2016年10月自考00830现代语言学试题及答案含解析

现代语言学年月真题

00830201610

1、【单选题】Indistinguishingcompetenceandperformance,Chomskylooksat

languagefroma______pointofview,andtohimcompetenceisapropertyofthe

mindofeachindividual.

sociologic

psychological

A:

historical

B:

cultural

C:

答D:案：B

2、【单选题】Ofthefollowingspeechsounds,______isrepresentedinnarrow

transcription.

[i]

[i:]

A:

[f]

B:

[l]

C:

答D:案：C

3、【单选题】lthefollowingmorphemescanbedefinitelyregardedas

derivationalmorphemesEXCEPT______.

-ium

-ing

A:

semi-

B:

-ly

C:

答D:案：B

4、【单选题】IntheX-bartheory,theheadofthephrase"quiteabovethedesk"

is______.

quite

above

A:

the

B:

desk

C:

答D:案：B

5、【单选题】Ifyousaythatthereisnodirectconnectionbetweenalinguistic

formandwhatitrefersto,youholda______viewofmeaningstudy

naming

conceptualist

A:

contextual

B:

behaviorist

C:

答D:案：B

6、【单选题】Thenotionof______consideredasconstitutedbytheknowledge

sharedbythespeakerandthehearer.

context

utterance

A:

conversationalimplicature

B:

speechact

C:

答D:案：A

7、【单选题】DuringtheRenaissancemovement,manyof______wordsbecamepart

oftheeducatedEnglishlexicon.

German

LatinandGreek

A:

Italian

B:

French

C:

答D:案：B

8、【单选题】Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialect

isits______

accent

morphemes

A:

useofwords

B:

useofstructure

C:

答D:案：A

9、【单选题】ThecaseofPhineasGageshowsusthat______.

humanlanguageabilityisnotlocatedinthebrainbecausePhineasbrainwasnot

sodamagedthathecouldstillspeak

A:

humanlanguageabilityislocatedintherighthemisphereofthebrain

B:

ifhumanlanguageabilityislocatedinthebrain,itissituatedrightat

thefront

C:

ifhumanlanguageabilityislocatedinthebrain,itisnotsituatedright

atthefront

D:

答案：D

10、【单选题】Thereareanumberoffactorspertainingtothelearnerthat

potentiallyinfluencethewayinwhichasecondlanguageisacquired.Whichof

thefollowingisNOTanindividuallearnerfactor？______

Instruction

Motivation

A:

Personality

B:

Age

C:

答D:案：A

11、【判断题】Linguisticscanbedefinedasthescientificstudyofany

particularlanguagesuchasEnglish,ChineseandLatin.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：FLinguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientilicstudyword

language.theword"languageprecededbythezeroarticleinEnglishimplies

thatlinguisticsstudiesnotanyparticularlanguage,e,g,English,

Chines,Arabic,andLatin,butlanguagesingeneral.评分标准：答错扣2分；判

断正确得1分，解释不当扣0.5-1分

12、【判断题】Chineseisatypicaltonelanguage,whichhasfourtones.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T评分标准：答对得2分；答错扣2分

13、【判断题】Semantically,themeaningofacompoundisoftenthesumtotalof

themeaningsofitscomponents.

正确

A:

错误

答B:案：B

解析：FSemanticallythemeaningofacompoundisidiomatic.notanwaysthe

sumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.评分标准：答错扣2分：判断正确得1

分，解释不当扣0.5-1分

14、【判断题】Combinationalrulesarerulesthatgroupwordsandphrasestoform

grammaticalsentences.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T评分标准：答对得2分；答错扣2分

15、【判断题】Senseandreferencearetwoimportantnotionsassociatedwith

lexicalmeaning

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T评分标准：答对得2分：答错扣2分

16、【判断题】Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhether

inthestudyofmeaningthecontextofuseshouldbetakenintoconsideration

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T评分标准：答对得2分；答错扣2分

17、【判断题】ThedivisionofEnglishlanguageintotheperiodsofoldEnglish,

MiddleEnglishandModemisnonconventionalandnotarbitrary.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：FhedivisionofEnglishLanguageintotheperiodsofOldEnglish,

MiddleEnglishandModernEnglishisconventionalandarbitrary评分标准：答错

扣2分：判断正确得1分，解释不当扣0.5-1分

18、【判断题】Languageitselfisnotsexist,butitreflectssexisminsociety

asitcanconnotesexistattitudesaswellasattitudesaboutsocialtaboosor

racism

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T评分标准：答对得2分；答错扣2分

19、【判断题】Whenwesaythatlanguageprovidesameansfortheexpressionor

communicationofthought,wemeanthatlanguageistheonlymeansofexpressing

thought.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：FWhenwesaythatlanguageprovidesameansfortheexpressionor

communicationofthoughtwedonotmeanthatlanguageistheonlymeansof

expressingthought:therearealsooccasionswhenindividualsusenonlinguistic

meansofcommunication评分标准：答错扣2分：判断正确得1分，解释不当扣0.5-1

分

20、【判断题】Likeovertteaching,imitationplaysatbestaveryminorrolein

thechild'smasteryoflanguage.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T评分标准：答对得2分；答错扣2分

21、【问答题】Whichenjoyspriorityinmodernlinguistics,speechorwriting？

Why？

答案：I）Modernlinguisticsgivesprioritytothespokenformoflanguage,

whichisconsideredasmorebasictianthewrittenformforamannerofreasons

2）First,inanyhuman:societyweknowof.speechprecedeswriting.

