旅行社专业英语词汇

Glossary

Accreditation:Approvalbyconferencesorassociationsallowingthesaleofticketsandothertravelservices.

AffinityGroup:Anorganization,formedforvirtuallyanypurposeotherthantravel,whichsubsequentlyelectstosponsorgrouptravelprogramsonscheduledorcharteraircraftandqualifiesforcertaingrouptravelprivileges.

Agent:Apersonauthorizedtoselltheproductsorservicesofasupplier.

AgentReportingAgreement:Anagreementbetweentravelagentsandairlines,viatheAirlinesReportingCorporation,whichspecifiestherightsandobligationsofbothparties.

AirlinesReportingCorporation(ARC):FormedbytheAirTransportAssociationtopreserveessentialdomesticservicesperformedbytheAirTrafficConferencepriortoderegulation;asaregulatoryassociationfortravelagents,ARCestablishesagencyrequirementswithrespecttoprofessionalpersonnelstandards,agencyaccessibilitytothepublic,andfinancialandsecuritystandards.

AirlineTariffPublishingCompany(ATPCO):Acompanyjointlyownedandoperatedbyairlinestoconsolidate,publish,anddistributefaresandcargorates,alongwithassociatedrules,tothetravelindustry.

AirTrafficControl:Aserviceoperatedbyappropriateauthoritytopromotethesafe,orderly,andexpeditiousflowofairtraffic.

AirTransportAssociation(ATA):ThetradeassociationrepresentingallscheduledairlinesintheUnitedStatesunderwhosejurisdictiontheAirlinesReportingCorporationwasestablishedafterthedissolutionoftheCivilAeronauticsBoard.

Airbus(AerialBus):Ajumbojetcarryingtwiceasmanypeopleasa707orDC-8andspecializinginshort-andmedium-lengthtrips.

AirlineCodes:Thesystemofabbreviationsforairlines,airports,fares,andsoonusedbyairlinesandtravelagentsthroughouttheworld.

AirlineDeregulation:Bythefederallawenactedin1978,theeliminationoftheCABandgovernmentalregulationoftheairlinesandothersupplierswithregardtoroutes,fares,andotherspecifics.

All-ExpenseTour:Aninclusivetourthatincludesmanyservicesforastatedprice;probablymost,ifnotall,meals,sightseeing,taxes,tips,andextras.

AmericanAutomobileAssociation(AAA):Anorganizationthatprovidesitsmemberswithavarietyofservices–travelinformation,maps,highwayandlegalservices,insurance,tripplanning,andsoon–relatedtoowningandoperatingautomobiles.AAAalsooperatesamulti-branchretailtravelagencyorganization.

AmericanPlan(AP):Amealplanthatincludesthreemealsdailywiththepriceofaccommodations.

AmericanSocietyofTravelAgents(ASTA):AtradeassociationofU.S.andCanadiantravelagentsandtouroperators.

Amtrak:ThenameusedbytheNationalRailwayPassengerCorporation,Aquasi-publiccorporationestablishedbyCongressin1971toassistthedecliningrailroadindustry.

APOLLO:ThecomputerreservationsystemdevelopedbyUnitedAirlinesandintroducedin1976.

ARCIndustryAgents’Handbook:PublishedbytheAirlinesReportingCorporationfortravelagents,thehandbookspecifiestherequirementstobecomeanARCIndustryAgentandprovidesguidelinesandproceduresforappointment.

AreaSettlementPlan:AsystemofbanksauthorizedbytheARCthroughwhichtravelagentsandapprovedsuppliersreportandremitairlinetickets.

AssociationofRetailTravelAgents(ARTA):AtradeassociationofAmericantravelretailers.

AssociationofRetailTravelagents(ARTA):AtradeassociationofAmericantravelretailers.

AutomatedTicketMachines(ATM):Automatedvendingmachinessellingcomputerairlinetickets,generallylocatedinairportterminals.

