高中英语高考一轮话题复习7自然与环境3（教师版）

高中英语高考一轮话题复习7：自然与环境3【问题查找】单词拼写1.Hetoldoneortwoamusing(逸事)abouthisyearsasapoliceman.2.paniespublish(每年的)reportstoinformthepublicaboutthepreviousyear’sactivities.3.Theneedforgood(配合)isnowbeingrecognizedasessential.4.Thereareseveraltypesof(鲨鱼),someofwhichcanattackpeopleswimming.5.The(关系)betweenthepoliceandthelocalmunityhasimproved.6.Hebithis(嘴唇)nervously,tryingnottocry.7.Don’tbreakintotheircarea.8.We’regoodfriends,butwehaveoviewswhenitestopolitics.9.Hotelaisincludedinthepriceofyourholiday.10.It’shopedthatthetwillenablescientiststoseedeeperintotheuniversethaneverbefore.Keys：1.anecdotes 2.annual 3.teamwork 4.sharks 5.relationship 6.lips 7.conservation 8.opposite 9.acmodation 10.telescope【要点精讲】学习目标：能自主快速阅读理解大意，能依据上下文语境猜测词义，能正确拼读词汇（单词、短语），掌握词汇意义与用法。（1）能正确识记、领会以下词汇,正确率达100%：witness,reflect,aware,annual等（2）能正确识记、领会以下短语,正确率达100%：upsidedown,help...out等（3）能正确运用以下句型结合词汇和语法进行句子翻译和写作,正确率达80%：解决学习问题：目标对应的活动（目标的问题化分解）Underthesea海底世界【语境串联】（1）请用学习过的单词完成篇章：Youmayyellandbescaredto（目击）somany（abandon）oldpeoplewithout（acmodate）,（养老金）andrelations.Thegovernmentis（意识到的）ofwhatit（反映）and（催促）（每年的）conversationofthem.Keys:witness;abandoned;acmodation;pension;aware;reflects;urges;annual【知识拓展】（该部分主要给老师做知识拓展补充，学生版可选择性呈现该部分或直接删去，建议根据学生情况选择性补充或拓展其他内容，不要求全部讲解）witnessn.目击者；证人；证据vt.当场见到；目击beawitnessto...是……的证人/证据give/bearwitnessto为……作证；作……的证人witnesstosth./doingsth.证实……；证明……witnessfor为……作证awareadj.意识到的；知道的awarenessn.知道；认识；意识；兴趣be/beeawareofsth.意识到某事(aware通常做表语)be/beeawarethat...意识到……asfarasI'maware据我所知urgevt.催促，力劝，强烈要求n．强烈的欲望，迫切要求urgeagainst…极力反对……urgesb.todosth.催促某人做某事urgethatsb.(should)dosth.主张……；力劝……（虚拟语气）Itis/wasurgedthat...有人主张……annualadj.每年的；按年度计算的n.年刊；年鉴annuallyadv.每年地；年度地anniversaryn．周年纪念annualmeeting年会annualsalary年薪annualbudgetn.年度预算（2）请用学习过的短语完成篇章：Imadethebottle（上下翻转）andallofthemilkwasspiltontheground.I（意识到）whatIhaddone.（吓死了），Iwantedmymothertome（帮助某人摆脱困境）.Onlyshecouldkeepmefrombeingpunishingbymyfather.Keys:upsidedown;wasawareof;Scarestodeath;help...out;【知识拓展】（该部分主要给老师做知识拓展补充，学生版可选择性呈现该部分或直接删去，建议根据学生情况选择性补充或拓展其他内容，不要求全部讲解）help(...)out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难helpsb.withsth.帮助某人干某事help(sb.)(to)dosth.帮助(某人)干某事can'thelptodo不能帮助干某事can'thelpdoing禁不住干某事can'thelpbutdo只得，不得不helponeselfto随便吃/用……【即学即练】完形填空节选题。