东北师范大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》专业硕士历年考研真题及详解合集

目录2010年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2011年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2012年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2013年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2014年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解

2015年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2016年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解

2010年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语或句子译成汉语（15分）1．lifetimeachievement【答案】终身成就2．lyricpoem【答案】抒情诗3．compulsivereader【答案】乐于读书的人4．hardback【答案】精装本5．CentennialNobelPeacePrize【答案】诺贝尔百年和平奖6．apartheid【答案】南非种族隔离政策7．archwaysoftriumph【答案】凯旋门8．UNICEF【答案】联合国儿童基金会(UnitedNationsInternationalChildrensEmergencyFund)9．WorldFoodProgram

【答案】联合国世界粮食计划署10．Dr.HenryKissinger【答案】美国前国家安全顾问基辛格11．toliveuptoitsobligations【答案】履行义务12．preliminarymeeting【答案】筹备会议13．paneldiscussion【答案】小组讨论14．courtesyvisit【答案】礼节性访问15．NotreDameinParis【答案】巴黎圣母院二、将下列短语或句子译成英语（15分）1．简明扼要【答案】beconciseandtothepoint2．博大精深【答案】broadandprofound3．儒家【答案】Confucianism

4．诸子百家【答案】HundredSchoolsofThought5．天下兴亡，匹夫有责【答案】Everymanhasadutytohiscountry.6．民为邦本【答案】Thepeoplearethefoundationofthestate.7．民贵君轻【答案】Thepeoplearemoreimportantthantheruler.8．温饱【答案】subsistence9．小康【答案】moderateprosperity10．阁下【答案】YourExcellency11．作为贵国人民的友好使者【答案】asanenvoyoffriendshipofyourpeople12．提议祝酒【答案】proposeatoast13．“走出去”战略【答案】going-outstrategy

14．应运而生【答案】emergeasthetimesrequire15．弘扬中国文化【答案】popularizeChineseculture三、将下列短文译成汉语（60分）PASSAGEAEating30PercentLessMeatGoodforHealth,PlanetCuttingmeatproductionandconsumptionby30percentwouldhelptoreducecarbonemissionsandimprovehealthinthemostmeat-lovingnations,scientistssaidonWednesday.Usingpredictionmodels,BritishandAustralianresearchersfoundthatimprovingefficiency,increasingcarboncaptureandreducingfossilfueldependenceinfarmingwouldnotbeenoughtomeetemissionstargets.Butcombiningthesestepswitha30percentreductioninlivestockproductioninmajormeat-producingnationsandasimilarcutinmeat-eating,wouldleadto“substantialpopulationhealthbenefits”andcutemissions,theysaid.ThestudyfoundthatinBritain,a30percentlowerintakeofanimal-sourcesaturatedfatbyadultswouldreducethenumberofprematuredeathsfromheartdiseasebysome17percentequivalentto18,000prematuredeathsavertedinoneyear.(141words)【参考译文】科学家于本周三称，如果将最爱食肉国家的肉类生产和消费量减少30%，那么将有助于减少碳排放和改善人们健康。英国和澳大利亚的研究人员通过使用预测模型进行研究后发现，仅靠提高能源使用率、增加碳收集以及降低农业对矿物燃料的依赖还不足以实现减排目标。

但研究人员称，如果在此基础上将肉类主要生产国的家畜产量和肉类消费分别降低30%，则可“极大增进人们的健康”，同时减少碳排放。研究发现，在英国，如果成年人摄入的动物饱和脂肪量减少30%，那么因心脏病而早逝的病例数可减少17%，相当于一年避免1.8万例早死病例。PASSAGEBUnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoods(CISG)TheStatesPartiestothisConvention,BearinginmindthebroadobjectivesintheresolutionsadoptedbythesixthspecialsessionoftheGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitedNationsontheestablishmentofaNewInternationalEconomicOrder.ConsideringthatthedevelopmentofinternationaltradeonthebasisofequalityandmutualbenefitisanimportantelementinpromotingfriendlyrelationsamongStates.Beingoftheopinionthattheadoptionofuniformruleswhichgoverncontractsfortheinternationalsaleofgoodsandtakeintoaccountthedifferentsocial,economicandlegalsystemswouldcontributetotheremovaloflegalbarriersininternationaltradeandpromotethedevelopmentofinternationaltrade.【参考译文】联合国国际货物买卖合同公约本公约各缔约国：铭记联合国大会第六届特别会议通过的关于建立新的国际经济秩序的各项决议的广泛目标，考虑到在平等互利基础上发展国际贸易是促进各国间友好关系的一个重要因素，认为采用照顾到不同的社会、经济和法律制度的国际货物销售合同统一规则，将有助于减少国际贸易的法律障碍，促进国际贸易的发展。四、将下列短文译成英语（60分）PASSAGEA

