大学英语四级写作专题讲解-20211102161611

大学(dàxué)英语四级写作专题第一页，共113页。菜单(cài

dān)概述四级写作难点(nádiǎn)分析学生写作现状分析四级写作得高分技巧四级作文解析四级考试评分标准第二页，共113页。概述(ɡài

shù)

大学英语四级新题型考试第一部分(bù

fen)是写作，写作写得如何会直接影响以后的做题。短文写得得心应手，对后面的答题可起到事半功倍的作用，否则就有可能功亏一篑。四级写作的体裁包括说明文、议论文和应用文。写作的素材或要求可以是中文、英文和图表。写作字数在120字以上，写作的时间为30分钟，但你应留少量时间作最后的检查。写作既考查你的思考判断能力，也考查你的表达能力。因此，你应对一些校园、社会新闻和常识有一定的认识和见解，并能够有层次地、结构完整地在文章中清楚表达你的

观点。第三页，共113页。四级写作(xiězuò)难点分析难点一：主观判分，有所影响难点二：体裁多样(duō

yànɡ)，难度较大难点三：老题新出，千变万化第四页，共113页。学生(xué

sheng)写作现状分析1.理缺词穷2.偏爱(piān

ài)长句3.重复啰嗦4.单调无味5.结构混乱6.错误连篇7.无话可说第五页，共113页。学生写作(xiězuò)现状分析第一、英语底子太薄。

第二、词汇(cíhuì)量太小，且对已学词汇

(cíhuì)记忆不清。第三、缺乏思想，深度不够。第四、缺乏应试技巧。第六页，共113页。四级写作(xiězuò)高分技巧一、卷面整洁(zhěngjié)，书写清楚。二、构思简单，少犯错误。三、中心突出，层次分明。四、固定经典，名言注目。五、重在变化，宁简勿滥。第七页，共113页。

一、文章(wénzhāng)的基本结构二、写作实例分析四级作文(zuòwén)解析第八页，共113页。文章(wénzhāng)的基本结构概论文章的基本结构(jiégòu)写作的三段论模式第九页，共113页。一、概论(gàilùn)

文章是由段落构成，而段落的基本结构是由主题句、支撑句和结尾句所构成，它的具体结构可以(kěyǐ)用以下的图表加以表示：1/2第十页，共113页。二、文章(wénzhāng)的基本结构2/2第十一页，共113页。写作(xiězuò)的三段论模式

大学英语四级写作通常采用三段论模式，即：开头段(introduction)主体(zhǔtǐ)段(body

paragraph)结尾段(conclusion)第十二页，共113页。(一)开头(kāi

tóu)段开头段概论常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的开头段的表达方法开头段的常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)核心句型第十三页，共113页。开头(kāi

tóu)段概论

对于(duìyú)大学英语四级的写作考题来说，限于篇幅，其开头段一般都不长。

然而，这寥寥几句话却占有十分重要的

地位，它表达的是整篇文章的主题思想。在议论文中，我们称之为中心论点，它

起到驾驭全文的作用。一个意义清晰、

明确的开头段，将有助于读者理解全文；一个精彩、新颖的开头段还能激起读者

的阅读欲望。第十四页，共113页。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的开头段的表达方法使用引语（use

a

quotation）

引用具体或粗略的数据(shùjù)（use

figures

orstatistics）提出问题（ask

a

question）

给出具体实例或报道（offer

relevant

examples

oreports）定义法（give

definition）主题句法（use

of

topic

sentence）第十五页，共113页。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的开头段的表达方法●使用引语（use

a

quotation）使用一段名人名言，或人们常用的谚语、习语，以确定文章的写作范围(fànwéi)和方向。如：“Great

minds

must

be

ready

not

only

to

take

theopportunity,

but

to

make

them.”

Colton,

a

greatwriter

once

remarked.

But

it

still

has

a

profoundsignificance

now.

