高二下学期开学考试英语6

2024学年郑州市宇华实验学校高二下学期开学摸底考试英语考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必用黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚；2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，在试卷上作答无效；3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ＡHerearesomehostels(旅社)thatwillhelpyousavemoneywhenyou’retravelinginToronto,Canada.HIHostelTorontoHIHostelTorontoreallygetswhattravelersneed.Thehostelisinacentrallocationclosetoeverythingyouneed(shopping,restaurants,subwayandmore).It’sveryeasytomeetpeopleherebecausethereisabarthathostslivemusic.Thebedsaresuperfortablesoyoucanhaveagoodsleep.Freebreakfastisincluded.Bedsfrom$45everynight.TwoPeasPodHostelTwoPeasPodHostelrunsastoreandacafé.Theyhaveasuperrooftop(屋顶)(youcanseetheCNTowerfromit)andaminimovietheater.Theirbedsaresupercoolandfortable.Theyhavelockersunderneaththemsoyoucankeepallyourthingssafe.It’salmostlikestayinginamodernhotelbutwiththefunofahostel.Enjoyagreatstaywithfreebreakfast.Bedsfrom$59everynight.TheOnlyBackpacker’sInnThisisyourstandardbackpackerhostel.Theyhaveabarandacafé.There’snofreebreakfastbutthemoneyyousavemakesupforthat.It’slocatednearthesubwaysoyoucaneasilygetaroundthecity.It’sagoodchoicefortravelerstomeetpeople.Bedsfrom$37everynight.TheParkdaleHostellerieThisisthemostaffordablehostelwithfreebreakfastinthecity.It’snotascentralastheotherhostelsbutthatalsomakesoneofitsadvantages:itisfarfromnoise.Thehostelisnotthemostmodernbutithasaweling,homeyfeel.Bedsfrom$26everynight.1．WhatcantravelersdoatHIHostelToronto?A.Drinkcoffeeatacafé.B.Watchalivemusicshow.C.SeetheCNTowerontherooftop.D.Watchafilmataminimovietheater.2．WhatmakesTheOnlyBackpacker’sInndifferentfromtheothers?A.Itrunsastoreandacafé. B.Itoffersfortablebeds.C.Itdoesn’tofferfreebreakfast. D.It’sclosetopublictransportation.3．Whichhostelshouldyouchooseifyouwanttoliveinaquietplace?A.HIHostelToronto. B.TwoPeasPodHostel.C.TheOnlyBackpacker’sInn. D.TheParkdaleHostellerie.ＢAstheCOVID19appeared,manypeople’slifechanged.AtthebeginningofMarch2020,Boylan,aprofessorofMedicineJonBae,wentfromworkingonsitetobeinganotherroleasahealtheconomicanalyst(分析家)ofDukeUniversityHealthSystem.Andamonthintothepandemic(流行病),hisdaughter,Elora,wasborn.ThepasttwoyearsdrewBoylanclosertohiswife,Katie,“Duringthetimeofthepandemic,Iamnotoneofthosepeoplewhohavetimetolearnhowtobakebreadoranything,”Boylansaid.“Ithink,intermsofpersonalgrowth,Ihavelearnedmuchabouthowtoliveahappylife.”ByOctoberof2020,thepandemichadlastedforseveralmonths,andMelanieThomaswasfeelingdown.“HowdoIhavearichandfulllifeduringthisspecialtimeandkeepapositiveattitude?”Thomasaskedherself.Shedecidedthatsheneededagoalthatshecouldworkoutuntiltheworldopenedup.Forthenextseveralmonths,Thomasbeganrunning,workingoutatasociallydistantgym,andwalkedasmuchasshecouldeveryday.WhilethetriptoNepalwasthegoal,theexercisetoprepareforitbecameacentralpieceofherselfcareroutine.Afewweeksago,MaryAtkinsonbeganspendingtheremainingdaylightafterworksettingupagardenintheyardofherGreensborohome.Sheaswellashertwoyearoldson,West,oftenplayedtherewiththesandandhistoytruck.