2024届北京市海淀区高三下学期一模英语试题_第1页
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英语试题第一部分知识运用(共两节,30分)第一节(共10小题,每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Itwas4:30pm.AsIwaspackingup,Inoticedmycolleaguehadlefthislaptopbagintheoffice.SoIdecidedtobringittohim.Ittookmeabout15minutestogettohishouse,whereI1thebagandgotrightbackontheroad.SuddenlyasnowstormcameandwithinminutesIwasinawhiteout.IstoppedbecauseIwasafraidofdrivingintoafarmer’sfield,orworse.Ikeptthecar2tostaywarmandcalled911.Theytoldmetosittightandwaitthingsoutforthenight.Thosesecondsafterthecallwere3.Breathe,Itoldmyself.Panickingwon’thelp.Itextedmycolleague,jokingaboutmygooddeedendingin4.HesuggestedIshareasatelliteviewofmy5onmysocialmedia.AndIdidso,prayingthatanyonewhoknewtheresidentsofthenearbyfarmscouldgetmerescued.Waitinginthecar,Idoubtedwhether6wouldbeabletocome.Soonenough,though,Igotamessagefromsomeonewhowasgoingtoputmeintouchwiththem.At8pm,Isawatallfigureinayellowraincoatstridingtowardmeinthedark,carryingaflashlight.I’dneverbeenmore7toseesomeoneinmylife.ItwasAndréBouvier,who’dwalkedabout550yardstocomegetme,fightingthewindandsnoweachstepoftheway.Heturnedaroundandstartedtotrudgethroughthesnow,sureofthedirection.Idrovebehindhim,feelingmyheartbegintobeatmore8.Whenwereachedhishouse,Iburstintotears,allmyfearsturningintoreliefand9.Theexperiencehasbeenagamechangerforme.Inow10challengeswithasenseofcalmI’dnotknownbefore.Butbestofall,itbroughtAndréintomylife.1.A.droppedoff B.filledup C.setaside D.putaway2.A.locked B.parked C.signaling D.running3.A.painful B.critical C.disappointing D.impressive4.A.failure B.smoke C.disaster D.mystery5.A.route B.location C.direction D.destination6.A.news B.help C.hope D.faith7.A.satisfied B.surprised C.relieved D.worried8.A.slowly B.excitedly C.nervously D.strongly9.A.recognition B.admiration C.satisfaction D.appreciation10.A.identify B.present C.approach D.anticipate第二节(共10小题,每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AAparent’snightmareturnedtoreliefinFloridaaspolicemenswiftlyrescuedamissingfive-year-oldgirlwithautism.Thelocalpolicelaunchedadesperatesearch,11(use)airandgroundefforts.Thermalimaging(热成像)12(lead)tothediscoveryofherinaswampyarea.Abody-worncameracapturedtheheroicmomentofherrescue.13policemen’squickresponse,shewasfoundunharmed.Thepublicpraisedtheteam’sefficiencyinturning14couldhavebeenatragedyintoaheartwarmingreunion.BLi-ionbatteriesstorealotofenergyinasmallamountofspace.Whenthatenergyisreleasedinanuncontrolledmanner,itgeneratesheat,15cantransformcertaininternalbatterycomponentsintoburnablegases.Consumersshouldpurchasebatteriesthatareonlylistedbyanationally16(recognize)testinglaboratoryandstopusingthedeviceifthebatteryshowssignsofdamage,suchasanunusualsmell,excessiveheat,poppingsoundsorchangeincolor.Amongalltheplacestochargethesedevices,17(safe)oneisoutdoorsawayfromanystructureandnotindirectsunlight.CForbrandstosucceed,theymustgraspandadapttoevolvingconsumertaste.Overthepastdecade,China18(witness)ashiftinconsumerbehaviormarkedbytheriseofguochao,atrendemphasizingnationalisticbranding.Chineseconsumersdisplayedastrong19(prefer)forlocally-madeproducts.Therefore,it’scrucialforbrandstogenuinelycomprehendandhonorlocalcustoms,traditions,andvalues.WhileintegratingChineseelementsintomarketingstrategiescanbeeffective,itshouldbehandledthoughtfully20(avoid)culturalinsensitivity.