To

a

person,

in

whose

lifetimeopportunities

are

not

many,

to

make

opportunities

imore

essential

to

his

success.分析：开头引用Colton的名言说明“创造机会”对于成功的重要性，点明主题。第十六页，共113页。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的开头段的表达方法●引用具体或粗略的数据（use

figures

or

statistics）当然对于图表题型，该种方法是必须的选择，具体做法是给出一些具体或粗略的数据，然后作出概括性分析，点明主题或引出需要论述的问题。如：As

is

demonstrated

in

the

table,

more

and

more

collegegraduates

are

out

of

a

job

in

our

country,

which

is

a

seriousproblem

to

our

economic

development

and

social

security.

It

isestimated

that

in

2004,

there

are

500,000

unemployed

graduatesmore

than

30%

higher

than

in

2002.分析：文章(wénzhāng)引用2004年找不到工作的毕业生达到50万这一数据来说明大学生找工作难这一现象的严重性，很有说服力。第十七页，共113页。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的开头段的表达方法●提出问题（ask

a

question）提出有争议或探讨性的具体问题，然后加以简要回答或展开引导性简短讨论(tǎolùn)。如：What

do

you

want

from

your

work

Money

PromotionsInteresting

challenges

Continual

learning

Work-basedfriendships

The

opportunity

to

develop

your

own

idea

andpotentials

Though

we

are

all

individuals

and

so

our

answerswill

differ,

all

agree

that

work

provide

more

than

materialthings.分析：文章开头提出“你想从工作中得到什么”这一问题，然后自问自答，指出工作除了物质利益，还可以给我们带来很多其它收获这一结论。第十八页，共113页。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的开头段的表达方法

●给出具体实例或报道（offer

relevant

examples

orreports）给出具体生活实例或新闻报道如：As

regards

the

stress

for

college

students,there

has

ba

heated

discussion

among

the

public

in

the

society.It

was

reported

that

a

student

killed

four

of

his

classmat

just

because

of

a

trivial

matter.It

can

be

easily

seen

pressure

has

become

a

serious

issue

we

cannot

neglect.分析：文章通过引用(yǐnyòng)新闻报道的一个实例，说明了大学生心理问题的严重性。第十九页，共113页。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的开头段的表达方法●定义法（give

definition）针对讨论的主题或问题加以定义，然后进行(jìnxíng)深入探讨。如：As

we

all

know,

practice

makes

perfect.

This

is

anaccumulated

experience

we

inherit

from

our

forefatherand

now

it

is

still

widely

applied

to

our

daily

life.

Itmeans

that

the

more

we

practice,

the

more

likely

we

aregoing

to

do

things

perfectly.分析：文章用It

means

that这一句型，说明了practicemakes

perfect的含义。第二十页，共113页。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的开头段的表达方法●主题句法（use

of

topic

sentence）文章一开始就以主题句点明全文主题，然后围绕主题内容进行发展。如：Nowadays

one

of

the

serious

problems

China

isfaced

with

is

the

increasing

illiteracy

among

theadolescents.

According

to

a

recent

survey

by

Dr.

Li,dean

of

Educational

Department

of

Beijing

NormalUniversity,

about

18%

of

the

children

between

8and

15

years

old

have

dropped

out

of

school

acrossthe

country.分析：文章开头即提出中国的文盲(wénmáng)现象日益严重这一问题，然后再用实例数据加以佐证。第二十一页，共113页。开头段的常用核心(héxīn)句型●

As

opposed

to

generally

accepted

views,

I

believthat

…The

arguer

may

be

right

about

…,

but

he

seems

toneglect

to

mention

the

fact

that

….Although

it

is

commonly

agreed

that

…,

it

isunlikely

to

be

true

that

….There

is

an

element

of

truth

in

this

statement,

buit

ignores

a

deeper

and

more

basic

fact

that

….In

all

the

discussion

and

debate

over

…,

oneimportant

fact

is

generally

overlooked.第二十二页，共113页。开头段的常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)核心句型