“Thisissomethingthatneverhappenedbeforethepandemic,anditgivesmuchhappinesstous,”saidAtkinson.Duringthepandemic,JohnCarbuccia,insteadofeatinglunchoutorgrabbingmealsintheuniversitycanteen,foundhimselfeatinghomemadebreakfasts,lunchesanddinners.Scrambledeggswithvegetablesorsimplypreparedsalmonfilletsaresomeofhiscurrentfavorites.Andwithouthavingtorushtothepany,hewalksandrunsaroundhisneighborhoodbeforeandafterworkathome.4．HowwasBoylanaffectedbythepandemic?A.Hebecameacookingmaster.B.Hisineturnedtobeuncertain.C.Helosthisjob.D.Hehadabetterunderstandingoflivinghappily.5．WhatdidThomasmainlydoduringthepandemic?A.ShevisitedNepal. B.Shelostweight.C.Shedidexercise. D.Shelearnedonline.6．WhatbenefitdidthegardenbuiltbyAtkinsonbringtoher?A.Itsavedmuchspaceforstoringsand. B.Itprovidedfortableofficespace.C.Itofferedagoodenvironmentforsports， D.Itimprovedtheparentchildrelationship.7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thefeaturesofworkingfromhome.B.Tipsonhowtofightagainstthepandemic.C.Thechangeofpeople’slifeduringthepandemic.D.Anexperimentinstudyingthemeaningoflife.ＣWhenyoupraiseadog,it’slisteningtonotjustthewordsyousaybutalsohowyousaythem.Thatmightnotbehugenewstodogowners.Butnowresearchershaveexploredthisphenomenonbyusinganimagingmachinetolookinsidethebrainsof13dogsastheylistenedtotheirowners’voice.Therewardpathwayinthedogs’brainslitupwhentheyheardbothpraisingwordsandanapprovingintonation(语调)—butnotwhentheyheardrandom(随机的)wordsspokeninapraisingtoneorpraisingwordsspokeninaflattone,accordingtotheresearchers.“Dogsdealwithbothwhatwesayandhowwesayitinawaywhichisamazinglysimilartohowhumansdoit,”saysAttilaAndics,aneuroscientistinHungary.Whendogshearspeech,heexplains,theyseemtoseparatethemeaningofwordsfromtheintonation.Thenthelefthemisphere(半球)ofthebraindealswithmeaning,whileintonationisdealtwithintherighthemisphere.Allthedogsinthestudywerewillingvolunteersandweretrainednottomoveinthescanner(扫描器).Thedogscouldgetupandleavethemachinewhenevertheywanted.Butitwascleartothedogsthattheirhumanpanionsloveditwhentheydidthisveryeasytask.“Theywerereallyhappytotakepart,”saysAndics.“Thedifficultyofthetrainingwasthattheycan’tmovemorethan3millimetersinanydirection,otherwisewewillhavetothrowoutallofthedata.”Hesaysmostdogownershaveexperimentedwithtryingto“trick”theirdogsbysayingnonsensewordsinacheerful,happytoneofvoice.“Ithinkthebigdifferencehereisthattheyonlyheardus,andtheydidn’tseeus,”saysAndics,becausethedogswereinsidethemachine.“Here,theonlyinformationtheyhadwasthespeechsignal.Whatwesawisthatforpraisetobedealtwithasareward,whenthereisnoothersupportinginformation,bothwordmeaningandintonationhavetofit.”8．Whatisregardedasarewardbydogsaccordingtothestudy?A.Praisingwordsinaflattone. B.Randomwordsinaflattone.C.Praisingwordsinapraisingtone. D.Randomwordsinapraisingtone.9．