阀门英语词汇解释

ActuatorDeviceusedtooperateavalveusingelectric,pneumaticorhydraulicmeans.Oftenusedforremotecontrolorsequencingofvalveoperations.

AlloysteelAsteelconsistingprimarilyofironwithsomepercentageofoneormoreotherelementssuchaschromium,nickel,manganese,orvanadiumdeliberatelyaddedtoenhanceitsproperties.

AmbienttemperatureTheprevailingtemperatureoftheenvironmentimmediatelysurroundinganobject-generallyconsideredtobe-20°Fto+100°F.

AusteniticstainlesssteelThecommonstainlesssteel,wheretheprimarymicrostructureisausteniteandthecompositionprimarilyironbutalsoincludesbothchromiumandnickel.Thesteelsaredesignatedas300seriessuchas304,316,CF8M,etc.

BevelgearoperatorDevicefacilitatingoperationofagateorglobevalvebymeansofasetofbevelgearshavingtheaxisofthepiniongearatrightanglestothatofthelargerringgear.Thereductionratioofthisgearsetdeterminesthemultiplicationoftorqueachieved.

BackseatAshoulderonthestemofagateorglobevalvewhichsealsagainstamatingsurfaceinsidethebonnettopreventleakageofmediathroughthebonnetstuffingboxwhenthevalveisfullyopened.

BallTheclosureelementofaballvalve.

BallvalveAvalveusingasphericalclosureelementwhichisrotatedthrough90°toopenandclosethevalve.

BodyTheprinciplepressurecontainingpartofavalveinwhichtheclosureelementandseatsarelocated.

BoltedbonnetAbonnetwhichisconnectedtoavalvebodywithboltsorstudsandnuts.

BoltedconstructionDescribesavalveconstructioninwhichthepressureshellelements(suchasbodyandclosuresofatrunnionballvalve)areboltedtogetherandsocanbetakenapartandrepairedinthefield.

BonnetThetoppartofavalve,attachedtothebody,whichcontainsthepackinggland,guidesthestem,andadaptstoextensionsoroperators.

Bore(orport)Theinsidediameterofthesmallestopeningthroughavalve,e.g.,insidediameterofaseatring,diameterofholethroughballinaballvalve.

ButtweldendTheendconnectionofavalvesuitablypreparedforbuttweldingtoaconnectingpipe.

CarbonsteelIroncontainingcarbonintheformofcarbides,about0.1to0.3percentcarbonwithnootheralloyingelementsotherthanthesulfur,phosphorus,andotherelementspresentinalmostallsteels.

CastironThecommontermforcastgrayironorironcontainingflakecarbonintherangeof_%to2_%.Castironisbrittle,exhibitingverylittleductilitybeforefracturing.

CastingAproductortheactofproducingaproductmadebypouringmoltenmetalintoamoldandallowingittosolidify,thustakingtheshapeofthemold.

CharpytestAdestructivemechanicaltestconductedonapreciselymachinedcouponofsteeltobetested.Thecouponisclampedinaspecialmachineandsubjectedtolateralhammerblow.Thetestprovidesarelativemeasureofthetoughnessofthesteeloritsresistancetoshockorimpactloadsandisusuallyrequiredformaterialusedinlowtemperatureapplications.

CheckvalveAone-directionalvalvewhichisopenedbythefluidflowinonedirectionandclosedautomaticallywhentheflowstopsorisreversed.

ClapperThehingedclosureelementofaswingcheckvalve.

ClassApressureratingexpressedasadimensionlessnumber.Theclassratingchartsgiveactualpoundspersquareinchmaximumallowablepressureatagiventemperature.

ClosureTheendsofaboltedconstructionballvalve,boltedtothebody,whichoftencontaintheseatrings.

ClosureelementThemovingpartofavalve,positionedintheflowstream,whichcontrolstheflowthroughthevalve,e.g.,wedge,plug,clapper,ball.

CvFlowcoefficientexpressedasthenumberofgallonsofwaterthatwouldflowthroughanopening,suchasavalveport,in1minuteunderadifferentialpressureof1psi.

CWPColdworkingpressure-themaximumallowablepressureundernon-shockconditionsatambienttemperature(-20°Fto+100°F).

