中考英语语法专项形容词副词知识点及练习

Grammarlesson5形容词、副词形容词定义：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。作用，见下表：定语Youcanseealotofbeautifulflowersinthegarden.表语Yourcoatistoosmall.宾语补足语Theoldwomankeepseverythingcleanandtidy.用法：①有些形容词只能作表语，不能作前置定语【难点】如：alone,alive,asleep,alike,afraid,ashamed,ill,well,unable,sure等。例如：Don'twakethesleepingbabyup.Heisasleep.Theoldmanisalone.②有些形容词只能作定语，不能作表语【难点】如：little,live,elder,eldest.例如：Thereisalittlesheepeatinggrass.③作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make,leave,keep,find等动词连用。例如:Theykeeptheclassroomcleaneveryday.他们每天保持教室干净。WefinditimportanttolearnEnglishwell.我们发现学好英语很重要。④多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：限定词+描绘词(大小，长短，形状，新旧，长幼，颜色)+出处+材料+材料+类别+名词记忆口诀：县官叔叔有一个美小圆旧黄法国木书房。（限定词/冠词/序数词/基数词/美丑/大小/形状/新旧/颜色/国籍/材质/名词）Hisgrandpastilllivesinthissmallshorthouse.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。ThewomanboughttwobeautifulChineseplates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。⑤形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，这类词有：rich/poor;good/bad;young/old;healthy/ill;living/dead;black/white(表示人种等)。它们作主语时谓语常用复数形式。Theyoungshouldtakegoodcareoftheold.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。Therichneverhelpthepoorinthiscountry.在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。⑥else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如：Didyouseeanybodyelse?你看到别的人了吗？⑦形容词用来修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。You'dbettertellussomethinginteresting.Thepolicefoundnothingstrangeintheroom.常见形容词辨析alone和lonely意义及用法说明例句alone独自，单独，可用作表语，放在名词或代词之后，可表示“只有，仅仅”的意思Hewasaloneinthehouse.lonely可作定语也可作表语。作定语时，意为“孤单的；偏僻的；荒凉的”作表语时，lonely表示“寂寞的，孤单的”alonelytravelleralonelyhouseHelivedalonelylifeallhislife.alive,living,live,lively意义及用法说明例句alive意为“活着”，既可指人，也可指物；可用来作表语，后置定语或宾补。Nomanaliveisgreaterthanhe.Hewantedtokeepthefishalive.living“活着”强调说明“尚在人间”，“健在”，可用来指人或物，作定语或表语。Myfirstteacherisstillliving.Englishisalivinglanguage.live指“实况转播的”。Itwasalivebroadcast,notarecording.lively“活泼的”，“活跃”，“充满生气的”，可作定语、表语或宾补，既可指人，又可指物。Jennyisalivelygirl.Everythingislivelyhere.副词定义：副词（Adverb）是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰\t"://baike.baidu/_blank"动词、\t"://baike.baidu/_blank"形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。分类及位置：方式副词：一般用来回答“怎样地”这类问题，具有最典型的状语形式，绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾ly构成，一般放在行为动词之后。如calmly，carefully，carelessly，patiently，politely，proudly，properly，quickly，rapidly，suddenly，successfully，willingly，warmly。地点副词：包括表示地点的副词和表示位置关系、方向的副词，一般放在句尾。如here,there,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,above,up,down,east,west等。时间副词：有的表示确定时间，一般放在句首或句尾。如yesterday，today,tomorrow等；有的表示不确定的时间。如recently,nowadays,still,already,immediately,just等；有的表示时间顺序。如now,then,first,next,later,before等。频度副词：主要指一定时间内动作发生的次数。一般放在be动词之后或者助动词、情态动词与主要动词之间。如：always，often，usually,seldom,never,sometimes等程度副词：有时又叫强调副词，有的从程度上强调，用来回答howmuch这类问题，可用来修饰形容词、副词，有的还可用来修饰动词、介词短语、名词、代词和从句等。如abit,very,quite,rather,much,just,only等。这类副词一般位于所修饰的词前。Ifyoudon’ttry,youwillneversucceed.Itlooksabituglyasitis.(1)复合副词。如：nowhere,everywhere,somehow,somewhat,therefore,anyway,somewhere,outdoors等。(2)派生副词。如obvious→obviously,curious→curiously,surprising→surprisingly,skilled→skilledly等。（1）句子副词：这类副词往往和整个句子具有松散的语法关系，而并非修饰某个动词。Luckily,theliondidn’teatthebaby.类似的副词有：actually,byall/nomeans,generally,indeed,inmyopinion,unexpectedly,no,now,obviously,yes,undoubtedly,luckily,seriously等。