避免cliché写作更清新 中英互译

Whatisacliché?cliché是什么？

Herearesomeexamplesoffamiliarclichédexpressions:下面是两例常见的老套表达：—We’restillassickasaparrotabouttheresult.—Whenit’sallsaidanddone,attheendoftheday,IcansayImadeadifferenceintheworld.Thefirstcomesfromanewspaper,thesecondfromthetranscriptofatelevisionnewsprogramme.第一个例子来自一份报纸，第二个来自电视新闻节目的文本。

Clichésarewordsandphrasesthathavebeenusedsooftenthatthey’renolongerveryinterestingoreffective.Theymayhavestartedoutasacolourful,inventivephrase,likeassickasaparrot,butthey’vebeenpickedupandusedsowidelyandindiscriminatelythatthey’velosttheirimpactandbecomestale.clichés指由于过分使用而不再有趣或有效果的词汇和短语。它们最初可能是富有创意、引人入胜的短语，比如assickasaparrot，但被过于广泛、随意地使用，以至失去影响力，变了味儿。

Clichésarepartofoureverydayspeech—weoftendon’trealizethatwe’reusingthem.Theyalsooccurespeciallyfrequentlyincertaintypesofwriting(suchasjournalism)orareasofactivity(suchassport,business,orpolitics),asdemonstratedbythetwoexamplesabove.clichés是我们日常言语的一部分——我们常常没有意识到正在使用它们。正如上述两例所示，这些表达还尤其频繁地出现在某些类型的写作（如新闻报道）或活动领域（如体育、商业或政治）中。

What’swrongwithusingclichés?使用clichés有什么不妥？

Whenyou’rewritingonamoreformallevel,it’sbettertotrytoavoidusingclichés.Theytendtoannoypeople,especiallyifthey’reoverused,andtheymayevencreateanimpressionoflazinessoralackofcarefulthought.Somepeoplejusttuneoutwhentheyhearaclichéandsotheymaymissthepointthatyou’retryingtomake.在撰写较为正式的文章时，最好避免使用陈词滥调。它们往往会惹恼人，尤其是一些词汇过度使用甚至会给人留下懒惰或不经认真思考的印象。有些人会自动屏蔽那些陈词滥调，因此可能错过你想表达的观点。

Here’salistofsomecommonclichéstolookoutforandavoid:以下是一些常见的clichés，供参考并尽量避免：attheendoftheday最终，到头来backontrack重回正轨thefactofthematter实际情况fewandfarbetween寥寥无几alevelplayingfield公平竞争的环境inthisdayandage在这个时代toallintentsandpurposes达到所有目的whenall’ssaidanddone当尘埃落定inthefinalanalysis归根到底comefullcircle周而复始parforthecourse意料之中thinkoutsidethebox跳出框框思考avoidsomeoneorsomethingliketheplague像避开瘟疫般避开某人或某事inthecurrentclimate在目前环境下massexodus大举迁徙atthismomentintime此时此刻thepathofleastresistance最小阻力路径abaptismoffire一次火的洗礼，严峻考验inanyway,shape,orform在任何情况下fitforpurpose量身定制，有的放矢

Actionpoints行动要点

Onceyou’vespottedaclichéinyourwriting,youneedtorephraseyoursentence.在写作中一旦发现cliché，就需要重新措词。

Herearesometipsandstrategiestohelpyoudothis.以下是一些提示和应对策略，希望有所帮助。01Thinkaboutwhattheclichéactuallymeans想想这个cliché到底是什么意思

Thinkaboutthebasicsenseoftheexpression:whatdoesitactuallymean?You’llprobablyfindthatsomekeywordscometomindeitherassynonymsoras‘ingredients’oftheoverallmeaning.Nowyoucan:想想这个表达的基本含义：到底是什么意思？你很可能会想到一些关键词，要么是同义词，要么是整体意思的“一部分”。现在你可以：—useoneofthesekeywordstoreplacetheclichéaltogether——从想到的关键词中选一个完全替换cliché—lookthemupinathesaurustofindotheralternatives——在同义词词典中查找其他替换词

