新编英语教程5单词-句子翻译-paraphrase完整答案

Unit1Part1moreorless:imprecisebutfairlyclosetocorrect;almostbutnotexact.scrupulous:careful;exact;strict.afield:farawayfromhomeorone’susualsurroundings.rife:widespread;common;excessivelyabundant.malapropism:theunintentionalmisuseofawordbyconfusionwithonethatsoundssimilar.coercion:theactofcompellingbyforceofauthority;usingforcetocausesomethingepitomize:embodytheessentialcharacteristicsoforbeatypicalexampleofdisprove:provetobefalseexpire:terminate;conclude;cometoanendindigent:poorenoughtoneedhelpfromothersPart2“HowcanIknowwhatIthinktillIseewhatIsay?”(1.16)“OnlywhenIhavefoundtherightwordscanIdescribewhatisinmymind/whatmyideasexactlyare.”Theexactuseoflanguagegivesusmasteryoverthematerialwearedealingwith.(1.19)Thecorrectuseoflanguageallowsustoacquireathoroughunderstandingofwhatwearecurrentlydoing.Butwordsthatareverysimilarinmeaninghavefineshadesofdifferences,andastudentneedstobealivetothesedifferences.(1.54)Butslightdifferencescanstillbefoundinwordsthatareverycloseinmeaning,andastudentshouldlearntobequickindetectingsuchdifferences.Agoodcarpenterisnotdistinguishedbythenumberofhistools,butbythecraftsmanshipwithwhichheusesthem.(1.90)Thenumberoftoolsalonedoesnotmakeagoodcarpenter;anditistheskillshehasacquiredthatcan.Part3:Translation在举出许多事实并列出一些统计数字后，他终于把他的论点说清楚了。〔drivesth.home〕Aftercitingmanyfactsandgivinganumberofstatisticalfigures,hefinallydrovehomehispoint.差不多花了半年功夫，我们才完成了那个研究工程。〔moreorless〕Ittookushalfayearmoreorlesstocarrythroughtheresearchproject.他说的话如此微妙，我们很难理解他的真实意图。〔subtle〕Whathesaidwassosubtlethatwecouldhardlymakeouthistrueintention.他的新书一针见血地审视了当代的社会问题。〔squarely〕Hisnewbooklookssquarelyatthecontemporarysocialproblems.今日的年轻一代对互联网的最新知识很关注。〔bealiveto〕TheyoungergenerationtodayisverymuchalivetothelatestinformationfoundontheInternet.外语是不是在童年更容易学好？这是一个观点问题〔amatterof〕Itisamatterofopinionwhetheraforeignlanguageismoreeasilylearnedinone’schildhoodorotherwise.在挫折面前千万不要丧失信心；鼓起勇气坚决不移地去克服它。〔takecourage〕Neverloseheartinthefaceofasetback;takecourageanddealwithitsquarely.适量的米饭、肉类、蔬菜、水果构成均衡的饮食。〔constitute〕Adequateamountsofrice,meat,vagetables,andfruitconstituteabalanceddiet.Unit2Part1economy:reductionincost;carefulmanagementofmoney,etc.toavoidwastemotive:reason(foranaction);somethingthatmakesapersonchoosetoactinaparticularway.manoeuvre:moveskilfully;driveacarparadox:astatementthatseemsimpossiblebecauseitcontainstwoopposingideasthatarebothtrue,like“morehaste,lessspeed”and“Themoreyoulearn,thelessyouknow”entail:haveasalogicalconsequence;involve,orimplyasanecessarypartorresultinsularityandself-containmentinsularity:thestateofbeingisolatedordetached;(here)narrow-mindednessself-containment:onewhodoesnotseemtoneedotherpeopleorshowtheirfeelings;self-absorbedness;selfishness;self-contentednesspreponderance:asuperiorityinnumberoramountwary:watchful,cautious,oralertalienate:causetobecomeunfriendlyorhostile;estrangePart2Economyisonepowerfulmotiveforcamping,sinceaftertheinitialoutlayuponequipment,orthroughhiringit,thetotalexpensecanbefarlessthanthecostofhotel(1.1)Tospendlessmoneyisamajorreasonwhypeoplechoosetogocamping,becauseoncethe(camping)equipmentispurchasedorrented,thetotalcostcanbemuchlesscomparedwiththatspentonstayinginahotel.Granted,asnobberyofcampingitself,baseduponequipmentandtechniques,alreadyexist;butitisofakindthat,ifhemeetsit,hecanreadilyunderstandanddealwith(1.15)Itistruethatpeople,whoarebetterequippedandmoreskilledatcamping,mightfeelsuperiortothosewhoarenot.However,snobberydemonstratedinsuchcircumstancesisacceptedmoreeasilyandwillnotbetakenseriously.TheopiniondoesnotsurviveexperienceofapopularContinentalcampingplace.(1.29)WhenyougoandseeapopularContinentalcampingplaceforyourself,youwillfindthisargumentisnottrue.Granted,apreponderanceofGermanisacharacteristicthatseemscommontomostMediterraneansites;butasyetthereisnooverwhelminglyspecializedpatronage(1.32)ItistypicalofmostMediterraneancampingsitesthatGermansfromthemajorityofthetravelersthere,butsofarnoneofthesesiteshavebeenvisitedbytravelersofoneexclusivenationality.Part3Translation我觉得曾见过他，但一时想不起他的名字〔escape〕IthoughtIhadmethimbefore,buthisnamejustescapedmeatthemoment.阔别多年，他已经不再是我记忆中的那个纯真少年，而变成一个老于世故的生意人。〔sophisticated〕Afteryearsofseparation,hewasnolongertheinnocentladthatIhadremembered;ratherhehadturnedintoasophisticatedbusinessman.“占领华尔街”运动的起因之一是美国国内日益扩大的贫富差距〔affluent〕Oneofthemotivesofthe“OccupyWallStreet”campaignwastheever-wideninggapbetweentheaffluentandtheimpoverishedintheU.S.由于这个灯塔附近有一个海军基地，外国游客不得登塔。〔deny〕

Foreignvisitorsaredeniedaccesstothelight-houseasthereisanavalbasenearby.5.吸毒几乎毫无例外地和盗窃、卖淫联系在一起。〔gohandinhand〕Almostwithoutexception,drugaddictiongoeshandinhandwithrobberyandprostitution.6.这个高尔夫俱乐部不对外开放，只为VIP会员效劳。〔exclusively〕Thisgolfclubisnotopentothepublic;itservesexclusivelyVIPclubmembers.7.为讨得皇帝欢心，这几个皇妃无所不为。〔vie〕Invyingfortheking’saffectionandfavour,theimperialconcubinesresortedtoeverymeanspossible.8.他小时候被狗咬过，所以对狗一直有点戒心。〔waryof〕Hewasbittenbyadogwhenachild,sohehasbeenwaryofdogseversince.Unit3Part1knack:anature/specialskill,talentorability;trickorruseawry:turnedortwistedtowardoneside;askew;awayfromtheexpectedorproperdirection;wrongstaggering:shocking;surprising;amazing;astoundingvestige:thesmallestpossibleamount/trace/remainsprodigy:anunusuallygiftedorintelligent(young)personrecalcitrant:unruly;difficulttomanage,handle,controloroperateahouseofcards:aweakandfragilestructure,plan,ororganization;abubbleineffable:incapableofbeingexpressedinwords;indescribable;unspeakablePart2Inschool,thoughhisteacherssawnospecialtalentinhim,thesignswerealreadythere.(1.23)Inschool,histeachersdidnotfindhimanymoredistinguishedinintelligencethanallhisclassmates,buthisgeniuswasactuallybeginningtoexhibititself.Thuswegottoknowmerelythemanandthefriend,butalsotheprofessional.