Howdodogsdealwithwhattheyhear?A.Focusmoreonthemeaning. B.Focusmoreontheintonation.C.Useinformationfromtheirpeers. D.Usethetwopartsofthebrain.10．WhatisahardpartofthetraininginAndics’opinion?A.Lookingintothedogs’brainactivity.B.Trainingdogstostaystillinthemachine.C.Keepingdogsseparatedfromtheirowners.D.Askingdogstogetupandleavethescanner.11．Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DogsUnderstandToneandMeaningofWordsB.DogsIndeedKnowHowtoPraiseC.DogsCanRecognizeOwners’VoicesD.DogsCanReadMan’sMoodsＤWhatdowemeanwhenwetalkaboutrepair?Themostmonlyrepaireditemsathomearewoodenfurnitureandtablelampsandothersmalllights,butmanypeopleexpressalevelofdisfortforlackofknowledgeabouttheskillsrequiredtorepairthem.However,weliveinatimewhenmanyoftheobjectswebuyewithlimitedlifespans(寿命)—especiallytechnologicalandelectricalgoods.Althoughsomeobjectsmayrequirespecialistaid,plentyofwornthingsaroundthehomecanberepairedthere,ifyouknowwhatyou’redoing.“Onehundredyearsago,everyoneneededtorepairthingsthemselves,”anexpertsays.“Somanypeoplehadtheskills,andtheywerepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.Andnotonlytheskills,butalsothetools.Thetoolsalmostbecamethememoriesofthatrepairandcarriedtheirownstories.”Repairoftenfeelspleasantbecauseitisamomentoffixing.Theholescanbefilled.Thegapswillbesmoothedover.Thelanguageofrepairhasgreatsignificanceindescribingthings:mending,fixing,restoring,rebuilding,piecingtogether.Allarewordsweusefortheobjectsaroundus,butalsoonesweapplytoourselves.Wefeelalittlehappyintheideathatfewthingsaretrulybeyondsalvage.Repairisattractiveformanyreasons.Ithelpsusthinkabouthowtocareforthethingsweown.Itmakesusmindfulofwhatwewaste,andwhatweshouldholdonto.Itremindsustobendincloserandseethechanges,thepointswheretheneedlewentthroughthesurfaceandpulledtogethersomethingnew.12．Howdomanypeoplefeelwhenitestorepairingthings?A.Veryconfident. B.Alittlescared.C.Particularlyinterested. D.Slightlyuneasy.13．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Mostwornthingsneedtoberepairedbyspecialists.B.Therepairingtoolswereoncepasseddownforgenerations.C.Wordsaboutrepairingcannotbeusedforpeople.D.Theprocessofrepairingisoftendisappointing.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“salvage”meaninparagraph3?A.Reach. B.Description. C.Repair. D.Reason.15．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsrepair?A.Indifferent. B.Positive. C.Doubtful. D.Curious.第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Howtoimproveyourimmune(免疫)healthAsthetemperaturesdropandfluandcoldseasonapproaches,weneedtostartthinkingaboutlookingafterourimmunehealth.____16_____.ThesefoodsarerichinmicronutrientssuchasVitaminCandzinc,whichsupporthealthyimmunefunction.Somewaysplantbasednutritioncanimproveyourimmunesystem.