大学英语2020年9月四级阅读理解第二套卷电子讲义

ReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredto

selectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbank

followingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemaking

yourchoices.EachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletterPlease

markthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecentreYoumaynotuseanyofthewordsinthe

bankmorethanonce.

Itcanbeseenfromthecheapestbudgetairlinestotheworldslargestcarriers:

Airlinesacrosstheglobevariousshadesofblueintheircabinseats,anditisno

27.TheredoesappeartobesomepsychologybehinditBlue28is

withthepositivequalitiesoftrust,efficiency,quietness,coolness,reflectionandcalm.

NigelGoodeisaleadingaviationdesignerwhoworksatacompanywhichhas

beendeliveringaircraftinteriorsforairlinesfor30years.〃0urjobasdesignersisto

reinforcetheairlinesbrandandmakeitmore29,“hesays."Butourprimary

concernistodeliveraninteriorthat30comforttocreateapleasant

environment〃

〃Ifsallaboutmakingthetravelingexperienceless31andblueissaidto

induceafeelingofcalm.Whilesomeofthebudgetairlinesmightusebrighter;bolder

shades,mostothersgowithsoftenedtones.The32aimistocreatea

home-likerelaxingfeel,soairlinestendtousesoftcolorsthatfeeldomestic,

33andearthyforthatreason.”

lisalsoatrendthatemergeddecadesagoandhas34stuck.〃Blue

becamethecolorofchoicebecauseifsaconservative,agreeable,corporateshadethat

35beingtrustworthyandsafe.That;swhyyouseeitusedinalloftheolder

airlineslikeBritishAirways,"NigelGoodeadded.

A)associatedI)maximizes

B)coincidenceJ)natural

0determinedK)principal

D)drasticallyL)recognizable

E)enormousM)simply

F)imitateN)stressful

G)indication0)symbolizes

H)Integrate

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatements

attachedtoitEachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneofthe

paragraphs.Identifytheparargraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.

Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarked

withaletter:Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletter

onAnswerSheet2.

WhyAreAsianAmericansMissingfromOurTextbooks?

[A]Istillremembermyfourth-gradesocialstudiesprojectOurclasswas

studyingtheGoldRush,somethingallCaliforniafourth-graderslearned.Iwasexcited

becauseIhadaskedtoresearchChineseimmigrantsduringthateraGrowingupin

theSanFranciscoBayArea,Ihadalwaysknownthat〃SanFrancisco"translatedto

“GoldMountairi，inChinese.ThenamehadstuckeversinceChineseimmigrants

arrivedontheshoresofNorthernCaliforniainthe1850s,eagertotrytheirluckinthe

goldmines.NowI'dhavethechancetolearnaboutthem.

[B]Myexcitementwasshort-lived.Irememberheadingtothelibrarywith

myclassandaskingforhelpIrememberthelibrarianshesitation.Shefinallyledme

pastrowafterrowofbooks,toacomerofthelibrarywhereshepulledanoversized

bookofftheshelfShecheckedtheindexandturnedovertoapageaboutearly

ChineseimmigrantsinCaliforniaThatwasalltherewasinmyentireschoollibrary

inSanFrancisco,homeofthenationsfirstChinatown.Thatwasit

[C]IfinallyhadtheopportunitytolearnaboutAsianAmericanslikemyself

andhowwebecamepartofthefabricoftheUnitedStateswhenItookan

introductoryclassonAsian-Americanhistcryincollege.TheclasswasarevelationI

realizedhowmuchhadbeenmissinginmytextbooksasIgrewup.Myidentityhad

beenshapedbyyearsofneverreading,seeing,hearing,orlearningaboutpeoplewho

hadasimilarbackgroundasme.Why,Iwondered,werentthestories,histories,and

contributionsofAsianAmericanstaughtinK-12schools,especiallyintheelementary

schools?Whyaretheystillnottaught?

