2023-2024学年北京朝阳高三（上）期中英语试卷（含答案）

2023北京朝阳高三（上）期中

英语

2023.11

（考试时间90分钟满分100分）

本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡

上将该项涂黑。

Lastnightwasthelastgameformyson'ssoccerteam.Everyoneintheteamhadtrainedveryhardforitand

thusconfidentlyexpectedabigwin.

Itwasthefinalquarter.Thescorewastwotoone,myson'steaminthe1.Parentsencircledthefield,

offeringencouragement.Withlessthantensecondsremaining,theballrolledinfrontofmyson'steammate,

MikeyO'Donnel.Withshoutsof"2it!"acrossthefield,Mikeytookthechanceandgaveiteverythinghehad.

Allroundmethecrowderupted.Hehad3!

However,everyonerealizedimmediatelythatMikeydidit,butinthe4goal,endingthegameinadraw.For

amomenttherewastotal5.Theairseemedtobeatastandstill.Yousee,MikeyhasDown'ssyndrome,a

conditioninwhichapersonisbornwithlearningdifficulties,andforhimallgoalsshouldbecelebrated.Hehad6

beenknowntohugtheopposingplayerswhentheywonapoint.

Notknowingwhatwashappening,Mikeyranovertomysonexcitedly,UImadeit!1madeit!Everybody

won!^^ForamomentIheldmybreath,notsurehowmysonwould7.1neednothaveworried.Iwatched,

throughtears,myson8hishandintheclassichigh-fivegestureandstartedshouting,"WaytogoMikey!Wayto

goMikey!”WithinmomentsbothteamssurroundedMikey,joiningmysonto9himonhisgoal.

Laterthatnight,whenmydaughteraskedwhohadwon,IsmiledasIreplied,44Itwasa10.Everybody

won.”

1.A.wayB.positionC.leadD.back

2.A.LeaveB.PickC.ThrowD.Kick

3.A.missedB.scoredC.performedD.slipped

4.A.clearB.wrongC.specificD.decisive

5.A.silenceB.angerC.whisperD.laughter

6.A.ratherB.hardlyC.almostD.even

7.A.admitB.reactC.guessD.defend

8.A.drewbackB.putdownC.lookedatD.threwup

9.A.congratulateB.comfortC.consultD.instruct

10.A.reliefB.keyC.tieD.pity

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的

空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

A

Inmyearlyyearsatschool,Ihadtroublewithsomesubjects.SometimesIwouldgetan"F"andthatwould

makeme11(real)scared.WhatIusedtodowasturnthe"F”intoa"B”12(please)myparents.However,it

didn'tworkoutandfinallyIwascaughtdoingthat.ThenIknewIhadtoacceptthatfailureandlearnfromit,soI

13(take)apositiveapproach.Naturallythat"F"turnedintoa"B"andthat"B"turnedintoan"A".

B

Gatheracoupleoffriendsandtakealeisurelywalkthroughthestreets-thisis14manyyoungstersenjoy

doingwhentheyvisitanewcity.Tothem,citywalkmeanswanderingaroundthecityonfoot.Participantscan

followadistinctiveurbanroute,15(explore)thecityattheirownpace.Comparedwithfamous16(spot)

andbigcrowds,theyprefertogainamoreinclusiveexperienceoftheplacestheyvisit.

C

Technologyisconstantlyadvancing.17weimaginedityearsagocannotkeepupwithitspaceof

development.Inthepast,autonomousvehicleswerejustapartofmovies,18thesetechnologiesarenow

successfullycomingintobeing.Anautonomouscar,also19(know)asaself-drivingcar,canperformall

functionsrelatedtoeverydaydrivingandparking.Itisatechnologythatsensestheenvironmentand,uponentering

thedestination,20(find)itswaywithouthumanintervention.

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂

黑。

A

Ahearingaidisasmallelectronicdeviceyouwearinorbehindyoureartomakesoundslouder.Ahearingaid

hasthreebasicparts:amicrophone,anamplifierandaspeaker.Thehearingaidreceivessoundthrougha

microphone,whichchangesthesoundwavestoelectricalsignalsandsendsthemtoanamplifier.Theamplifier

increasesthepowerofthesignalsandsendsthemtotheearthroughaspeaker.Therearethreestylesofhearing

aids.

•Behind-the-ear(BTE)aidsareusedbypeopleofallages."Mini"BTEisanewkind.Thesesmallandopen-

fitaidsfitbehindtheearcompletely,withanarrowtubeintotheearcanal,enablingthecanaltoremainopen.Thus,

somepeoplepreferitbecausetheirownvoicedoesnotsound“pluggedup”.