吉林省位于中国东北地区的中部，亦是东北亚地区的腹地。全省幅员面积为19.1万平方公里，辖8个市和1个自治州，人口2716万。共拥有耕地554万公顷，林地805万公顷。吉林省西部拥有广袤无限的草原和农田。湿地、沼泽、水库等遍布其中，具有发展优质畜牧业、杂粮杂豆和开发水产业的良好生态条件，也是油料、糖料和细毛羊商品生产基地。(157字)【参考译文】LocatedinthecentralpartofnortheastChina,JilinProvinceishinterlandofNortheastAsiaaswell.Ithasanareaof191,000squarekilometers,coveringeightmunicipalitiesandoneautonomousprefecturewithapopulationof27.16million.Ithas5.54millionhaofarablelandand8.05millionhaofforests.InthewestofJilinProvincehasvastboundlessgrasslandandfarmland,inwhicharealotofwetland,swampandreservoirs.Therefore,ithasafairlygoodecologicalenvironmenttodevelophigh-qualityanimalhusbandry,plantgrainswithbeansandstartaquaculture.It’salsotheproductionbasofoil,sugarandfinewool.PASSAGEB鱼，我所欲也；熊掌，亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼，舍鱼而取熊掌者也。生，亦我所欲也；义，亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也。(60字)(选自《孟子·告子上·鱼我所欲也》)【参考译文】Menciussaid:“FishiswhatIwouldliketoeat;bear'spawisalsowhatIwouldliketoeattoo.IfIcan'thavethetwo,Iwillgiveupthefishandtakethebear'spaw.LifeiswhatIneedandjusticeisalsowhatIneed,ifIcan’tgettheboth,Iwillinsistjusticeinsteadofmylife.”2011年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语译成汉语1.IMF【答案】国际货币基金组织2.NASDAQ【答案】纳斯达克3．star-relatedhotel【答案】星际酒店4．WorldNaturalHeritagessite【答案】世界自然遗产地5．capitalflight【答案】资金外流6．theUNcharter【答案】联合国宪章7．environmental-friendlyagriculture【答案】生态农业8．alandofmilkandhoney【答案】鱼米之乡9．currentaccount【答案】活期存款账户

10．specialenvoy【答案】特使11．asuicidebomber【答案】自杀性炸弹袭击者12．aplasticsurgeryhospital【答案】整形医院13．nonverbalcommunication【答案】非言语交际14．secondaryandhighervocationaleducation【答案】高等职业教育15．CarryingCapacityofEnvironment【答案】环境负荷二、将下列短语译成英语1．经典旅游线路【答案】recommendationofclassictouritineraries2．公证人【答案】notarypublic3．绿色观光【答案】GreenTourism4．国民生产总值

【答案】GrossNationalProduct5．汇率【答案】exchangerate6．君主立宪制【答案】constitutionalmonarchy7．花样游泳【答案】synchronizedswimming8．消费价格指数【答案】consumerpriceindex9．弹性工资【答案】flexiblepay10．民间外交【答案】people-to-peoplediplomacy11．外交豁免权【答案】diplomaticimmunity12．反恐【答案】anti-terrorist13．垃圾食品【答案】junkfood14．道家学说

【答案】Taoism15．电动汽车【答案】electriccar三、将下列短文译成汉语PASSAGE1Peoplethinkingabouttheoriginoflanguageforthefirsttimeusually,arriveattheconclusionthatitdevelopedgraduallyasasystemofgrunts,hissesandcriesandmusthavebeenaverysimpleaffairinthebeginning.However,whenweobservethelanguagebehaviorofwhatweregardasprimitivecultures,wefinditsurprisinglycomplicated.ItwasbelievedthatanEskimomusthaveatthetipofhistongueavocabularyofmorethan10,000wordssoastogetalongreasonablewell,muchlargerthantheactivevocabularyofanaveragebusinessmanwhospeaksEnglish.Moreover,theseEskimowordsarefarmorehighlyinflectedthanthoseofanyofthewell-knownEuropeanlanguages,forasinglenouncanbespokenorwritteninsomehundreddifferentforms,eachhavingaprecisemeaningdifferentfromthatofanyother.Theformsoftheverbsareevenmoremultiple.TheEskimolanguageis,therefore,oneofthemostdifficultintheworldtolearn,withtheresultthatalmostnotradersorexplorershaveeventriedtolearnit.Consequently,therehasgrownup,incommunicationbetweenEskimosandwhites,ajargonsimilartothepidginEnglishusedinOldChina,withavocabularyoffrom300to600uninflectedwords.MostofthemarederivedfromEskimobutsomearederivedfromEnglish,Danish,Spanish,Hawaiianandotherlanguages.ItisthisjargonthatisusuallyreferredtobytravelersastheEskimolanguage.【参考译文】第一次考虑语言起源问题的人们往往会得出这样的结论，即语言是从人们的咕哝、喊叫逐渐发展起来的，并且开始肯定是很简单的。然而，当我们观察原始文化的语言行为时，却是惊人地复杂。据说爱斯基摩人必须掌握10000个单词以便很好地交流，远远要比一个说英语的商人所掌握的词汇量多得多。而且，这些爱斯基摩单词远比欧洲任何语种都要有

