2024年高考英语快乐ABCD剖析高考真题阅读基础：解析2024年1月浙江卷素材

2024年1月浙江高考英语真题卷ABCD阅读理解篇基础知识点总结（A）TomSawyerPlayIsanAdventureA35-minutehand-clapping,foot-stompingmusicalversionofaMarkTwainfavoritereturnswiththisTallStacksfestival.“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”hasallthegoodstuff,includingthefencepainting,thegraveyard,theislandandthecave.ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough,withmusicbyDavidKisor.That’sthelocalstagewritingteamthatcreatesmanyoftheChildren’sTheatreofCincinnati’soriginalmusicals,alongwiththeholidayfamilymusicalsatEnsembleTheatre.ThisyearNathanTurnerofBurlingtonisTomSawyer,andRobbieMcMathofFortMitchellisHuckFinn.Tumer,a10th-graderatSchoolforCreativeandPerformingArts,isafamiliarpresenceonCincinnati’sstages.HeisastaractorofChildren’sTheatre,havingplayedleadingrolesin“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”and“TheWizardofOz,”andisfreshfromJerseyProduction“Ragtime”.McMathisajunioratBeechwoodHighSchool.Hewasinthecastof“TomSawyer”whenitwasfirstperformedandisaChildren’sTheatreregular,withfiveshowstohiscredit.ThissummerheattendedKentucky’sGovernor’sSchoolfortheArtsinMusicalTheatre.Notetoteachers:Children’sTheatrehasastudyguidedemonstratinghowmathandsciencecanbetaughtthrough“TomSawyer.”Fordownloadablelessons,visittheofficialwebsiteofChildren’sTheatre.任务一：重点单词学习1.Adapted-音标:/əˈdæptɪd/-释义:经过改编的，改写的-词组搭配:1."Thenovelwasadaptedintoasuccessfulmovie."（这部小说被改编成了一部成功的电影。）2."Theplaywasadaptedforayoungeraudience."（这个剧本是为年轻观众改编的。）-派生词:adaptability(适应性)2.Graveyard-音标:/ˈɡreɪvjɑːrd/-释义:墓地，坟场-词组搭配:1."Theoldchurchhadagraveyardintheback."（那座古老的教堂后面有一个墓地。）2."Theywalkedquietlythroughthegraveyard."（他们在墓地里静静地走着。）-派生词:None3.Presence-音标:/ˈprɛzns/-释义:存在，出现，出席-词组搭配:1."Herpresenceatthemeetingwasgreatlyappreciated."（她在会议上的出席受到了极大的赞赏。）2."Thepresenceofpoliceofficersmadethecrowduneasy."（警察的出现使人群感到不安。）-派生词:present(出席，目前的)4.Regular-音标:/ˈrɛɡjələr/-释义:定期的，经常的，正常的-词组搭配:1."He'saregularcustomeratthecafé."（他是这家咖啡馆的常客。）2."Regularexerciseisimportantformaintaininggoodhealth."（定期锻炼对保持良好健康很重要。）-派生词:regularly(定期地，经常地)5.Downloadable-音标:/ˈdaʊnˌloʊdəbl/-释义:可下载的-词组搭配:1."Thesoftwarecomeswithdownloadableupdates."（该软件配有可下载的更新。）2."Youcanfinddownloadableresourcesonthewebsite."（你可以在网站上找到可下载的资源。）-派生词:download(下载),download(下载的文件)任务二：高级词组搭配1.Hand-clapping,foot-stomping-释义:拍手叫好，踩脚节奏-例句:Theaudiencecouldn'thelpbutjoininthehand-clapping,foot-stompingexcitementoftheperformance.-例句翻译:观众情不自禁地加入到表演的拍手叫好和踩脚节奏的激动中。2.Originalmusicals-释义:原创音乐剧-例句:Thetheatercompanyisknownforitsgroundbreakingoriginalmusicalsthatcaptivateaudiences.-例句翻译:这个剧院以引人入胜的开创性原创音乐剧而闻名。3.Leadingroles-释义:主演角色-例句:Shehasperformedinseveralleadingrolesinmajorproductions,showcasingherincredibletalent.-例句翻译:她在几部重大作品中饰演了主演角色，展示了她不可思议的才华。4.Studyguide-释义:学习指南-例句:Thestudyguideprovidedvaluableinsightsanddiscussionpointsforstudentsexploringthethemesofthenovel.-例句翻译:这份学习指南为学生们探索小说主题提供了宝贵的见解和讨论点。5.Juniorat-释义:...的大三学生-例句:She'scurrentlyajuniorattheuniversity,majoringinbiology.-例句翻译:她目前是该大学的大三学生，主修生物学。6.Firstperformed-释义:首次演出-例句:TheplaywasfirstperformedinNewYorktocriticalacclaim.-例句翻译:这部戏在纽约首次演出，获得了评论界的好评。7.Regularat-释义:经常在...出现的人-例句:He'saregularatthelocalpub,oftenseenchattingwithfriendsoverapint.-例句翻译:他经常在当地酒吧露面，经常能看到他边喝着一品脱啤酒边和朋友聊天。8.Freshfrom-释义:刚刚从...来的-例句:She'sfreshfromhertriptoEurope,fullofstoriesaboutheradventuresabroad.-例句翻译:她刚从欧洲之行回来，满腹关于她在国外冒险的故事。（B）Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall

—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago,right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas…2006.Iwasconductingauditions(试演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomake

itseemabitmore”youngprofessional”.AsIrushedoutdoorstoemptythewastepaperbaskets,thedoorswungshutbehindme.SuddenlyIwaslockedoutside.Mymobilephonewasinside,butluckilytherewasatelephoneboxacrossthestreet.So,IcalledDirectoryAssistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady’smanagingagent,andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.AsithasbeenmanyyearssinceIlastusedone,Ishouldhardlybesurprisedthatthenarenolongeranypublictelephonesnearmyhouse.Thelastonestandinghasjustbeenturnintoa“minicommunitylibrary”:anypasser-bycan“borrow”abookfromitsshelvesreturnitlater,orreplaceitwithanothertitlefromtheirowncollection.Forafewmonthsafterthe“library”opened,Ididn’tbothertakingalook,asIhadassumedthatitwouldbestuffedfullofcheeselovestories.ThenInoticedforkconductingspringcleansdroppingboxesofvoluminousbooksonvarioussubjectsthere.Andthesebookswerefree.Thisunbeatableprice-pointencouragedmetoexperimentwithdozensoftitlesthatIwouldnevernormallyconsiderbuying.AndI’vediscoveredsomegreatbooks!IfIevergettrappedoutsidemyhouseagain,mylocaltelephoneboxwill,sadlynolongerbeabletoconnectmewithmykeys.ButitcancertainlykeepmeentertainedwhileIwaitformywifetorescueme.任务一：重点单词学习1.Conducting-音标:/kənˈdʌktɪŋ/-详细释义:进行，实施-词组搭配:1."He'sconductingresearchintorenewableenergy."（他正在进行可再生能源的研究。）2."Theorchestraconductorisconductingaperformancetonight."（今晚交响乐团指挥将指挥一场演出。）-派生词:conduct(行为，实施)2.Impress-音标:/ɪmˈprɛs/-详细释义:使印象深刻，给予好感-词组搭配:1."Sheimpressedtheinterviewerswithherconfidenceandknowledge."（她以自信和知识给面试官留下了深刻的印象。）2."Theteamhopestoimpresstheircoachwiththeirperformance."（团队希望通过表现给教练留下好印象。）-派生词:impressive(令人印象深刻的),impression(印象)3.Landlady-音标:/ˈlændˌleɪdi/-详细释义:女房东，女房东太太-词组搭配:1."Thelandladylivesintheapartmentbuildingandmanagestherentalproperties."（女房东住在公寓楼里，管理着出租物业。）2."Ourlandladyisverystrictaboutnoiseafter10PM."（我们的女房东对晚上十点后的噪音非常严格。）-派生词:landlord(房东),landlording(房东的行为)4.Community-音标:/kəˈmjuːnɪti/-详细释义:社区，社会团体，共同体-词组搭配:1."Theyorganizedacommunitycleanupeventtobeautifytheneighborhood."（他们组织了一次社区清洁活动，美化社区。）2."Thelibraryservesasahubforcommunityactivities."（图书馆是社区活动的中心。）-派生词:communal(共同的),community(社区的)5.Voluminous-音标:/vəˈluːmɪnəs/-详细释义:庞大的，大量的-词组搭配:1."Shecarriedavoluminousbackpackfilledwithbooks."（她背着一个装满书籍的庞大背包。）2."Thereportcontainsvoluminousdatathatwilltakeweekstoanalyze."（这份报告包含了大量数据，需要几周时间进行分析。）