（2）连接副词有：用来连接句子、分句或从句，表示各种关系，在从句中作状语。表示结果：therefore,accordingly等表示添补：besides,moreover等表示转折：however等表示条件：otherwise等表示时间：then,lastly等关系副词：常用来引导定语从句，有when,where,why等Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.（4）疑问副词：常用来引导特殊疑问句，有when,where,why,how.它们的位置总是在句首。Whendoyoutakeyournextexam?（5）感叹副词：表感叹，常用来引导感叹句。Howwellhelooks!副词辨析1.howlong,howsoon,howoften,howfar副词短语意义及用法说明例句howlong多久，多长时间，对一个持续的时间段提问，常用”for+时间段”或”since+时间点”回答—HowlonghaveyoubeeninChina?—Forthreemonths.howsoon多快，多久以后，对一个短暂性动作提问，用于一般将来时的句子中，常用”in+时间段”回答—Howsoonwillheeback?—Infiveminutes.howoften多长时间一次，对频率提问，常用”once/twice/threetimesaweek等回答—Howoftendoyouvisityourgrandparents?—Onceaweek.howfar多远，对距离提问—Howfarisitfromyourhometoyourschool?—Abouttwokilometers.副词意义及用法说明例句hard努力地，辛苦地，剧烈地，猛烈地是程度副词It’sraininghard.hardly几乎不是否定副词Icanhardlyunderstandhiswords.3.muchtoo和toomuch副词意义及用法说明例句muchtoo非常，极其，太，修饰形容词或副词原级Thecarismuchtooexpensive.toomuch太多，修饰不可数名词There’stoomuchraininsummer.4.too,aswell,also,either副词(短语)意义及用法说明例句too也，一般用于肯定句，常放在句末HelikesEnglish,too.aswell一般用于肯定句，常放在句末Ilikeyouaswell.also常放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后，行为动词之前Icanalsoswim.either用于否定句，常放在句末Idon’tknowFrench,either.5.too,enough和so副词意义及用法说明例句too太，很，用于too...to...结构，表示否定意义”太....而不能.....”He’stooyoungtogotherebyhimself.enough足够，用于”形容词/副词原级+enoughto...”结构，表示”足够......能......”Thecoachisbigenoughtoholdfiftypeople.so如此，用于”so...that...”结构，表示”如此......以至于......”Theparkissobeautifulthatwecan’tstoptakingphotos.和yet副词意义及用法说明例句already常用于肯定句Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.yet常用于否定句或疑问句句末Haveyouheardfromhimyet?副词意义及用法说明例句ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，和表时间概念的词组搭配使用，常用于一般过去时的句子。Themeetingbeganfiveminutesago.before是指以过去或现在的某一时刻为基准的“以前”，常用于现在完成时、过去完成时和一般过去时的句子里。IhaveneverbeentoSuzhoubefore.兼有两种形式的副词副词意义及用法说明例句close接近、靠近Helivesveryclosetome.他住的离我很近。closely仔细地Watchmeclosely.请仔细地观察我。副词意义及用法说明例句late晚、迟Youhaveetoolate.lately最近Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?副词意义及用法说明例句deep深，表示空间深度Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.deeply深深地，表示情感上的深度Iwasdeeplymovedbyhisstory.副词意义及用法说明例句high表示空间高度Thekiteflyinghigh.highly表示程度Hethoughthighlyofmyopinion.副词意义及用法说明例句wide表示空间宽度Heopenedthedoorwide.widely广泛地Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.副词意义及用法说明例句free免费Childrenunderfivetravelfree.freely无限制地Youcanspeakfreelyatthemeeting.形容词变副词的方法方法例词大多数形容词在词尾加lycareful→carefullyquick→quicklybright→brightly以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，把y变成i,再加lyeasy→easilyhappy→happilylucky→luckily以“元音字母+e”结尾的形容词，去e再加lytrue→truly以le结尾的形容词，去e再加yterrible→terriblysimple→simplypossible→possibly以ll结尾的形容词变副词时，直接加ychill→chillyfull→fully形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下：1)符合规则的：情况加法例词一般情况直接加er;esttalltallertallest以不发音的e结尾的词加r;stnicenicernicest以“辅音+y”结尾的词变y为i再加er;estdrydrierdriestheavyheavierheaviest以一个辅音字母结尾的词辅音字母双写，再加er;estthinthinnerthinnest多音节和部分双音节单词在词前加more;mostmoredeliciousmostdelicious2）几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表：原级比较级最高级goodbetterbestbadworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest句型总结一、形容词的原级的用法：1、说明人或事物自身的性质、特征或状态时用形容词原级2、有表示程度的副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时用形容词原级。3、原级比较即同级比较，表示两者在某一方面相同时或不同时用原级。