionsandtheimpressionsofthesensesarethefertilesoilinwhichtheseedsmustgrow.Theyearsofearlychildhoodarethetimetopreparethesoil.Oncetheemotionshavebeen

aroused--asenseofthebeautiful,theexcitementofthenewandtheunknown,afeelingofsympathy,pity,admirationorlove--thenwewishforknowledgeabouttheobjectofouremotionalresponse.Oncefound,ithaslastingmeaning.Itismoreimportanttopavethewayforthechildtowanttoknowthantoputhimonadietoffactsheisnotreadytoassimilate.(382words)【参考译文】儿童的世界新奇而美丽，充满了惊异和兴奋。可是，对我们多数人来说，还未到成年，这种锐利的目光，这种爱一切美丽的和令人敬畏的事物的天性，就已经变得迟钝，甚至丧失殆尽。这真是我们的不幸。据说，有一位善心的仙女主持所有儿童的洗礼。假如我能对她有所影响的话，我倒想向她提个要求：请她赋予世间的儿童以新奇感（一种能伴随他们终身的无可摧毁的新奇感），并使它成为万灵的解药。有了它，他们在以后的岁月中就会永远陶醉在新奇之中，不致产生厌倦感，不致徒劳地全神贯注于人为的虚假的事物，不致脱离力量的源泉。假如一个儿童没有受到仙女的赐予而想要持久地保持他那天生的新奇感，他至少需要有一个能与他共享新奇感的成年人和他做伴，并且跟他一起不断去发现我们所生活的这个世界中的一切欢乐、刺激和神秘。做父母的常有力不从心之感。一方面，他们要满足孩子那感觉灵敏而又渴望求知的心灵。另一方面，复杂的物质世界却使他们感到难于应付，他们自己对于这个世界形形色色的生活都感到生疏，好像未抱有理出头绪、弄个明白的愿望。他们自己就泄了气，喊道：“我哪能教我的孩子认识大自然！啊，我连两只鸟都分不清哩！”我真诚地相信，对于儿童以及期望引导儿童的父母来说，感觉力比理解力相对更为重要。如果将事实比作是以后会萌发知识和智慧的“种子”的话，那么，情感激情与感官印象就好比是肥沃的“土壤”，“种子”离开它就无法生长。童年早期是准备、培育“土壤”的时期。一旦唤起了内心中的种种情感，如美感、对新鲜事物和未知事物的兴奋感、同情心、恻隐之心、钦慕之情、爱慕之心，我们继而就会希望获得关于引起我们产生情感反应的事物的知识。而这种知识一旦获得，就会产生深远的意义与影响。显而易见，培养、激发孩子的求知欲与探究欲，比像饮食似地让孩子吞咽下他还吸收不了的种种知识更为重要。SourceText2:

画家的作品总有些出人意料之处，每一个系列都有一个明显的变化，大到意境，小到技巧。但正如许多人所感受到的，他的许多画作蕴含了中国古文化的韵味，或清新雅致、或气势雄浑、或温润飘逸，笔端总能读出古意与古风。画家以风景入画，所画山水都在西部，树、山、水，多显现出特定的地域风貌。与东部一平如镜相比，他似乎更喜欢西部的大起大落。他画大山大水，也有剪裁得当的小幅作品。几个系列画下来，画得越多，也就画得越深入。虽然没有长期停留在西部的经历，但是敏锐与善思却帮助他很快从风景表象进入精神内涵。他找到了自然风景的真实，也找到了自己独特的表现途径。他的画风逐渐变得简约而内敛，内心变得平和与淡定，可是在看似轻松的表象下，内在的份量却在增加。（311字）【参考译文】Thepainter’sworkisalwaysabitsurprisingandeachserieshasasignificantchange,frombigoneslikethemoodtosmalloneslikeskills.Butasmanypeoplecanfeel,manyofhispaintingscontainthecharmofChineseancientculture,orfreshandelegant,orpowerful,orgentleandelegant,peoplecanalwaysfeeltheancientmeaningandstyle.Paintersmakelandscapesintothepainting.Thelandscapeisinthewestwithtrees,mountainsandwatershowingaspecificgeographicalstyle.ComparedwiththeflatEast,heseemstoprefertheupsanddownsoftheWest.Hepaintsmountainsandrivers,butalsosomefine-designedsmallworks.Afterpaintingseveralseries,themorepaintingshedraw,thedeeperhecameinto.Althoughtherewasnolongstayexperienceinthewestern,butthekeenandgoodthinkinghelpedhimquicklyshiftfromthelandscapeappearanceintothespiritualconnotation.Hefoundtherealityofnaturalsceneryandhisownuniquewayofexpression.Hisstylegraduallybecomesimpleandrestrainedandhisinnersidebecomecalmandpeaceful,butundertheseeminglyrelaxingsurface,theinternalweightisincreasing.