DezincificationAformofpittingcorrosionwhichattackscertainzincbearingcopper-basedalloys,oftencalled"yellowbrasses",whenincontactwithseawaterorfreshwaterthatishighinoxygenandcarbondioxide.(ASTMB61andB62are"redbrasses"andnotsusceptibletodezincification.)

DoubleblockandbleedThecapabilityofavalveunderpressuretoobtainasealacrossboththeupstreamanddownstreamseatringsandtohaveitsbodycavitybleddowntoatmosphericpressure.

DrainplugAfittingatthebottomofavalve,theremovalofwhichpermitsdrainingandflushingthebodycavity.

ElastomerAnaturalorsyntheticelasticmaterial,oftenusedforo-ringseals.Typicalmaterialsareviton,buna-n,EPDM(ethylenepropylenedimonomer),etc.

EmergencyseatsealAfittingonthevalvebodythroughwhichsealantcanbeinjectedtoeffectaseatsealinanemergencysituation.

EndconnectionThetypeofconnectionsuppliedontheendsofavalvewhichallowsittobeconnectedtopiping-maybeweldend,flangedend,threadedorsocketweld.

FacetofaceTheoveralldimensionfromtheinletfaceofavalvetotheoutletfaceofavalve(oneendtoanother)allowingvalvesofthesamesizeandpressureclasstobemutuallyinterchangeable,regardlessofmanufacturer.

FacingThefinishofthegasketcontactsurfaceofaflange.

FittingAnycomponent,otherthanvalves,usedwithpipeaspartofthepressuresystemandnormallyreferringtoitemscoveredbyanationalstandard.

FlatFace(FF)AflangesurfaceinwhichthegasketsealingareaistheentiresurfacefromtheIDtotheoutsideedge.Usuallyusedforclass125castironvalves.

FiresafeAvalvedesignthatiscapableofpassingafiretestwithspecifiedlimitsonleakagetotheatmosphereanddownstreamafterbeingclosedsubsequenttofireexposure.

FloatingballAballvalvedesigninwhichtheballisnotrigidlyheldonitsrotationalaxisandsoisfreetofloatbetweentheseatrings.

ForgingAmetalworkingprocessthatinvolveshammeringorsqueezing,withorwithoutadie,athotworkingtemperaturestoformaspecificshape.

Fullbore(fullopening)Describesavalveinwhichthebore(port)isnominallyequaltotheboreoftheconnectingpipe.

FullpenetrationweldDescribesthetypeofweldwhereintheweldmetalextendsthroughthecompletethicknessofthepartsbeingjoined.

GasketAcomponentwhosepurposeistosealajointbetweentwolargercomponents,softerthanthesurfacesofthejointbeingsealedandusuallysqueezedbymeansofboltingtoeffecttheseal.

GateTheclosureelementofagatevalve(sometimescalledwedgeordisc)

GatevalveAstraightthroughpatternvalveinwhichclosureelementisawedgesituatedbetweentwofixedseatingsurfaces,withmeanstomoveitinoroutoftheflowstreaminadirectionperpendiculartothepipelineaxis.Usedasablockvalve,oron-offvalve.

GlandorglandbushingThepartofthevalvewhichretainsorcompressesthestempackinginastuffingbox.

GlandfollowerorglandflangeThecomponentusedtoholddownorretaintheglandinthestuffingbox.

GlobevalveAvalvewhoseclosureelementisaflatdiscorconicalplugsealingonaseatwhichisusuallyparalleltotheflowaxis.Canbeusedforthrottlingservices.

GraphiteFlexiblecarbonmaterialusedtomakegasketsandpacking.Thegasketsmaybeflatgraphitesheetorhavemetalinsertsforaddedstrength.Thepackingisacombinationoflatticebraidedringsusedasanti-extrusionorwiperringsanddie-formedringswhicharecompressedtoeffecttheseal.

GreasefittingAdevicewhichpermitsinjectionofgreaseintoabearingsurface.

HandwheelAwheel-shapedvalveoperatingdeviceintendedtobegraspedwithoneorbothhandswhichallowsturningthevalvestemoroperatorshafttowhichitisattached.