____17_____Therelationshipbetweensmokingand/orexcessivealcoholconsumptionandharmfulimmunerelatedhealtheffectsiswelldocumented.Avoidbreathinginanymaterialthatmightbeharmtothelungs,includingvaping（电子烟）.Trytoreduceriskymaterialssuchasalcoholasthesehaveanegativeimpactonimmunehealth.GetseventoninehoursrestorativesleepeverydayThereisstrongevidencethatsleepimprovesimmunedefence.Trytoaimforbetweensevenandninehoursofgoodquality,restorativesleepeverynight.Improvingsleepoftenstartsbyfocusingonyourdailyhabits,routinesandbedroomenvironment.____18_____.StresslessandspendmoretimewithothersStresspromotesinflammation（炎症）andreducesyourdefenceagainstinfection.Meditation,agratitudepractice,yogaorbreathworkcanallhelplowerlevelsofcortisol,themainstresshormone.____19_____,whetheritisvolunteeringinthemunity,pickinguptheshoppingforanelderlyneighbour,nurturingyourfriendshipsormakingqualitytimeforyourfriendsandfamily.Bephysicallyactiveeveryday____20_____.Besides,itcanhelpmaintainhealthybodyweightandprotectagainstavarietyofdiseasesincludingviralandbacterialinfections.Aimtobephysicallyactiveeverydayfor3060minutesperday.Adultsneedatleast150minutesofmoderateintensityaerobicactivityeachweektoacquirethemosthealthbenefitsfromphysicalactivity.A.TakeexerciseeachdayB.ItisimportanttoseekadviceC.AvoidsmokingandreducealcoholD.DeveloparelaxingbedtimeroutineE.RelationshipsalsoplayakeyroleinourhealthF.RegularexerciseimproveshealthandlowersbloodpressureG.Thismeansenjoyingadietbasedaroundfruitandvegetables第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。FormostofmylifeIhadlivedintheblackandLatinomunity.NeitherofmyparentshadgraduatedfrommiddleschoolandIwasthefirstinmyfamilytoeverenteracollegecampus.Bycontrast,mostofmy21camefromgenerationsofwelleducatedfamilyandhadgrownupin22whitesuburbs.Inthecollege,23sharingwithothershowIwasfeeling,IclosedmyselfandthoughtIcouldgetthroughitifIjust24study.However,duringtheweeksbeforethewinterbreak,IfinallydecidedIwoulddropout.25,thatwasn’ttheendofthestory.Ifound26andguidancetocontinuetofinishmycollege.Consultingprovidedmewithspaceto27myemotions.Myconsultantprovidedmewithbooksandother28tounderstandwhatIwasexperiencingandshehelpedmefeelpowerful.Volunteeringwithacampusorganizationprovidedmewithaconstant29ofwhyIwasincollege.Myinteractionswithstudents,whoremindedmesomuchofmyownfriendsathome,inspiredmetoworkfor30tohighereducationforlowineyouth.Ialso31inasummerurbanprogram,whereIcooperatedwithagroupofstudentleaderstostartaconferencetotalkabout32ofraceandclass.33ispower.Ireadbooksandchosecoursestolearnmoreabouttopics34toimmigration,race,socialclassandurbaneducation.Thesecoursesandbookshelpedme35amuchdeeperunderstandingofmyownracialexperiencesofoppression.Mostimportantly,IwasequippedwiththeknowledgeIneededtoworkagainstinjusticeandinequality.21．A.teachers B.classmates C.colleagues D.neighbors22．A.plex B.remote C.rich D.ordinary23．A.Insteadof B.Regardlessof C.Aheadof D.Apartfrom23．A.reliedon B.focusedon C.gaveup D.tookup25．