●

On

the

surface

（At

first

thought）,

it

（this）

mseem

a

sound

（an

attractive）suggestion

（solution

/

idea）,

but

careful

weighingon

the

mind

（on

closer

analysis

/

on

second

thought）we

find

that

…Although

many

people

believe

that

…,

I

wonderwhether

the

argument

bears

much

analysis第二十三页，共113页。开头段的常用核心(héxīn)句型

●

The

danger

（problem

/

fact

/

truth

/

point）

isthat….I

agree

with

the

above

statement

because

I

believe

tt

….

●

There

is

a

public

controversy

nowadays

over

the

issuof

….

Those

who

object

to

…argue

that

….

But

people

who

favor

…,

on

the

otherhand,

argue

that….第二十四页，共113页。开头(kāi

tóu)段的常用核心句型

●

Currently

（In

recent

years

/

In

the

past

few

yearsFor

many

years

now）,

there

is

（hasbeen）

a（n）

general

（widespread

/

growing

/widely

held）

feeling

towards

（concern

over

/attitude

towards

/

trend

towards

/

awareness

of

/realization

of

/

illusion

of

/

belief

in）….As

far

as

I

am

concerned,

however,

I

believethat

….Now

it

is

commonly

（widely

/

generally

/increasingly）

believed

（thought

/

held

/accepted/

felt

/

recognized

/

acknowledged）that

….

But

I

wonder

（doubt）

whether

…第二十五页，共113页。(二)主题(zhǔtí)段主体段概述

主体段段落(duànluò)扩充方法第二十六页，共113页。主体(zhǔtǐ)段概述

主体段的写作方法(fāngfǎ)是多种多样的，而不同的方法(fāngfǎ)会产生不同的效果，不同的方法(fāngfǎ)需用不同的组织形式。因此，在动笔之前，必须先选择好所采用的方法(fāngfǎ)，然后根据自己所选的方法(fāngfǎ)确定相应的结构形式，才能把文章写好。第二十七页，共113页。主体段段落扩充(kuòchōng)方法一、列举法（Listing）二、举例法（Exemplification）三、分类法（Classification）

四、比较(bǐjiào)对照法（Comparisonand

Contrast）五、因果法（Cause

and

Effect）第二十八页，共113页。列举(lièjǔ)法（Listing）定义

也叫枚举法。是一种在主题句中提出论

点，然后列举一系列论据或原因对主题

进行(jìnxíng)论证或阐述的方法。列举的顺序可以按照所列各点内容的相对重要

性、时间、空间顺序等进行(jìnxíng)。第二十九页，共113页。列举法作文(zuò

wén)例子To

get

the

most

out

of

your

textbook

you

shouldfollow

several

steps

very

carefully.

First,

you

shomake

a

preliminary

survey

of

each

book

to

get

ageneral

idea

of

what

the

book

contains.

Second,

youshould

read

for

deeper

understanding

and

formulatequestions

as

you

read.

Next,

make

notes

of

the

major

point

of

each

chapter.

Then,

test

yourself

tobe

sure

that

you

can

answer

questions

likely

to

beraised

in

class

or

in

examinations.

Finally,

reviewyour

notes

and

reread

any

parts

of

the

book

that

areunclear

to

you.第三十页，共113页。常用于列举(lièjǔ)法的过渡连接词

first,

second,

third,

etc.;

in

the

first

plathe

second

place;

first

of

all,

first

andforemost;

to

begin

with,

to

start

with;

forone

thing,

for

another;

also,

besides,furthermore,

moreover,

in

addition,

what

ismore;

above

all;

next;

beyond

that;

initialeventually,

last

but

not

least…..第三十一页，共113页。举例(jǔ

lì)法（Exemplification）定义

作者通过(tōngguò)举出具体事例来阐述、说明主题句的内容。严格地讲，举例法

也是列举法的一种，它们的区别在于：

列举法侧重罗列事实，所列事实力求全

面；而举例法侧重通过(tōngguò)举出典

型事例来解释作者的观点，且事例可多

可少。第三十二页，共113页。举例法作文(zuò

wén)例子

There

are

many

different

forms

of

exercises

to

suitdifferent

tastes.