1.Wecanachievealotwhenwelearntoletourdifferencesunite,ratherthan_______us. A.divide B.reject C.control D.abandon2.Ithinkyoushouldstopforamomentandonyoursuccessesandfailures. A.look B.call C.reflect D.take3.Onceyouarethetrickusedinadvertisements,you,Ithink,won’tspendmoneyatyourownwill. A.anxiousabout B.awareof C.concernedabout D.worriedaboutKeys：1.A句意：当我们学会让我们自己的差异联合起来而不是将我们分离的时候，我们就获得很多。divide分开，reject拒绝，control控制，abandon放弃2.C3.B【查漏补缺】真题大练兵。1.Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithout____________________(recognize).2.Therobberstriedto________(逃跑),buttheywerecaughtintheend.3.Hopelessthoughitseemed,Francisdidnot________(放弃)allhopeoffindingajob.4.Jerrywasafraidto________(跳水)fromtheboardintothepool.[来源:Z+xx+k.]5.Louishadtoswimfor20minutestoreachthe________(海岸).6.Itistheir________(协作)thathasledtothesuccessoftheprogramme.7.I________(催促)mystudentstolookthroughtheirlessonsaheadofmyexplanation.8.Theycan________(暂停)duringareadingtodiscussdifficultsentenceswitheachother.Keys:1.beingrecognized2.flee3.abandon 4.dive5.shore6.teamwork7.urged8.pause【梳理优化】1、学生在“巩固练习”阶段掌握不好，就回到“精准突破”，补救学习。一、词性转换1.annualadj.每年的；按年度计算的→annualn.年刊；年鉴→annuallyadv.每年地2.acmodationn.住所；住宿→acmodatev.为……提供住宿3.divevi.&n.跳水(的动作)；潜水(的动作)；俯冲→divern.潜水员→divingn.跳水；跳水运动4.depthn.深(度)；深处→deepadj.深的→deeplyadv.强烈的；深刻地→deepenv.(使)变深；加深5.urgevt.催促；极力主张；驱策→urgentadj.急迫的；催促的；强求的→urgencyn.紧急(的事)6.abandonvt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃→abandonedadj.被抛弃的；被遗弃的→abandonmentn.遗弃；抛弃7.relationshipn.关系；血缘关系；交往→relationn.关系，联系，交往；亲戚(关系)；亲属(关系)→relatevt.&vi.(把……)联系起来；讲述；叙述8.conservationn.保存；保护→conservevt.保护；保藏9．awareadj.意识到的；知道的→awarenessn.知道；意识；兴趣→unawareadj.不知道的；没意识到的10．reflectvi.思考&vt.映射；反射；思考→reflectionn.反映；影像；沉思→reflectiveadj.思考的；反射的；反光的学生在“巩固练习”阶段掌握很好，就拓展延伸。完形填空的解题技巧5：词语复现词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一语篇中重复出现。语篇的句子通过复现关系达到相互衔接的目的。词语复现又可分为原词复现、同源词复现(又叫同根词复现)、同义或近义词复现、上下义词复现(即总括与分述，如animal是sheep，tiger，wolf等的上义词；rose是flower的下义词)等。(1)原词复现。为了表达的需要，在具体的上下文中同一个单词重复出现。如：【例1】AllofasuddenIstartedtofeelrather__________.ShewonderedwhyIwaslookingforthissortof__________.Ifeltevenmorehelplesswhenshetoldmethatitwouldbedifficulttogetajobwithoutexperience.A.encouraged B.dissatisfied C.helpless D.pleasedA.place B.job C.advice D.helpKeys：CB(2)同义词、近义词复现。同义词、近义词复现是借助意思相同或相近的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文的语义得以连接起来。