-派生词:volume(音量，体积)任务二：高级词组搭配1.Intendedpurpose-释义:预期用途-例句:Iboughtthistoolforitsintendedpurpose,butI'vefoundotherusesforitaswell.-例句翻译:我买这个工具是为了它的预期用途，但我也发现了其他用途。2.Lockedoutside-释义:被锁在外面-例句:Iaccidentallylockedmyselfoutsidethehouseandhadtocallalocksmith.-例句翻译:我不小心把自己锁在了屋外，不得不叫了一个锁匠。3.Managingagent-释义:管理代理人-例句:Themanagingagenthandlesallthemaintenancerequestsfortherentalproperties.-例句翻译:管理代理人负责处理租赁物业的维修请求。4.Publictelephones-释义:公用电话-例句:Publictelephoneshavebecomeincreasinglyrarewiththepopularityofmobilephones.-例句翻译:随着手机的普及，公用电话越来越少见了。5.Minicommunitylibrary-释义:迷你社区图书馆-例句:Theminicommunitylibraryencouragesresidentstosharebookswitheachother.-例句翻译:迷你社区图书馆鼓励居民相互分享书籍。6.Springcleans-释义:春季大扫除-例句:Everyyear,shedoesspringcleanstodeclutterandorganizeherhome.-例句翻译:每年，她都会春季大扫除，清理和整理她的家。7.Unbeatableprice-point-释义:无与伦比的价格点-例句:Thestore'sunbeatableprice-pointattractscustomersfromalloverthecity.-例句翻译:这家店无与伦比的价格吸引了来自全城的顾客。、（C）OnSeptember7,1991,thecostliesthailstorm(花暴)inCanadianhistoryhitCalgary’ssouthernsuburbs.Asaresult,since1996agroupofinsurancecompanieshavespentabout$2millionperyearontheAlbertaHailSuppressionProject.Airplanesseedthreateningstormcellswithachemicaltomakesmallicecrystalsfallasrainbeforetheycangrowintodangeroushailstones.Butfarmersineast-centralAlberta—downwindofthehailprojectflights—worrythatpreciousmoisture(水分)isbeingstolenfromtheirthirstylandbythecloudseeding.NormanStienwand,whofarmsinthatarea,hasbeenaddressingpublicmeetingsonthisissueforyears“Basically,theprovincialgovernmentislettingtheinsurancecompaniesprotecttheCalgary-Edmontonurbanareafromhail,”Mr.Stienwandsays,“butthey’reincreasingdroughtriskasfareastasSaskatchewan.”TheAlbertahailprojectismanagedbyTerryKrauss,acloudphysicistwhoworksforWeatherModificationInc.ofFargo,NorthDakota.“Weaffectonlyaverysmallpercentageofthetotalmoistureintheair,sowecannotbecousingdrought.”Dr.Krausssays.“Infact,wemaybehelpingincreasethemoisturedownwindbycreatingwetterground.”OnedoubteraboutthesafetyofcloudseedingisChuckDoswell,aresearchscientistwhojustretiredfromtheUniversityofOklahoma.“In1999,Ipersonallysawsignificanttornadoes(龙卷风)formfromaseededstormcellinKansas,”Dr.Doswellsays.“Doescloudseedingcreatekillerstormsorreducemoisturedownwind?Noonereallyknows,ofcourse,buttheseedinggoeson.”Giventhedegreeofdoubt,Mr.Stienwandsuggests,“itwouldbewisetostopcloudseeding.”Inpractice,doubthashadtheoppositeeffect.Duetothelackofscientificproofconcerningtheirimpacts,noonehassucceededinwinningalawsuitagainstcloud-seedingcompanies.Hence,privateclimateengineeringcanproceedinrelativelegalsafety.任务一：重点单词学习1.Hailstorm-音标:/ˈheɪlˌstɔːrm/-详细释义:冰雹暴风雨-词组搭配:1."Thehailstormdamagedmanycarsparkedoutside."（冰雹暴风雨损坏了许多停在外面的汽车。）2."Residentstookshelterindoorsduringtheviolenthailstorm."（居民在猛烈的冰雹暴风雨中躲进室内避难。）-派生词:hail(冰雹)2.Suppression-音标:/səˈprɛʃən/-详细释义:抑制，镇压-词组搭配:1."Thegovernmentenactedlawsforthesuppressionofrebellion."（政府颁布了镇压叛乱的法律。）2."Effortsareunderwayforthesuppressionofdrugtrafficking."（正在进行镇压贩毒活动的努力。）-派生词:suppress(镇压),suppressive(抑制性的)3.Precious-音标:/ˈprɛʃəs/-详细释义:珍贵的，宝贵的-词组搭配:1."Timespentwithfamilyisprecious."