HardfacingAsurfacepreparationinwhichanalloyisdepositedonametalsurfaceusuallybyweldoverlaytoincreaseresistancetoabrasionandorcorrosion.

HeatanalysisAchemicalanalysisconductedbyafoundryimmediatelypriortopouringwhichmeasurestheexactchemicalcompositionofaparticularbatchofmoltenmetal.

HeattreatmentDescribesanyprocessorprocedurebywhichtheinternalstructureofsteelisalteredbyheatingtoproducedesiredphysicalandmechanicalcharacteristics.

HottapAconnectionmadetoapipelinewhilethelineisunderpressureorinservice.Aspecialprocedureisrequiredtomakeanopeninginthepipewithoutleakinganyofthelinecontents.

HottearsAdefectoccurringincastingscausedwherepartiallysolidifiedorweak,newlysolidifiedsectionsaresubjectedtoapullresultingfromthecontractionofthinnerpartsthathavesolidifiedearlier.Ahottearisanintergranularfailure.

HueytestAcorrosionresistancetestforstainlesssteel,mostusefulforpredictingresistancetointergranularcorrosion.

HydrostatictestApressuretestinwhichavalveistestedwithwatertodetectleaks-maybeashelltestoraseatclosuretest.

IBBMIronbody,bronzemounted-commontermforvalveswithcastironbodyandbonnetandbronzetrim(seatingsurfaces,stem,bushings).

IDThemeasurementoftheinsidediameterofacircularpart.

ISRSInsidescrew,risingstem-commontermforanyvalvedesigninwhichthestemthreadsareexposedtothefluidbelowthepackingandthestemrisesupthroughthepackingwhenthevalveisopened.

LeverAnoperatingdeviceforquarter-turnvalves.

LiquidpenetrantinspectionAnondestructivemethodofdetectingthepresenceofsurfacecracksandimperfectionsthroughuseofaspecialreddye.AbbreviatedasLPIorPT.

LockingdeviceAnyvalveattachmentwhosepurposeistopreventtheoperationofthevalvebyunauthorizedpersons.

MagneticparticleinspectionAnondestructivemethodofdetectingthepresenceofsurfacecracksandimperfectionsthroughuseoffineironparticlesinanelectricalfield.AbbreviatedasMPIorMT.

MaterialTestReportsCertificatesprovidedbythesteelmanufacturerindicatingthechemicalanalysisandmechanicalpropertiesofaspecificbatchofsteeltracedbysequentiallyassignedheatnumbersorcodes.

MoldAhollowcavity,frequentlyinpackedsand,forgivingadesiredshapetoamaterialinamoltenorplasticshape.

NPSNominalpipesize-dimensionlessnumberusedtoindicatesizesofpressurepipeandvalves-usedinterchangeablywithvalvesizeininches.

NPTNationalPipeThread-standardtaperedthreadforpressurepipeandcomponents.RequirementsdefinedinASMEB1.20.1.

NRSNon-risingstem-Agatevalvehavingitsstemthreadedintothegate.Asthestemturnsthegatemovesbutthestemdoesnotrise.Stemthreadsareexposedtothelinefluid.

ODThemeasurementoftheoutsidediameterofacircularpart.

O-ringAnelastomericorsyntheticsealringofcircularcrosssection.

OS&YOutsideScrew&Yoke-Avalvedesigninwhichthestemthreadsareabovethepackingglandoroutsidethevalvebodyandthereisayoketosupportthetoporouterendofthestem.

PackingThedeformablesealingmaterialinsertedintoavalvestuffingboxwhichwhencompressedbytheglandprovidesatightsealaboutthestem.

PatternAduplicatemadeofwoodormetalofaparttobecast.Usedtoformthemoldintowhichthemoltenmetalispoured.

PinholeNumeroussmallgasholesatthesurfaceorjustbelowthesurfaceofcastings,generallyoccurringinthethickerpartsofthecastingasareductioninthesolubilityofgasesinthemetalasthemetalcools.

PinionshaftTheexternalinputshaftofcertaingearoperatorswhichdrivetheinternalreductiongearing.

PlasticsAbroadclassificationcoveringavarietyofnon-metallic,syntheticororganicmaterialscapableofbeingmoldedorformedintodesiredshapes.TypicalmaterialsincludenylonsandtetrafluoroethylenessuchasDuPont’sTeflon".