第二部分阅读理解(共两节,38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWithallthedietaryinformationonline,itcanbehardtoknowwhattipstofollow.Watchoutforthesewordsandexpressions.FatIsGoodItdoesn’tmatterifyouarepartofthefatisGOODforyouorBADforyougroup,theimportantquestiontoaskisthesourceofthefat.Ifitcomesfromaland-basedanimal,andislikelytobesolidatroomtemperature,thenitissaturated(饱和的)fatwhereasifitcomesfromfishorplants,anditislikelytobeliquidatroomtemperature,thenitisunsaturatedfat.Alltheevidenceindicatesthateatingmoreunsaturatedfatthansaturatedfatlowersyourriskofdyingearly.NaturalSugarIsBetterThevastmajorityofsugarweconsumeissucrose(蔗糖).Itisthewhitepowderedstuffwecookwithandismadeupofglucoseandfructose.Howaboutsugarfromhoney?Itisoftenmarketedasnaturalandbetterforyou.Actually,itjusthasitsowndistinctflavour,butisassweetbecauseofglucoseandfructose.High-pHWaterSomepeoplethinkweneedtoeatalkali(碱)foodtomaintainourbloodatapHof7.4.Buteverythingweeatordrinkpassesthroughthestomach,which,atapHof1.5,isthemostacidicpartofthebody.ItisthenneutralisedtoapHof7.So,nothingweeatwillchangethepHofourblood.Don’tEatAnythingThatYouCan’tPronounceWhetherfoodsarenaturalorhighlyprocessed,theyareallfullofchemicals.Areyousupposedtofear“phenylthiocarbamide”,becauseyoucan’tpronounceit?Thisissimplythechemicalresponsibleforthebittertastefoundinbrassicas,theplantsinthecabbageandmustardfamily.Don’tEatFoodWithMoreThanFiveIngredients(佐料)Simplefoodsarenotnecessarilyhealthierforyou.IfI,forinstance,useChinesefivespicepowderinarecipe,thatwouldcountasoneofthefiveingredients.However,whatifIaddedthetypicalcomponentsoffivespicepowderseparatelyintoadish?Doesthatmeanmyrecipesuddenlybecomesbadbecauseithasmorethanfiveingredients?21.Accordingtothepassage,healthierfat______.A.canbefoundinfishandplants B.comesfromland-basedanimalsC.remainssolidatroomtemperature D.canlowerthedeathrateofelders22.Thepassagesuggeststhat______.A.dietscanhelpadjustthepHofourblood B.honeysugarcandomoregoodthansucroseC.foodswithmoreingredientsmaybeashealthy D.chemicalswecanrecognizearesafertotakein23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tocomparetipsonfoodchoices. B.Tointroducedifferenthealthconcepts.C.Torecommendfitnessrecipestoreaders. D.Towarnusofsomedietarymisunderstandings.BAtmyfirstlessoninChinesecalligraphy,myteachertoldmeplainly:“NowIwillteachyouhowtowriteyourname.Andtomakeitbeautiful.”Ifeltmybreathcatch.Iwascurious.GrowingupinSingapore,IhadanunusualrelationshipwithmyChinesename.MyparentsareethnicallyChinese,sotheyaskedfortunetellerstodecidemyname,aimingformaximumluck.Asaresult,Iendedupwithanonsenseandembarrassingname:ChenYiwen,meaning,roughly,“old”,“barley(薏米)”and“warm”.WhenIarrivedinAmericaforcollegeat18,IputonanAmericanaccentandabandonedmyChinesename.WhenImovedtoHongKongin2021,after14yearsintheStates,Idecidedtolearncalligraphy.Whynotgetbackintouchwithmyheritage?Ithought.Incalligraphy,theideaistocopytheoldmasters’techniques,therebyrefiningyourown.Everyweek,though,myteacherwouldgiveuncomfortablyon-the-noseassessmentsofmyperson.“Youneedtobebraver,”heonceobserved.