2016年东华大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.(30points)Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,abbreviationsorterminologyintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.Therearealtogether30itemsinthispartofthetest,15inEnglishand15inChinese,withonepointforeach.1．brandequity【答案】品牌资产2．diversityandinclusion【答案】多元化与包容性3．decisioncriteria【答案】决策标准；决策衡量准则4．referencechecks【答案】背景调查；征信调查5．geographicalscope【答案】地理范围6．careeradvancement【答案】职业发展7．HSBC(HongkongandShanghaiBankingCorporation)【答案】汇丰银行8．importpriceindex【答案】进口价格指数

9．variablecapital【答案】可变资本10．advanceshipment【答案】提前装船11．elastictariff【答案】弹性关税12．arbitrationclause【答案】仲裁条款；公断条款13．commodityeconomy【答案】商品经济14．emergencymeasure【答案】紧急措施；应急措施15．surplusaccount【答案】盈余账户16．损害通知【答案】NoticeofDamage17．分期付款【答案】installmentpayment18．管理权威【答案】ManagerialAuthority

19．可持续增长【答案】SustainableGrowth20．公共关系【答案】PublicRelations21．电子商务【答案】E-Commerce22．连锁反应【答案】chainreaction23．组织目标【答案】organizationalgoals24．劳动力短缺【答案】laborshortage25．商业汇票，汇票【答案】commercialdraft26．净重【答案】netweight27．避难国【答案】countryofrefuge28．偏远地区【答案】remotearea

29．运费免付【答案】carriagefree30．保税区【答案】BondedAreaII.(120points)Directions:Translatethefollowingtwosourcetextsintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.SourceText1:Adocumentorinstrumentcontainingthetermsofanenforceableobligationbetweenthepartiesiscalleda“contract”.Whydoweneedcontract?Theobviousanswerisbecausepromisesshouldbebinding,butinfactthelawonlyenforcescertaintypesofpromise,essentiallythosewhichinvolvesomeformofexchange.Whydoweneedlawsspecificallydesignedtoenforcepromisesinvolvinganexchange?Themajorreasonappearstobethekindofsocietywelivein,whichiscalledamarketcommoditysociety.Insuchasociety,wemakecontractswhenwebuygoodsatthesupermarket,whenwegetonabusortrain,andwhenweputmoneyintoamachinetobuychocolateordrinks.Itwouldbeimpossibletorunasocietyifpromiseswerenotbinding.Infactcontractlawrarelyforcesapartytofulfillcontractualpromises,butwhatitdoesdoistotrytocompensateinnocentpartiesfinancially,usuallybyattemptingtoputtheminthepositiontheywouldhavebeeninifthecontracthadbeenperformedasagreed.Thishasthedoublefunctionofhelpingpartiestoknowwhattheycanexpectifthecontractisnotperformed,andencouragingperformancebyensuringthatthosewhofailtoperformcannotsimplygetawaywiththeirbreach.Thefollowingterracomesfromacontract.“Withrespecttocustomsdutiesandchargesofanykindimposedonorinconnectionwithimportationorexportationorimposedontheinternationaltransfe