•In-the-ear(ITE)aidsfitcompletelyinsidetheouterear.SomeITEaidsmayhaveaddedfeatures,suchasa

telecoilthatallowsuserstoreceivesoundthroughthecircuitryofthehearingaid,ratherthanthroughits

microphone.

•Canalaidsfitintotheearcanalandareavailableintwostyles.In-the-canal(ITC)aidsaremadetofitthe

sizeandshapeoftheearcanal.Completely-in-canal(CIC)aidsarehiddenintheearcanal.Thehearingaidthatwill

workbestforyoudependsonyourhearingneedsandlifestyle.Priceis

alsoakeyconsideration.However,justbecauseonehearingaidismoreexpensivethananotherdoesnot

necessarilymeanthatitwillbettersuityourneeds.Otherfeaturestoconsiderincludepartsorservicescoveredby

theguarantee,estimatedcostsforrepair,andthehearingaidcompany'sreputationforqualityandservice.

Formoreinformation,contact:nidcdinfo@.

21.Whathelpsstrengthenthepowerofelectricalsignalsinahearingaid?

A.Themicrophone.B.Theamplifier.C.Thespeaker.D.Thetelecoil.

22.Ifpreferringahearingaidthatkeepstheearcanalopen,youcanchoose.

A.“Mini”BTE

B.In-the-earaids

C.In-the-canalaids

D.Completely-in-canalaids

23.Tobuyasuitablehearingaid,youshould.

A.increaseyourestimatedcosts

B.findtheonewithmorefeatures

C.giveintotheafter-saleservices

D.consideryourneedsandlifestyle

B

BrianPetersonhadjustmovedtoCalifornia.Outsidehisapartment,ahomelessmanwasoftenshoutingonthe

streetcorner,sometimeskeepinghimawakeatnight.Petersonwouldpasstheguyonhiswaytowork,butthey

neverspoke.

Oneday,PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoeswhenhewasdisturbedbythehomelessman.Inspiredby

thebook'scompassionate（有同情心的）message,Petersonmadeanunexpecteddecision:Hewasgoingtogooutside

andintroducehimself.ThehomelessmanwasMattFaris.He'dmovedtoCaliforniatopursueacareerinmusic,

butheendeduplivingonthestreet.

“ItwasthestrangestthingtomeJPetersonrecalled.t€Isawbeautyonthefaceofamanwhohadn'tshavedor

takenashowerinprobablyayear.Buthisstoryinspiredme."AndeventhoughPeterson,anartschoolgraduate,

hadn'tpaintedinabouteightyears,heaskedifhecouldpaintFaris'sportrait（肖像）.Farissaidyes.

ThisexperienceledPetersontoformFacesofSantaAna,anon-profitorganizationfocusedonbefriendingand

paintingportraitsofunhousedpeople.Petersonsellstheportraits,puttingtheincomeintowhathecallsa“love

account“forhismodel.Hethenhelpspeopleusethemoneytogetbackontheirfeet.

ManyofPeterson'snewfriendsusethedonationstosecureimmediatenecessities-medicalcare,hotel

rooms,andfood.Farisusedthefundsfromhisportraittorecordanalbum（专辑）,realizinghismusicaldreams.

Anothersubject,Sondoval,whohadneverbeenabletofinanciallysupportherdaughter,usedthemoneytopayher

daughter'srent.

SinceFacesofSantaAnawasestablished,Petersonhaspainted41ofalltheportraits.Butthere'smoretothe

finishedproductsthanthemoneytheybringtosomeonewho'sdownandout.He'sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstend

toconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonethey

mighthaveotherwisestereotyped（持固有观念）oroverlooked.''Peopleoftentellme,41wastheonethatwouldcross

thestreet.ButIseehomelesspeopledifferentlynow,'"Petersonsays.UIdidn'tknowthatwouldhappen.”

24.HowdidPetersonfeelaboutthehomelessmanafterreadingthebook?

A.Annoyed.B.Amazed.C.Concerned.D.Confused.

25.AftertalkingwithFaris,Petersondecidedto.

A.payforhisrentB.recordanalbum

C.gotoanartschoolD.painthisportrait

26.HowdidPetersonhelpthehomeless?

A.Hefoundedanon-profitorganization.

B.Heboughtimmediatenecessitiesforthem.

C.Hedonatedmoneytorelatedorganizations.

D.Hetaughtthemhowtorealizetheirdreams.