如：【例2】Thatiswhatahobbymeans,Iguess.Itissomethingweliketodoinoursparetimesimplyforthe__________ofit.Thevalueindollarsisnotimportant;wedoitforthepleasureitgivesus.A.benefitB.goodC.funD.interestKeys：C(3)反义词复现。语意的连贯有时是通过对比结构而采用反义复现的手段，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释，考生可以从反义的角度判断正确的选项。如：【例3】Forcingyourselftorecallalmostneverhelpsbecauseitdoesn’t__________yourmoney;itonlytightensit.A.loosenB.weakenC.decreaseD.reduceKeys：A(4)同源词复现。对于上下文语义复现的表达，还可借助复现信息的同源词或同根词。如：【例4】Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudents.Ifalongreadingassignmentisgiven,theinstructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwiththeinformationinthereading……Whenresearchis__________,theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtopleteitwithminimumguidance.A.collectedB.assignedC.distributedD.finishedKeys：B(5)上义词复现。上义词具有概括的作用。在篇章中，有时为了表达的需要，作者会先概述，再分述。概述时用的为上义词，分述则用比较具体的下义词，两者为总分关系。如：【例5】Othertimes,hewouldjoinstudentgroupstodiscussavarietyof__________:agriculture,divingandmathematics.A.questionsB.subjectsC.mattersD.ContentsKeys：B【即学即练】1.Ithasbeenarguedbysomethatgiftedchildrenshouldbegroupedinspecialclasses.Therecanbelittledoubtthat4classescanhelpthegiftedchildrentograduateearlierandtaketheirplaceinlifesooner.A.regularB.specialC.smallD.creativeKeys：解析：与前段第一句中specialclasses的special是原词复现，故选B。2.Thereweremanywaystopreventthisfromhappening:hangingaknifeoverthebaby’sheadwhilehesleptorcoveringhimwithsomeofhisfather’sclotheswerejusttwooftheremended27.A.casesB.toolsC.stepsD.methodsKeys：解析：因methods与前文中的ways同义词复现，故选D。3.Manyareconcernedthatgiftedchildrenbeeboredandloseinterestinlearning.However，this11ismoreoftenfromparentsandteachersthanfromstudents...A.concernB.conclusionC.reflectionD.interestKeys：解析：因concern(n.担心)与上文的concerned(adj.担心的)是同源词复现或同根词复现，故选A。4.However，thisconcernismoreoftenfromparentsandteachersthanfromstudents，andsomeofthese12simplyconcludethatspecialclassesshouldbesetupforthosewhoaretalented.A.studentsB.adultsC.scholarsD.teachersKeys：解析：因adults是上文parentsandteachers的上义词,即这是上下义词复现,故选A。优化：补充、完善初步总结的解题方法；B.解决元认知问题；C.信息精细化加工；D.需要记忆的教给记忆诀窍等；E.图式。A.补充、完善初步总结的解题方法。一、常考题型：1.完型填空;2.阅读理解题;3.语法填空题4.书面表达二、解题技巧语法填空题中词汇的解题技巧1.判断空格中所需单词的词性；2.观察所给单词的词性和所需单词词性是否一致；3.根据题目修改相应的单词形式B.信息精细化加工（归类、分类、类比、比较、联想、想象等）1.选取本次课学习的（至少）5个词汇写出一篇短文。E.图式。1.利用近义词、同义词、反义词转换等带出新的语言。2.利用paraphrase评价和转换语言，利用已有认知图式结合情境学习新的目标词汇。【强化巩固】完形填空IgrewupinSanPedro.Mydadwasa