AverageRoomRate:Totalrevenuesfromroomsalesinahotel,orcollectiveroomrevenuesofadestination,dividedbythetotalnumberofavailablerooms.Averageroomratesmaybecomputedonadailybasisforanindividualpropertyoranannualorseasonalbasisforadestination.

Back-to-Back:Describingaprogramofmultipleairchartersbetweentwoormorepointswitharrivalsanddeparturescoordinatedtoeliminateaircraftdeadheadingandwaiting;thatis,whenonegroupisdeliveredatadestination,anotherisreadytodepartfromthatpoint.

BedandBreakfast(B&B):Amealplanthatincludesbreakfastwithguesthouseorotherlodgingaccommodations.

BermudaPlan(BP):Hotelaccommodationswithafull,American-stylebreakfastincludedinthepriceoftheroom.

Bonding:thepurchase,forapremium,ofaguaranteeofprotectionforasupplieroracustomer.Inthetravelindustry,certainbondingprogramsaremandatory:Forexample,ARCinsiststhattravelagentsbebondedtoprotecttheairlinesagainstdefaults.

BucketShops:Firmssellingheavilydiscountedairticketsortourpackages,usuallybelowmarketvalue.

BulkFare:Afareavailableonlytotourorganizersoroperatorswhopurchaseaspecifiedblockofseatsfromacarrieratalow,noncom-missionablepriceandthenhavetheresponsibilityofsellingtheseats,includingacommissionintheirmarked-uppricefortheseats.

BusinessClass:Aclassofserviceonairlinesthatisusuallysituatedbetweenfirstclassandeconomy(coach)andofferssuchamenitiesaslargerseats,freecocktailsandheadsets,andearlycheck-inprivileges.

BusinessTravelDepartment(BTD):Anin-housetravelagencyforabusinessororganization.

CargoLiner(orFreighter):Avesselprincipallyengagedintransportinggoods,licensedtocarryamaximumnumberofpassengers(usuallytwelve).

CertifiedTravelCounselor(CTC):ProfessionalcertificationawardedtotravelagentswhohavesuccessfullycompletedastudyprogramdevelopedandadministeredbytheInstituteofCertifiedTravelAgents.

CharterService:Nonscheduledairtransportserviceswherebythepartyorpartiesreceivingtransportationobtainexclusivesueofanaircraftatpublishedtariffratesandtheremunerationpaidbythepartyreceivingtransportationaccruesdirectlyto,andtheresponsibilityforprovidingtransportationisthatof,theaccountingaircarrier.Thistermalsohasgeneralapplicationtoanyothermodeoftransport,suchasmotor-coach,ship,andtrain,wheretheentirecapacityoraminimumnumberofseatsarehiredbycontractforexclusiveuse.

Child:Variablydefined.Airlinesnormallyclassifyachildastwothrougheleven,butsomesuppliersclassifytherangetofourteen,sixteen,orevenuptoeighteenyearsofage.

CircleTrip:Atripinvolvingmorethanonedestinationandreturningtotheorigincity.Example:TampatoAtlantatoNewOrleanstoLasVegastoTampa.

City-Pair:Theterminalcommunitiesinanairtrip,thatis,theoriginanddestinationonaone-waybasis.

CoachService:transportserviceestablishedforthecarriageofpassengersatfaresandqualityofservicebelowthatoffirst-classandbusiness-classservice.Itisalsoknownaseconomyservice.

CommercialRate:Aspecialdiscountedrateofferedbyahotelorothersuppliertoacompany,group,orindividualtraveleronaqualifiedbasis.

Commission:Apaymentreceivedbytravelagentsforthesaleofairtransportation,hotelaccommodation,tours,rentalcars,andotherproductsandservices,usuallycomputedasapercentageofsalemadebytheagent.

CommuterAirline:Anairlinethatoffersfrequentround-tripservicetoorfromsmallercommunitiesandsomelargerairporthubswithapublishedflightscheduleofsuchservices,principallytoservebusinesscommuters.