影响力，因为爱斯基摩的一个简单的单词就可以被书写成几百种不同的形式，每种形式还都有一个不同于其他形式的明确意义。动词的形式就更多了。所以毫无疑问，世界上最难学的语言——爱斯基摩语就几乎没有商人或是探索者想去尝试学习了。因此，在爱斯基摩人和白种人的交流中，类似于原来中国用的洋泾浜语的习语就应运而生了，其中大概有300到600个不受外界影响的单词。这些词汇大部分来源于爱斯基摩语，但是也有些来自英语、丹麦语、西班牙语、夏威夷语和其他语言。这种行话是供旅游者们作为爱斯基摩语使用的。PASSAGE2Whatthetitlementionedabovewouldbeapieceofcakefortheeldergenerations,butnowcausedastrongpublicconcernamongthecouplesborninthe1980sand1990s.Thehusbandsbelievethatthewivesareborntodohousework,whereasthewivessuggestthatthesexualequalityshouldnotonlybeemphasizedintheworkplaces,butalsobereflectedinthehousemanagement,sinceallthenewgenerationofthe1980sand1990sgrewupunderthelovefromtheirparents.Furthermore,thewivesadded,tobeamoderngentleman,thehusbandsshouldshouldertheirresponsibilitiesbothinthesocietyandathome.Ofcourse,somecoupleswouldprefertodohouseworktogether,fortheyguessitmaybeagoodwaytoreducetheconflictandincreasetheirlovetoeachother.Well,couplesborninthe1980sand1990s,whodoyouthinkshoulddohousework?【参考译文】夫妻双方谁来承担家务活？这在老一辈中本是很好处理的事情，在80后夫妻中，却会因为争执不下引起轩然大波。男人们认为女人做家务天经地义，女人们认为大家都是独生子女，都是被父母宠着长大的，而且现在男女平等，都要忙自己的工作，所以做家务上也要男女平等，而且现代好男人就应该做家务。也有夫妻们认为，共同做家务可以减少矛盾、增进感情。那么80后夫妻们，你们现在是谁来做家务呢？四、将下列短文译成英语PASSAGE1(30分)先生不知何许人也，亦不详其姓字，宅边有五柳树，因以为号焉。闲静

少言，不慕荣利。好读书，不求甚解；每有会意，便欣然忘食。性嗜酒，家贫不能常得。亲旧知其如此，或置酒而招之；造饮辄尽，期在必醉。既醉而退，曾不吝情去留。【参考译文】TheGentleman'splaceofbirthisnotknown,norishisnameorsurname.Heiscalledsuchbythefactthatfivewillowtreesgrowbesidehishouse.Heisaquietman,beingoflittlespeech.Hepursuesnoglory,normaterialgain.Heisfondofreading,butindulgesnotinhair-splitting.Eachtimehecomestounderstandsomethingheissohappythatheforgetshismeals.Helikeswine;butbeingpoorhecannotobtainitoften.Hisrelationsandoldacquaintancesknowingthisoccasionallyinvitehimtodrink;andeachtimehegoes,heissuretofinishallthewine,orbecomequitedrunk;andhavingnotgotdrunkhewouldretire,caringlittletostayortodepart.PASSAGE2(30分)远程教育属于正规教育，它打破了传统的课堂教学模式。远程教育与传统教育相比有两大区别，即远程教育具有灵活性和开放性，不受时空和学习进度的限制。教师在一处授课，而学生在另一处学习，打破了时空限制。有些学生由于工作、家庭或是地理条件的限制等原因无法接受传统教育，而远程教育可以为他们提供受教育的机会。学生学习的地点可以是配有通信设备的校园、工作单位或者自己家里。授课可以实时或非实时进行。师生交互以及生生交互可以融入到教学过程中去。远程教育可以是学历教育，学生可获得学士学位或硕士学位，远程教育也可以是非学历教育，学生可取得职业资格证书、获得在职培训乃至终身学习的机会。【参考译文】Distancelearningisaformaleducationalprocessthatbreaksthetraditionalmodeofclassroomteaching.Therearetwokeydifferencesbetweentraditionaleducationanddistancelearning.Distancelearningaddsflexibilityandavailability,regardlessoftime,place,orpaceoflearning.

Hereaninstructorteaches,andsomewhereelseastudentlearns,regardlessofbarriersoftimeorplace.Distancelearningreachesouttonon-traditionalstudentswhomustfittheirstudiesaroundworkplace,familyresponsibilities,andgeographicalbarriers,etc.Studentscanbeatsatellitecampus,attheworkplace,orathome.Instructionmaytakeplaceinrealtimeoronatime-delaybasis.Interactivitybetweenstudentandinstructor,aswellasstudentsthemselvescanbebuiltintoaprogram.Theoutcomecanbeabachelor'sdegreeoramaster'sdegree,professionalcertification,on-the-jobtraining,orlife-longlearning.