For

example,

those

who

enjoycompetitive

sports

may

take

up

ball

games.

For

anotherexample,

if

they

prefer

to

exercise

alone,

they

can

hava

run

or

take

a

walk

in

the

morning

or

in

the

evening.Besides,

people

can

go

swimming

in

the

summer

and

goskating

in

the

winter.

In

short,

no

matter

what

theirinterests

are,

people

can

always

find

more

than

one

spothat

is

suitable

to

them.第三十三页，共113页。举例法中常见(chánɡ

jiàn)的过渡性词语

for

example,

for

instance,

as

an

example,

asan

illustration,

such

as/

such,

a

case

in

pois,

to

illustrate,

in

particular,

specificasay,

next,

namely,

that

is,

like,

take

…

asexample,

etc.第三十四页，共113页。分类法（Classification）定义(dìngyì)

在阐述(chǎnshù)某一概念的段落中，常用分类法。通过对概念中所包括的事物进行分门别类地叙述，使读者有更为清晰的认识。第三十五页，共113页。分类法作文(zuò

wén)例子Ever

since

humans

have

lived

on

the

earth,

they

have

made

use

of

variousforms

of

communication.

Generally,

this

expression

of

thoughts

andfeelings

has

been

in

the

form

of

oral

speech,

when

there

is

a

languagebarrier,

communication

is

accomplished

through

sign

language

in

whichmotions

stand

for

letters,

words

and

ideas.

Tourists

and

the

people

unablto

hear

or

speak

have

had

to

resort

to

this

form

of

expression.

Many

ofthese

symbols

of

whole

words

are

very

vivid

and

exact

and

can

be

usedinternationally;

spelling,

however,

cannot.

Body

language

transmits

ideor

thoughts

by

certain

actions,

either

intentionally

or

unintentionallynod

signifies

approval,

while

shaking

the

head

indicates

a

negativereaction.

Other

forms

of

language

can

be

found

in

signal

flags,

Morse

codand

picture

signs.第三十六页，共113页。常见(chánɡ

jiàn)的用以分类的词语

动词(dòngcí)：sort(into),divide(into),classify,group,fall

into,etc.

名词：sorts,classes,groups,categories,types,kinds,aspects,etc.第三十七页，共113页。比较对照(duìzhào)法（Comparison

and

Contrast）定义

比较对照法由比较和对照两部分(bù

fen)组成，但两者往往一起用以阐述两者或者更多事物间的异同，常用于说明文和议论文写作。比较描述的是所比对象的相同、类似点，而对照则强调所描述对象之间的不同，甚至相反之处。

常用的比较对照的结构模式有两种，即整块比较法和逐点比较法。

在整块比较法中先集中描述A，再集中描述B。其模式为：A1、A2、A3……B1、B2、B3……第三十八页，共113页。第一种模块(mó

kuài)例子Computers

have

both

favorable

and

unfavorable

aspects.First,

computers

can

calculate.

They

can

make

work

more

efficient

for

they

have

a

highspeed

of

calculation.

Besides,

people

can

communicate

with

each

other

by

E-mail,which

costs

people

less

money

and

less

time.

Most

important

of

all,

computers

createwide

communication

around

the

world.

People

can

communicate

with

each

other

via

theInternet.

They

can

make

friends

all

over

the

world.But

every

coin

had

two

sides.

The

negative

aspects

are

also

apparent.

To

beginwith,

since

computers

can

do

a

lot

of

work

for

us,

such

as

calculation,

we

may

relytoo

much

on

then

and

become

lazier

and

lazier.