ComputerBias:Givingpreference,asinlistingacertainairline’sschedulesfirstinacomputerizedReservationSystem.

ComputerizedReservationSystem(CRS):Anelectronicinformationsystemconnectingindividualtravelagenciestoacentralcomputer,makingimmediateinquiriesandreservationsonanairline,hotel,carrental,orotherpossibletravelservices.

Conference:Anassociationofaircarriersdesignedinprincipletoprovideasetofoperationalrulesthatarefairtooperatorsandtopreventinjuriouscompetitionamongoperators.Aconferencemayestablishandenforceagreed-uponrules,ethicalpractices,safetystandards,anddocuments,aswellasserveasaclearinghouseforinformation.Itmayalsoestablishtravelagencyrulesandregulations.

ConferenceAppointment:Aprocesswherebytravelagenciesareapprovedbyconferences(forexample,IATAN,ARC)torepresentagroupofcarriersorothertravelsupplierstosellitsservices.

Configuration:Aparticulartypeofspecificaircraft,ship,andsoon,differsfromothersofthesamemodelbyvirtueofthearrangementofitscomponentsorbytheadditionoromissionofauxiliaryequipmentsuchas“long-rangeconfiguration,”“cargoconfiguration.”

Consolidator:Apersonorcompanythatformsgroupstotravelonairchartersoratgroupfaresonscheduledflightstoincreasesales,earnoverridecommissions,orreducethepossibilityoftourcancellations.

Consortium:Agroupofpersonsortravelagencycompaniesthatpooltogethertheirresourcestoobtainsometravelbenefitsuchashighercommissions,advertising,twenty-four-hourcall-inservice,orotherservices.

ConsumerDisclosureNotice:Awrittenstatementfrequentlyusedbytravelagenciestoinformclientsthattheyareactingmerelyas“Agents”froaprincipal(thatis,airline,hotel).Withsuchadisclosurenotice,agentstakeamajorstepinavoidingliabilitybyobtainingimplicitconsentfromtheclienttosuethesupplier.

ContinentalBreakfast:Usuallyabeveragewithrolls,butter,andjamormarmalade.InHollandandNorway,cheese,coldcuts,orfisharesometimesincluded.

ContinentalPlan(CP):Bedandbreakfast,meaninghotelaccommodationsasspecifiedandbreakfastaccordingtothecustomofthecountry.

Convention:Abusinessorprofessionalmeeting,usuallyattendedbylargenumbersofpeople.InEuropethemoreprevalenttermforconventionis“congress.”

CooperativeBusinessCorporation:Formedasajoint-stockorganizationtoestablishandmaintainaworkingrelationshipamongitsmembers.

Corporate-OwnedChain:Afullyownedgroupofretailchainmemberoutletsfeaturingcommonsignageandadvertising,usually(butnotalways)operatingunderaunifiedmarketingconceptandstandardizedmanagementpoliciesandpractices.

CouponBrokers:Travelcompaniesthatbuyandsellfrequentflyerprogramcoupons.

Courier(TourEscort,TourLeader,TourManager):Aprofessionaltravelescort.

CruiseShips:Shipsusedspecificallyforpleasurecruising,asopposedtopoint-to-pointtransportation.

CurrencyRestrictions:Limitationsestablishedbyacountrytocontroltheamountofmoneytakenin,out,orexchangedwithinacountry.

Customs:Theformalprocedurewherebyallpersonsenteringacountrymustdeclaretheirpossessionofspecifickindsoramountsofitemspurchasedinanothercountryunderthejurisdictionofagovernmentagencythathastherighttoinspect,restrict,seize,and/orimposetaxesongoodsbroughtintoacountry.Alsoreferstothenormalmannersorbehavioralproceduresofasociety.

CustomsDuty:Ataxoncertaingoodsbeingimported.

DayRate:Aspecialrateforaroomusedbyaguestonlyduringthedayuptoaspecifichour,suchas4:00,5:00,or6:00P.M.