具体结构如下：用法例句A+系动词/动词+as+原级+as+B,（肯定）意为“A与B一样……”表示相同或相等（即A=B）.ChinaisalmostasbigastheUS,butitisthebiggestcountryinAsia.A+be/动词+not+so/as+原级+as+B（否定）意为“A不及B那样……”表示不如或不相等（即A≠B）.Ican’trunasfastasmybrother.Ninaisnotaspatientasyou.A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B意为“A是B的……倍”（常见倍数：一半half，一倍once，两倍twice，三倍及以上：数字+times）。Ourschoolistwiceaslargeastheirs.asmuch/many/……+as，表示前后的数量相同。Johnearnsasmuchmoneyashisbrother.as+原级+as+用作比喻的名词（多用于习惯用语）asbusyasabee/asblindasabat...形容词的比较级的用法：比较级是两者或者两部分之间进行比较:用法例句A+be+比较级+than+BA比B...;A＞BTheriverislongerthanthepond.Question1ismoredifficultthanquestion2.A+be+倍数+比较级+than+BMyhouseistwicebiggerthanyours.比较级+and+比较级多音节词：moreandmore+形容词原级“越来越......”Danielisfatterandfatter.Vegetablesaremoreandmoreexpensive.“the+比较级...the+比较级...”越...就越...Theharderyoutry,thegreateryourprogresswillbe.“the+比较级”of+名词表示“两者之间较…的一个”时Heisthethinnerofthetwoboys.Which/Who+be+比较级，AorB?表示两者之间进行选择时Whoistaller,DanielorTom?一般的形容词的比较级前面可以加much/alittle/even/still,而表示数量的more之前还可以加some/any/no/one/two/many/several/alot等词。Itismuchcoldertodaythanyesterday.Ihaveonemoreraincoatthanyou.形容词的最高级的用法：用法例句A+be/动词+the+最高级+of/in/among+比较范围Heisthetallestofthethreeboys.Jimwritesthemostcarelesslyinhisclass.A+be+oneof+the+最高级+名词复数表示“A是…中最…之一”。Heisoneofthebestplayersintheschool.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用句型：Which/Who+be/动词+the+最高级，A，BorC？Whichcityisthemostbeautiful,Beijing,ShanghaiorSuzhou?A+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词单数+范围”表示“第几个最…”。Sheisthesecondtallestgirlinourclass.形容词最高级前面可以用形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但不能再加theIgotintoafightwithmybestfriend.【专项练习比较级与最高级】1．Theweatherreportsaysitmaybemuch________(fog)tomorrow,andit’sdangeroustodriveathighspeedonsuchaday.2．Themorehemissedhisfriend,the__________(lonely)hefelt.3．DoyouthinkRoseisthe________oneofthetwinsisters?(pretty)4．Quasimodowas________thanothers,buthewasthekindest.(ugly)5．—PayingbyWeChatorAlipaymakespeople’slifemuch________(easy).―Quiteright.NowInevertakeawalletwithmewhenshopping.6．—Howamazing!Ihaveneverseena________(tiny)basket.Isitthesmallestone?—Yes,itisthesmallestbasketinourmuseum.7．WeChatmakesmunicationmuch________(easy).8．It’s________todaythanyesterday.Whataboutgoingonapicnicthisafternoon?(sun)9．The______thekitesfly,thesmallertheyseem.(high)【综合练习】1.ThepopulationofChinais______thanthatof_____countryintheworld.A.muchmore;any B.muchlarger;any C.muchmore;anyother D.muchlarger;anyother2.Cheerup,children.Weshouldlearntobe________enoughtotakeonanychallenge!3.Thejobisn’tchallengingenoughforme.Iwantsomethingmore_____.4.Joeseems_____thanSarah_____readyfortheingexams.A.busy;toget B.busier;getting C.busier;toget D.busy;getting5.—Doyoulikeeatingseafood?—Ofcourse.Notingcanbe_____,Ithink.delicious B.muchdelicious C.moredelicious 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19.HowwasyourtriptotheBritishMuseum?IspokenoEnglishandwas silentduringthevisit.A.pletelyB.peacefullyC.especially D.specially20.Iwanttodosomethingdifferent,canyousuggestahobby?Mum,yes.Photographyisenjoyableand__________.Whatdoyouthinkofit?A.relaxingB.tiringC.willingD.boring21.Tommy,_________doyouplaythepiano?Whenmymomisathome,Ihavetoeveryday,butshe’sawaythisweek!A.howabout B.howlong C.howmuch D.howoften22.Howwasyourjobinterviewyesterday?Oh,Icouldn'tfeel________.Icouldhardlyanswermostofthequestionstheyasked．A.worse B.easier C.better D.happier23.Don'tyouthinkitofsometeenagerstobecrazyaboutpopstars?Well,Idon'tthinkso.Wewereonceyou