(1.43)Andso,wecametoknowhimasafriendand,more,asamanofspecialexpertise/knowledgeandgeniusinthescience.Theintensityanddepthofhisconcentrationwerefantastic.Whenbattlingarecalcitrantproblem,heworrieditasananimalworriesitsprey.(1.45)Hehadapenetratingpowertodirectallhisthoughtstowardoneparticularsubject.Whenhewastacklingadifficultproblem,hisunquenchablethirstforasolutionwasasstrongastheeagerdesireofahungrywolfforfood.Adreamy,farawayandyetinwardlookwouldcomeoverhisface.Therewasnoappearanceofconcentration,nofurrowingofthebrow-onlyaplacidinnercommunion.(1.50)There,onhisface,revealedfromhisinnerheartanexpressionthatwassointangibleandsoimperceptible.Hedidnotlooklikebeinglostinthought,withhisbrowsknitted,andhewasjustmeditatingcalmlywithinhimself.Part3:Translation1.他按了下汽车喇叭以引起路上行人的警觉〔alert〕Hehonkedhiscarhorntoalertthepedestrians.2.信息工程的迅速开展是人类努力做出尝试的一个突出事例。〔endeavour〕Thefastdevelopmentofinformationtechnologyisanoutstandingexampleofhumanendeavour.3.Mary试图找到恰当的语言来表达她对老师的感谢。〔grope〕Marygropedfortheappropriatewordstoexpressherindebtednesstoherteacher.4.学校校长以平易的话语向年轻人传递了富有挑战性的信息。〔convey〕Theschoolprincipal’splainwordsconveyedamessageofchallengetotheyoungpeople.5.不要胡乱摆弄电线，要不然会引起电线短路。〔temperwith〕Don’ttemperwiththewires,oryoumaycauseashortcircuit.6.他自以为在竞争中可以战胜任何对手，但是过分的自信使他失败了。〔failvt.〕Hethoughthecouldbeateveryoneatthecompetition,buthisexcessiveself-confidencefailedhim.7.他说的话似乎简单明了，但是其中暗含的意思我们没能理解。〔fathom〕Whathesaidseemedsimpleandclear,butthemeaningimpliedwecouldhardlyfathom.8.他试图把小组漫无目的的谈话引导到一些有建设性的话题上去。〔steer〕Hetriedtosteerthegroup’srandomtalktowardssomeconstructivesubjects.Unit4Part11.adventure:anunusualorexcitingexperience:anadventureindining2.curiosity:aneagerdesiretoknoworlearn;inquisitiveness3.rudiments:thefirstsimplefactsorrulesofanything:tolearntherudimentsofcookery4.fanatic:apersonwhoseenthusiasmorzealforsomethingisextremeorbeyondnormallimits5.underline:emphasizeorcausetostandout;underscore6.balk:stoporturnawayabruptlyorunexpectedly;avoiddeliberately7.essentialtruth:absolutetruth8.relish:(n)pleasure;enjoyment;anappetiteforsomething;astrongappreciationorliking:arelishforluxury(v)takepleasurein;like;enjoy.Part2WhenIcameuptoBerkeleyfortheentranceexaminationsattheUniversityofCaliforniaIfailedinGreek,Latin,andenoughothersubjectstobeputoffforayear(1.1)IwenttoBerkeleytotakemyentranceexaminationsattheUniversityofCalifornia,inwhichIwasnotabletopassGreekandLatinexams.Thisconstitutedreasonenoughforthecollegetorefusetoenrollme,andIhadtowaitforanotheryearbeforetakinganotherchance.2.Theyaretheboys(andtheybecomethemen)thattheschools,colleges,andtheworldaremadefor(1.7)Theyarethekindofkids(andtheyarenowgrown-upstudents)theschools,collegesandtheworldwouldbegladtoaccept,allpreparedtobetaughtastheyaretoldto.3.Noonetriedtointerestmeinthem;theywereputbeforemeasthingsthatIhadtohavetogetintocollege.Nobodyattemptedtomakemeinterestedinthesubjectandtopicsunderdiscussion,whichwereexactlywhatIneededtolearnatcollege.4.