“Haveconfidence.Trytoproduceaboldstroke(笔画).”Foryears,Ihadpridedmyselfonpresentinganimageofconfidence,butmywritingbetrayedme.Iwastryingtomakesenseofthispractice.Youmustvisualizethewordasitistobewrittenandleaveatraceofyourselfinit.Asabodilypractice,calligraphycouldgobeyonditsownculturalrestrictions.Couldithelpmegobeyondmine?Myteacheroncesaidtome,“Whenyoulookattheword,youseethebody.Thoughawordonthepageistwo-dimensional,itcontainsmultitudes,conveyingtheforceyou’veapplied,theenergyofyourgrip,thearchofyourspine.”Ihadbeenlearningcalligraphytogetintouchwithmyculturalroots,butwhatIwasreallyseekingwasareturntomyself.NowIhavesensedthatthepleasureoutofcalligraphyallowsmetoknowmyselfmorefully.Duringarecentlesson,myteacherpointedatthewordIhadjustfinished,tellingme:“Thiswordismuchbetter.Icanseethechoicesyoumade,yourcalculations,yourflow.Trustyourself.Thiswordisyours.”Hemightaswellhavesaid,“Thiswordisyou.”24.Whatdidtheauthorinitiallythinkofhername“ChenYiwen”?A.Itwasluckysoshegladlyacceptedit. B.Shefeltproudofitssymbolicmeaning.C.Sheunderstoodtheintentionbutstilldislikedit. D.Itsstrangepronunciationmadeherembarrassed.25.Theauthordecidedtolearncalligraphyto______.A.pickupanewhobby B.reconnectwithheroriginC.gaininsightsintoanewculture D.fitinwithlocalcommunity26.Fromtheteacher’swords,theauthorlearnsthatcalligraphy______.A.reflectsthecreator’sspirits B.comesfromcreativeenergyC.highlightsthedesignofstrokes D.dependsoncontinuouspractice27.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Appreciatewhatourcultureoffers. B.Findbeautyfromyourinnerself.C.Agreatteacherleadsyoutotruth. D.Wearethesumofwhatwecreate.CResearchershopebrainimplantswillonedayhelppeoplewithaphasia(失语症)togettheirvoiceback—andmaybeeventosing.Now,forthefirsttime,scientistshavedemonstratedthatthebrain’selectricalactivitycanbedecodedandusedtoreconstructmusic.Anewstudyanalyzeddatafrom29peoplemonitoredforepilepticseizures(癫痫发作),usingelectrodes(电极)onthesurfaceoftheirbrain.Asparticipantslistenedtoaselectedsong,electrodescapturedbrainactivityrelatedtomusicalelements,suchastone,rhythm,andlyrics.Employingmachinelearning,RobertKnightfromUCBerkeleyandhiscolleaguesreconstructedwhattheparticipantswerehearingandpublishedtheirstudyresults.Thepaperisthefirsttosuggestthatscientistscan“listensecretlyto”thebraintosynthesize(合成)music.Toturnbrainactivitydataintomusicalsound,researcherstrainedanartificialintelligence(AI)modeltodecodedatacapturedfromthousandsofelectrodesthatwereattachedtotheparticipantsastheylistenedtothesongwhileundergoingsurgery.Oncethebraindatawerefedthroughthemodel,themusicreturned.Themodelalsorevealedsomebrainpartsrespondingtodifferentmusicalfeaturesofthesong.Althoughthefindingsfocusedonmusic,theresearchersexpecttheirresultstobemostusefulfortranslatingbrainwavesintohumanspeech.LudovicBellier,thestudy’sleadauthor,explainsthatspeech,regardlessoflanguage,hassmallmelodicdifferences—tempo,stress,accents,andintonation—knownasprosody(韵律).Theseelementscarrymeaningthatwecan’tcommunicatewithwordsalone.Hehopesthemodelwillimprovebrain-computerinterfaces(BCI),assistivedevicesthatrecordspeech-associatedbrainwavesandusealgorithmstoreconstructintendedmessages.Thistechnology,stillinitsinfancy,couldhelppeoplewhohavelosttheabilitytospeakbecauseofaphasia.Futureresearchshouldinvestigatewhetherthesemodelscanbeexpandedfrommusicthatparticipantshaveheardtoimaginedinternalspeech.Ifabrain-computerinterfacecouldrecreatesomeone’sspeechwiththeprosodyandemotionalweightfoundinmusic,itcouldofferarichercommunicationexperiencebeyondmerewords.Severalbarriersremainbeforewecanputthistechnologyinthehands—orbrains—ofpatients.Thecurrentmodelreliesonsurgicalimplants.Asrecordingtechniquesimprove,thehopeistogatherdatanon-invasively,possiblyusingultrasensitiveelectrodes.However,undercurrenttechnologies,thisapproachmightresultinalowerspeedofdecodingintonaturalspeech.Theresearchersalsohopetoimprovetheplaybackclaritybypackingtheelectrodesclosertogetheronthebrain’ssurface,enablinganevenmoredetailedlookattheelectricalsymphonythebrainproduces.