A.Unusually B.Positively C.Instantly D.Fortunately26．A.curiosity B.fort C.strength D.intention27．A.adjust B.express C.control D.relieve28．A.training B.motivation C.credits D.resources29．A.ambition B.reminder C.memory D.practice30．A.approaches B.guides C.subscription D.access31．A.entered B.absorbed C.attended D.participated32．A.suggestions B.messages C.issues D.examples33．A.Confidence B.Knowledge C.Bravery D.Construction34．A.exposed B.applied C.introduced D.related35．A.gain B.link C.show D.experience第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thehumoreffectisacognitivebias(认知偏差)thatcausespeopletorememberinformationbetterwhentheyregarditashumorous.Forexample,whenstudents36_________(teach)anewconceptinahumorousway,suchasthroughafunnystory,they’regenerallymorelikelytorememberthatconcept,paredtoiftheylearnitinanonhumorousmanner.Informationthathasthesameeffect37_________conceptsincludeswords,sentences,pictures,and38_________(mix)information,suchascartoonsandvideos.Humorhasvariousotherbenefitsbesidesimprovingmemory.Humorreducesnegativeemotions,suchas39_________(angry)oranxiety,whichpeoplemightexperiencewhenprocessingcertaininformation.Humor40_________(lead)toincreasedinterest.Addinghumortotheinformationthatyou’representingcanmakeitmoreinterestingandappealingtoothers.Forexample,41_________(advertisement)thatusehumorreceivemoreattentionfrompeople.Humor,when42_________(proper)usedintherightcircumstances,canimproveotherpeople’simpressionofyou.Forexample,43_________(include)humorinaspeechcanpositivelyimpactthewayin44_________listenersunderstandthespeaker.Similarly,usinghumorcanimprovepeople’simpressionofyourwarmth45_________petence,especiallywhenyoubineitwithnegativeinformationthatyouneedtotell.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46．假如你是李华，你的留学生朋友小明给你写信表示在学习英语方面遇到一些障碍，他来信向你请教，请你给他写封回信。内容包括：主要内容：1.写信目的；2.你的建议；3.你的祝愿。注意：1.写作词数应为100左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分）47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Once,myunclebroughthomeacutelittlebabyparrot.Atfirst,Iandmycousinswerealittlescared,becausewedidn’tknowhowtohandlethatlittletenderbaby.Myaunteventuallyhelpedusout.Shetookitandkeptitjustasherbaby.Shefedit,shegaveitoccasionalshowersandeventuallywebecamequitefortablewithit.Nowtherewasanotherdilemma(困境)thatwehad—aswewerenotreallyawareofitsgender(性别)wewereunabletodecideanamefortheparrot.SofinallymymomcalleditMitthu.Weagreed.Asitwasgrowing,itswingsstartedgrowinglong,butmyfamilywastoopossessive(占有欲强的)andcaringtowardsMitthuthattheytrimmed(修剪)itswings.Theysaidifitflew,itwouldn’tbeabletosurviveoutside.Astimewentby,wegrew,sodidMitthu...Ithadbynowstartedtalkingquitealot...Iwasamazedbythewaymyauntcaredforit.Shefeditanythingandeverythingtheyhadbeforeeating.Mitthuwasneverkeptinacagefromthebeginning...itisstillnotkeptinaeage...atfirstitswingsweretrimmedtoprotectit...butnowasithasgrownquitealot,evenitswingsarenottrimmed...Isometimeswonder,ithasthewholeskytofly,itisneitherinacagenoritswingsaretrimmed,thenwhyisn’titflyingatall?Maybeitisnowquiteattachedtousanddoesn’twanttoleaveus,ormaybeitdoesn’twanttoleavethisfortablelifeandgoawayandfacethehardrealityoflife.Theanswermaybeanything,dependingonhowweviewthesituation.ButasIgrewolder,IrealizedthatthelifeofMitthuisnotreallyverydifferentfromthatofmine.Iwascaredtooandthuswasprotectedfromreallygettingalongwithoutsideworld.Imademyhousemyworld,justasitwastaughttome.IguesssodidMitthu.Thefortofmyhopebecame,andIguessMitthu’saswell,theinvisiblechainthatneveractuallywillletusfly.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。IguessnotjustI,butmostofthegirlsfeelthesame.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Theparrotflewtoday.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

英语•参考答案第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)1．答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据HIHostelToronto部分中“It’sveryeasytomeetpeopleherebecausethereisabarthathostslivemusic.(在这里很容易遇到朋友，因为这里有一个举办现场音乐演出的酒吧。)”可知，在这里很容易遇到朋友，因为这里有一个举办现场音乐演出的酒吧。故选B。2．答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据HIHostelToronto部分中的“Freebreakfastisincluded.(包括免费早餐)”和TwoPeasPodHostel中的“Enjoyagreatstaywithfreebreakfast.(享受免费早餐的美好住宿)”以及TheParkdaleHostellerie中的“Thisisthemostaffordablehostelwithfreebreakfastinthecity.(这是该市最实惠的免费早餐旅馆)”和TheOnlyBackpacker’sInn部分中“There’snofreebreakfastbutthemoneyyousavemakesupforthat.(没有免费的早餐，但你省下的钱弥补了这一点。)”可推知，TheOnlyBackpacker’sInn的不同之处在于它不提供免费的早餐。故选C。3．答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据TheParkdaleHostellerie部分中“It’snotascentralastheotherhostelsbutthatalsomakesoneofitsadvantages:itisfarfromnoise.(它不像其他青年旅社那样位于市中心，但这也是它的优势之一：远离噪音。)”可知，ParkdaleHostellerie是一个安静的旅社。故选D。4．答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二自然段“ThepasttwoyearsdrewBoylanclosertohiswife,Katie,“Duringthetimeofthepandemic,Iamnotoneofthosepeoplewhohavetimetolearnhowtobakebreadoranything,”Boylansaid.“Ithink,intermsofpersonalgrowth,Ihavelearnedmuchabouthowtoliveahappylife.”(过去的两年拉近了博伊兰与妻子凯蒂的距离，博伊兰说：“在疫情期间，我不是那种有时间学习如何烤面包或其他东西的人。我认为，就个人成长而言，我学到了很多关于如何过幸福生活的知识。”)”可知，疫情让Boylan对幸福生活有了更好的理解。故选D。5．答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第三自然段“Forthenextseveralmonths,Thomasbeganrunning,workingoutatasociallydistantgym,andwalkedasmuchasshecouldeveryday.(在接下来的几个月里，托马斯开始跑步，在社交距离较远的健身房锻炼，每天尽可能多地走路。)”可知，托马斯在疫情期间主要做了运动。故选C。6．答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Sheaswellashertwoyearoldson,West,oftenplayedtherewiththesandandhistoytruck.“Thisissomethingthatneverhappenedbeforethepandemic,anditgivesmuchhappinesstous,”saidAtkinson.她和她两岁的孩子在维斯特经常在那里玩沙子和他的玩具卡车。阿特金森说：“这是疫情之前从未发生过的事情，它给了我们很多幸福。”)”可知，阿特金森建造的花园改善了她和孩子的亲子关系。故选D。7．答案：C解析：主旨大意题。根据第一自然段“AstheCOVID19appeared,manypeople’slifechanged.(随着新冠肺炎的出现，许多人的生活发生了变化。)”可知，本文主要讲了疫情期间人们生活的变化。故选C。8．