2012年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语译成汉语1．Bioticcommunity【答案】生物群落2．Stagnation【答案】经济萧条3．Aggregatedemand【答案】总需求量4．Grindingpoverty【答案】极度贫困5．Midfielder【答案】中场队员6．Bioclimaticfactor【答案】生物气候因素7．Workingdrawing【答案】设计图8．Raisond’etat【答案】国家利益9．EuropeanCouncil【答案】欧洲理事会

10．Cardiovasculardisease【答案】心血管疾病11．Braindrain【答案】人才流失12．Patronsaint【答案】守护神13．Sulphurdioxide【答案】二氧化硫14．Orphanage【答案】孤儿院15．Biologicaldeterminism【答案】生物决定论二、将下列短语译成英语1．扶贫工作【答案】Povertyalleviation2．债券【答案】bond3．知识产权【答案】intellectualproperty4．钦差大臣

【答案】imperialenvoy5．申办奥运会【答案】bidfortheOlympicGames6．植物细胞和组织培养【答案】PlantCellandTissueCulture7．关税【答案】tariff8．军备竞赛【答案】armsrace9．多极化【答案】multi-polarization10．前所未有的【答案】unprecedented11．在职培训【答案】on-the-jobtraining12．农历【答案】lunarcalendar13．制冷剂【答案】Refrigerant14．新陈代谢

【答案】metabolism15．生殖性克隆【答案】reproductivecloning16．电动汽车【答案】electriccar三、将下列短文译成汉语PASSAGE1FormostAmericanfamilies,there’sonemajormoney-relatedtraditionassociatedwithThanksgiving:BlackFridayshopping.Butforothers,bargainhuntingtakesabackseattoafinancialrealitycheck.Theyusethistimetogetherasanopportunitytodiscussandreviewahostoffinancialissuesrangingfromestateplanningandwillstoinvestmentandphilanthropy.Andfinancialadvisers,whosometimesattendmoreformalversionsoftheseThanksgivingconversations,havemuchtoshareintermsofwhatdirectionthesemeetingscantake.Theystressthatwithalittlepreparation,andalotofnon-confrontationalgoodwill,familiescancomeoutwithanincreasedsenseofconnectedness,cooperationandsharedvision.Still,it’shardtogaugehowfamilymemberswillreact,eventothemostinnocuousstatements.Everytribehasitsmoreemotionalandmelodramatictypes,andsoit’scrucialtolimitthechancesofmisinterpretationoroutbursts.Thismaybeespeciallytrueifyoungeradultsareinvolvedandfeelcorneredinfrontofthewholefamily,expertssay.Listeningisthemostimportantpart,saysBenTobias,presidentofTobiasFinancialAdvisorsinPlantation,Florida.IfasonordaughterwantstojointhePeaceCorpsinsteadofgetamoretraditionaljob,findoutthereasonswhy,andrememberthatdoingsomethingfortwoorthreeyearscanbeavaluableexperience.Butask,Haveyougivenanythoughttoyourplansafterthat?Youwantthemtolookalittlemoreinthefuturethanjustimmediate

gratification.【参考译文】对于大多数美国家庭来说，有个主要的与钱有关的传统也和感恩节相关：“黑色星期五”购物。但是对于其他人来说，买便宜货倒是处于次要地位，更重要的是审视财务状况。他们利用感恩节的聚会来探讨并回顾众多财务问题，从房产计划、遗嘱，到投资和慈善，多种多样。财务咨询师对于会议的方向上有很多经验可以分享，这些咨询师有时还参加更正式的感恩节交流会。他们强调，只需要稍许准备，友善且不针锋相对，家庭成员就能在交流中更具互通、合作和共享的意识。但是我们依然很难估计家庭成员会作何反应，甚至是对一些无伤大雅的表述。每个家族都有自己情绪化和戏剧性的风格，所以减少误解或者情感爆发的几率至关重要。专家认为，如果有年轻人参加，而且感觉遭到整个家庭的排挤时，这一点尤为真切。“倾听是最重要的，”佛罗里达州普兰泰申的托比亚斯财务顾问公司总裁本•托比亚斯说道。如果儿女想加入美国和平队，而不是找一份更传统的工作，“找出原因，而且记住，花两三年做点事情是宝贵的人生经历。但要问问，‘你有没有想想这之后怎么办？’你想要子女们多想想未来，而不是暂时满足。”PASSAGE2ForgetexpensiveeducationalDVDsandprivatetutors,thesecrettosmartchildrencouldbeassimpleasgivingbirthtothemtwoyearsapart.Researcherswhostudiedthousandsofchildrenfoundatwo-yeargaptobeoptimuminboostingbrainpower.Anyshorter,andthereadingandmathsskillsoftheolderchilddipped.Theeffectwasstrongestbetweenthefirstandsecond-born,butsiblingsinbiggerfamiliesalsobenefited.ThetheorycomesfromKaseyBuckles,aneconomistwhoseownchildrenare,ratherfortunately,justovertwoyearsapartinage.Shesaiditislikelythatthedifferenceinacademicachievementislinkedtothetimeandresourcesparentscaninvestinachildbeforeayoungersiblingarrives.However,waitingmorethantwoyearsdidnotincreasetheadvantage,theJournalofHumanResourceswillreport.(136words)

