Unit2Grammar学案牛津译林版英语八年级下册

Unit2GrammarLearningaims:1．了解have/hasbeen和have／hasgone的用法2．了解since和for的用法区别3．了解短暂性动词和延续性动词的不同用法以及它们之间的转换。【基础知识】1.have/hasbeento和have/hasgoneto的区别：1)Weusehave/hasbeentoexpresstheideathatsomeonewenttoaplaceandhasalreadyeback.Itreferstoanexperience.have/hasbeento表示某人曾经去过某个地方，现在人已经离开，不在那了也可能已经回来了。Eg.MillieandAmyhavebeentoSouthHill米莉和埃米已去过南山。have／hasbeento后面跟地点名词,主要强调某人的一种经历，可以和表示次数的状语连用。Eg.IhavebeentoBeijingonce.我去过一次北京。HaveyoueverbeentotheUSA?你曾去过美国吗？No，never.没有，从未去过。()①Howmanytimes_______you_______toLondonsincelastyear?A.have;gone B.have;beenC.do;go D.did;went()②(2013.随州)Jack,Ihaven'tseenyouruncleforalongtime.He_______Shanghaionbusinessfortwomonths.A.wentto B.hasgonetoC.hasbeenin D.hasbeento2.)Weusehave/hasgonetoexpresstheideathatsomeonewenttoaplacebuthasnotyetreturned.have/hasgoneto表示某人已经去了某个地方，但现在人还没有回来。可能在去的途中，或者到了当地。反正人没有回来。Eg.Mr.GreenhasgonetoLondon.Hewillbebackintwoweeks.格林先生去了伦敦。他将在2周后回来。have／hasgoneto后面跟地点名词，当地点用副词表示时要省略介词to。Eg.Whereisyouruncle?你叔叔在哪儿？Hehasgonetothelibrary.他去图书馆了。Isn'tDanielintheoffice?Daniel不在办公室吗？No.Hehasgonetothelaboratory.是的。他去实验室了。()WhereisMrLi?Ihavesomethingimportanttotellhim.You_______findhim.He_______Japan.A.won't;hasgoneto B.maynot;hasbeentoC.may;hasgoneto D.can't;hasbeento3)Weusehave/hasbeenintoexpresstheideathatsomeonewenttoaplaceandstayedthereforaperiodoftime.辨析：TheyhavebeentoSuzhoubefore.以前去过苏州TheyhavegonetoSuzhou.去了苏州TheyhavebeeninSuzhouforfiveyears.他们去苏州5年了HeknowsmuchaboutSuzhou.(不仅去了苏州，而且已经待了5年还没有离开)

MaryandherfamilyhavebeenintheUSAsincetwoyearsago.玛丽和她的家人自从2年前就去了美国。（两年前就去美国了，现在还在美国没回来）【巩固练习】选择have/hasbeento;have/hasgoneto;have/hasbeenin填空

1.Millieisn’there.She___________thelibrary.

2.PeterandSimon________just________thelibrary.Theyborrowedsomeinterestingbooks.

3.Mycousin__________Xi’antwice

4.Myparents________Xi’anandtheywillstaythereforaweek.

5.Danielwon’tbewithusattheparty.He_________Shanghai.

6.He________Beijingforayear.

2.for和since的区别:a.for和表示一段时间的词组连用。eg.forsixhours/ninedays/twoweeks/thirtyyearsWehavelivedinChinaforabouttenyears.我们住在中国大约有十年了。()Youplaythepianosowell.Howlonghaveyoulearnedit?_______tenyears.A．In B．By C．For D．Sinceb.since和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用eg._____threemonths______twoweeksago,_______1998,______lastSundaysince可作介词和连词用，意为“自…以来”，用于现在完成时，主要有以下三种情况：①since＋过去的时间点HehasbeenillsincelastMonday.他自上周一开始就病了。②since＋时间段＋agoHehaslearnedEnglishsincetenyearsago.他自从十年前就学英语了。③since＋从句（一般过去时）Wehavebeenneigbourssincehewasborn.自他出生起我们就是邻居。since还可以引导时间状语从句，表示“自从…..以来”，这是连词。eg.自从他出生以来，他就住在这儿。Hehaslivedheresince.3.短暂性动词和延续性动词：1）概念：动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为短暂性动词和延续性动词。短暂性动词:表示不能延续的动作如open,close,finish,begin,e,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy等。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。2）延续性动词的用法特征a.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，可与表示"段时间"的状语连用(since和for引导的短语)。如fortwoyears,duringthepastthreeyears,sincelastyear,howlong等。b.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。Eg：Itraindateightyesterdaymorning.(误)rain为延续性动词，而ateight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。可改为：Itbegantorain/wasrainingateightyesterdaymorning.(正)3)短暂性动词的用法特征:Ⅰ短暂性动词可用于现在完成时，表示某一动作完成。如：Thetrainhasarrived.火车到了。Haveyoujoinedtheputergroup?你加入电脑小组了吗？Ⅱ短暂性动词表示的动作极其短暂，要转换为对应的延续性动词才可以和表示一段时间的状语连用(否定句除外)。如：他死了三年了。误：Hehasdiedforthreeyears.正：Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.正：Hediedthreeyearsago.正：Itisthreeyearssincehedied.正：Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied.他来这儿五天了。误：Hehasehereforfivedays.正：Hehasbeenhereforfivedays.正：Hecameherefivedaysago.正：Itisfivedayssincehecamehere.正：Fivedayshaspassedsincehecamehere.Ⅲ.短暂性动词不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。可以采用下面的四种方法：㈠将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词p书28Eg.e/go/arrive→bein/at，leave→beawayfrom,borrow→keep,buy→have,begin/start→beon,die→bedead,moveto→livein,stop/finish→beover,join→bein/beamemberof,getmarried→bemarried,fallill→beill,getup→beup,catchacold→haveacold，open/close→beopen/beclosed,turnon/off→beon/off,lose→have／hasbeenlost()①(2013．衡阳)一Lookatthesestamps.I_______themforfiveyears.Wow,theyarewonderful.A.kept B.havekept C.havebought()②(2013．泸州)He_______Luzhouforthreemonths.A．hasleft B．hasetoC.hasgoneto D.hasbeenawayfrom㈡将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语eg.Iboughtadresslastweek.㈢用句型"Itis+段时间+since..."表达原意，㈣用句型"时间+haspassed+since..."表达原意Ⅳ.短暂性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态如：Hehasn’tleftheresince1986.Ihaven’theardfrommyfatherfortwoweeks.【练习】一.动词填空1.She__________(be)awayfromhomeforalmostfouryears.2.Thesun__________(rise)intheeast.3.Youlooktired.Stop__________(work)and__________（have）arest,4.I__________(nothear)fromyouforalongtime.5.Mybrother__________(be)toEnglishtwice.6.MrGreen__________(note)backtoChinayet.7.Who__________(teach)youmathlastterm?8.They__________(go)totheshoppingcenteralready.9.Listen,XiaoLi__________(sing)inthenextroom.10.They__________(play)footballwhenIwalkedpast.二.单项选择()1.Howlonghaveyou_______?