[D]Ourstudents一Asian,Latino,AfricanAmerican,NativeAmerican,and,

yes,white-standtogainfromamulticulturalcurriculum.Studentsofcoloraremore

engagedandearnbettergradeswhentheyseethemselvesintheirstudies.Research

hasalsofoundthatwhitestudentsbenefitbybeingchallengedandexposedtonew

perspectives.

[E]Fordecades,activistshavecalledforschoolstoofferanti-racismor

multiculturalcurriculaYetatraditionalAmericanK_12curriculumcontinuestobe

taughtfromaEurocentricpointofview.Beingmulticulturaloftenfallsbackon

weavingchildrenofcolorintophotographs,orcreatingafewsupportingcharacters

thathappentobeethnic-animprovement,butsuperficialnonetheless.Elementary

schoolclassroomscelebrateculturalholidays-LunarNewYear!Redenvelopes!

Liondancers!-buttheyrequicktoglossover（掩饰）thechallengesandinjusticesthat

AsianAmericanshavefacedMoststudentsdont,forexample,learnaboutthelaws

thatforyearsexcludedAsiansfromgratingtotheU.S.Theydonthearthenarrative

sofhowandwhySoutheastAsianrefugees（难民）hadtorebuildtheirliveshere.

[F]Researchintowhatstudentslearninschoolhasfoundjusthowmuchis

missingintheirstudies.Inananalysis,ChristineSleetei;aprofessorintheCollegeof

ProfessionalStudiesatCaliforniaStateUniversityMontereyBay,reviewed

Californiashistoryandsocialstudiesframework,thecurriculumdeterminedbystate

educatorsthatinfluenceswhatistaughtinK_12classrooms.Ofthenearly100

Americansrecommendedtobestudied,77%werewhite,18%AfricanAmerican,4%

NativeAmerican,and1%Latino.NonewereAsianAmerican.

[G]Worse,whenAsianAmericansdomakeanappearanceinlessonbooks,

itisoftenlacedwithproblems."Therehasntbeenmuchprogress,/zsaysNicholas

Hartlep,anassistantprofessoratMetropolitanStateUniversity;His2016studyof

K-12socialstudiestextbooksandteachermanualsfoundthatAsianAmericanswere

poorlyrepresentedatbest,andsubjectedtoracistcaricatures（拙劣的模仿）atworst

ThewidediversityofAsianAmericanswasoverlooked;therewasverylittlemention

ofSouthAsiansorPacificIslanders,forexample.Andchanceswere,intheimages,

AsianAmericansappearedinstereotypical（模式化的）roles,suchasengineers.

[H]Teacherswithamulticulturalbackgroundortrainingcouldperhaps

overcomesuchcurriculumchallenges,buttheyrefewandfarbetween.InCalifornia,

65%ofK_12teachersarewhite,comparedwithastudentpopulationthatis75%

studentsofcolorNationwide,thegapisevengreaterItisritarequirementthat

teacherssharethesameracialorethnicbackgroundastheirstudents,butthe

imbalanceposeschallenges,fromthepotentialforunconsciousbiastoalackof

knowledgeorcomfortindiscussingraceandculture.