To

make

matters

worse,

although

itis

convenient

for

people

to

communicate

with

each

other

by

E-mail,

the

originalwarm

relationship

may

become

cold,

for

people

will

have

fewer

opportunities

totalk

to

each

other

face

to

face.

Worst

of

all,

computers

can

spread

viruses

caused

byelectronic

hackers

resulting

in

a

lot

of

important

information

being

lost.第三十九页，共113页。第二种模块(mó

kuài)及例子逐点比较法是A、B双方同时逐点描述(miáo

shù)，其模式为：A1

B1

A2

B2

A3

B3……例如：A

proverb

says,

“Like

father,

like

son.”

But

the

proverb

doesn’t

seem

to

fit

mygrandfather

and

my

father

because

they

have

more

differences

than

similarities.First,

my

grandfather

is

introverted,

while

my

father

is

extroverted.

We

can

easily

reawhat

is

on

my

father’s

mind,

but

it

is

hard

to

find

out

what

my

grandfather

is

thinkingabout.

Next,

my

grandfather

is

always

indifferent

to

children.

He

seldom

talks

withchildren

and

the

children

are

somewhat

afraid

of

him.

In

contrast,

my

father

is

verywarm-hearted

to

children.

He

likes

to

talk

with

them,

so

the

children

in

my

family

alllike

him.

Finally,

my

grandfather

is

obstinate.

Once

he

had

made

a

decision,

he

neverchanges

it.

However,

my

father,

even

after

he

has

made

a

decision,

will

ask

others

foropinions.

If

he

thinks

the

opinions

are

reasonable,

he

might

change

his

mind.Although

my

grandfather

and

my

father

resemble

each

other

very

much

in

appearance,they

differ

in

character,

thinking

and

behavior.第四十页，共113页。常见(chánɡ

jiàn)的比较对照的过渡性词语常用的表示比较的过渡性词语(cíyǔ)有：

similarly,

likewise,

correspondingly,

in

a

similar

way,

in

the

sameway,

too,

like,

resemble,

similar

to,

equal

to,

equally,

important,both…and…,

the

same

as常用的表示对照的过渡性词语(cíyǔ)有：

on

the

one

hand,

on

the

other

hand,

on

the

contrary,

in/

by

contrast,in

contrast

to,

in

sharp

contrast,conversely,

otherwise,

however,nevertheless,

but,

yet,

(al)though,

even

though,

whereas/

while,

itrue…but,

instead,

unlike,

rather

than,

in

spite

of,

contrast

withdiffer(ent)

from,

contrary

to第四十一页，共113页。因果(yīnguǒ)法（Cause

and

Effect）定义

因果(yīnguǒ)法经常用以阐述原因，回答

“为什么”这类问题，分析事物发展的

前因后果，也多见于说明文和论述文。

因果(yīnguǒ)关系的普遍性决定了因果(yīnguǒ)关系的复杂性，通常因果(yīnguǒ)关系模式有一因一果、一因多果、一果多

因和多果多因等，而以因果(yīnguǒ)方式扩展段落时通常可采用先因后果或先果

后因的一因多果或一果多因模式，其中

的多因或多果用通常以枚举方式列举。第四十二页，共113页。因果(yīnguǒ)法作文例子

The

role

of

women

in

today’s

society

is

changingOne

reason

is

that

women

have

begun

to

assertthemselves

as

independent

people

through

thewomen’s

movement.

Also,

women

are

aware

ofthe

alternatives

to

staying

at

home.

Another

reais

that

increasing

numbers

of

women

who

enternew

fields

of

interest

serve

as

role

models

forother

women.