“Goto,boy.theworldisyours.Nothingisdone,nothingisknown.Thegreatestpoemisn’twritten,thebestrailroadisn’tbuildyet,theperfectstatehasn’tbeenthoughtof.Everythingremainstobedone-right,everything.”(1.75)“Comeon,boy.Theworldbelongstoyou.It’sjustlikeablanksheetofpaperwitheverythingwaitingtobeexploredanddiscovered.Themostbeautifulpictureisyettobepaintedandthemostmelodioussongtobecomposed.Thereissomuchremainingtobeaccomplished.Theworldneedstobeperfected.”Part3Translation您能理解他那夸夸其谈的长篇大论的意义吗？(makeout)Canyoumakeoutthemeaningofhislong-windedharangue?他正在为考试结果担忧，因此根本没用心听访问教授的讲课。〔notintheleast〕Beingworriedabouthisexamresults,hewasnotintheleastattentivetothevisitingprofessor’slecture.是儿童还是成人能更容易地在短期内学会一门外语的根底知识？这是一个有争议的问题。〔rudiments〕Isiteasiertoforachildoragrown-uptoacquiretherudimentsofaforeignlanguageinashortperiodoftime?Thisisacontroversialquestion.他所说的关于短训班的事对你有吸引力吗？〔appealto〕Didwhathesaidabouttheshort-termtrainingcourseappealtoyou?史蒂夫。乔布斯的传纪鼓舞着他在研究工作中作出更多有创意的努力。〔inspire〕ThebiographyofSteveJobsinspiredhimtogreatercreativeeffortsindoingresearch.对西部贫困地区没有时机接受正常教育的孩子我们应该不闻不问吗？〔indifferent〕Shouldwebeindifferenttothechildrenwhoaredeniedtheopportunityofanormaleducationintheimpoverishedregionsinthewest?7.校委会最近作出的决定对我们的课程设置没有什么影响。〔bearon〕Thedecisionmaderecentlybytheschoolboardhadlittletobearonourcurriculum.8.这条船造得很牢固，经得起任何风暴的袭击〔withstand〕Theshipwassostronglybuiltthatitcanwithstandanystorm.Unit5Part11.attributedto:consideredorbelievedtobedoneorcausedby2.savant:alearnedman/scholar;someonewhoknowsalotaboutasubject;someonewhohasmentalproblemsandmayhavelowerintelligencethanaverage,butcandoonethingverywell,suchasaddingnumbersveryquickly.3.corollary:somethingthatisthedirectresultofsomethingelse;apracticalconsequencethatfollowsnaturally.4.shoddy:cheapandinferior(inquality);madeordonecheaplyandbadly.5.forestall:preventfromhappeningorarising;makeimpossible;actinadvanceof;dealwithaheadoftime6.dothetrick:performthefunction;make/beeffective7.seaworthiness:fitnessforaseavoyage;fitnesstotraversetheseas8.evoke:produceorcallforth(emotions,feelings,andresponses)9.fashion:makesomethingfromsomething,usinghandsoronlyafewtools10.alienationfromthecompanyanditsproducts:afeelingofnotbelongingtothecompanyandnotbeinginvolvedintheproductionofgoodsPart21.Muchofhumanexistenceconsistofeffortsaimedatmakingsurethatthingsdon’tgowrong,fallapart,breakdown,orstoprunninguntiladecentintervalhaselapsedaftertheirmanufacture.(1.5)Wehave,formostofourlifetime,beenstrivinghardtopreventourthingsfrommalfunctioningorgettingbrokendownatleasttillafterarelativelylongerperiodoftheirapplication.2.ButgadgetsandsamplingalonewillneverdothetricksincetheseitemsarealsosubjecttoMurphy’sLaw.(1.10)ToavoidtheeffectofMurphy’sLaw,onecannotdependonspecialquality-controlinstrumentsandscientificsamplingproceduresonly,becausetheyarealsogovernedbythesamelaw.3.Inunskilledoruncaringhandsahandmadebasketorboatcanfallapartasquicklyasbasketsorboatsmadebymachines.