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A.Electrodescananalyzemusicalelements.B.Thedecodingofbraindatahelpsrecreatemusic.C.Machinelearninggreatlyenhancesbrainactivity.D.TheAImodelmonitorsmusic-responsivebrainregions.29.Whathopefullymakesitpossibletoexpandthemodeltospeech?A.Theprosodyofspeech. B.Thecollectionofbrainwaves.C.Theemotionalweightofmusic. D.Thereconstructionofinformation.30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.UnlockingtheSecretsofMelodicMind B.BrainSymphony:SynthesizedHumanSpeechC.BCIBringsHopetoPeoplewithAphasia D.RemarkableJourney:DecodingBrainwithAID“Assumeyouarewrong.”TheadvicecamefromBrianNosek,apsychologyprofessor,whowasofferingastrategyforpursuingbetterscience.TounderstandthecontextforNosek’sadvice,weneedtotakeastepbacktothenatureofscienceitself.Youseedespitewhatmanyofuslearnedinelementaryschool,thereisnosinglescientificmethod.Justasscientifictheoriesbecomeelaboratedandchange,sodoscientificmethods.Butmethodologicalreformhasn’tcomewithoutsomefrettingandfriction.Nastythingshavebeensaidbyandaboutmethodologicalreformers.Fewpeoplelikehavingthevalueoftheirlife’sworkcalledintoquestion.Ontheotherside,fewpeoplearegoodatvoicingcriticismsinkindandconstructiveways.So,partofthechallengeisfiguringouthowtobakecriticalself-reflectionintothecultureofscienceitself,soitunfoldsasawelcomeandintegratedpartoftheprocess,andnotanembarrassingsideshow.WhatNosekrecommendedwasastrategyforchangingthewayweofferandrespondtocritique.Assumingyouarerightmightbeamotivatingforce,sustainingtheenormouseffortthatconductingscientificworkrequires.Butitalsomakesiteasytointerpretcriticismsaspersonalattacks.Beginning,instead,fromtheassumptionyouarewrong,acriticismiseasiertointerpretasaconstructivesuggestionforhowtobelesswrong—agoalthatyourcriticpresumablyshares.Oneworryaboutthisapproachisthatitcouldbedemoralizingforscientists.Strivingtobelesswrongmightbealesseffectivemotivationthanthepromiseofbeingright.Anotherconcernisthatastrategythatworkswellwithinsciencecouldbackfirewhenitcomestocommunicatingsciencewiththepublic.Withoutanappreciationforhowscienceworks,it’seasytotakeuncertaintyordisagreementsasmarksagainstscience,wheninfacttheyreflectsomeoftheveryfeaturesofsciencethatmakeitourbestapproachtoreachingreliableconclusionsabouttheworld.Scienceisreliablebecauseitrespondstoevidence:asthequantityandqualityofourevidenceimproves,ourtheoriescanandshouldchange,too.Despitetheseworries,IlikeNosek’ssuggestionbecauseitbuildsincognitivehumilityalongwithasensethatwecandobetter.Italsobuildsinasenseofcommunity—we’reallinthesameboatwhenitcomestofallingshortofgettingthingsright.Unfortunately,thisstillleavesuswithanuntestedhypothesis(假说):thatassumingoneiswrongcanchangecommunitynormsforthebetter,andultimatelysupportbetterscienceandeven,perhaps,betterdecisionsinlife.Idon’tknowifthat’strue.Infact,Ishouldprobablyassumethatit’swrong.Butwiththebenefitofthescientificcommunityandourbestmethodologicaltools,Ihopewecangetitlesswrong,together.31.