（与家人在一起的时间是宝贵的。）2."Shekepttheringasapreciousmementoofhergrandmother."（她把戒指当作她祖母的宝贵纪念品保存着。）-派生词:preciousness(珍贵),precious(贵重的)4.Drought-音标:/draʊt/-详细释义:干旱，旱灾-词组搭配:1."Theregionsufferedfromaseveredroughtlastsummer."（该地区去年夏天遭受了严重的干旱。）2."Farmersstruggledtogrowcropsduringthedrought."（农民在干旱期间艰难种植庄稼。）-派生词:droughty(干旱的),droughtiness(干旱)5.Seeding-音标:/ˈsiːdɪŋ/-详细释义:播种，播放-词组搭配:1."Theybeganseedingthefieldsinearlyspring."（他们在初春开始播种田地。）2."Thecompanyisresponsibleforseedingcloudstoinducerain."（这家公司负责播种云来引发雨水。）-派生词:seed(种子),seedling(幼苗)任务二：高级词组搭配1.Threateningstormcells-意思:威胁性的风暴细胞-例句:Theradardetectedseveralthreateningstormcellsmovingtowardsthecity.-例句翻译:雷达探测到几个威胁性的风暴细胞朝着城市移动。2.Cloudseeding-意思:人工增雨-例句:Thegovernmentinvestedincloudseedingtoalleviatethedroughtintheregion.-例句翻译:政府投资进行了人工增雨，以缓解该地区的干旱。3.Relativelegalsafety-意思:相对法律安全性-例句:Despitethecontroversy,cloud-seedingcompaniesoperateinrelativelegalsafety.-例句翻译:尽管存在争议，人工增雨公司在相对法律安全的环境中运营。4.Scientificproof-意思:科学证据-例句:Thedebatecontinuesduetothelackofscientificproofregardingtheeffectivenessofcloudseeding.-例句翻译:由于缺乏关于人工增雨有效性的科学证据，争论仍在继续。5.Killerstorms-意思:致命风暴-例句:Someresearchersspeculatethatcloudseedingmayunintentionallyleadtotheformationofkillerstorms.-例句翻译:一些研究人员推测，人工增雨可能会无意中导致致命风暴的形成。（D）TheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedbypsychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat,selectedbythechild,wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Follow-upstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtainasecondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(诱惑)bysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets

—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie-poorworld,andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue

—afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswasinformation-poor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivityhasgreatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombarded(轰炸)withnewinformation.Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.任务一：重点单词学习1.Marshmallow-音标:/ˈmɑːrʃmɛləʊ/-详细释义:棉花糖-词组搭配:1.marshmallowtest-棉花糖测试2.marshmallowtreat-棉花糖零食-派生词:1.marshmallowy-棉花糖般的2.marshmallowiness-棉花糖般的特质2.Tempted-音标:/ˈtɛmptɪd/-详细释义:受到诱惑的-词组搭配:1.temptedby-被...诱惑2.resisttemptation-抵制诱惑-派生词:1.temptation-诱惑2.tempter-诱惑者3.Ancestors-音标:/ˈænsɛstərz/-详细释义:祖先，祖宗-词组搭配:1.ancestors'legacy-祖先的遗产2.traceancestry-追溯祖先-派生词:1.ancestral-祖先的2.ancestry-家世，血统4.Responsemechanism-音标:/rɪˈspɒnsˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm/-详细释义:反应机制-词组搭配:1.automaticresponsemechanism-自动反应机制2.physiologicalresponsemechanism-生理反应机制-派生词:1.responsive-反应迅速的2.mechanistic-机械式的5.Formative-音标:/ˈfɔːmətɪv/-详细释义:形成的，发展的-词组搭配:1.formativeyears-形成时期2.formativeexperience-形成经历-派生词:1.form-形成，塑造2.formation-形成，组织6.Bombarded-音标:/bɒmˈbɑːdɪd/-详细释义:被轰炸的，不断被影响的-词组搭配:1.bombardedwith-被...轰炸2.constantlybombarded-不断受到影响的-派生词:1.bombardment-轰炸2.bombardier-轰炸机手任务二：高级词组搭配1.Globaldeliverysystem-全球交