2025届新高考英语复习情态动词和虚拟语气

2025届新高考英语精品复习情态动词和虚拟语气1.

I

can’t

find

my

purse.

I

could

_________（leave）

it

in

the

supermarket

yesterday,

but

I’m

not

sure.have

left[解析]

句意：我找不到我的钱包了。我可能昨天把它落在超市里了，但我不确定。根据句中的时间状语yesterday和but

I’m

not

sure可知，空格处是对过去发生的事情的推测，需用“could＋have

done”。2.

Truly

elegant

chopsticks

might

_________（make）

of

gold

and

silver

with

Chinese

characters.be

made[解析]

根据语境可知，筷子是被制造的。设空处位于情态动词might后，故填be

made。3.

What

a

pity!

You

missed

the

sightseeing,

or

we

____________________（have）

a

good

time

together.would/could

have

had[解析]

句意：多么遗憾！你错过了这次游览，否则我们就可以一起度过一段愉快的时光了。根据关键词or可知，这里表示与过去的事实相反，谓语应用would

have

had或could

have

had。4.

If

we

___________（catch）

the

flight

yesterday,

we

would

be

enjoying

our

holiday

on

the

beach

now.had

caught[解析]

句意：如果昨天我们赶上了那趟航班，我们现在就正在沙滩上享受我们的假期了。If从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，用过去完成时。〔必备知识〕考点一

情态动词1.情态动词的基本用法情态动词用法例句can/could表示“能力”，意为“能，会”Samuel,

the

tallest

boy

in

our

class,

can

easily

reach

the

books

on

the

top

shelf.

Samuel是我们班最高的男孩，他能轻易地拿到书架顶层的书。表示推测，意为“可能”，往往用于否定句或疑问句中。can比could语气强That

can’t

be

Mary—she

is

in

London

now.那不可能是玛丽——她现在在伦敦。情态动词用法例句can/could表示客观可能性，意为“有时候会”，多用于肯定句Credit

cards

provide

us

with

lots

of

convenience,

but

sometimes

they

can

lead

to

problems.信用卡给我们提供了许多方便，但有时候会带来一些问题。表示礼貌地请求，意为“能，可以”。在疑问句中could可代替can,

语气更委婉Can

you

tell

us

your

recipe

for

happiness

and

a

long

life?你能告诉我们你幸福和长寿的秘诀吗？固定句式：can’t...too/enough“无论……也不过分”“越……越好”I

can’t

thank

you

too

much

for

all

your

help

to

my

son

while

we

were

away

from

home.我非常感谢你在我们不在家时对我儿子的帮助。续表情态动词用法例句may/might表示许可和请求，在疑问句中might比may的语气更委婉Might/May

I

have

a

word

with

you?

It

won’t

take

long.我可以和你说句话吗？不会耽误很长时间。表示推测，意为“可能，或许”，用于肯定句和否定句中If

you

forget

to

turn

it

off

when

you

go

away,

you

might

burn

down

the

house.当你离开时如果忘记关掉它，你可能把整个房子都烧毁了。用于固定句式：may/might

as

well＋动词原形“不妨；倒不如……”Since

it

is

raining

hard,

you

may/might

as

well

stay

here.既然雨下得这么大，你倒不如待在这儿。续表情态动词用法例句must表示义务、必要性等，意为“必须”。其否定式mustn’t

意为“禁止”—Can’t

you

stay

a

little

longer?—It’s

getting

late.

I

really

must

go

now.

My

daughter

is

home

alone.——难道你不能再多待一会儿吗?——时间不早了。现在我确实得走了。我的女儿独自一人在家。表示猜测、推测，意为“想必，一定”。常用于肯定句中You

must

be

Carol.

You

haven’t

changed

a

bit

after

all

these

years.你肯定是卡萝尔。这么多年过去了，你一点都没变。表示偏执、固执，意为“非得，偏要”If

you

must

go,

at

least

wait

until

the

storm

is

over.如果你非要走，至少要等到暴风雨停了。续表情态动词用法例句shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示Shall

I

tell

Brett

to

come

over

straight

after

school

tomorrow?要我告诉Brett明天放学后直接过来吗？用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁One

of

our

rules

is

that

every

student

shall

wear

the

school

uniform

while

at

school.我们的规定之一就是每名学生在校期间都必须穿校服。should表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”I

don’t

think

you

should

give

up

the

opportunity

to

go

to

university

which

you

have

been

dreaming

about.我认为你不应该放弃你一直以来梦想的上大学的机会。续表情态动词用法例句should表示推测、可能性或预期，意为“应该；可能”He

should

be

here

on

time—he

started

early

enough.他应该按时到这里的——他出发得足够早。表示惊奇、失望、遗憾、愤怒等情绪，意为“竟然；居然”It’s

strange

that

he

should

have

taken

the

books

without

the

owner’s

permission.