答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Therewardpathwayinthedogs’brainslitupwhentheyheardbothpraisingwordsandanapprovingintonation(语调)(当狗听到赞扬的话语和赞许的语调时，它们大脑中的奖赏通路会被激活)”可知，当狗听到用赞赏的语调说的表扬的话时，其脑内的奖赏通路会被激活，这被狗视为奖励。故选C项。9．答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“theyseemtoseparatethemeaningofwordsfromtheintonation.Thenthelefthemisphere(半球)ofthebrainprocessesmeaning,whileintonationisanalyzedintherighthemisphere.(它们似乎把单词的意思和语调分开了。然后，大脑左半球处理意思，而语调由右半球分析。)”可知，狗在大脑的不同半球对话语的含义和说话的语调分别进行分析。故选D。10．答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Allthedogsinthestudywerewillingvolunteersandweretrainednottomoveinthescanner(扫描器).(研究中的所有狗都是自愿的志愿者，并被训练不在扫描仪中移动)”及“Thedifficultaspectofthetrainingwasconvincingthedogsthat‘motionless’meansreallymotionless.Theycan’tmovemorethan3millimetersinanydirection,otherwisewewillhavetothrowoutallofthedata.(训练的困难之处在于让狗相信‘不动’意味着真的不动。它们不能向任何方向移动超过3毫米，否则我们将不得不扔掉所有的数据。)”可知，研究过程中，狗被要求在扫描仪器中待着不动，这是训练中的难点。故选B项。11．答案：A解析：主旨大义题。文章开头通过“Whenyoupraiseadog,it'slisteningtonotjustthewordsyousaybutalsohowyousaythem.Thatmightnotbehugenewstodogowners.Butnowresearchershaveexploredthisphenomenon…(当你表扬一只狗时，它不仅在听你说的话，还在听你怎么说。这对狗主人来说可能不是什么大新闻。但现在研究人员对这一现象进行了探索……)”引入话题：狗能理解人说话的语气和含义，研究者对此进行了研究。接着，下文介绍了该研究的内容和结论，故A项“狗能理解语言的语气和含义”适合作本文标题。故选A项。12．答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Themostmonlyrepaireditemsathomearewoodenfurnitureandtablelampsandothersmalllights,butmanypeopleexpressalevelofdisfortforlackofknowledgeabouttheskillsrequiredtorepairthem.(家里最常修理的物品是木制家具、台灯和其他小灯，但许多人表示，由于缺乏修理所需技能的知识，他们感到一定程度的不适。)”可知，人们在修理东西的时候会因为缺乏知识而在一定程度上会感到不安。故选D项。13．答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Somanypeoplehadtheskills,andtheywerepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.Andnotonlytheskills,butalsothetools.(很多人都有这种技能，他们一代一代地传了下来。不仅是技能，还有工具。)”可知，修理工具和修理技能一样，很多都是代代相传。故选B项。14．答案：C解析：词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Thelanguageofrepairhasgreatsignificanceindescribingthings:mending,fixing,restoring,rebuilding,piecingtogether.Allarewordsweusefortheobjectsaroundus,butalsoonesweapplytoourselves.(修复的语言在描述事物时具有重要意义：修补、固定、恢复、重建、拼凑。这些词都是我们用来形容周围事物的，但也都是我们用来形容自己的。)”可知，作者认为很多事情和人都是可以修复、修补的，并且后文“Wefeelalittlehappyintheideathatfewthingsaretrulybeyondsalvage.(想到很少有东西是真正无法挽救的，我们感到有点高兴。)”可知，想到很少有东西是无法_____的会感到高兴，作者想要表达的意思应该和前文“修复、修补”相近或相同。A.reach到达；B.description描述；C.repair修理；D.reason原因。故选C项。15．答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Repairisattractiveformanyreasons.(修理有很多吸引人的原因。)”可知，作者认为修理很吸引人，是一件有趣的事情，可以推出作者对修理这件事持有积极的态度。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)答案：16—20：GCDEF解析：16.根据下文“ThesefoodsarerichinmicronutrientssuchasVitaminCandzinc,whichsupporthealthyimmunefunction.(这些食物富含微量营养素，如维生素C和锌，可以支持健康的免疫功能。)”可知，空格处应该说明的是有良好的饮食习惯，所吃的食物能够提高免疫力。G.Thismeansenjoyingadietbasedaroundfruitandvegetables.(这意味着享受以水果和蔬菜为主的饮食。)说明的是以水果和蔬菜为主的饮食，能够引出下文，符合语境。故选G。17.