Deadhead:Arail,bus,orairlinetermforacarrierreturningwithanemptycabinorcargopayload.

DefaultProtectionPlan:Asystemestablishedtoprotecttravelersandtravelintermediariesintheeventofasupplierdefault.Thereiscurrentlynosystemoperating;however,severalplansarebeingreviewed.

DemiPension:ThesameasModifiedAmericanPlan.

Deposit:Apartialpaymenttoholdspace,usuallyrefundableifcancellationismadebyaprescribedtime.

DirectSelling:Thesaleoftravelproductsbysuppliers(airlines,hotels)directlytothecustomers,withouttheuseoftravelintermediariessuchastravelagents.

Disclaimer:Alegalconceptwherebyoneparty(thatis,theclient)toatransactiondeclaresthatheorshewillreleasetheotherparty(thatis,theagent)fromliabilityandresponsibilityforthetransactionundercertainstatedconditions.

DomesticAirline:Acarrierprovidingservicewithinitsowncountry.

DomesticIndependenttour(DIT):ThesameasFIT,butmorecommonlyusedintheNorthAmericancontextofanindependent,prepaidtripwithinthecounty.

DomesticTrunks(DomesticTrunkOperations):Domesticoperationsofthedomestictrunkcarriers.Thisgroupofcarriersoperatesprimarilywithinthegeographicallimitsoftheforth-eightcontiguousstatesoftheUnitedStates(andtheDistrictofColumbia)overroutesprimarilyservingthelargercommunities.

Duty-FreeImports:Agovernment-specifiedlistofitemcategoriesandtheirquantitiesthatmaybebroughtintothecountryfreeoftaxordutycharges.

Duty-FreeStores:retailstoresinwhichmerchandiseissoldonlytotravelerswhoareleavingthecountry.Merchandiseissoldcompletelyorpartiallyfreeofthetaxesanddutiesthatwouldotherwisebeimposedbythecountryinwhichthestoreislocated.

EconomyHotel:Ahotelwithlimitedfacilitiesandservicestargetedatbudgettravelers,alsoreferredtoassecond-classortouristhotel.

EconomyService:Transportserviceestablishedforthecarriageofpassengersatfaresandqualityofservicebelowfirstclassandbusinessclass,alsoknownascoachservice.

EfficiencyUnit:Aroomthathaskitchenfacilities,similartoaone-roomapartment.Alsocalledastudio.

EnglishBreakfast:Usuallyincludesjuice,hotorcoldcereal,baconorham,eggs,kippers,orsausages,toast,butter,andjamormarmalade.

EntryRequirements:Theofficialdocumentsrequiredtenteracountry,whichmayincludeapassport,visa,ordocumentshowinginoculations.

ErrorsandOmissionsInsurance:Alsoknownasprofessionalliabilityinsurance,thisinsuranceprotectstheagencybycoveringclaimsfordamagessufferedbytheclientforfinancialloss,inconvenience,embarrassment,orotherinjuriesbecauseofanerrororomissiononthepartoftheagent.

EscortedTour:Atourthatincludestheservicesofanescort,alsocalledaconductedtour.

EscrowAccounts:Fundsplacedinthecustodyoflicensedfinancialinstitutionsforsafekeeping.Manycontractsintravelrequirethatagentsandtouroperatorsmaintaincustomers’depositsandprepaymentsinescrowaccounts.

EuropeanPlan(EP):Amealplanthatdoesnotincludemealswiththepriceofaccommodations.

Exclusivity:RestrictionimposedbytheAirTrafficconferencethatprohibitedairlinesfrompayingcommissionstoentitieslackingATCaccreditationandstandardizedticketstock.Priortoderegulation,travelagentsandairlineshadexclusivityonthesaleofairtransportation.

Excursion:Usuallyasidetripoutofadestinationcity;maybeusedinterchangeablywithtourorsightseeing.