简直是太奇怪了,他竟然未得到主人的允许就把这些书拿走了。续表情态动词用法例句will/would表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去I

have

told

him

again

and

again

to

stop

smoking,

but

he

will

not

listen.我已再三告诉他戒烟，但他就是不听。表示习惯性动作，意为“总是”，will指现在，would指过去I

still

remember

my

happy

childhood

when

my

mother

would

take

me

to

Disneyland

at

weekends.我仍旧记得我快乐的童年，那时我妈妈经常在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。表示征求意见或提出请求，多用于第二人称疑问句中。would比will语气委婉Will/Would

you

please

let

me

have

a

look

at

your

new

watch?请让我看看你的新手表好吗？续表情态动词用法例句needneed表示必要性，常用于疑问句和否定句中，needn’t表示“不必”。need

作实义动词时，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，有人称、数和时态的变化，其后可接名词、代词、带to的不定式或动名词作宾语My

room

is

in

a

mess,

but

I

needn’t

clean

it

before

I

go

out

tonight.

我的房间里乱糟糟的，不过我今天晚上出门之前没必要打扫它。Since

you

have

known

it

already,

we

don’t

need

to

keep

it

a

secret.既然你已经知道了，我们就没有必要保密了。续表情态动词用法例句daredare意为“敢，敢于”，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，后接动词原形。作实义动词时，在肯定句中通常接带to的不定式，在疑问句和否定句中，dare之后的to可省略How

dare

you

leave

your

home

without

your

parents’

permission?

在没有征得你父母同意的情况下你怎么敢离开家？Most

people

hate

Harry

but

they

don’t

dare

（to）

say

so.大多数人讨厌哈里，但他们敢怒不敢言。续表2.情态动词+have

done对过去的推测must

have

done一定做过某事Paul

did

a

great

job

in

the

speech

contest.

He

must

have

practised

many

times

last

week.

保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上周一定练习了很多次。George

can’t

have

gone

too

far.

His

coffee

is

still

warm.乔治不可能走得太远。他的咖啡还是温的呢。can’t/couldn’t

have

done过去不可能做过……may/might

have

done过去可能做过……may/might

not

have

done过去可能没有做过……对过去情况的后悔、遗憾或责备could

have

done本来能够做但却未做I

thought

you

might

have

invited

her

over.我想你大概已经邀请她过来。You

should

have

studied

harder.

你本应该更努力学习的。You

needn’t

have

told

him

that.你本来用不着告诉他那个的。should

have

done本来应该做但是实际上未做shouldn’t

have

done本来不应该做而实际上做了needn’t

have

done本来没必要做却做了续表考点二

虚拟语气1.虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气主句谓语动词从句谓语动词例句虚拟现在should/would/could/might＋do过去式（be用were）If

I

were

at

school

again，

I

would

study

harder.如果我再次上学的话，我会更加努力地学习。虚拟过去should/would/could/might＋have

donehad＋doneThey

might

have

found

a

better

hotel

if

they

had

driven

a

few

more

kilometers.如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。虚拟语气主句谓语动词从句谓语动词例句虚拟将来should/would/could/might＋do过去式/were

to

do/should＋doGrace

doesn’t

want

to

move

to

New

York

because

she

thinks

if

she

were

to

live

there,

she

wouldn’t

be

able

to

see

her

parents

very

often.格雷斯不想搬到纽约，因为她认为如果住在那里，她就不能经常看到她的父母了。续表2.含蓄虚拟语气有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常用的这类词或短语有：without（要是）没有；but

for要不是；otherwise/or否则等。The

workers

were

not

better

organized,

otherwise

they

would

have

accomplished

the

task

in

half

the

time.

工人们没有被更好地组织起来,否则他们用一半的时间就能完成这项任务。3.虚拟语气在从句中的用法在表示要求、命令、建议、坚持等动词后接的宾语从句中，以及表示上述意义的名词后的表语从句中，从句中的谓语动词用“（should＋）动词原形”。常见的此类动词有：一坚持（insist）、二命令（order,

command）、三要求（require,

demand,

request）、四建议（suggest,

advise,

propose,

recommend）。She

suggested

that

Dale

（should）

join

the

debating

team,

believing

that

practice

in

speaking

could

give

him

the

confidence

and

recognition

that

he

needed.她建议戴尔加入辩论队，她认为演讲练习会给予他所需要的信心和认可。My

suggestion

was

that

necessary

measures

（should）

be

taken

to

protect

the

children

from

dangerous

situations.我的建议是采取必要措施来保护儿童使他们远离危险的境遇。易错提示（1）当suggest作“暗示，表明”讲，insist作“坚持认为”讲时，从句要用陈述语气。（2）在“It

is/was＋adj./done＋that...”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用“（should＋）动词原形”。常见的形容词或过去分词有：important、necessary、strange、suggested、required、ordered、advised、requested、demanded

等。It

is

necessary

that

we

（should）

clean

the

room

every

day.我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。It

is

required

that

middle

school

students

（should）

take

at

least

one

hour’s

exercise

every

day.中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。（3）wish后的宾语从句中，从句用一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟；从句用“would/could+动词原形”表示对将来的虚拟；从句用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。We

will

go

shopping

tomorrow.

I

wish

you

would

go

with

us.