[I]Howraceandethnicityistaughtiscrucial,saysAllyson

Tintiangco-Cubales,anAsian-AmericanstudiesprofessoratSanFranciscoState

University.Sheaddedthatifsnotsomuchabouttheteachersbackground,butabout

training,"Youcanhaveagreatcurriculumbutifyoudonthaveteachersdedicated

（专注于）toteachingitwelL〃shesays,z，itwontworkaswellasyouwantitto，z

[J]SometeachersarefindingwaystoexposestudentstoAsiarrAmerican

issues-ifnotduringschoolhours,thenoutsideofthem.Thissummer,WilsonWong

willleadaclassofrisingfifth-gradersatadaycampdedicatedtoChinesecultureand

theChinese-AmericancommunityinOakland,CaliforniaHisstudents,forinstance,

willlearnabouthowChineseimmigrantsbuilttherailroadsinCalifornia,andeven

haveachanceto"experience〃itthemselves:Theywillraceeachothertobuilda

railroadmodelontheplayground,withsomestudentsbeingforcedto"work〃longer

andfasterandatcheaperwages.Wong,amiddleschoolteacherduringtheschool

year;hopeshesexposingthestudentstohowChineseAmericanscontributedtothe

U.S.,somethingthathedidntgetasastudentgrowingupintheSanFranciscoBay

Area〃Iplantedtheseedsearly〃hesays.〃Thatfswhatfmhopingfor〃

[K]And,despitesetbacks,thetidemayfinallybeturning.California

legislatorspassedabilllastyearthatwillbringethnicstudiestoallitspublichigh

schoolsSomeschooldistricts,includingSanFranciscoandLosAngeles,already

offerethnicstudiesatitshighschoolsHighschoolsinPortland,Chicago,and

elsewherehaveeitherimplemeritedorwillsoonintroduceethnicstudiesclasses.And,

asmorehighschoolsbeginteachingit,thedoorcouldcrackopenformiddleschools,

and,perhapsinevitably,elementaryschoolstoincorporateatrulymoremulticultural

curriculum.Doingsowillsendanimportantmessagetothenationsyoungestcitizens:

Whateveryourraceorethnicity,youmatterYourhistorymatters.Yourstorymatters

36.Whileculturalholidaysarecelebrated,theinjusticesexperiencedbyAsian

Americansarenotexposedinelementaryschoolclassrooms.

37.LittleinformationcanbefoundaboutChineseimmigrantsintheauthors

schoollibrary.

38.Amiddleschoolteacherismakingagreatefforttohelpstudentslearnabout

thecontributionsmadebyChineseimmigrantstoAmerica

39.NoAsianAmericanswereincludedinthelistofhistoricalfigures

recommendedforstudyinK-12classrooms.

40.Thereisanobviouslackofteacherswithamulticulturalperspectivetomeet

thecurriculumchallengesinAmerica

41.Studentsofethnicbackgroundslearnbetterfromamulticulturalcurriculum.

42.NowmoreandmorehighschoolsinAmericaareincludingethnicstudiesin

theircurriculums.

43.AstudyofsomeK-12textbooksandteachermanualsshowedthatAsian

Americanswereinadequatelyandimproperlyrepresentedinthem.

44.Whentakingaclassincollege,theauthorrealizedthatalotofinformation

aboutAsianAmericanswasleftoutofthetextbookshestudied.

45.AnAsian-Americanstudiesprofessorplacedgreateremphasisonteacher

trainingthanonteachersbackground.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome

questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoices

markedA）,B）,C）andD）.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmark

thecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthe

centre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Wheniscleaningwallsacrime?Whenyouredoingittocreateart,obviously;A

numberofstreetartistsaroundtheworldhavestartedexpressingthemselvesthrougha

practiceknownasreversegraffiti

（涂鸦）.Theyfinddirtysurfacesandpaintthemwithimagesormessagesusing

cleaningbrushesorpressurehorses（高压水管）.Eitherway,ifsthesameprinciple:

theimageismadebycleaningawaythedirtEachartisthastheirownindividualstyle

butallartistsshareacommonaim:todrawattentiontothepollutioninourcitiesThe

UK'sPaulCurtigbetterknownasMoose,operatesaroundLeedsandLondonandhas

beencommissionedbyanumberofcompaniestomakereversegraffiti

advertisements.

Brazilianartist,AlexandreOrion,turnedoneofSaoPaulostransporttunnelsinto

anamazingwallpaintingin2006bygettingridofthedirtMadeupofaseriesof

whiteskulls（颅骨）,thepaintingremindsdriversoftheeffecttheirpollutionishaving

ontheplanet."Everymotoristsitsinthecomfortoftheircar;buttheydontgiveany

considerationtothepricetheircomforthasfortheenvironmentandconsequentlyfor

themselves,“saysOrion.