【参考译文】忘了昂贵的教学光碟和家教吧，想让孩子聪明，秘诀很简单，就是第一胎和第二胎的出生相隔两年。研究人员研究了成千上万名小孩后发现，要增进小孩的智力，最好是在两胎间相隔两年。间隔时间再短的话，年长的孩子的阅读和数学技能都会下降。这一影响在第一胎和第二胎孩子身上最为强烈，不过大家庭中有兄弟姐妹的孩子也会因此而收益。得出这一理论的是经济学家凯西·巴克尔斯，挺幸运的是，她自己的小孩的出生间隔时间正好是两年多一点。她说，学习成绩的差别可能和父母在更小的孩子出生之前能够投入到孩子身上的时间和资源有关。不过，《人力资源杂志》却报道说，超过两年后再生第二个小孩并不会让孩子的智力更有优势。四、将下列短文译成英语PASSAGE1柳敬亭者，扬之泰州人，本姓曹。年十五，犷悍无赖，犯法当死，变姓柳，之盱眙市中为人说书，已能倾动其市人。久之，过江，云间有儒生莫后光见之，曰:“此子机变，可使以其技鸣。”于是谓之曰:“说书虽小技，然必句性情，习方俗，如优孟摇头而歌，而后可以得志。”敬亭退而凝神定气，简练揣摩，期月而诣莫生。生曰:“子之说，能使人欢咍嗢噱矣。”又期月，生曰:“子之说，能使人慷慨涕泣矣。”又期月，生喟然曰:“子言末发而哀乐具乎其前，使人之性情不能自主，盖进乎技矣。”(250字)【参考译文】JingtingLiu’sfamilynamewasCao,whowasfromTaizhouofYangzhou.Whenhewasfifteenyearsold,hewasfierceandimpetuousandviolatedthecriminallaw.Hewassupposedtobesentencedtodeath,therefore,hechangedhisfamilynamefromCaotoLiuandescapedtothecityofXuyutotellstoriesforothers.Hecouldmakeothersmovingandhaveagoodimpressionforhimbytellingstoriesatthattime.Afteralongtime,hearrivedatSongjiangofJiangnanwhereanintellectualcalledGuangMomethimandsaid:“Thispersonissmartandintelligent,wecanhelphimpromotinghisperformance,whichwillcontributetoourfame.”SohesaidtoLiu:“Althoughtellingstoriesisakindofhumbleskill,you’llhavetosketchthe

peopleinthestoriesandbeacquaintedwithlocalcustomsandpracticesofeveryplace.YoushouldlearnMengYouinSpringandAutumnPeriodwhocansatirethesocietybysingingandobscurewordstoachievethegoal.”WhenLiucamebackhome,hedevotedhimselftotellingstoriesandpracticedagainandagain.Afteronemonth,hewenttoseeMo,whosaidtohim:“Youcanmakeothershappyandlaughaloud.”Anothermonthpassed,Mocouldn’thelpsaying:“Yourskillhasachievedthehighestdegreeforyoucanexpressyoursadnessandhappinesswithoutsayinganywords.”PASSAGE2绝大多数中国人对观赏自然不感兴趣，更不要说花钱来观赏自然。有些人是迫于参加政府资助的研究，但当项目经费用完，很少人还会继续下去。享受未经开发的环境，对中国人来说并不是天经地义的事。我们喜欢看有关自然的画，而不是大自然本身，喜欢一尊木雕佛像，而不是走进树木生长的森林；让我们的孩子呆在教室里接受有关荒野大教育，而不是带他们去亲身体验自然。游客的这种态度是中国生态旅游也发展异常缓慢的原因。消费者不愿过度接近自然，所以旅游业忽视了像玉石村这样的地区。由于很少人愿意欣赏玉石村的美，人们通常寄希望于出手阔绰的外国游客，但是这一希望也很渺茫。(260字)【参考译文】ThevastmajorityofChinesearenotinterestedinenjoyingnature,letalonespendingmoneyonnature.Somepeopleareobligedtotakepartintheresearchsupportedbygovernment.However,whenprojectcostisconsumedtotally,fewpeoplewillcarryon.Enjoyingtheundevelopedenvironmentisnotamust-dothingtoChinese.Weloveseeingpicturesofnatureinsteadofnatureitself,weloveaBuddha’ssculpturemadeofwoodinsteadofwalkingintotheforestsfullofwoods;Weaskourchildrentostayintheclassroomtoacquiretheknowledgeofwildernessinsteadofbringingthemtotherealnature.AttitudesoftouristscontributetotheextremelyslowdevelopmentofecotourisminChina.Consumersareunwillingtobeclosetonature,sotourismignoreplaceslikeYushivillage.FewChinesecanappreciatethe

beautyofYushi,however,chancesareslimthathigh-spendingforeigntouristsareabletoappreciate.