ExcursionFare:Usuallyaround-tripfarewithrestrictionssuchasminimumandmaximumstayandadvancepurchaserequirements.

Excursionist:atemporaryvisitorremaininglessthantwenty-fourhoursinthedestinationvisitedandnotmakinganovernightstay.

ExitRestrictions:Restrictions(suchasanexitVisaorlargeexitVisaorlargeexittax)imposedbyacountrytocurboutboundtravel.

FamiliarizationTriporTour:Atriportourofferedtotravelagents,touroperators,incentiveplanners,travelwriters,andsoontopromoteanewproductordestinationandtheservicesofthesuppliers,usuallyatadiscountpriceorFOC(freeorcharge).Alsocalleda“famtrip.”

FamilyPlan:Specialmoney-savingarrangementforfamilytravel,applieddifferentlyinvariousphasesoftheindustry.Generally,membersofafamilyareentitledtodiscountedfares,accommodationrates,andsoon.

Fare:Theamountperpassengerorgroupofpersonsstatedintheapplicabletarifffortransportation,includingaccompanyingbaggageunlessotherwisespecified.

FederalAviationAdministrationFAA):TheDepartmentofTransportationagencythatregulatesU.S.civilaviation.Amongotherthings,FAAlicensesprivateandcommercialpilots,certifiesaircraftandmonitorstheirmaintenance,certifiesandmonitorsairporttrafficcontrolsystemsandtheirpersonnel,andenforcesairlinesecurityregulations.

First-ClassHotel:Ahotelofferingahighstandardandvarietyofservices.InEuropeafirst-classhotelranksbelowadeluxeorgrandluxehotel.InAsia,firstclassmaymeanafour-starpropertywherefivestarsdenotesthetopclassification.

First-ClassService:Transportserviceestablishedforthecarriageofpassengersatpremiumfares,forwhompremiumqualityservicesandseatingaccommodationsareprovided.Termalsoappliestothelodgingindustryinasimilarcontext.

FlagCarrier:Atermusuallyreferringtothenationalairlineofacountry.

FlatRate:Aspecialroomrateforagroupnegotiatedinadvancewhereallroomsintheproperty,whichmayormaynotbesubjecttocertainrestrictions,arepricedatthesamerate.

Fly-Drive:Apackagethatincludesairfareandcarrental(andsometimesaccommodations).

ForeignIndependentTour(FIT)Aninternationaltripwiththeitinerarypreparedtotheindividualtraveler’sspecifications.SomesuppliersrefertoFITas“freeandindependenttravelers”todenotetravelerswhohavemadeindependentarrangements.

Franchise:Therighttomarketaserviceand/orproduct,oftenexclusivefroaspecifiedarea,asgrantedbythemanufacturer,developer,ordistributorinreturnforafee;prevalentinthefast-foodserviceindustry.

Franchisor:Anentitythatgrantsvestedrighttousearecognizedbrandnameforanextensive,contractualtimeframe.Thefranchisortypicallyprovidesafranchiseewithacompletebusinesspackage,includingoperationalplansandsupportservices.AfranchisorisregulatedbytheFederalTradeCommission.

FrequentFlyerProgram(FFP):Aprogramwherebybonuses,usuallyfreetravelwithcertainrestrictions,areofferedbytheairlinestopassengerswhoaccumulatetravelmileage.HotelsoftenparticipateinFFPsbyofferingsimilarincentivesforhotelpatronagebasedonroomnights.FFPsarealsotermedasFTPs,orFrequentTravelerPrograms.

Full-serviceTravelAgency:Anagencythatoffersafullrangeofservicesandproductsrelatedtointernationalanddomestictravel.

GatewayCity:Acitythatfunctionsastheprimaryentrydestinationforvisitorstoanareabecauseofitslocation,population,andairtrafficpatterns.

GeneralSalesAgent(GSA):Anexclusivesalesrepresentativeofaprincipalforagivenarea.

