2025版高考英语一轮复习真题精练专题一阅读理解热考主题2人物故事课件

知主题考频热考主题考频课标链接真题示例1.生活、学习与工作5年41考※个人、家庭、社区及学校生活※乐于学习，善于学习，终身学习※未来职业发展趋势，个人职业倾向、未来规划等2023新课标Ⅱ卷·B学校菜园项目2.人物故事5年15考※认识自我，丰富自我，完善自我※优秀品行，正确的人生态度，公民义务与社会责任2022全国甲卷·C南极洲之旅3.身心健康5年7考※健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度2022新高考Ⅱ卷·D锻炼对心脏的好处4.历史、文化与艺术5年30考※小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学名著等※绘画、建筑等领域的代表性作品和人物※不同民族文化习俗与传统节日※物质与非物质文化遗产2023全国乙卷·D历史的考证5.社会现象与热点5年10考※社会热点问题2022全国乙卷·D英国征收糖税6.科学、探索与研究5年25考※社会进步与人类文明※科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全2023新课标Ⅰ卷·B生态设计7.生态环保5年20考※自然环境、自然遗产保护※人与环境、人与动植物※人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系2023年1月浙江卷·D降低太阳能电池板对环境的影响

知考法考向选材方面关注时代发展，选择具有时代特征的语篇；重视生态环保，引导考生树立命运共同体意识；偏好具有思辨性的材料，注重思维品质的考查；选取科学研究类文章，培育乐于探究的科学精神；强化体美劳教育引导，体现运动意识、身心健康、审美情趣和劳动精神。语篇类型方面说明文、记叙文、应用文是主流，会涉及夹叙夹议文、议论文、书评等类型和广告、通知等非连续性文本及多模态语篇。设题方面加强批判性思维和辩证思维考查，批判性思维能力一般通过设置推理性、诠释性和批判性问题来考查；大部分试题考查推断、归纳和概括等高阶阅读理解能力。知备考方向①平时精选一些与热考主题相关的英语原版文章进行精读，积累其中的词汇，剖析长难句，要特别留意词类的活用和语篇内部的逻辑关系。②培养语篇意识，学会分析语篇内容、语篇结构、主题意义、文体特征、语言特点、修辞手法等；主动发问，创设问题，培养比较、分析、推断、归纳、概括、质疑、评判、建构、创新等思维品质。③无论是阅读还是做试题练习，都要注意所选文章的类型要多样化，除了常见的记叙文、说明文，也要选取一些议论文、书评等类型的文章。④英语学科的阅读理解能力归纳为七项具体能力：理解词汇、理解具体信息、理解主旨要义、理解观点态度、理解目的、推断、理解文章结构类型。所以，在复习时要善于总结做这七类试题的技巧，提高解题能力。热考主题2人物故事

Passage1话题：四位女医生的非凡经历主题语境：人与社会词数：约235

难度：★★★☆☆[2023全国乙卷·A]PRACTITIONERSJacquelineFelicedeAlmania(c.1322)highlightsthesuspicionthatwomenpracticingmedicinefaced.BorntoaJewishfamilyinFlorence,shemovedtoPariswheresheworkedasaphysicianandperformedsurgery.In1322shewastriedforpracticingunlawfully.Inspiteofthecourthearingtestimonials(证明)ofherabilityasadoctor,shewasbannedfrommedicine.TanYunxian(1461‒1554)wasaChinesephysicianwholearnedherskillsfromhergrandparents.Chinesewomenatthetimecouldnotserveapprenticeships(学徒期)withdoctors.However,Tanpassedtheofficialexam.Tantreatedwomenfromallwalksoflife.In1511,Tanwroteabook,SayingsofaFemaleDoctor,describingherlifeasaphysician.JamesBarry(c.1789‒1865)wasbornMargaretBulkleyinIrelandbut,dressedasaman,shewasacceptedbyEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicine.Shequalifiedasasurgeonin1813,thenjoinedtheBritishArmy,servingoverseas.Barryretiredin1859,havingpracticedherentiremedicalprofessionlivingandworkingasaman.RebeccaLeeCrumpler(1831‒1895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegeinBostonin1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.ShemovedtoVirginiain1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.1.WhatdidJacquelineandJameshaveincommon?A.Doingteachingjobs.B.Beinghiredasphysicians.C.Performingsurgery.D.Beingbannedfrommedicine.2.HowwasTanYunxiandifferentfromtheotherpractitioners?A.Shewroteabook.B.Shewentthroughtrials.C.Sheworkedasadentist.D.Shehadformaleducation.3.WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?A.JacquelineFelicedeAlmania.B.TanYunxian.C.JamesBarry.D.RebeccaLeeCrumpler.【解析】

本文介绍了历史上四位女医生的非凡经历。1.C推断根据JacquelineFelicedeAlmania中的"shemovedtoPariswheresheworkedasaphysicianandperformedsurgery"和JamesBarry中的"Shequalifiedasasurgeonin1813"可知，这两个人的共同之处就是她们都做手术。故选C。2.A理解具体信息根据TanYunxian部分的介绍可知，谈允贤从小跟着爷爷奶奶学医，并通过了官方的考试，一生中为各行各业的女性诊疗。她还写了一本名为《女医杂言》的书，记录了自己的女医生涯。其他三个医生的介绍中并未提到写书，因此选A。【干扰项分析】