2013年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语译成汉语（15分）1．Economicdynamics【答案】动态经济学2．Nuclearproliferation【答案】核扩散3．Internationalreservecurrencies【答案】国际储备货币4．Stooplabor【答案】弯腰劳动5．Headtheballhome【答案】头球破门6．Herdcapacity【答案】放牧能力7．Wearandtear【答案】损耗;磨损8．Machtpolitik【答案】强权政治9．RotatingEUpresidency【答案】欧盟轮值主席国

10．Anti-depressant【答案】抗抑郁剂11．Brainexchange【答案】人才交换12．Ready-madecard【答案】现成的贺卡13．Nitricacid【答案】硝酸14．Ethicalissue【答案】伦理问题15．Thehumangenomerace【答案】人类基因组二、将下列短语译成英语（15分）1．转基因作物【答案】geneticallymodifiedcrops2．(工程)转包【答案】subcontract3．核心竞争力【答案】corecompetence4．领事裁判权

【答案】consularjurisdiction5．亚运会【答案】theAsianGames6．杂交水稻【答案】hybridrice7．无息贷款【答案】interest-freeloan8．裁军【答案】disarmament9．联合国维和活动【答案】UNspeacekeepingactivities10．因病返贫【答案】illness-relatedpoverty11．电视现场直播【答案】liveTVbroadcast12．鞭炮【答案】firecrackers13．耐受力【答案】TOLERANCE14．隔热层

【答案】insulatinglayer15．治疗性克隆【答案】therapeuticcloning三、将下列短文译成汉语PASSAGE1（40分）It’slikethefactsoflifetalkwithourkids;noonewantstohaveit,butyouhavetodoit,saysEleanorBlayney,consumeradvocatefortheCertifiedFinancialPlannerBoardofStandards.PeopleworrythatiftheysitdownwithMomorDad,itwillbeawkwardordifficult.Butitsimportanttoopenupaboutyourgoalsandaspirations,andthenaskpeopleinthefamilywhattheirsituationis.Youmodeltheconversationbysharingwhereyouare.Conversely,Blayneysaysthesemeetingsmaygoonegenerationup,wheretheneedsofagingparentsorgrandparentsgetdiscussed.Thatgetstrickyformany,asthreeoutoffourAmericanshaveneverdiscussedlong-termcarewiththeirlovedones,accordingtoGenworth’s2011FinancialRealityCheckStudy.Ifthatsubjectisontheagenda,bestraightforwardanddon’ttakefamilymembersbysurprise,saysGenworthnationalspokespersonWendyBoglioli.Tellyourfamilythatyouhavesomethingimportantyouwanttotalkaboutanddoitinacomfortable,pleasantsetting.Withelderparents,youhavetoaskthemiftheyneedsomehelpwithlivingexpenses,medicalexpenses,allsortsofthings,addsBobStammers,headofinvestoreducationfortheCFAInstitute,aglobalnonprofitofinvestmentprofessionalsfrommorethan100countries.Somepeopledontliketotalkaboutit,andsoyouhavetocomeatitfromtheheart.Theoldergenerationdoesn’tliketoadmittheyneedsomehelp.【参考译文】“这有点像跟孩子讨论性知识，没人想这样，但你必须得做。”注册金融

策划师标准委员会的消费者权益倡导者埃莉诺•布莱尼说道。“人们担心坐下来和父母谈话很尴尬很艰难。但是坦诚地说出目标和愿望很重要，之后询问一下家人的近况。和他人分享你的境况可以引导谈话。”但布莱尼却认为这些聚会可能变成“上一代”大讨论，讨论上年纪的父母或者祖父母的需求。这对很多人来说很棘手，房地产信托投资机构盖恩沃斯的2011年财务状况审视研究报告显示，3/4的美国人从未与家人讨论过长期照料问题。盖恩沃斯公司的全国发言人温迪•博格利奥利说，如果这个话题提上议事日程，“直截了当地提出来，不要让家庭成员感到惊讶。告诉你的家人，你有重要的事想说，谈话要在舒适愉悦的氛围中进行。”投资管理研究协会的投资者教育主管鲍勃•斯塔莫尔斯说：“对年迈的父母，你必须问问他们生活开销、医疗费用等等用不用帮忙。有些人不喜欢谈这些，因此你需要用心去说。老年人不喜欢承认自己需要帮助。”投资管理研究协会是一家全球性的投资专业资格非赢利性机构，会员来自100多个国家。PASSAGE2（20分）SingerChrisWaltonisbetterknownbyherstagenameTheDutchessinUSstatesNevadaandCalifornia.Buthervoiceisfarfromthefirstthingyouwouldnoticeifyoubumpedintoherinthestreet.The45-year-oldwomanhastheworldslongestfingernails.Shestoppedcuttingthem18yearsago,andnowhernailshavenowreachedanincredible20feet.Thebizarrenailscurlinalldirectionsyetthemotheroffivecooksandcleans,andcanevenplaythepianoanduseacomputer.Heramazingdedicationtohernailshasbeenofficiallyrecognisedbythe2012editionoftheGuinnessRecordBook.Shepaintedthemadazzlinggoldtocelebrate.(117words)【参考译文】据英国《每日邮报》11月28日报道，在美国内华达州和加利福尼亚州，歌手克丽丝·沃尔顿更广为人知的是她的艺名“公爵夫人”。但如果你在街上与她偶遇，她的声音绝对不会是你第一件注意到的事。这名45岁的女性拥有世界上最长的指甲。从18年前起她开始不再修剪，到如今，她的指甲已经长到了令人难以置信的20英尺。这罕见的长指甲向不同的方