(1.24)Machine-madeandhandmadebasketorboatsalikemaysoonbebrokenwhenputtoapplicationbyaninattentiveandrecklessuser.4.Thelagerthecompanyandthemorecomplexitsdivisionoflabor,thegreaterthesumofuncaringrelationshipsandhencethegreatertheeffectofMurphy’sLaw.(1.51)Inlargecompanieswithamorerefinedwork-sharingsystem,relationsbetweenpeopletendtobelesssocaredfor,andMurphy’sLaw,therefore,islikelytobemoreapplicable.Part3Translation1.无法回避的严酷现实浇灭了他们对美好未来的浪漫憧憬。〔dispel〕Theharshrealitytheycouldnotevadedispelledalltheirromantichopesforarosyfuture.2.由于不可预料的天气，我们的运动会将延期到下周举行。〔postpone〕Oursportsmeetwillbepostponedtonextweekbecauseoftheunpredictableweather.3.但凡来参观展览会的人，不管是谁都必须出示他.她的身份证。〔nomatter〕Everyvisitortothisexhibitionmustshowhis/heridentitycardnomatterwhohe/sheis.4.旧城中心的改造方案要得到市政府的批准。〔besubjectto〕Therenovationplanfortheoldcitycentreissubjecttotheapprovalofthemunicipalgovernment.5.一次又一次的挫折和失败并没有使他的希望破灭。〔wither〕Theexperienceofrepeatedsetbacksandfailuresdidnotwitherawayhishopes.6.电子邮件传递信息又快又便利，已经在相当大的程度上替代了传统的邮递。〔replace〕E-mailissoquickandconvenientinsendingmessagethatithasalreadyreplacedtraditionalmailservicetoalargeextent.7.看到长城使他产生一种惊讶的感觉。〔evoke〕ThesightoftheGreatWallevokedasenseofwonderinhim.8.质量控制工具的保养是会很昂贵的。〔maintenance〕Themaintenanceofquality-controlinstrumentscanbeverycostly.Unit6Part11.aggressive:makinganall-outefforttowinorsucceed;competitive(anaggressivebasketballplayer);vigorouslyenergetic,esp.intheuseofinitiativeandforcefulness(anaggressivesalesperson)2.solid:sound/proved/reliable/dependable(solidfacts/evidence/citizen)3.scrutinize:lookatcriticallyorsearchingly,orinminutedetail4.ingredient:anelementinamixtureorcompound5.deplete:useup(supplies,money,energy,etc);reduceorexhaust;emptyentirelyorpartially6.roundup:acollectionorsummaryofnewsitems,suchasaweatherroundup,newsroundup,etc.(Tuneinatelevenforaroundupoftheday’snews);theactofgatheringtogetherlivestock,esp.cattle,sothattheymaybebranded,counted,orsold7.envision:imaginesomethingthatyouthinkmighthappeninthefuture,esp.somethingthatwillbegood8.caricature:arepresentationofapersoninliteratureorartmadesothatpartsofhisbodyappearmorenoticeable,odd,oramusing9.transmit:sendorconveyfromonepersonorplacetoanother;conveybyorasifbyinheritanceorheredityPart21.Thenewsmediaseemtooperateonthephilosophythatallnewsisbadnews.(1.15)Thebeliefthatallnewsisbadnewsseemstobetheworkingprinciple/conceptuponwhichday-to-daymediaactivitiesarecarriedout.2.Civilizationisalotmorethanthesuntotalofitscatastrophes.(1.24)Eventsaboutintellectual,cultural,andmoralrefinement/advancement/progressinourculture/civilizationtodayprevailovernegativeevents.3.Iamnotsuggestingthat“positive”newsbecontrivedasanantidotetothedisastersonpageone.(1.35)Iamnotsayingthatarrangementsshouldbemade,asaremedy,tohavethefrontpagedevotedexclusivelytothereportageof“positive”news.4.Theworldisasplendidcombinationofheavenandhell,andbothsectorscallforattentionandscrutiny.