PMIPositivematerialidentification-amethodforcrosscheckingtheidentityofapieceofmaterial,oftenusingaportablespectrometer,usuallywithx-rays(TN9266,nuclearanalyzer)oraweldingarc(ArcMet900,opticalspectrometer).

PneumatictestAtestinwhichavalveistestedwithair-usuallyaseatclosuretest.

PorosityAdefectfoundincastingsorweldsconsistingofgasbubblesorvoidsinthesolidifiedmetal.

PositionindicatorAnyexternaldevicewhichvisuallyindicatestheopenandclosedpositionofvalve.

Pressure-TemperatureRatingsThemaximumallowableworkingpressuresatspecifiedtemperatures.Forsteelvalves,theratingsaredefinedby"classes"andfoundinASMEB16.34.Forironandbronzevalves,theratingsaredefinedintheapplicableMSSspecifications.

ProductAnalysisThechemicalanalysisofamaterialdoneonafinishedcomponenttoshowcompliancewiththematerialspecifications.Usuallyhastolerancesdefinedforeachelementtoallowfordifferencesinthecompletedproductcomparedtothemoltenmetal.

PSIPoundspersquareinch-theforceperunitareaexertedagainstaresistingbody.

RaAbbreviationfor"arithmeticaverageroughnessheight"-themeasureoftheroughnessofasurfaceexpressedinmicroinches.Thehigherthenumber,therougherthesurface.Usedtodesignatethedesiredsurfacefinishforendflangeraisedfaces.

RadiographicinspectionAnondestructiveinspectionmethodusingx-raystolocateinternalflawsincastings,fabricatedpartsandwelds.AbbreviatedasRT.

Raisedfaced(RF)Theraisedareaofaflangefacewhichisthegasketsealingsurfacebetweenmatingflanges.DefinedinASMEB16.5.Class150and300valveshave0.06"RFandClass600anduphavea0.25"RF.

ReducedportAvalveportopeningthatissmallerthanthelinesizeorthevalveendconnectionsize.

Ringtypejoint(RTJ)Aflangeconnectionusingaspeciallyshapedsoftmetalringasagasket.Generallyusedonhighpressurevalves.Maybethebodyandbonnetconnectionand/ortheendflangeconnection.

ResilientseatAvalveseatcontainingasoftsealsuchasano-ringorplastictoassuretightshut-off.

RimpullTheforcerequiredattheedgeofthehandwheeltogeneratetherequiredtorqueatthecenterofthehandwheel.

RSRisingstem-Avalvestemwiththreadsarrangedsothatasthestemturns,thethreadsengageastationarythreadedareaandliftthestemalongwiththeclosureelementattachedtoit.

ScheduleAsystemforindicatingthewallthicknessofpipe.Thehighertheschedulenumber,thethickerthewallforacertainpipesize.

SealweldAweldthatdoesnotcontributeanythingtothemechanicalintegrityofanassembly,butismadepurelytosealorpreventleakagefrom,forinstance,athreadedjoint.

SeatThepartofavalveagainstwhichtheclosureelementeffectsatightshut-off.

Self-relievingTheprocessbywhichexcessiveinternalbodycavitypressureisautomaticallyrelievedeitherintotheupstreamordownstreamline-generallyfoundinballvalves

ShrinkageInternaldefectincastingsthatareinternalvoids,irregularinshape,causedbyvolumecontractionduringsolidification.Canbecausedbynotmaintainingafluidchanneltotheriserduringsolidification.

Socketweldend(SW)TheendconnectionofavalvesuitablypreparedforSocketweldingtoaconnectingpipe.

SourgasNaturalgascontainingsignificantamountsofhydrogensulfide(H2S).Requiresspecialmaterialtreatmentstoavoidvalvefailuresfromsulfidecorrosioncracking.

SpecificationAdocumentthatdefinestherequirementsthatafinishedproductmustconformto-mayincludechemicalandmechanicalproperties,tolerances,marking,shipping,etc.

SpurgearThesimplestofgears-inagearset,thepinionandringgeararealignedonparallelshafts.Canbeaddedtoanothergearoperatortofurtherincreasethemechanicaladvantageaffordedbythegear.