Moreover,

men

are

becoming

moreconscious

of

the

abilities

of

women

and

havebegun

to

view

their

independence

positively.第四十三页，共113页。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的表示因果关系的过渡性词语

because,

as,

since,

for,

owing

to,

because

odue

to,

on

account

of,

as

a

result

of,

for

threason,

result

from,

thus,

so,

therefore,accordingly,

consequently,

for

this

reasonon

that

account,

as

a

result,

as

aconsequence,

it

follows

that…,

result

in,contribute

to第四十四页，共113页。（三）结尾(jiéwěi)段结尾段概述常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的结尾段的表达方法结尾段常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的的核心句型第四十五页，共113页。结尾(jiéwěi)段概述

开头和结尾往往(wǎngwǎng)是读者注意

最多的部分。开头引起读者注意，提出

主题；结尾与开头呼应，使读者感觉全

文论述完整，圆满结束。从某种意义上

来说，结尾更容易给读者留下深刻印象。人们常把好的文章结尾称作是“画龙点

睛”，可见结尾部分对整篇文章所起的

作用。第四十六页，共113页。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的结尾段的表达方法总结归纳重申主题预测展望提出建议提出问题(wèntí)引用格言第四十七页，共113页。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的结尾段的表达方法●总结归纳简要总结归纳文章要点，以便深化主题印象。如：In

conclusion

I

would

like

to

say

that

children

need

tounderstood

but

children

also

need

to

understand

theirparents.

It

is

only

when

parents

and

children

come

tounderstand

each

other

that

we

can

solve

problemseffectively

and

narrow

the

generation

gap.分析：文章通过in

conclusion引出(yǐn

chū)对前面所作论述的归纳，使主题更加明确。第四十八页，共113页。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的结尾段的表达方法●重申主题再次(zài

cì)强调和确定文章开头阐述的中心思想。如：Admittedly,

science

has

created

atomic

bombs

andproduced

pervasive

pollution.

But

it

has

transformed

tlives

of

millions

of

people.

It

has

multiplied

man’senergy,

hopes,

ambitions

and

understanding.

It

haselevated

and

will

continue

to

elevate

man

intellectualand

spiritually.分析：文章对前文的观点进行了重复，使之更加鲜明。第四十九页，共113页。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的结尾段的表达方法●预测展望立足当前，放眼未来。如：So

to

sum

up,

we

should

offer

our

help

to

allwho

are

in

need.

We

expect

to

get

love

from

others

and

we

also

give

love

to

others.

I

believethat

the

relationship

between

people

will

beharmonious

and

our

society

will

be

a

better

placefor

us

to

live

in.分析：文章通过对未来积极(jījí)的展望，说明了爱在生活中的重要性。第五十页，共113页。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的结尾段的表达方法●提出建议提出解决问题的途径、方法或呼吁人们采取相应的行动。如：As

the

issue

plays

such

a

key

role

in

our

society,sufficient

attention

should

be

paid

from

both

thegovernment

and

the

public.

The

government

shouldmake

sure

that

the

census

is

well

carried

out

and

thepeople

should

be

actively

involved

in

the

census.分析：文章在结尾从政府和公众两个角度提出建议，以保证(bǎozhèng)人口普查的顺利进行。第五十一页，共113页。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的结尾段的表达方法●提出问题提出具有发人深省的问题，从而突出中心思想。如：Old

people

may

choose

to

live

alone

for

themselves

andeven

embrace

this

living

pattern.

But

in

the

deep

part

of

theirhearts,

they

must

feel

lonely.

They

need

their

children

to

staywith,

to

talk

with,

and

take

care

of

them.

Why

can’t

youngpeople

think

of

the

days

when

they

are

getting

old分析：文章最有用一个反问句“年轻人为什么不想想自己年老时的情形”来提醒他们将心比心，设身处地，去关心父母(fùmǔ)双亲。第五十二页，共113页。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的结尾段的表达方法●引用格言用格言、谚语或习语总括全文中心思想。如：Many

yeas

ago,

a

great

philosopher

Francis

Baconremarked

that

“Knowledge

…

is

power.”

This

can

nowbe

translated

into

contemporary

terms.