(1.39)Therearegoodhappeningsandbadhappeningsperceivedinthisworldoftoday,whichshouldbegivenequalimportancetoinbothourobservationandstudy.Part3Translation1.如果对这台器械有不清楚的地方，你可以写信到我们总公司去询问。〔address〕Ifthereisanythingyouarenotclearaboutthedevice,addressyourinquirytoourheadoffice.2.在执行方案之前，我们最好把它的每一个方面考虑仔细，看看是否切实可行。〔scrutinize〕Beforeweputthenewplanintopractice,wehadbetterscrutinizeeveryaspectofittomakesurethatitispracticable.3.新的规章执行后，我们预期这地区的治安情况会有好转。〔achangeforthebetter〕Weexpectthattherewillbeachangeforthebetterinthesecuritysituationofthisareaafterthenewregulationsareimplemented.4.不要把他的话当真。他不过是开个玩笑而已。〔literally〕Don’ttakehiswordsliterally.He’sjustcrackingajoke.5.在农业中应用固炎作用〔nitrogenfixation〕的前景良好。〔prospect〕Theprospectofemployingnitrogenfixationinagricultureispromising.6.他想创造一种不留痕迹的涂改液，但却以失败而告终。〔contrive〕Hisattemptatcontrivingacorrectingfluidwhichleavesnomarksonpaperendedinfailure.7.那个外国人不会说汉语，他用手势表达他的要求，但是无法把意思表达出来。〔getsth.across〕TheforeignerwhodidnotspeakChinesegesturedtomakearequest,buthejustcouldn’tgethisideaacross.8.他不考虑这件事有多么紧迫而断然拒绝，不留一丝余地。〔onceandforall〕Withoutconsideringtheurgencyofthematter,hegaveusaflatrefusal,onceandforall.Unit7Part1:dramatic(line29):sudden,surprisingandnotice.e.g.dramaticdevelopment/rise/changeclutch(to/onto/at)(line31):holdsomethingtightlylestitshouldgetloste.g.1)Terrifiedbythenoise,thesmallchildclutched(onto)hermother’shand.2)Feelinghimselfdrowning,themanclutchedatastraw.transience(line33):short-time/briefcontinuityasin“thetransienceoffame”e.g.1)Kate,afamousEnglishpoet,expressesthenotionofthepermanenceofartandtransienceofhumanlifeinhismasterpiece“OdeonGrecianUrn”2)Somepeoplebelievethateachbirthdayisanothersteptowardtheend,andwhatwecelebrateatbirthdaygatheringisnotonlyourgrowth,butourtransience.4.embed〔in/withusu.pass.〕(line43):fixfirmlyanddeeplyin(amassofsurroundingmatter);causetobeanintegralpartofasurroundingwhole.e.g.1)agoldcrownembeddedwithjewels.2)Thatterribledaywillbeforeverembeddedinmymemory.5.boutique(line64):asmallshopthatsellsfashionableclothes,shoes,jewellery,etc.6.sumptuous(line66):veryimpressiveandexpensive;luxuriousandshowingwealthe.g.1)asumptuousfeast/palace.2)Thegueststurnedupinsumptuouseveninggowns.7.devil-may-care(line75):easygoing/carefree;careless/reckless/unconcernede.g.1)Hedrivethatsportscarofhisinadevil-may-caremanner.2)Seeinghisson’s“devil-may-care”sortofattitudetowardstheproblem,hesuddenlysankintohisarmchair.8.mentality(lin80):thestateorqualityofmentalorintellectualability;awayofthinking;ahabitualorcharacteristicmentalattitude(thatdetermineshowoneinterpretsandrespondstosituations.)e.g.1)Hisweirdmentality/get-rich-quickmentality.2)Ican’tunderstandthementalityofanyonewhowoulddoaterriblethinglikethat.9.supplant(line84):taketheplaceormoveintothepositionofapersonorthing,oftenbytricksordeceit.e.g.1)SmithsupplantedMillerasCEOafterMillerleft.2)Thecomputerhassupplantedthesliderule.Part2:1.LittlegirlsadoreBarbiebecausesheishighlyrealisticandeminentlydress-update.