1,andhelovedthesea.Hehadhisown

2,butitwashardtomakealivingonthesea.Heworkedhard,andhewouldstay

out untilhecaughtenoughfishto

3hisfamily.Whentheweatherwas

4hewould

5metoschool.Hewouldpullrightup

infront,smiling,then

6andgivemeabigkissonthe

7,tellingmetobeagood

8.BecauseIwastwelveyearsoldthen,itwasso

9forme.Oneday,theweatherwasstillbad.Whenwegottotheschool,hehadhisusualbig

10andstartedtoleantowardme,butIputmyhandupandsaid:"No,Dad."ItwasthefirsttimeIhadever

11himinthatway,andhehadasurprisedlookonhisface.Isaid:"Dad,I’mtoooldforagoodbyekiss.I’mtoooldforanykindsofkiss."Mydadlookedatmeforthelongesttime,and

12cameintohiseyes.Ihadneverseenhimcry.Hesaid:"You’reright.Youareabigboy.Iwon’tkissyou

anymore."Itwasn’tlongafterthatwhenmydadwenttoseaandnever

13.Itwasadaywhenalloftheshipsstayedin,butnotmydad’s.Hehadabigfamilytofeed.Nowlamwillingto

14allifmydadcangivemejust

onemorekissonthecheek,feelinghis

15oldfaceandsmellingtheoceanonhim;IwishIhadbeenamanthen.IfIhadbeenaman,IwouldneverhavetoldmydadIwastoooldforagoodbyekiss.1.A.teacher B.worker C.fisherman D.carpenter2.A.factory B.boat C.car D.pany3.A.build B.support C.acpany D.see4.A.special B.sunny C.terrible D.bright5.A.drive B.persuade C.make D.force6.A.leanover B.walkover C.climbup D.takein7.A.cheek B.hand C.back D.shoulder8.A.children B.boy C.teenagers D.fisherman9.A.happy B.difficult C.embarrassing D.unbelievable10.A.kiss B.smile C.hug D.action11.A.refused B.answered C.saw D.told12.A.screams B.smiles C.tears D.worries13.A.tookback B.cameback C.lookedback D.cameon14.A.sacrifice B.understand C.permit D.remind15.A.smooth B.tough C.rough D.handsomeKeys:【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。我小时候身为渔民的父亲每次送我上学，总会给我一个大大的吻，随着年龄的增长，我对父亲的吻感到很不情愿，但当我拒绝父亲的吻别后，父亲却在出海后再也没能回来。本文表达了我对父亲深深的怀念和愧疚之情。1.C考查名词。fisherman渔民；carpenter木匠。根据"untilhecaughtenoughfish"可知父亲是一位渔民，所以选C。2.B考查名词。根据后文的"butitwashardtomakealivingonthesea"可知父亲在大海上谋生需要船，所以选B。3.B考查动词。build建造；support养活；acpany陪伴；see看见。根据上题解析可知选B。根据下文中的"Hehadabigfamilytofeed"也可得出答案。4.C考查形容词。special特殊的；sunny阳光充足的；terrible可怕的，危害极大的；bright明亮的。根据后文的"Oneday，theweatherwasstillbad"可知，当天气糟糕时，父亲总是开车送作者到学校。所以选C。5.A考查动词。drive开车；persuade劝说；make使产生；force强迫。根据后文的"Hewouldpullrightupfront..."他总是把车停在前边可知，父亲是开车送作者上学的，所以选A。6.A考查动词短语。leanover靠过来；walkover走过来；climbup爬上去；takein吸入。根据后文的startedtoleantowardme可知他把车停到正前方，然后把头靠过来，在作者的脸上给他一个大大的吻，告诉他成为优秀的男生。此处lean也为原词复现，所以选A。7.A考查名词。Cheek脸颊；hand 手；back背部；shoulder肩膀。根据常识和此处语境可知，吻应该是在脸颊上的，所以选A。8.B考查名词。根据后文的“Youareabigboy”可知选B。由空格前的a可排除A项和C项。9.C考查形容词。happy幸福的；difficult困难的；embarrassing使人害羞的；unbelievable难以相信的。根据前文的"BecauseIwastwelveyearsold"可知因为作者已经12岁了，所以对作者来说那真的令人尴尬。