SquareoperatingnutAnut,usually2"x2",whichisattachedtoavalvestemorthepinionshaftofagearoperatorallowinguseofwrenchestoquicklyoperatethevalve.

StainlesssteelAnyofanumberoftypesofironalloywithchrome,nickel,orotherelementsthatdoesnotoxidizeinfreeair.

StemTherodorshafttransmittingmotionfromanoperator(handwheelorgearoperator)totheclosureelementofthevalve.

Stemnut(yokenut)Thethreadednutthatsurroundsareciprocatingvalvestemandcausesthestemtomovewhenthenutisrotated.

StudAbolt,threadedonbothends,oftenusedinboltingtogetherbodiesandbonnetsorbodiesandclosures.

StuffingboxTheannularchamberprovidedaroundavalvesteminasealingsystemintowhichdeformablepackingisplaced.Sometimescalledpackingchamber.

SwingcheckvalveAcheckvalveinwhichtheclosureelementisahingedclapperwhichswingsorrotatesaboutasupportingshaft.

TensilestrengthThehighesttensilestressthatamaterialcanwithstandbeforefailureorruptureoccurs-theforcebeingappliedinadirectiontendingtoelongatethematerial.

TensiletestAdestructivetestperformedonaspeciallymachinedspecimentakenfrommaterialinitsdeliveredconditiontodeterminemechanicalproperties,suchastensilestrength,yieldstrength,andpercentelongation.

ThrottlingTheintentionalrestrictionofflowbypartiallyclosingoropeningavalve.

ThrustThenetforceappliedtoapartinaparticulardirection-e.g.,ontheendofavalvestem

TorqueTherotationalforceimposedonorthroughashaft,usuallyexpressedinfoot-pounds.

TrimCommonlyreferstothevalve’sworkingpartsandtotheirmaterials.Usuallyincludesseatringsealingsurfaces,closureelementsealingsurfaces,stems,andbackseats.TrimnumberswhichspecifythematerialsaredefinedinAPI600andAPI602.

TrunnionThepartofaballvalvewhichholdstheballonafixedverticalaxisandaboutwhichtheballturns.

TurnstooperateThenumberofcompleterevolutionsofahandwheelorthepinionshaftofagearoperatorrequiredtostrokeavalvefromfullyopentofullyclosedorviceversa.

UltrasonicinspectionAninspectionprocedureusinghighfrequencysoundwavestodetectwallthicknessorflawsthroughoutthethicknessofmetalparts.AbbreviatedasUT.

UnionbonnetAtypeofvalveconstructioninwhichthebonnetisheldonbyaunionnutwiththreadsonthebody.

ValveAdeviceusedtocontroltheflowoffluidcontainedinapipeline.

WOGWater-oil-gas-aratingdesignationgenerallyusedforsmallvalveschieflyinlowratings.Indicatesmaximumworkingpressureatambient+32°Fto+100°F.AlsocalledNonshockRating.

WorkingpressureThepressure(poundspersquareinch)atwhichavalveisdesignedtooperate.

WallthicknessThethicknessofthewallofthepressurevesselorvalve.Forsteelvalves,minimumthicknessrequirementsaredefinedinASMEB16.34,API600,andAPI602.

WormgearsAgearsetinwhichtheinputshaftisoffsetfromandperpendiculartotheoutputshaft,anddrivinggearisverysmall,andperpendiculartothedrivengear.Wormgearoperatorsareusedonballvalves.

YieldstrengthThelimitingstressbeyondwhichamaterialwillsustainpermanentdeformation.

YokeThepartofgateorglobevalvewhichactsasabrackettosupportthetoporouterendofthestemandstembearing.

VALVESPECIFICATIONSBelowisalistingofthebasicspecificationsusedinthedesignandmanufactureofvalvesandfittings.

AmericanPetroleumInstituteAPIQ1SpecificationforqualityprogramsAPI6DSpecificationforpipelinevalves

API6FAFiretestforvalves

API598Valveinspectionandtesting

API600Steelgatevalves,flangedandbuttweldingends,boltedandpressuresealbonnets

API602Compactsteelgatevalves-flanged,threaded,welding,andextendedbodyends

API607Firetestforsoftseatedquarterturn