(l.3)ThereasonwhyBarbieappealssomuchtolittlegirlsisthatshelooksextremelylikearealpersoninreallife,whocanbedressedupinawaytheywishto.2.Theoceanofman-madephysicalobjectsthatsurroundsusissetwithinalargeroceanofnaturalobjects.Butincreasingly,itisthetechnologicallyproducedenvironmentthatmattersfortheindividual.(l.15)Materialobjectsthatarenotmadebymanoutnumbermaterialobjectsthataremadebyman.Butmanmadeproductshavemoreandmoreformedanimportantanindispensableparttothelivesofpeople.3.Theirnumberisexpendingwithexplosiveforce,bothabsolutelyandrelativetothenaturalenvironment.(l.20)Therehasbeentremendousincreaseinmachine-produceditemsintermsoftheiractualamountaswellastheirphysicalsizeinproportiontoournaturalenvironment.4.NothingcouldbemoredramaticthanthedifferencebetweenthenewbreedoflittlegirlswhocheerfullyturnintheirBarbiesforthenewimprovedmodelandthosewho,liketheirmothersandgrandmothersbeforethem,clutchlingeringlyandlovinglytothesamedolluntilitdisintegratesfromsheerage.(l.28)Thisdifferencegiverisetoamostinterestingsceneofcontrastwheremodernthrow-away-orientedgirlsaredelightedinhavingtheirout-of-dateBarbiesreplacedforup-to-datemodels,whereastheirold-fashionedcounterparts,liketheirmothersandgrandmothers,hatetopartwiththeirdearlittledollsuntiltheyaretimewornandbroke/untiltheyfallapart.5.Theideaofusingaproduceonceorforabriefperiodandthenreplacingit,runscountertothegrainofsocietiesorindividualssteepedinaheritageofpoverty.(l.44)Thepracticewherebypeopleuseaproduceandquicklydiscarditmayreadilyberejectedbythosewhoareaccustomedfromscarcitytoholdingontotheiroldpossessions.Part3:Translation1.他怪异的行为有悖于一般的良好行为标准〔runcounterto〕Hisparticularbehaviourruncountertothepopularconceptofgoodconduct.2.可以肯定的是，历史上鲜有人能同时在科学和数学领域的成就比牛顿更突出。〔impact〕WhatiscertainisthatfewpeopleinhistoryhavecreatedagreaterimpactthanNewtononthedevelopmentofbothscienceandmathematics.3.你不该嘲笑孩子的失败，应该鼓励他们再去尝试。〔deride〕Youarenotsupporttoderidechildrenfortheirfailures;youshouldencouragethemtotryagain,instead.4.在Judy毕业典礼的那天，她的叔叔婶婶以丰富的晚餐来款带她。〔sumptuous〕Onhergraduationday,Judywastreatedtoasumptuousdinnerbyheruncleandaunt.5.对于他在公司的过往表现，没有人有什么不满。〔withrespectto〕Withrespecttohispastrecordinthefilm,noonehasanythingtocomplainabout.6.他们的自由与我们的自由息息相关，我们不能单独行动。〔inextricably〕Theirfreedomisinextricablyboundtoours.Wecannotactalone.7.我年迈的叔祖母不习惯使用市场上盛行的一次性物品。〔disposable〕Myagedgreatauntisnotusedtothedisposablegoodswhichfloodthemarkettoday.8.他在考试中作弊被抓住后，名字马上被从应考者名单上删去。〔eliminate〕Hisnamewasimmediatelyeliminatedfromthelistofcandidatesafterhewascaughtcheatingintheexam.Unit8Part1:spam(line1):aninvoluntarymuscularcontraction:muscle/muscular/facial/back/shoulder/throat,etc.Spam;asuddenviolent/strong/feelingorreactionforabriefperiodoftime2.futile(line3):meaningless/pointless/useless/ineffective:be/prove/seemfutile;consider/describesth.asfutile;absolutely/completely/quite/utterly/apparently/seeminglyfutile3.insinuate(line3):introduce/suggest〔sth.