In

our

socialsetting,

“Knowledge

is

change”—and

acceleratingknowledge-acquisition,

fueling

the

great

engine

oftechnology,

means

accelerating

change.分析:文章借用培根“知识(zhī

shi)就是力量”名言的结构，指出“知识(zhī

shi)就是变化”以深化主题，给读者留下深刻的印象。第五十三页，共113页。结尾(jiéwěi)段常用的的核心句型

●

From

what

has

been

discussed

above

（Taking

into

account

allthese

factors

/

Judgingfrom

all

evidence

offered）,

we

may

safely

draw

（reach

/

cometo

/

arrive

at）

the

conclusion

that

….All

the

evidence

（analysis）

supports

（justifies

/

confirmwarrants

/

points

to）

a（n）unshakable

（unmistakable

/

sound

/

just）

conclusionthat

….It

is

high

time

that

we

place

（lay

/

put）

great

（special

/considerable）

emphasis

onthe

improvement

（development

/

increase

/

promotion）of

….第五十四页，共113页。结尾段常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的的核心句型●

It

is

high

time

that

we

put

an

end

to

the

deep-seated（unhealthy

/

undesirable

/deplorable）

situation

（tendency

/

phenomenon）

of

….We

must

look

（search

/

call

/

cry）

for

an

immediate

action（method

/

measure）,because

the

present

（current）

situation（phenomenon

/

tendency

/

state

/

attitude）

of

…,

ifpermitted

（allowed）

to

continue

（proceed）,

will

surely（certainly）

lead

to

（result

in）

the

end

（destruction

/heavy

cost）

of

….第五十五页，共113页。结尾段常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的的核心句型●

There

is

no

easy

（immediate

/

effective）

solution（approach

/

answer

/

remedy）

tothe

problem

of

…,

but

…

might

be

useful

（helpful

/beneficial）.No

easy

method

（solution

/

recipe

/

remedy）

can

be

athand

（found

/

guaranteed）

to

solve

（resolve

/

tackle）

theproblem

of

…,

but

the

common

（general

/

public）recognition

of

（realization

of

/

awareness

of

/

commitmentto）

the

necessity

（importance

/

significance）

of

…

mightbe

the

first

step

towards

change

（on

the

right

way

/

in

the

rightdirection）.第五十六页，共113页。结尾段常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的的核心句型

●

Following

these

methods

（suggestions）

may

notguarantee

the

success

in

（solutionto）…,

but

the

pay-off

will

be

worth

the

effort.Obviously

（Clearly

/

No

doubt）,

if

we

ignore（are

blind

to）

the

problem,

there

isevery

chance

that

….Unless

there

is

a

common

realization

of（general

commitment

to）

…,

it

is

very

likely（the

chances

are

good）

that

….第五十七页，共113页。结尾(jiéwěi)段常用的的核心句型

●

There

is

little

doubt

（no

denying）

thaserious

（special

/

adequate

/

immediate

/further）

attention

must

be

called

（paid

/devoted）

to

the

problem

of

….It

is

necessary

（essential

/

fundamentathat

effective

（quick

/

proper）

action（steps/measures

/

remedies）

should

be

taken

toprevent

（correct

/check

/

end

/

fight）

thesituation

（tendency

/

phenomenon）.第五十八页，共113页。结尾段常用的的核心(héxīn)句型●

It

is

hoped

that

great

efforts

should

be

directed

to（expended

on

/

focused

on）

finding（developing

/

improving）

….It

remains

to

be

seen

whether

…,

but

the

prospect（outlook）

is

not

quite

encouraging（that

rosy）.Anyhow,

wider

（more）

education

（publicity）should

be

given

to

the

possible（potential

/

grave

/serious

/

pernicious）consequences

（effects）

of

….第五十九页，共113页。结尾(jiéwěi)段常用的的核心句型●

To

reverse

（check

/

control）

the

trend（tendency）

is

not

a

light

task

（an

easyjob）,and

it

requires

（demands

/

involves

/entails）

a

different

state

of

mind

towards（attitude

towards

/

outlook

on）

….For

these

reasons,

I

strongly

recommendthat

….For

the

reasons

given

above,

I

feelthat

….第六十页，共113页。二、写作(xiězuò)实例分析议论文说明文应用文第六十一页，共113页。议论文概论(gàilùn)议论文段落结构议论文案例（1）议论文案例（2）第六十二页，共113页。概论(gàilùn)