Thewritingsysternanylanguageisalwaysalaterinvention,usedtorecord

thespeech3）Whilequiteanumberoflanguagesintheworldtodayhaveboth

spokenandwriter:formsherearestillmanylanguagesthathaveonlythe

spokenform4）Andthenintermsoffunction.thespokenlanguageisusedfor

awiderrangeofpurposesthanthewritten,andcarriesaIargerloadof

communicationthanthewritten评分标准：1）和3）名占2分，2）和4）各占3分；

解释不当，酌情扣分

22、【问答题】Whatarethefourmaximsunderthecooperativeprinciple？And

illustratewithoneexamplehowtheviolationofthemaximofqualitygivesrise

toconversationalimplicature.

答案：Thefourmaximsunderthecooperativeprinciplearemaximofquality,

maximofquantity,maximofrelation,andmaximofmanner.Whenweviolate

anyofthesemaxims,orlanguagebecomesindirect.andconversational

implicaturewillarise,Forexample,A:Wouldyouliketocometoourparty

tonight?B:I’mafraidI'mnotfeelingsowelltodayThisissaidwhenit

isknowntobothAandBthatBisnothavinganyhealthproblemthatwill

preventhimfromgoingtoaparty,ThisBissayingsomethingthathehimself

knowstobefalseandisfloutingthemaximofquality.Theimplicature

producedis"Idonotwanttoyourpartytonight）评分标准：答对4个准则得4

分，正确举例和解释得6分；解释不当，酌情扣分

23、【填空题】Ad______studyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy,whichstudies

thedevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.

答案：diachronic

24、【填空题】Todescribethephysicalpropertiesofspeechsounds,a______

phoneticiansusespectrographstorecordthesoundwaves.

答案：acoustic

25、【填空题】Accordingtotheirpositioninthenewwords,a______divided

intotwokinds:prefixesandsuffixes.

答案：affixes

26、【填空题】Universallyfoundinthegrammarsofallhumanlanguages,

syntacticrulescomprisethesystemofinternalizedlinguisticknowledgeofa

languagespeakerknownaslinguisticc______

答案：competence

27、【填空题】Accordingtotheb______viewofmeaningstudy,themeaningofa

linguisticformisthesituationinwhichthespeakeruttersitandtheresponse

itcallsforthinthebearer.

答案：behaviorist

28、【填空题】AccordingtoAustin'snewmodelofspeechacttheory,aspeaker

mightbeperformingthreeactssimultarcouslywhenspeaking:locutionaryact,I

______actandperlocutionaryact.

答案：illocutionary

29、【填空题】Sounda______referstothephysiologicaleffectofonesoundon

another.

答案：assimilation

30、【填空题】Languagevarietiesotherthanthestandardarecallednonstandard

orv______languages.

答案：vernacular

31、【填空题】Thec______periodhypothesisreferstoaperiodinone'slife

experienceextendingfromaboutagetwotopuberty,duringwhichthehumanbrain

ismostreadytoacquireaparticularlanguageandlanguagelearningcan

proceedeasily,swiftly,andwithoutexplicitinstruction.

答案：critical

32、【填空题】Althoughtheylackgrammaticalmorphemes,t______sentencesin

themultiwordstagearenotsimplywordsthatarerandomlystrungtogether,but

followtheprinciplesofsentenceformation.

答案：telegraphic

33、【名词解释】arbitrariness

答案：ArbitrarinessisoneofthetwelvedesignfeaturesproposedbyCharles

Hockeu,whichmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsand

sounds.Agoodexampleisthefactthatdifferentsoundsareusedtoreferto

thesameobjectindifferentlanguages.评分标准：答对得3分；解释不当，酌情扣

分。

34、【名词解释】suprasegmentalfeatures

答案：Suprasegmentalfeaturesarethephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethe

levelofthesegments.Whichmainlyincludestress,toneandintonation.评分

标准:答对得3分;解释不当,酌情扣分

35、【名词解释】morphology

答案：Morphologyisabranch.ofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternaldsandthe

rulesbywhichwordsareformed.评分标准:对得3分;解释不当,酌情扣分

36、【名词解释】finiteclause

答案：Afiniteclauseisaclausethattakesasubjectandafiniteverband

atthesametimestandsstructurallyalone.Forexample,Johnfast.评分标准:

答对得3分;解释不当,酌情扣分

37、【名词解释】stylisticsynonyms

答案：Stylisticsynonymsarewordsthathavethesamemeaningbutdifferin

styleordegreeofformality,forexample,fatherisneutralwhiledadis

casual.评分标准：答对得3分;解释不当,酌情扣分。

38、【名词解释】constatives

答案：Constativesarestatementsthateitherstateordescribe,andare

thereforeverifiableintermsoftruthvalues.Forexample,(1state)thecatch

isaglobe.评分标准:答对得3分;解释不当,酌情扣分

39、【名词解释】cognate

答案：Acognateisawordinonelanguagewhichissimilarinformandmeaning

toawordinanother