〕graduallyandindirectly(into)4.undue(line6):morethanisreasonable/suitable/necessary;alittleexcessive:(under)undueinfluence/pressure/stress/strain/delay,etc.5.policy(line7):aparticularprinciple/strategy/approachofactionthatoneadoptstoguideone’sdecisionorbehavior6.improvise(line9):makeordowithoutpreparation/practice/sufficientmaterial,etc.;invent/provide/accomplishoffhand7.Commandn.(line9):order8.gratify(line27):satisfy/grant:gratifyadesire/wish/whim,etc.9.caprice(line24):suddenwishtohaveordosomething;whim/fancy10.harmony(line34):pleasantcombination/astateofagreement:achieve/maintain/preserve/foster/promote,etc.harmony;absolute/complete/perfect/reasonable/relative,etc.harmony;harmonyin/betweenwith,etc.11.banish(line38):trytostopthinkingaboutsb.orsth.;driveout;getridof:banishthememory/thought/image,etc.(ofsb./sth.)Part2:1.Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay:“Iwilltakeaninterestinthisorthat.”Oneshouldnotwaittillhehasgrownfairlyoldandsay,“I’mgoingtotakethisorthatasmyhobby.”2.Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.Itismoreadvisablethatyoufurthercultivateahobbyyoualreadyformedinsteadofattemptingtopursueanewhobby.3.Forthemdisciplineinoneformoranotheristhemosthopefulpath.Takingupahobbyisthemosteffectivewaytosolvetheirproblem.4.Thelonghoursintheofficeorthefactorybringwiththemastheirreward,notonlythemeasofsustenance,butthekeenappetiteforpleasureeveninitssimplestandmostmodestforms.Peoplearepaidasarewardfortheirlonghours’workinofficeorfactory,benefiting,inthemeantime,byastrongwishforpleasurethatahobby,evenapettyhobby,myoffer.5.Indeed,itmaywellbethatthoseworkistheirpleasurearethosewhomostneedthemeansofbanishingitatintervalsfromtheirminds.Inactualfact,thosewhoregardworkastheonlysourceoftheirpleasureareinmoreurgentneedofaperiodicadjustmentfromthestrainofmind.Part3.:Translation他企图影射 John是肇事者，结果是徒劳的。〔insinuate,futile〕HisattemptatinsinuatingthatJohnwastheculpritturnedouttobefutile.每当未能完成期望他做的事时，他都善于临时编个借口来为自己开脱。〔improvise〕Heisverycleveratimprovisingexcuseseachtimehefailstodowhatisexpectedofhim.他的西藏之行可以让他想参观布达拉宫的愿望如愿以偿了。〔gratify〕HistriptoTibetmaywellgratifyhisdesiretoseethePotala.这家公司人力资源雄厚，足以应对其他大公司的挑战。〔command〕Thiscorporationcommandsdistinguishedhumanresource,richenoughtomeetchallengesfromotherbigcorporations.我认为这恐怕不是我们双方都能接受的变通方法。我们难道想不出一个更好的方案来处理这个问题？〔alternative〕Idon’tthinkthatcouldbeanacceptablealternativeforbothofus.Can’twecomeupwithabetteroneforthisproblem.总爱胡思乱想和动不动就心血来潮都是有害的。〔caprice〕Itisharmfultoindulgeinwhimsandcaprices.对不属于你的东西不要有非分之想。〔layone’shandson;beentitledto〕Trynottolayyourhandsonanythingthatyouarenotentitledto.他没来参加竞赛。很可能把这件事全给忘了。〔itmaywellbethat〕Hedidnotcometothecompetition.Itmaywellbethatheforgottenallaboutit.Unit9Part1:ambivalent(line2):unsure;havingmixed,uncertain,orconflictingfeelingsaboutsomethingleadership(line4):agroupofpeoplewholead;leaderstiming(line4)