议论文的第一种形式(xíngshì)是要求考生针对某一有争议性的两种观点，来阐述

自己的立场，或对这一问题反映出的某

一观点进行驳斥，然后提出自己的看法

并加以论证。它的基本形式(xíngshì)是：一些人认为……；另一些人认为……；

我的看法……。这种文章的基本结构如

下：第六十三页，共113页。议论文段落(duànluò)结构Paragraph

1

Introduction(启)Paragraph

2

Analysis(承)Paragraph

3

Conclusion(转合)第六十四页，共113页。议论文案例(àn

lì)(1)例如(lìrú)：1.一些人认为数据库威胁个人隐私

2.另一些人认为数据库有利于提高工作效率3.我的看法My

view

on

Data

Collection第六十五页，共113页。My

view

on

Data

Collection

Data

collection

is

a

fact

of

modern

life.Some

argue

that

data

collection

isendangering

the

rights

of

individuals,though

others

see

it

as

a

useful

tool

whichincreases

efficiency.(启)To

be

frank,Ibelieve

data

collection

does

more

good

thanharm.(作者(zuòzhě)观点)第六十六页，共113页。My

view

on

Data

Collection

For

one

thing,

databases

provide

a

very

usetool.

Large

databases

which

containinformation

on

many

individuals

can

enablemore

effective

decisions

to

be

made.Institutions

such

as

government

departmentsand

police

rely

ondata

collection

in

order

to

operate

efficienand

hospitals

use

computerized

records

to

hein

their

fight

against

disease.(承1)第六十七页，共113页。My

view

on

Data

Collection

For

another,databases

stored

oncomputer

can

also

be

very

efficient.Datawhich

has

been

collected

in

one

area

can

besent

anywhere

in

the

world

almost

instantlyThis

means

that

those

who

have

legitimateaccess

to

this

data

can

work

very

efficientl(承2)第六十八页，共113页。My

view

on

Data

Collection

In

summary,data

collection

onindividuals

can

be

justified,although

allpossible

measures

should

be

taken

tominimize

the

risks.(转合)第六十九页，共113页。议论文案例(àn

lì)(2)

议论文的第二种形式是要求考生针对某一有争议性的观点，表明自己的观点(同意或是(huò

shì)不同意)，并提出相应的论证。如：Direction:It

is

very

important

that

children

shouldstudy

hard

at

school.

Time

spent

playingsport

is

time

wasted.

Do

you

agree

ordisagree?

Give

yourreasons.第七十页，共113页。议论文案例(àn

lì)(2)

We

could

argue

that

children

go

to

school

tostudy

so

that

they

may

become

fullyproductive

adults

and

good

citizens.

Weshould

ask

whether

playing

sport

helpschildren

to

become

betterpeople.If

so,sport

is

not

a

waste

of

time.(启)第七十一页，共113页。议论文案例(àn

lì)(2)It

is

generallybelieved

that

students

need

more

than

theknowledge

of

a

subject.

They

need

to

knowhow

to

work

in

groups

to

achieve

a

mutualgoal,

how

to

work

as

a

team.

Where

better

tolearn

those

skills

than

on

the

sports

field?Any

of

the

team

sports

involve

coordinationwith

other

players,understanding

and

adopting

a

team

mentality.These

skills

are

too

useful

to

be

ignored.

(1)第七十二页，共113页。议