向卷曲着——但是这位五个孩子的母亲仍能做饭、清洗，甚至弹钢琴和使用电脑。她对指甲的令人惊讶的养护已经正式确认将被载入2012年《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》。为了庆祝这件事，她把指甲全部涂成了耀眼的金色。四、将下列短文译成英语PASSAGE1（30分）曾子这妻之市，其子随之而泣。其母曰：“女还，愿反为女杀彘。”妻适市来，曾子欲捕彘杀之。妻止之曰：“特与婴儿戏耳。”曾子曰：“婴儿非也戏也!婴儿非有知也，待父母而学者也，听父母之教。今子欺之，是教子欺也。母欺子，子而不信其母，非以成教也。”遂烹彘也。(130字)（注：彘：猪。）【参考译文】Zengzi’swifewasgoingtothemarket.Herlittlesoninsistedongoingwithher,makingatearfulscene.“Stayathome,”shesaidtotheboy.“WhenIcomeback,Iwillslaughterapigforyou.”Whenshecameback,Zengzigotreadytoslaughterthepig.Hiswifestoppedhim,saying:“Iwasjustkidding.”“Achildisnottobekiddedlikethat!”hereplied.“Achilddoesnotknowmuchandcannotjudgeforhimself.Helearnsfromhisparentsandlistenstowhattheyday.Tolietohimistoteachhimtolietoothers.Ifamotherliestoherson,hewillnottrustheranymore.Howisshethentoeducatehim?”WiththatZengziwenttoslaughterthepigandprepareagoodmealfortheirson.PASSAGE2（30分）当今中国仍面临着实现工业化的任务，那么，如何利用和借鉴日本的工业化技术和经验来加快中国工业化，就成为我国发展对日关系的根本利益所在。而日本也需要从中国的快速经济增长和充满活力的改革中获益，这又成为日本发展对华关系的根本利益所在。中日两国有着各自的生产要素优势，如劳动力、土地、技术、资金，管理等，发展中日经济

合作可以促使两国各自优势的活力竞相迸发，这也是发展中日经贸关系的根本目的之所在。(195字)【参考译文】Chinaisstillfacedwiththetaskofrealizingindustrialization.Hence,thefundamentalinterestsofChina’srelationswithJapanlieinhowtomakeuseofandlearnfromJapan’stechnologyandexperiencetoaccelerateChina’sindustrialization.WhileonJapan’spart,itisoffundamentalinteresttobenefitfromChina’srapideconomicgrowthandenergeticreform.ChinaandJapanhavetheirrespectiveadvantagesregardingproductivefactors,suchaslaborforces,land,technology,capitalandmanagement.DevelopingSino-Japaneseeconomiccooperationcanhelpactivatetherespectiveadvantagesofthetwocountries,whichisalsoafundamentalobjectiveindevelopingSino-Japaneseeconomicandtraderelationship.

2014年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语译成汉语1．vulnerability【答案】脆弱性2．bioticcommunity【答案】生物群落3．productivepower【答案】生产力4．exchangerate【答案】汇率5．deport【答案】驱逐出境6．letterofcredit【答案】信用证7．herdcapacity【答案】放牧能力8．arthritis【答案】关节炎9．arbitrationclause【答案】仲裁条款

10．chronicdisease【答案】慢性病11．equalityandmutualbenefit【答案】平等互利12．feastday【答案】节日13．drugtrafficking【答案】贩毒14．Honduras【答案】洪都拉斯15．ASEAN【答案】东盟二、将下列短语译成英语1．版图【答案】territory2．汇款(额)【答案】remittance3．优化【答案】optimize4领事裁判权

【答案】consularjurisdiction5．阁下【答案】Excellency6．无息贷款【答案】interest-freeloan7．裁军【答案】disarmament8．政治大国【答案】politicalpower9．可行性【答案】feasibility10．耐受力【答案】TOLERANCE11．维修和置换【答案】Repairandreplacement12．生殖性克隆【答案】reproductivecloning13．国情【答案】nationalconditions14．腐败