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A.Reformerstendtodevalueresearchers’work.B.Scientistsareunwillingtoexpresskindcriticisms.C.Peopleholdwrongassumptionsaboutthecultureofscience.D.Thescientificcommunityshouldpracticecriticalself-reflection.32.Thestrategyof“assumingyouarewrong”maycontributeto______.A.theenormouseffortsofscientistsatwork B.thereliabilityofpotentialresearchresultsC.thepublic’spassionforscientificfindings D.theimprovementinthequalityofevidence33.Theunderlinedword“demoralizing”inParagraph5means______.A.discouraging B.ineffective C.unfair D.misleading34.Thetonetheauthorusesintalkingabouttheuntestedhypothesisis______.A.doubtfulbutsincere B.disapprovingbutsoftC.authoritativeanddirect D.reflectiveandhumorous第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whenyougetinacar,youexpectitwillhavefunctioningbrakes.Whenyoupickupmedicineatthedrugstore,youexpectitwon’tbepolluted.Butitwasn’talwayslikethis.Thesafetyoftheseproductswasterriblewhentheyfirstcametomarket.Ittookmuchresearchandregulationtofigureouthowuserscanenjoythebenefitsoftheseproductswithoutgettingharmed.35Socialmediarisksareeverywhere.Thedangersthatalgorithmsdesignedtomaximizeattentionrepresenttoteenshavebecomeimpossibletoignore.Otherproductdesignelements,oftencalled“darkpatterns,”designedtokeeppeopleusingforlonger,alsoappeartotipyoungusersintosocialmediaoveruse.36Theysayit’stheirusers’faultforengagingwithharmfulcontentinthefirstplace,evenifthoseusersarechildrenorthecontentisfinancialtrickery.Theyalsoclaimtobedefendingfreespeech.37UndertheDigitalServicesAct,whichcameintoeffectinEuropethisyear,platformsarerequiredtotakeactiontostopthespreadofillegalcontentandcanbefinedupto6percentoftheirglobalincomesiftheydon’tdoso.Ifthislawisenforced,maintainingthesafetyoftheiralgorithmsandnetworkswillbethemostfinanciallysounddecisionforplatformstomake.Despitetheseefforts,twothingsareclear.First,onlinesafetyproblemsareleadingtoreal,offlinesuffering.Second,socialmediacompaniescan’t,orwon’t,solvethesesafetyproblemsontheirown.38Evensafetyissueslikecyberbullyingthatwethoughtweresolvedcanpoprightbackup.Asoursocietymovesonlinetoanever-greaterdegree,theideathatanyone,eventeens,canjust“stayoffsocialmedia”becomeslessandlessrealistic.39A.Andthoseproblemsaren’tgoingaway.B.Thecurrentissuesaren’treallyaboutofflinesuffering.C.Platformsalreadyhavesystemstoremoveviolentorharmfulcontent.D.Similarly,socialmedianeedsproductsafetystandardstokeepuserssafe.E.It’stimeweshouldrequiresocialmediatotakesafetyseriously,foreveryone’ssake.F.Internetplatforms,however,haveshiftedblameontheconsumerswhenevercriticized.G.Someauthoritiesaretakingstepstoholdsocialmediaplatformsaccountableforthecontent.第三部分书面表达(共两节,32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分)阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域内作答。Asakid,IdreamedofbecomingamarinebiologistandIlivedoutthisfantasybysettingupaquariums(鱼缸)athome.Then,at20,IwasintroducedtophotographerDavidLiittschwager,whohiredmetohelphimwithamagazineassignmentonmarinelife.David’sassignmentwastodocumenttheamazingbiodiversityfoundintheocean.Myrolewastocollectspeciesforhimtophotograph.Everynight,Iwouldcastafloatinglamp.Likemothsdrawntoaflame,mysteriouscreatureswouldemergefromthedepthsinsearchofthislight.I’dthensetupaquariumstohousethemastheywaitedforDavidtotaketheirshot.ThoseeveningsmademefeelasifIwereonanotherplanet.Ihadneverimaginedsuchstrangelife-formscouldexistinouroceans.ButIdidn’tgraspthetruemagicofwhatwasinfrontofmeuntilIsawthephotographsDavidtook.Thebigg

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