GroundArrangements:Landservicessuchastransfers,sightseeingtours,andsoon.

GroundHandlingAgent:Acompanythatprovideslocaltransportation,sightseeing,andotherservicestoaclientatadestination.

GroundOperator:Asupplierthatprovideslocaltransportation,accommodations,sightseeingarrangements,andotherservicestoaclientatadestination.

GroupInclusiveTour(GIT)Aprepaidtourcoveringtransportation,accommodations,sightseeingarrangements,andotherservices.Specialairfaresareprovidedtothegroup,requiringthatallmembersmusttravelonthesameflightroundtripandmusttraveltogetherduringtheirentiretimeabroad.

GuaranteedReservation:Aguaranteetothetravelergivenbythehotel,usuallybasedonadvancedeposit,thattheroomwillbeheldallnightincaseoflatearrivalofthetraveler.Withaguaranteedreservation,thetravelermustpayfortheroomwhetherornotitisactuallyused.

Hostels:Accommodationswherethefacilitiesmaybesomewhatsimilartodormitories,usuallyassociatedwithyouthtravel.

HotelGarni:AtermusedtodesignateEuropeanhotelsthatdonothavearestaurant.

HubandSpokeConcept:Aconceptinvolvingtheestablishmentofaparticularcityasacentralpointtowhichlonger-haulflightsarescheduledandwhichservesasaconnectingpointwhereotherflightsaredeployedormadetosmallercities.Theroutingofschedulesthroughacentralconnectingcityensuresheavierpassengerloads.

Incentivecompanies:Professionalfirmsassistingclientswithdesigning,promoting,andexecutingofincentivetravelprograms.

IncentiveTravel:Travelprovidinganincentiverewardforsalesorworkperformedbysalesstaff,distributors,ormembersofotherorganizationswhenthesalesorworkperformedexceedsparticularquotalevels.

Inclusivetour(IT):Anadvertisedpackageortourthatincludesaccommodationsandothercomponentssuchastransfersandsightseeing.

IndependentArbitrationPanel:ApanelofthreeindependentpersonswiththeauthoritytohearappealsbroughtbyagencyorganizationswhentheARChasadaptedrulesorfeechangessuchorganizationsdeemtobeunreasonable.

IndividuallyOwnedChain:Eachmemberoutlet,forexample,hotel,restaurant,travelagency,withintheretailchainisindividuallyownedbutfeaturescommonsignageandadvertising,followingaunifiedmarketingconcept,andoperatesinauniformmanner.

In-plantBranch:Anoperationestablishedbyatravelagencytoservetheclientatitsownlocationbutusingtheclient’sownemployeestodotheagencywork.Inthissituation,asplitcommissionsystemisarranged.

InstituteofCertifiedtravelAgents(ICTA):Anorganizationestablishedin1964thatisconcernedwithdevelopingandadministeringeducationalprogramsfortravelagents,inordertoconferprofessionalcertification.

InterlineAgreements:Agreementsinvolvingtwoormoreaircarrierswhocooperateonspecificactionssuchasinterlinetravelrightsandprivilegesorshareairportfacilitiesorotherresources.

Intermodal:Usingdifferenttypesoftransportation,asinatourusingacombinationofrail,air,andmotorcoachservices.

InternationalAirTransportAssociation(IATA):Atradeassociationofinternationalairlinesthatpromotesaunifiedsystemofairtransportationoninternationalroutes;setsfaresandrates,safetystandards,andconditionofservices;andappointsandregulatestravelagentstosellinternationaltickets.

InternationalAirlinesTravelAgentNetwork(IATAN):ThetradenameofthePassengerNetworkServicesCorporation(PNSC)createdbyIATAastheinternationalcounterpartoftheARCinappointingandregulatingtravelagencies.

Itinerary:Thetravelscheduleprovidedbyatravelagentforhisorherclient.Aproposedorpreliminaryitinerarymayberathervagueorveryspecific.Afinalitinerary,however,spellsoutalldetails—flightnumbers,departuretimes,andsoon–aswellasdescribingplannedactivities.