Ifyoufinditdifficulttocomeupwiththebasicmeaning,trylookingtheclichéupinadictionary.Thenyoucanusethewordsinthedictionarydefinitionasastartingpointforfindingsuitablesynonymsinathesaurus.如果觉得很难总结出基本意思，那就在词典中查查这个cliché。然后以词典定义为基础，在同义词词典中查找合适的替换词。02Decidewhetheryouactuallyneedtheexpressionatall想想是否真的需要这个表达

Quitealotofclichésarejustlong-winded‘fillers’,i.e.wordsorgroupsofwordsusedjusttomaintaintheflowofspeech,ortopadoutaspeechorpieceofwriting.Ifyouidentifyaclichédexpressionofthissort,youcanjustremoveitaltogether.Wordy,overusedphrasesmightincreasethelengthofapieceofwritingbuttheywon’timproveitsgeneralquality.很多cliché只是长篇大论中的“填充剂”，比如使用一些单词或词组只是为了保持演讲的流畅性，或是为了衬托某个演讲或某篇文章。如果认定这个表达属此类情况，那就可以整个删除。过度使用的冗长短语会增加文章篇幅，却不会提高文章整体质量。03Rewriteyoursentence改写句子

Herearesomeexamplesofhowyoumightgoaboutreplacingclichésinyourwriting.Firstyou’llseeasentencecontainingacliché(inbold).Thesecondcolumngivesitsmeaning,withkeywordshighlightedinbold,thethirdgivessomesuggestionsforhowtotakeaction,andinthefinalcolumntheoriginalsentenceisrewrittenwithoutthecliché.以下是一些在写作中如何替换cliché的例子。第一栏，含有某个cliché（粗体）的句子；第二栏，分析其含义，给出粗体关键字；第三栏，提出操作建议；最后一栏，原句被改写，消除了cliché。

ORIGINALSENTENCEMEANINGORKEYWORDSSUGGESTIONSFORACTIONREWRITTENSENTENCEInthisdayandage,websitesareoneofthemostsignificantpublic

facesofanyorganization.nowadays,todayuseoneofthekeywordsinstead,orlookthemupinathesaurusToday,websitesareoneofthemostsignificant

publicfacesofanyorganization.Hisfirstjob,inanindustrialareaoftheUK,

provedtobe

abaptismoffire.a

difficultintroduction

toanewjoboractivityusethekeywordsorfindsynonymsinathesaurusHisfirstjob,inanindustrialareaoftheUK,

provedtobeadifficultstarttohiscareer.Thelong-termprospectsfortheserviceare

lookingfairlybleak

atthismomentintime.nowusethekeywordorlookupanalternativeThelong-termprospectsfortheserviceare

currentlylookingfairlybleak.Attheendoftheday,itistheministerhimselfwhohastomakethe

decision.finally,ultimatelyuseoneofthekeywordsorlookupalternativesUltimately,itistheministerhimselfwhohastomakethedecision.Theauthoritiesannouncedthattheywouldnot

toleratedrugswithinthesport

inanyway,shape,orform.underanycircumstancesmainlyusedforemphasisandcanbeomittedwithoutchangingthemeaningTheauthoritiesannouncedthattheywouldnottoleratedrugswithinthesport.Intheclosingscene,thefilm

comesfull

circle.returntoapreviouspositionorsituationrewordalongthelinesofthemeaningIntheclosingscenes,thefilmreturnstothe

ideaswithwhichitbegan.The1970swereatimewhendetentionwithouttrialwas

parforthecourse.whatis

normal

orexpectedinacertainsituationrewordalongthelinesofthemeaning,usethekeyword,orlookupsynonymsforitThe1970swereatimewhendetentionwithouttrialwasanormaloccurrence.Children’sservicesinthecity’shospitalswerenot

fitforpurpose,accordingtothereport.meet

the

requiredstandardsrewordusingthemeaninggiven,orfindsynonymsforthekeywordsChildren’sservicesinthecity’shospitalswere

notmeetingtherequiredstandards,accordingtothereport.Thecompanyconsidersthatthisrequirement

is,

toallintentsandpurposes,impossibletoachieve.inallimportantrespectsmainlyusedforemphasisandcanoftenbeomittedThecompanyconsidersthatthisrequirementis

impossibletoachieve