根据下文“Therelationshipbetweensmokingand/orexcessivealcoholconsumptionandharmfulimmunerelatedhealtheffectsiswelldocumented.(吸烟和/或过度饮酒与有害的免疫相关健康影响之间的关系已得到充分证明。)”可知，本段说明的是吸烟和/或者过度饮酒有害免疫系统。C.Avoidsmokingandreducealcohol(避免吸烟，减少饮酒)能够作为本段的主题句，符合语境。故选C。18.根据上文“Improvingsleepoftenstartsbyfocusingonyourdailyhabits,routinesandbedroomenvironment.(改善睡眠通常从关注你的日常习惯、常规和卧室环境开始。)”可知，空格处应该说明的是与睡眠、生活习惯有关。D.Developarelaxingbedtimeroutine(养成放松的就寝习惯)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。19.根据下文“whetheritisvolunteeringinthemunity,pickinguptheshoppingforanelderlyneighbour,nurturingyourfriendshipsormakingqualitytimeforyourfriendsandfamily.(无论是在社区做志愿者，为年老的邻居买东西，培养你的友谊，还是和你的朋友和家人共度美好时光。)”可知，空格处应该说明的是人与人之间的关系，或者是与他们相处对健康的关系。E.Relationshipsalsoplayakeyroleinourhealth(人际关系对我们的健康也起着关键作用)说明的是人际关系对健康的作用，能够引出下文，符合语境。故选E。20.根据本段的主题“Bephysicallyactiveeveryday(每天锻炼身体)”以及下文“Besides,itcanhelpmaintainhealthybodyweightandprotectagainstavarietyofdiseasesincludingviralandbacterialinfections.(此外，它可以帮助保持健康的体重和防止各种疾病，包括病毒和细菌感染。)”可知，空格处应该说明的是锻炼有关的好处。F.Regularexerciseimproveshealthandlowersbloodpressure(有规律的运动可以增进健康，降低血压)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)21．答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，我的同学大都出身富裕的郊区家庭，那里以白人为主，他们往上几代家族成员都接受过良好的教育。A.teachers老师；B.classmates同学；C.colleagues同事；D.neighbors邻居。根据“NeitherofmyparentshadgraduatedfrommiddleschoolandIwasthefirstinmyfamilytoeverenteracollegecampus.”可知，这里对比的是和作者同身份的学生。故选B项。22．答案：C解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，我的同学大都出身富裕的郊区家庭，那里以白人为主，他们往上几代家族成员都接受过良好的教育。A.plex复杂的；B.remote遥远的；C.rich富的；D.ordinary普通的。根据前文的“MostofmylifeIhadlivedinaBlackandLatinomunity.”可知，作者的家境一般，通过本句的“Bycontrast”可知，与作者相反，同学们的家境富裕，故选C项。23．答案：A解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：我没有与人分享心中的烦闷，而是将自己封闭起来，专注学习，希望以此能熬过艰难的求学生涯。A.Insteadof而不是；B.Regardlessof不管；C.Aheadof在...前；D.Apartfrom除了。后文的“closedmyself”与“sharingwithothers”形成反差，可知，此处应该意为“而是，作为……的替换”。故选A项。24．答案：B解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我没有与人分享心中的烦闷，而是将自己封闭起来，专注学习，希望以此能熬过艰难的求学生涯。A.reliedon依赖；B.focusedon聚焦于，专注于；C.gaveup放弃；D.tookup占用。通过前文“thoughtIcouldgetthroughit”可知，作者渴望通过专注于学习来熬过艰难的求学生涯。故选B项。25．答案：D解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，故事还没有结束。A.Unusually不同寻常地；B.Positively积极地；C.Instantly立刻；D.Fortunately幸运地。上一句提到“dropout”指出作者决定退学，后文“wasn’ttheendofthestory”说明一切并未结束。可知，此句与上一句构成转折关系，说明作者是幸运的。故选D项。26．答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我找到了继续完成大学学业的力量和向导。A.curiosity好奇心；B.fort舒适；C.strength强度，力量；D.intention打算。通过文章标题，以及后文中多次提到的“power”，可以推断出这里作者找到了心中的“力量”。故选C项。27．答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：心理咨询为我提供了一个表达情绪的空间。A.adjust调整，适应；B.express表达；C.control控制；D.relieve缓解。通过后文“shehelpedmefeelpowerful”可知心理咨询师帮助作者变得强大，为作者提供了表达问题的空间。故选B项。28．答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：咨询师为我推荐书籍和其他资源，让我正视当下的经历，帮助我变得强大起来。A.training培训；B.motivation动机；C.credits学分，信用；D.resources资源。通过前面的“books”可知，心理咨询师为作者推荐书籍和其他资源。故选