Jitney:Acar,Van,orsmallbustocarryasmallnumberofpassengers.

JointFare:Afareagreeduponbytwoormorecarrierstoprovideservicefromorigintodestination,orafareforanoff-lineconnection(withinacountry).

JointMarketingOrganization:Acompanythatmarketstheproductsofselectedsuppliersthroughitsranksofmemberagencies.

Junket:(1)apromotionallow-costtourpackageofferedbyaparticularsponsorsuchasagamblingcasino,hotel,orothertravelsupplier;(2)anonessentialtripusuallytakenattheexpenseofthepublictaxpayer.

Late-show:Apassengerorcustomerholdingareservationwhoarrivesatthecheck-indeskafterthedesignatedtime.

Limited-ServiceTravelAgency:Anagencythatspecializesinsellingonlyonetypeoftravelproduct,forexample,domesticairlinetickets,andgenerallyoffersdiscountedticketsastheprimarybasisforattractingclients.

LoadFactor:Theratio,expressedasapercentage,ofcarriercapacitysoldtototalcapacityofferedfrosale.Thetwomostcommonmeasuresarethenumberofpayingpassengerstonumberofavailableseatsandthenumberofseatmilestorevenuepassengermiles.Exampleofthelatter:Ifanairlineoperates100,000seatmilesanditssalestotalis50,000revenuepassengermiles,itisoperatingata50percentloadfactor.

MeetingandConventionPlanner:Aprofessionalconsultantwhospecializesintheplanningandexecutionofconventionsandbusinessmeetings.

MinimumConnectingTime:Theamountoftimerequiredtochangeplanes,establishedbyregulation.

ModifiedAmericanPlan(MAP)Amealplanthatincludestwomealsdaily(usuallybreakfastanddinner)withthepriceofaccommodations.

Motorcoach:Abusdesignedtocarrypassengersfortouring,frequentlyequippedwithtoiletfacilities.

NationalTourismOfficeorOrganization(NTO):AlsoknownasNationalTourismAdministration(NTA).ThePrimarygovernmentagencychargedwiththeimplementationofnationalgoalsandpublicpolicywithrespecttotourism.

NetRate:Awholesaleratebeforemarkupforresale.

NetWholesaleRate:Arateusuallyslightlylowerthanthewholesalerate,applicabletogroupsofindividualswhenahotelisspecificallymentionedinatourfolder.Rateismarkedupbywholesalesellersoftourtocoverdistribution,promotion,andsoon.

NonscheduledServices:Revenueflightsthatarenotoperatedinregularscheduledservice,suchascharterflightsandallnon-revenueflightsincidenttosuchflights.

OfficialAirlineGuide(OAG):Apublicationthatprovidescurrentdataonavailableairlineservicesbetweencity-pairs.ThereisalsoanelectroniceditionoftheOAG.

On-TimePerformance:Thenumberandpercentageofaircraft,flightsarrivingontime,orflightsarrivingwithinfifteenminutesofthecarrier’spublishedscheduledarrivaltimeforanyspecifiedflightorgroupofflightsduringanyspecifiedperiod.

OpenJaw:Anarrangement,route,orfare,authorizedinatariff,grantingthetravelingpublictheprivilegeofpurchasinground-triptransportationfromthepointoforigintoonedestinationatwhichanotherformoftransportationisusedtoaseconddestination,atwhichpointthepassengerresumestheoriginalformoftransportationandreturnstothepointoforigin;orfromsuchdestinationtoanotherdestinationthatisinthegeneraldirectionoftheoriginalstartingpoint.

Option:Atourextensionorsidetripofferedatextracost.

Out-plantOperation:Anoperationwheretheagencyclientperformsmostofitsownitinerarywork,thentransmitstheinformationtotheagency,withtheagencydoingtheactualticketing.Thecommissionisgenerallysplitaccordingtoan