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Prejudiceblocksdreams.

B.Wealthcanmakepeoplewise.

C.Sympathycanbreakstereotypes.

D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

C

“WhenIstoppedinatourlocaltourismofficeinMontrealtoaskwheretheywouldrecommendvisitorstogo

tosmell,taste,andlistentothecity,Ijustreceivedblankstares.Theyonlyknowaboutthingstosee,notaboutthe

city'sothersensoryattractions,itssoundmarksandsmellmarks,saysHowes,thedirectorofSensoryStudies,a

growingfieldoftenreferredtoas"sensoryurbanism”.

Aroundtheworld,researcherslikeHowesareinvestigatinghownon-visualinformationdefinesthecharacter

ofacityandaffectsitslivability.Usingmethodsrangingfromlow-techsoundwalkstodatacollecting,wearables

（clothingorglassesthatcontaincomputertechnology）,andvirtualreality,they'refightingwhattheyseeasa

limitingvisualpreferenceinurbanplanning.

“Justbeingabletocloseyoureyesfor10minutesgivesyouatotallydifferentfeelingaboutaplace/5says

OguzOner,anacademicandmusician.HehasspentyearsorganizingsoundwalksinIstanbulwhereparticipants

describewhattheyhearatdifferentspotswiththeireyescovered.Hisresearchhasidentifiedlocationswherea

waveorgancouldbeconstructedtostrengthenthesoundsofthesea,somethinghewassurprisedtorealizepeople

couldhardlyhear,evenalongthewaterfront.

Althoughhisfindingshavenotbeenconsideredintolocalurbanplansyet,thiskindofindividualfeedback（反

馈）aboutthesensoryenvironmentisalreadybeingputtouseinBerlin,wherequietareasidentifiedbycitizens

usingafreemobileapphavebeenincludedinthecity'slatestnoiseactionplan.

Thebestwaytodeterminehowpeoplereacttodifferentsensoryenvironmentsisasubjectofsomedebate

withinthefield.Howesandhiscolleaguesareusingobservationandinterviewstodevelopasetofbestpractices

forgoodsensorydesigninpublicspaces.Otherresearchersaregoingmorehigh-tech,usingwearablestotrack

biologicaldatalikeheart-ratevariabilitytorevealdifferentsensoryexperiences.

Asdatacollectionaboutpeople'ssensoryexperiencesbecomesmorewidespread,manyoftheseexpertswarn

thatconcernsaboutprivacyandsurveillance（监视）needtobetakenintoaccount.Issuesoffairnessandinclusion

alsocomeintoplaywhendeterminingwhosesensoryexperiencesarefactoredintoplanning."'Sensoryawarenessis

notindependentorsimplybiological;whetherwefindsomethingpleasantornothasbeenshapedculturallyand

socially,saysMonicaDegen,anurbanculturalsociologistatBrunelUniversityLondon.

DegencitestheexampleofaLondonneighborhoodwhereinexpensiverestaurantsforlocalyouthwere

replacedbytrendycafes."Itusedtosmelllikefriedchicken,“shesays,butnewerresidentsfoundthatsmell

annoyingratherthanwelcoming.uNowitsmellslikethepopularItaliancoffee,cappuccinos.^^

28.Theunderlinedphrase"blankstares^^inParagraph1impliesthat.

A.Montrealislackinginvisualappeal

B.MontreaPsnon-visualinformationisignored

C.thetourismofficersobjecttosensoryurbanism

D.therearetoomanytouristattractionstorecommend

29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Manymethodsareusedtolimitthevisualpreference.

B.Potentialconcernsaboutcollectingdatacanberelieved.

C.Peoplemayfailtonoticesoundattractionseveninbetterlocations.

D.Individualfeedbackrestrictsthedevelopmentofsensoryenvironment.

30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.People'sperceptionsoftheirsensorysurroundingsaresubjective.

B.Sensoryurbanismneedstofocusondevelopingsensoryfacilities.

C.Sensoryexperienceisdominantinshapingthecharacterofacity.

D.Choicesofsensoryattractionsinurbanplanningdependontourists.

D

Inthe1770s,anEnglishdoctorcalledEdwardJennergavehisgardener'ssoncowpox（牛痘）andthen

deliberatelyinfectedhimwithsmallpox（天花）totesthisassumptionthatpeoplewhowerefrequentlyexposedto

cowpox,asimilarbutlessseverevirus,wouldavoidcatchingsmallpox.Itworkedandcowpoxasthevaccine（疫苗）

washighlyeffective.<6Vaccination^^,fromtheLatinwordforcow,soonbecamecommonplace.