故选C。10.B考查名词。kiss吻；smile微笑；hug拥抱；action行动。根据前文的"smiling，then(leanover)andgivemeabigkiss"可知此处属于原词复现，所以选B。11.A考查动词。refuse拒绝；answer回答；see看见；tell告诉。根据后文的"andhehadasurprisedlookonhisface"可知父亲对于作者这样的行为感到很惊讶，说明这是第一次作者以这样的方式拒绝父亲。所以选A。12.C考查名词。根据后文的"Ihadneverseenhimcry"可知，父亲因此而流泪了，所以选C。13.B考查动词短语。takeback收回；eback返回；lookback回顾；eon加油。根据最后一段作者的描述可知作者的父亲再次出海时，就没能回来，所以选B。14.A考查动词。sacrifice牺牲；understand理解；permit允许；remind提醒。根据后文的描述，作者对于自己之前的行为感到很内疚，所以如果能够重来，作者愿意牺牲自己的一切去换父亲的吻，所以选A。15.C考查形容词。smooth光滑的；tough艰难的；rough粗糙的；handsome英俊的。父亲常年在海上漂泊，所以脸颊是粗糙的，所以选C。【课后练习】一、书面表达假如你正在参加学校举办的一个英语演讲比赛，就如何应对全球变暖这一话题发表自己的见解，号召同学们过低碳生活，为减少二氧化碳(CO2)排放做贡献。请就这一话题写一篇演讲稿，陈述你自己的观点。演讲稿应包括以下内容：1．节能减排，低碳生活，人人可为；2．改变以往的家庭生活习惯(用电，用水)；3．出行使用公共交通或骑自行车；4．……注意：1.词数100左右；2．可适当增加细节内容，以使行文连贯；3．开头和结尾已经给出，但不计入总词数。参考词汇：lowcarbonlife低碳生活；carbonemission碳排放Goodmorning,everyone!Mytopictodayishowtolivealowcarbonlife.Asweallknow,theearthisbeingwarmerandwarmerduetotheglobalclimatechange.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Keys：Goodmorning,everyone!Mytopictodayishowtolivealowcarbonlife.Asweallknow,theearthisbeingwarmerandwarmerduetotheglobalclimatechange.Manypeoplemaythinkthatlowcarbonlifeisfarawayfromus.However,everyoneofuscanreduceourdailycarbonemissionbydoingsomething.Firstly,changingourpreviouslivinghabitofwastingisthefirststep.Wecanuseenergy­savingelectriclightsinsteadofthetraditionallights,andturnthemoffwhenwedon’tusethem.Neverleavethewaterrunningwhenwedon’tuseit.Whenweneedtocontactsomeone,it’sbettertosendane­mailthanusepapertowriteletters.Usethepublictransportorrideyourbicycleinsteadofdrivingprivatecarswhenwetravelsomewhere.Evenifwehavetodrive,we’dbetterplanitwellinadvancetoavoidwastingfuel.Itisbelievedthattheglobalclimatechangeisduetothehumanactivities.Onlyifweknowwhatwecandoinourdailylifeandlivealowcarbonlifecanwemakeadifference.二、语法填空Nowadays,moreandmorepost90sgenerationwillentertheworkforce.Theyplacemoreemphasis1.______________lookingforajobthattheyenjoymorethanotherfactors.Manyofthemhopetoestablisha2.______________(relax)workingrelationship.Morethanhalfofthemprefertheeasygoingandgoodtempered3.______________(employ).Surprisingly10percentofthemwishtobefriendswiththeirbosses.ExpertssaythattheyarethegenerationoftheInternetera.Theyhaveastrong4.______________(aware)of"self"andhowtheyrelatetotheoutsideworld.GuoYun,22,isadigitalmediamajorfromBeijingUniversityofPostsandTelemunications.Shesaysthatshewouldnotmind5.______________(work)longhours,butwouldpreferherboss6.______________(explain)whyshehasto,suchastheurgencyofthetask."Ifeel7.