第一个人物介绍中提到JacquelineFelicedeAlmania因非法行医受到法庭的审判，B项属于张冠李戴，应被排除；文章没有提到谈允贤当牙医，故C项错误；谈允贤从小跟着家人学医，因此D项也是错误的。3.D理解具体信息根据RebeccaLeeCrumpler中的"shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree"可知，RebeccaLeeCrumpler是第一个获得医学学位的非裔美国人。因此答案为D。【二次精读】

核心单词：highlightv.突出；强调

n.最好(或最精彩、最激动人心)的部分suspicionn.怀疑physiciann.医生unlawfullyadv.非法地qualifyv.取得资格(或学历);合格核心短语：bansb.from(doing)sth.禁止某人(做)某事fromallwalksoflife来自社会各界bedressedas打扮成Passage2话题：南极洲之旅主题语境：人与自我词数：约305

难度：★★★☆☆[2022全国甲卷·C]AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鹅)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.

AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland."IjustdecidedIwantedtogo,"shesays."IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’tnervous.Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway."InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe’dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica."Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas,"Ginnisays."IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater."Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.1.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"taketheplunge"underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings.

B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories. D.Sticktoapromise.2.WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?A.Lovelypenguins.

B.Beautifulscenery.C.Adiscountfare.

D.Afriend’sinvitation.3.WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?A.Itcouldbeahomeforher. B.Itshouldbeeasilyaccessible.C.Itshouldbewellpreserved. D.Itneedstobefullyintroduced.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Achildhooddream. B.Anunforgettableexperience.C.Sailingaroundtheworld. D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.【解析】

本文讲述了GinniBazlinton难忘的南极洲之旅。1.A理解词汇根据第二段第二句中的"shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther"可知，Ginni一直渴望进一步探索世界。由本段最后一句话"Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge"可知，当Ginni退休，儿子们离家独立后，她决定是时候冒险尝试，踏上旅途了。故选A。2.C理解具体信息根据第三段中的"itwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarctica"可知，Ginni发现她可以赶上驶往南极洲的最后一刻的低价船票。故选C。3.C理解观点、态度根据文章最后一段"Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni"可知,南极洲之旅后，Ginni意识到了那是一片净土，应该受到人类的尊重和保护，这让她深受触动。A项"南极洲可以成为她的家"；B项"南极洲理应易达"；D项"南极洲需要被全面地介绍"。故选C项。4.B理解主旨要义(文章大意)文章提及Ginni喜欢旅行，着重介绍了Ginni难忘的南极洲奇遇。A项"一个童年梦想"，与全文主题不符；C项"环游世界"，范畴超过了本文内容；D项"遇见南极洲的动物"，以偏概全。故选B项。【二次精读】

核心单词：kick-startv.使……尽快启动，促使……开始last-minuteadj.紧急关头的，最后一分钟才完成(或决定、安排好)的核心短语：taketheplunge决定冒险一试，果断行事hithometosb.使某人深受触动Passage3话题：通过行动克服焦虑主题语境：人与自我词数：约345

难度：★★★☆☆[2022北京卷·B]MynameisAlice.Earlylastyear,Iwastroubledbyananxietythatcrippled(削弱)myabilitytodoanything.Ifeltlikeastormcloudhungoverme.ForalmostayearIstruggledon,constantlystaringatthiswallthatfacedme.Myperfectionisttendencieswerethemainrootofthis:IwantedtobeperfectatwhateverIdid,whichobviouslyinlifeisnotpossible,butitconsumedme.Oneday,IattendedapresentationbywildlifeconservationistGrantBrownatmyhighschool.Hispresentationnotonlyawedandinspiredme,butalsohelpedemergeaninnerdesiretomakeadifferenceintheworld.Ijoinedapre-presentationdinnerwithhimandthatsmallersettingallowedmetoslowlybuildupmycouragetospeakone-on-onewithhim—anideathathadseemedcompletelyimpossible.Thisfirstcontactwaswheremystorybegan.Amonthlater,BrowninvitedmetoattendtheWorldYouthWildlifeConference.Lookingback,Inowseethatthiswouldbethefirstinaseriesoftimelyopportunitiesthatmyoldselfwouldhaveletpass,butthatthisnewandmoreconfidentAliceenthusiasticallyseized.ShortlyafterIreceivedhisinvitation,applicationstojointheYouthforNatureandtheYouthforPlanetgroupsweresentaroundthroughmyhighschool.Idecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.IamwritingthisjustsixmonthssincemyjourneybeganandI’verealisedthatmybiggestobstacle(障碍)thiswholetimewasmyself.Itwasthatvoiceinthebackofmyheadtellingmethatonephrasethathasstoppedsomanypeoplefromreachingtheirpotential:Ican’t.Theysaygoodthingscometothosewhowait;Isay:grabeveryopportunitywitheverythingyouhaveandbeimpatient.Afterall,naturedoesnotrequireourpatience,butouraction.1.WhatwasthemaincauseforAlice’sanxiety?A.Herinabilitytoactherage.