Challengetrialsareformsofresearchwhere,ratherthanrelyingondatafromnaturalinfections,we

intentionallyexposesomeonetoadiseaseinordertotesttheeffectivenessofavaccineortreatment.Thingshave

changedalotsinceJenner'stime,ofcourse,whenitwasnotuncommonfordoctorstoconductthiskindof

research.Evenso,there?sthecontinuoussensethatthere9ssomethingimmoralaboutmakingsomeoneillon

purpose.

Butthisshouldn'tblindustotheextraordinarypowerofchallengetrials.Theycouldbecomeincreasingly

importantweaponsinthemedicalresearch,inasituationwherevaccinetechnologyisadvancingandthethreatof

diseasesjumpingfromanimalsintohumanbeingsisincreasing.

Muchhasbeendonetoreducetherisksofchallengetrials.Likerespiratorysyncytialvirus（RSV）,researchers

haveinvolvedadultswhoareatalowriskofsevereillness.Theseactshavealreadycutdownamassiverangeof

vaccinecandidates.Withtheirhelp,theworldwillsoonhavethefirstvaccinesagainstRSV,whichkillstensof

thousandsofnewbornbabieseachyear.Butnotalldiseasesareliketheseones.Wedon'talwaysknowthedangers

volunteersmightface;wedon'talwayshavetreatmentsready.Whatthen?

Wecould,ofcourse,justavoidthesequestionsentirely,andrelyonothertypesofresearch.Butthatdoesn't

alwayswork:sometimes,animaltestingistrickyanduninformative,becausethediseasedoesn'tdevelopinthe

samewayasitwouldinhumans.Incontrast,challengetrialscanbedeeplyinformativewithinweeks,withfar

fewervolunteers.Andthebenefitscanbesurprisinglyhigh.Takethelatestpandemic.Attheendoflastyear,asthe

numberofdeathsisestimatedtohavereachedabout17.8million,it'salsoestimatedthat20millionhadbeensaved

byvaccines.Intheyearstocome,theywillhopefullysavemillionsmore.

Inordertomakesureweareasprotectedaspossiblefromcurrentandfuturethreats,weshouldtrytogetrid

ofthemisbeliefinchallengetrials,makingthemamorefamiliarpartofourtoolkits.Perhapsthegreatestrewardof

allwouldbetomakesureparticipants9effortsareworthwhile:bydesigningtrialstobefairandeffectiveand

applyingthemwhenandwheretheymightmakearealdifference.Inshort,byhelpingthemtosavethousands,if

notmillionsoflives.

31.TheauthortellsthestoryofEdwardJennermainlyto.

A.giveadefinitionofchallengetrials

B.introducethetopicofchallengetrials

C.highlighttheeffectivenessofhisvaccine

D.explaintheoriginoftheword"vaccination”

32.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Theissuesbehindchallengetrialscanbesolved.

B.Thedangersofchallengetrialsoutweighthebenefitstheybring.

C.Challengetrialscanbenefitnumerouslivesinspiteoftheirrisks.

D.Challengetrialscansetbackthedevelopmentofvaccinetechnologies.

33.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?

A.Peopleshouldstillbecarefulaboutchallengetrials.

B.Amoreopenattitudeshouldbetakentowardschallengetrials.

C.Challengetrialsguaranteeparticipantsprotectionagainstthreats.

D.Morevolunteersinvolvedcanimprovetheaccuracyofchallengetrials.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Shouldweusechallengetrialstofindcures?

B.Canchallengetrialsbeablocktomedicalprogress?

C.Canchallengetrialsbetheendofinfectiousdiseases?

D.Shouldwereplaceanimaltestingwithchallengetrials?

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Manyofussetgoals,butsometimeswefailtoachievethem.Therearemanycauseswhywedon'tmanageto

realizeourgoals.35Thereisaway,though,tohelpaddressthisproblem:setreminders.Peopleemploya

psychologicalstrategycalledcognitive（认知的）offloading,whereweuseaphysicalactiontoreducedemandson

ourbrain.Specifically,wemayoutsourceourintentionsfrombeingstoredinourbrainstoremindersoutsideour

head.36

Understandingthebenefitsofcognitiveoffloadingcanimproveourabilitytorememberandfollowthrough

withourintentions.Thebiggestbenefitissimplythatitimprovesmemoryperformance.