______________(great)motivatedinthisway,"sheexplains.Theytendtocareagreatdealabouttheteamorthemanagementculture.8.______________arealsomoreoutspokenabouttheirneeds,andtheyarelikelytoopenlymunicatewiththeiremployers.Asaresult,they9.______________(admit)intomostbigpaniesmoreeasily.Ithinkitistheirfranknessandenthusiasm10.______________leavesadeepimpressionontheiremployers.Keys：说明文。如今,越来越多的90后即将进入社会,他们有着很强的自我意识,他们直率并敢于公开地与老板沟通自己的想法,正因为这样,他们深受大多数公司老板的青睐。坦率和热情是积极的情感态度,本篇文章的话题符合高考,注重发展中学生与人沟通和合作的能力。1.on本题考查考生根据固定搭配正确使用介词的能力。此处表示职场90后更强调要做自己喜欢做的事情。动词词组placeemphasisonsth.意为"强调……,重视……"。2.relaxing本题考查考生根据语篇的意义把动词正确转化为形容词的能力。句意:许多90后希望建立令人轻松的工作关系。本空用来修饰名词短语workingrelationship,因此应该用形容词。动词relax 的形容词形式有两种relaxed和relaxing。前者表示"感到放松的",而后者表示"令人放松的,令人轻松的"。3.employers本题考查考生根据语篇的意义正确用动词转化为名词的能力。句意:超过一半的90后更喜欢随和的、脾气好的老板。根据语境可知本空应该泛指老板,因此用名词复数employers。4.awareness本题考查考生根据语篇的意义把形容词正确转化为名词的能力。此处表示他们有很强的自我意识。分析句子结构并结合句中的a可知,此处应用名词。5.working本题考查考生根据动词用法正确使用非谓语动词的能力。此处表示她说她不介意工作时间长,但是她希望老板给她一个合理的解释,比如说工作的紧迫性等。句中动词mind表示"介意",其后只能接动名词作宾语,不能接不定式作宾语。6.toexplain本题考查考生根据动词短语正确使用非谓语动词的能力。参考上题解析可知,此处表示希望老板给她一个合理的解释。句中prefersb.todosth.为固定搭配,表示"宁愿某人做某事"。7.greatly本题考查考生根据语篇的意义以及句子结构正确使用副词的能力。句中motivated为形容词,表示"有积极性的,有动力的",应用副词修饰。8.They9.areadmitted10.that本题考查考生对强调句型的掌握情况。正是他们的直率与热情给老板们留下了深刻的印象。此处为强调句"Itis+被强调部分+that+其他部分",故应用that。三、阅读理解LifeintheClearTransparentanimalsletlightpassthroughtheirbodiesthesamewaylightpassesthroughawindow.Theseanimalstypicallylivebetweenthesurfaceoftheoceanandadepthofabout3,300feet—asfarasmostlightcanreach.Mostofthemareextremelydelicateandcanbedamagedbyasimpletouch.SonkeJohnsen,ascientistinbiology,says,“Theseanimalslivethroughtheirlifealone.Theynevertouchanythingunlessthey’reeatingit,orunlesssomethingiseatingthem.”Andtheyareasclearasglass.Howdoesananimalbeeseethrough?It’strickierthanyoumightthink.Theobjectsaroundyouarevisiblebecausetheyinteractwithlight.Lighttypicallytravelsinastraightline.Butsomematerialsslowandscatter(散射)light,bouncingitawayfromitsoriginalpath.Othersabsorblight,stoppingitdeadinitstracks.Bothscatteringandabsorptionmakeanobjectlookdifferentfromotherobjectsaroundit,soyoucanseeiteasily.Butatransparentobjectdoesn’tabsorborscatterlight,atleastnotverymuch.Lightcanpassthroughitwithoutbendingorstopping.Thatmeansatransparentobjectdoesn’tlookverydifferentfromthesurroundingairorwater.Youdon’tseeit—youseethethingsbehindit.Tobeetransparent,ananimalneedstokeepitsbodyfromabsorbingorscatteringlight.Livingmaterialscanstoplightbecausetheycontainpigments(色素)thatabsorbspecificcolorsoflight.Butatransparentanimaldoesn’thavepigments,soitstissueswon’tabsorblight.AccordingtoJohnsen,avoidingabsorptionisactuallyeasy