B.Herhabitofconsumption.C.Herdesiretobeperfect.

D.Herlackofinspiration.2.HowdidGrantBrown’spresentationinfluenceAlice?A.Shedecidedtodosomethingfornature.B.Shetastedthesweetnessoffriendship.C.Shelearnedabouttheharmofdesire.D.Shebuiltuphercouragetospeakup.3.TheactivitiesAlicejoinedinhelpedhertobecomemore

.

A.intelligent

B.confident C.innovative

D.critical4.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Practicemakesperfect.

B.Patienceisacureofanxiety.C.Actionisworry’sworstenemy.

D.Everythingcomestothosewhowait.【解析】

Alice曾经是一个完美主义者，凡事都追求完美，这导致她很焦虑。受野生动物保护主义者GrantBrown的启发，她决定为保护自然做贡献。通过参加活动她变得更加自信，最终也克服了焦虑。1.C理解具体信息根据第一段中的"Myperfectionisttendencieswerethemainrootofthis:IwantedtobeperfectatwhateverIdid"可知，Alice焦虑的主要原因是她渴望完美。2.A理解具体信息根据第二段中的"Hispresentationnot...intheworld"可知，GrantBrown的讲座不仅让她肃然起敬，鼓舞了她，也让她萌生了改变世界的想法。又结合第三段中参加保护自然的活动可知，受GrantBrown讲座的影响，她希望能为大自然做点事情。3.B理解具体信息根据第三段中的"butthatthisnewandmoreconfidentAliceenthusiasticallyseized""Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence"可知，Alice参加的这些活动帮助她变得更加自信。4.C推断通读全文可知，完美主义者Alice非常焦虑，受野生动物保护主义者GrantBrown的影响，她决定为保护自然做贡献，通过参加活动她变得更加自信，也克服了焦虑。由此可推知，行动是克服焦虑的好办法，故C项正确。【二次精读】

核心单词：perfectionistn.完美主义者emergev.暴露，露出真相，被知晓；(从隐蔽处或暗处)出现，浮现；显露potentialadj.潜在的；可能的

n.潜力；可能性核心短语：hangover笼罩；威胁词缀变形：presentationn.颁奖仪式；展示会；讲座；(戏剧等的)上演，演出→presentv.颁发；授予；提出；提交

n.现在；目前；礼物；礼品

adj.在场的；目前的enthusiasticallyadv.热心地，满腔热情地→enthusiasticadj.热心的；热情的→enthusiasmn.热情impatientadj.不耐烦的；没有耐心的；急于；热切期待→impatiencen.不耐烦，无耐心→patientadj.能忍耐的；有耐心的Passage4话题：钢琴翻谱员主题语境：人与自我词数：约325

难度：★★★☆☆[2021新高考Ⅰ卷·B]Byday,RobertTittermanisalawyer.InhissparetimethoughhegoesonstagebesidepianistMariaRaspopova—notasamusicianbutasherpageturner."I’mnotatrainedmusician,butI’velearnttoreadmusicsoIcanhelpMariainherperformance."MrTittermanischairmanoftheOmegaEnsemblebuthasbeenthegroup’sofficialpageturnerforthepastfouryears.Hisjobistositbesidethepianistandturnthepagesofthescoresothemusiciandoesn’thavetobreaktheflowofsoundbydoingitthemselves.Hesaidhebecamejustasnervousasthoseplayinginstrumentsonstage."Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.Youhavetomakesureyoudon’tturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusicwhenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot,"MrTittermanexplained.Beingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpractice.Somepiecesofmusiccangofor40minutesandrequireupto50pageturns,includingbackturnsforrepeatpassages.Silentonstagecommunicationiskey,andeachpianisthastheirownstyleof"nodding"toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopractisewiththeirpageturner.Butlikeallperformances,therearemomentswhenthingsgowrong."Iwasturningthepagetogetreadyforthenextpage,butthedraftwindfromtheturncausedthesparepagestofalloffthestand,"MrTittermansaid."LuckilyIwasabletocatchthemandputthemback."Mostpageturnersarepianostudentsorup-and-comingconcertpianists,althoughMsRaspopovahasonceaskedherhusbandtohelpheroutonstage."Myhusbandistheworstpageturner,"shelaughed."He’sabsorbedinthemusic,feelingeverynote,andIhavetosay:‘Turn,turn!’RobertisthebestpageturnerI’vehadinmyentirelife."1.WhatshouldTittermanbeabletodotobeapageturner?A.Readmusic.

B.Playthepiano. C.Singsongs.

D.Fixtheinstruments.2.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTitterman’sjobonstage?A.Boring.

B.Well-paid.

C.Demanding.

D.Dangerous.3.WhatdoesTittermanneedtopractise?A.Countingthepages.

B.Recognizingthe"nodding".C.Catchingfallingobjects.

D.Performinginhisownstyle.4.WhyisM