Itincreasestheprobabilitythatwewillworktowardsthegoalsweneedtoreach.37"Themoreweoffload

unimportantinformation,suchasitemsonashoppinglist,themorewecanuseourbrainforthosemoresignificant

cognitivetasks,suchascreativity,saidSamGilbert,professorattheUniversityCollegeLondon.

38Still,therearepotentialnegativepartsforit.Wearemorelikelytoforgetwhatweoffloadedifweno

longeraccessourstorage,suchaswhenoursmartphonedies.Wealsotendtooffloadtheimportantthingswemost

wanttoremember.Inasurprisetestwheretheirreminderswerewipedclean,theparticipantsweremorelikelyto

forgettheimportantitemsandrecalltheunimportantones,thatis,themoreimportanttheintentionwewantto

remember,themorelikelywearetooffloadit-andtoforgetit.

We'dbettertendtocreatereminderswhenwethinkweneedthem,butnotnecessarilywhenwedoneedthem.

39"Ifourunderstandingofourmemoryabilityiswrong,thissuggeststhatwewilleitheroveruseorunderuse

reminders,Gilbertsaid."Wecanlearnbynoticingthetimesthatwehaveforgottentodosomethingandcould

haveusedreminderstohelp.”

A.Cognitiveoffloadinghasnoticeablebenefits.

B.Onecommonreasonisthatwesimplyforgetthem.

C.Besides,itcanfreeupourlimitedcognitiveresources.

D.Agoodexamplecanbedocumentsonoursmartphonecalendars.

E.Theprocessofcognitiveoffloadinghelpsusidentifyfalseinformation.

F.Ourbeliefsabouthowgoodourmemoryisdirectlyinfluencewhetherwesetthem.

G.Otherexpertssayit'stoosoontounderstandhowcognitiveoffloadingaffectsourbrains.

第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

Theword“motivation"comesfromtheLatintermmotivus,“amovingcause”.Itisdescribedastheforcethat

drivesustopursueagoal,includingthedesiretocontinuepursuingmeaning,purpose,andalifeworthliving.It

fuelscompetitionandboostssocialconnection.Itsabsencecanleadtomentalillnessessuchasdepression.

Peopleoftenhavemultiplemotivesforengaginginanyonebehaviour.Motivationmightbeextrinsic.That

meansapersonisinspiredbyoutsideforces-otherpeopleorrewards.Anythingpromisedforcompletingthetask

orreceivedasaresultofcompletingthetaskareextrinsicmotivators.Extrinsicmotivationcanincreasemotivation

intheshortterm,butovertimeitmaygraduallydecrease.

Motivationcanalsobeintrinsic.Intrinsicmotivationcomespurelyfromwithin,withnoexpectedreward,

deadline,oroutsidepressure.Forexample,peoplewhoareintrinsicallymotivatedtorundosobecausetheylove

thefeelingofrunningitself.Comparedtoextrinsicmotivation,intrinsicmotivationtendstopushpeoplemore

forcefully,andtheachievementsaremoresatisfying,sinceitisintegratedintoidentityandservesasacontinuous

sourceofmotivation.

Tounderstandmotivation,AbrahamMaslowintroducedtheconceptofhierarchyofneeds（需求层次）in1943.

AccordingtoMaslow,humansareintrinsicallymotivatedtomeetphysicalneeds,themostfundamentalonessuch

asneedsforfood.Thentheygraduallysatisfyseverallevelsofneedsfromsafety,tohigher-orderneedsfbrlove,

belonging,andself-respect,andfinallymovetowardexpressingtheirfullpotential—self-actualization,thedesireto

becomethemostthatonecanbe.

AlthoughthegeneralityofMaslow'stheoryhasbeenchallenged,manybelieveitrevealsfundamentaltruths

abouthumanmotivation.Nomatterwheremotivationbegins,therearealwayswaystoincreaseit——whetherthatbe

yourownmotivationorsomeoneelse's.Sometimesyoumightfeelcompletelyunmotivated—andthat'sOK.In

thatsituation,allowyourselftofeelthediscomfort,hearthenegativeself-talk,andthentakeactionanyway.

40.Whatismotivation?

41.Whyisintrinsicmotivationmorepowerful?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

OAccordingtoMaslow,wearemotivatedbydifferentlevelsofneeds,startingatthelowestandthemostbasic

levelknownasself-actualizationneeds,

43.Inwhatway(s)doyouthinkyoucangetmotivated?(Inabout40words)

第二节(20分)

假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校国际部交换生Jim正在策划一次“中西文化交流”活动，作为

好友，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：

1.活动形式：

2.活动内容。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

DearJim,______________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________