【答案】corruption15．弱势群体【答案】vulnerablegroups三、将下列短文译成汉语PASSAGE1ErnestHemingway(1899-1961)isoneofthebestknownandmostinfluentialAmericannovelistandshort-storywriters.Inallhislife,Hemingwaywasfascinatedbywar-inWorldWarI，heworkedfortheRedCrossontheItalianFront,intheSpanishCivilWarandWorldWarII，heservedasawarreporter.Hisexperiencesandobservationsprovidedhimwithmaterialsandbackgroundsformanyofhisbestworks,inwhichheconcernedhimselfwithman’scourageinfacingstrongphysicalforces.“Graceunderpressure”wasHemingwaysdefinitionofcourage.Inhisview,lifeispainfulandcomplex.Theonlywaytosurviveistofacewhatcomeswithhonor,dignity,strength,knowledgeandendurance.Hemingwaysoverallmessage,asestablishedinTheOldManandtheSea(1952),hisnearlyflawlessshortnovelwhichgainedhimthePulitzerPrizein1953andtheNobelPrizein1954，isthatalthoughlifeisalonely,losingbattle,itisastrugglethatamancandominateinsuchawaythathislosshasdignityandisitselfavictory.【参考译文】欧内斯特·海明威（1899–1961）是最著名并且最有影响力的美国长、短篇小说家之一。在他的一生中，海明威痴迷于战争——在第一次世界大战中，他在意大利前线为红十字会工作，在西班牙内战与第二次世界大战中，他曾做过战地记者。他的经历和对生活的观察给他许多佳作提供了素材和背景，在那些作品中他将自己与人类在面临强烈身体挑战时的勇气联系起来。“压力之下的优雅”是海明威对于勇气的定义。在他看来，生活是痛苦和复杂的。活下去的唯一办法就是用荣誉，尊严，力量，知识和坚持去面

对随之而来的一切。海明威的全部理念已经在1952年创作的近乎完美的短篇小说《老人与海》中确立，这本书曾在1953年为他夺得普利策文学奖，并在1954年获诺贝的失败不失尊严，那么这本身就是胜利，这个人就是其人生的主宰者。PASSAGE2Thereisrelativelylittleliteratureavailableontheimpactsofextremeclimateeventsonlivestock.Nevertheless,storms,blizzardsanddroughtsareanimportantconcernforlivestockoperations.Inadditiontothedirecteffectsonanimals,stormsmayresultinpoweroutagesthatcandevastatefarmsthatareheavilydependentuponelectricityfordailyoperations.Thiswasexemplifiedbythe1998icestormineasternOntarioandsouthernQuebec,whenthelackofpowerleftmanydairyfarmsunabletousetheirmilkingmachines.Thisthreatenedthehealthofthecows(duetopotentialmastitis)andcausedsignificantrevenuelosses.Milkrevenuewasalsolostthroughtheinabilitytostorethemilkatthepropertemperature.Furthermore,thelackofelectricitymadeitdifficulttoprovideadequatebarnventilationandheating,therebymakingtheanimalsmoresusceptibletoillness.【参考译文】虽然有关极端气候事件对家畜影响的现有文献相对较少，但毫无疑问，暴风雨、暴风雪和干旱是影响家畜业的重要因素。除了对牲畜的直接影响外，暴风雨会导致电力供应中断。那些高度依赖电力的农场的日常运作，将受到严重影响。例如，1998年安大略省东部和魁北克南部遭受暴风雪时，许多产奶场因缺电无法使用挤奶机器。从而威胁奶牛的健康（因为可能导致乳腺炎），并对农户收入造成严重损失。牛奶无法在合适的温度下存放也导致了销售收入的减少。此外，缺电还容易导致谷仓通风不畅，供暖不足，使奶牛易于患病。PASSAGE3Aselsewhere,CastrolhasadoptedapremiumpricingstrategyinVietnam,whichisconsistentwiththecompany’sattempttobuildaglobalbrandimageofhighquality.CastroloilcostsaboutUS$1.5perliterinVietnam,aboutthreetimesasmuchasthepriceofcheaperoilimportedfromTaiwanandThailand.Despitethehighpriceofitsproduct,Castrolclaimsitisgaining

shareinVietnamasitsbrandingstrategywinsconverts.CastrolhashadtotailoritsdistributionstrategytoVietnam’suniqueconditions.Inmostcountrieswhereitoperates,Castroldividesthecountryintoregionsandhasasingledistributorineachregion.【参考译文】与其他地方一样，嘉实多石油公司在越南采用了一种高端定价策略，这与该公司试图打造高品质的全球品牌形象相一致。在越南，嘉实多的石油价格约为每升1.5美元，约为从台湾和泰国进口的廉价石油价格的三倍。尽管该产品的价格很高，但嘉实多公司称其在越南的品牌战略赢得了消费者的认同。不得不为越南的特殊情况量身定制其分销策略。在其运营的大多数国家，嘉实多将这个国家划分为多个地区，每个地区都有一个单一的分销商。四、将下列短文译成汉语PASSAGE1辽宁省位于中国东北地区南部，东临朝鲜。简称辽，取省内辽河流域永久安宁之意。1929年始称辽宁省。这里是我国清王朝的发祥地，前清历史和文物遗迹众多。其中