定语从句学案

定语从句知识应该掌握到什么程度?Learningaims:1.关系副词where/when/why引导的定语从句2.介词+which/whom引导的定语从句关系副词引导定语从句在定语从句中，关系副词主要有3个：when,where和why.1）when在定语从句中表时间，作状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如：time,day,season,age,occasion等。Ican’tforgetthenightwhenIcametothefarm.翻译：__________________________________________________2)where在定语从句中表示地点，作状语，其先行词通常是place,city,town,factory,table,village,house等表示地点的名词situation,case,condition,point等表示抽象意义的名词。Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.翻译：____________________________________________________Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.翻译：____________________________________________________3)why在定语从句中表示原因，作状语，先行词一般是reason.ThatisthereasonwhyIdidso.翻译：___________________________Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.翻译：_____________________________________________________【注意】1)并非先行词表示时间、地点或原因时,引导词就用when,where或why;若定语从句中不缺状语而缺主语或宾语则须用which或that引导定语从句。I’llneverforgetthedays______weworkedtogether.I’llneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.Doyouknowthereason______hefailedintheexamthistime?Thereason_____hegavemewasreasonable.2)when,where,why,引导的定语从句可用“介词+which”来替换。其介词可根据先行词和定语从句中的谓语动词来判断。when相当于at/in/on/during等+which.ThedateonwhichhejoinedthePartywasJuly1，1984.翻译：where相当于at/in/on/等+whichThehouseinwhichhelivedisalibrarynow.翻译：why相当于for+which.Isthatthereasonforwhichhewasabsentfromclass?翻译：2.介词+关系代词（which,whom）引导的定语从句1)介词+which在定语从句中充当时间，地点，原因状语，相当于when,where,why.(上边已经讲述)2)介词+which/whom,关系代词作介词的宾语，这是我们学习定语从句的重点，也是高考的常考点。which指物，whom指人。在这种结构中，介词的选择非常关键,可根据定语从句所修饰的名词或代词来选择介词。也可根据从句的相关动词来选用。ThisistheprofessorfromwhomIhavelearntalot.翻译：HaveyouseethepenwithwhichIwritemyhomework.翻译：Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.翻译：【注意】在日常英语中通常把介词放在从句的句末，省略关系词which/whomThisistheprofessor(whom/that)Ihavelearnedalotfrom.Thisisthecamera(which/that)heoftentakesphotoswith.【学法点拨】1）“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的选取必须遵循“一先；二动；三意义”的原则。即：a.根据先行词的搭配而定；b.根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配而定；c.根据整句话的意义而定。2)介词+关系代词引导定语从句时，介词的选择应注意几个问题：a.有的介词时定语从句中词组的固定搭配拆开的结果，用什么介词由从句的动词决定。Heistheboywho/whomIwastalkingto.=HeistheboytowhomIwastalking.翻译：