Theanti-pollutionmessageofthereversegraffitiartistsconfusescityauthorities

sincethemainargumentagainstgraffitiisthatitspoilstheappearanceofbothtypes

ofproperty:publicandprivateThiswaswhatLeedsCityCouncilsaidaboutMooses

work:Leedsresidentswanttoliveincleanandattractiveneighbourhoods.Weview

thiskindofadvertisingasenvironmentaldamageandwilltakestrongactionagainstit

〃Moosewasorderedto/zcleanuphisact〃Howwashesupposedtodothis:by,

makingallpropertyhehadcleaneddirtyagain?

AsfortheBrazilianartisteswork,theauthoritieswereannoyedbutcouldfind

nothingtochargehimwithTheyhadnootheroptionbuttocleanthetunnel-but

onlythepartsAlexandrehadalreadycleaned.Theartistmerelycontinuedhis

campaignontheotherside.ThecityofficialsthendecidedtotakedrasticactionThey

notonlycleanedthewholetunnelbuteverytunnelinSaoPaulo.

46.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutreversegraffiti?

A.Itusespainttocreateanti-pollutionimages

B.Itcreatesalotoftroubleforlocalresidents

C.Itcauseslotsofdistractiontodrivers

D.Itturnsdirtywallsintoartisticworks

47.Whatdoreversegraffitiartiststrytodo?

A.Publicisetheirartisticpursuit

B.Beautifythecityenvironment

C.Raisepublicawarenessofenvironmentalpollution

D.Expresstheirdissatisfactionwithlocalgovernment

48.WhatdowelearnaboutBrazilianartistAlexandreOrion?

A.Hewasgoodatpaintingwhiteskulls

B.Hechosetunnelstodohisgraffitiart

C.Hesuggestedbanningallpollutingcars

D.Hewasfondofdoingcreativeartworks.

49.WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutLeedsCityCouncilsdecision?

A.Itissimplyabsurd.

B.Itiswell-informed

C.Itisratherunexpected.

D.Itisquitesensible

50.HowdidSaoPaulocityofficialshandleAlexandreOrionsreversegraffiti?

A.TheymadehimcleanallthetunnelsinSaoPaula

B.Theytookdrasticactiontobanallreversegraffiti

C.Theychargedhimwithpollutingtunnelsinthecity.

D.Theymadeitimpossibleforhimtopracticehisart

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

ThepracticeofpayingchildrenanallowancebecamepopularinAmericaabout

100yearsago.Nowadays,Americankidsonaveragereceiveabout$800peryearin

allowance.ButthevastmajorityofAmericanparentswhopayallowancetieittothe

completionofhousework.Althoughmanyparentsbelievethatpayinganallowance

forcompletingchoresbenefitstheirchildren,arangeofexpertsexpressedconcern

thattyingallowanceverycloselytochoresmaynotbeidealInfact,thewaychores

workinmanyhouseholdsworldwidepointstoanotherway.

SuniyaLuthai;apsychologist,isagainstpayingkidsforchores.Lutharisnot

opposedtogivingallowances,butshethinksifsimportanttoestablishthatchoresare

donenotbecausetheywillleadtopayment,butbecausetheykeepthehousehold

running,Lutharssuggestedapproachtoallowanceiscompatiblewiththatofwriter

RonLieber;whoadvisesthatallowancesbeusedasameansofshowingchildrenhow

tosave,give,andspendonthingstheycareaboutKidsshoulddochores,hewrites,

z/forthesamereasonadultsdo,becausethechoresneedtobedone,andnotwiththe

expectationofcompensation〃

Thisargumenthasitscriticsbutconsideringthewaychoresareundertaken

aroundtheworldmaychangepeoplesthinking.ProfessorDavidLaneyofUtahState

Universityhasstudiedhowfamiliesaroundtheworldhandlechores.Atabout18

monthsofage,Laneysays,mostchildrenbecomeeagertohelptheirparent^andin

manycultures,theybeginhelpingwithhouseworkatthatage.Theybeginwithvery

simpletasks,but