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英语阅读(一)年月真题
0059520164
1、【单选题】**Passage1****_Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowing
passage._**Iwasbominapleasantoldcolonialhousebuiltnear1750,and
boughtbymygrandfathersixtyorseventyyearsago.Hejoinedagroupof
acquaintanceswhowereengagedintheflourishingWestIndiantradeofthattime.
Formanyyearshekeptandextendedhisinterestsinshipping,buildingshipsand
buyinglargequantitiesoftimber,andsendingitdowntheriverandthentothe
sea.Thebusinesswasstillinexistenceinmyearlychildhood,soIcamein
contactwiththeup-countrypeoplewhosoldtimberaswellaswiththesailors
andshipmastersoftheothersideofthebusiness.Iusedtolingeraboutthe
busycountrystores,andlistentothelivelycountrytalk.Inmygrandfather’s
businesshousehold,myfatherhadtakentohisbook,asoldpeoplesaid,andgone
tocollegeandbegunthatdevotiontothestudyofmedicinewhichonlyendedwith
hislife.Hegavememyfirstandbestknowledgeofbooksbyhisowndelightand
dependenceuponthem,andruledmyearlyattemptsatwritingbyhisgoodtaste.
"Don'ttrytowriteaboutpeopleandthings,tellthemjustastheyare!"How
oftenmyyoungearsheardthesewordswithoutcomprehendingthem!ButwhileIwas
tooyoungandthoughtlesstoshareinanenthusiasmforSterneorFielding,and
SmollettorDonQuixote,mymotherandgrandmotherwereleadingmeintothe
pleasantwaysofPrideandPrejudice,andTheScenesofClericalLife,andthe
delightfulstoriesofMrs.Oliphant.Whenthetimecamethatmyownworldof
imaginationwasmorerealtomethananyother,Iwassometimesperplexedatmy
father'sdirectingmyattentiontocertainpointsofinterestinthecharacteror
surroundingsofouracquaintances.Icannothelpbelievingthatherecognized,
longbeforeIdidmyself,inwhatdirectionthecurrentofpurposeinmylifewas
setting.Now,asIwritemysketchesofcountrylife,Irememberagainandagain
thewisethingshesaid,andthesightshemademesee.Imayhaveinherited
somethingofmyfather’sknowledgeofhumannature,butmyfatherneverlosta
chanceoftryingtoteachmetoobserve.Ioweagreatdealtohispatiencewith
alittlegirlgivenfarmoretodreamsthantoaccuracy,andwithperhaps
toolittlenaturalsympathyforthedreamsofothers.Whichstatementistrueof
theauthor’sgrandfather?
Hebuilttheoldcolonialhousearound1750.
Hewasemployedbythebusycountrystores.
A:
Hetookgreatinterestinneighborhoodaffairs.
B:
Hemademoneybybuyingandsellingtimber.
C:
D:
答案:D
2、【单选题】**Passage1****_Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowing
passage._**Iwasbominapleasantoldcolonialhousebuiltnear1750,and
boughtbymygrandfathersixtyorseventyyearsago.Hejoinedagroupof
acquaintanceswhowereengagedintheflourishingWestIndiantradeofthattime.
Formanyyearshekeptandextendedhisinterestsinshipping,buildingshipsand
buyinglargequantitiesoftimber,andsendingitdowntheriverandthentothe
sea.Thebusinesswasstillinexistenceinmyearlychildhood,soIcamein
contactwiththeup-countrypeoplewhosoldtimberaswellaswiththesailors
andshipmastersoftheothersideofthebusiness.Iusedtolingeraboutthe
busycountrystores,andlistentothelivelycountrytalk.Inmygrandfather’s
businesshousehold,myfatherhadtakentohisbook,asoldpeoplesaid,andgone
tocollegeandbegunthatdevotiontothestudyofmedicinewhichonlyendedwith
hislife.Hegavememyfirstandbestknowledgeofbooksbyhisowndelightand
dependenceuponthem,andruledmyearlyattemptsatwritingbyhisgoodtaste.
"Don'ttrytowriteaboutpeopleandthings,tellthemjustastheyare!"How
oftenmyyoungearsheardthesewordswithoutcomprehendingthem!ButwhileIwas
tooyoungandthoughtlesstoshareinanenthusiasmforSterneorFielding,and
SmollettorDonQuixote,mymotherandgrandmotherwereleadingmeintothe
pleasantwaysofPrideandPrejudice,andTheScenesofClericalLife,andthe
delightfulstoriesofMrs.Oliphant.Whenthetimecamethatmyownworldof
imaginationwasmorerealtomethananyother,Iwassometimesperplexedatmy
father'sdirectingmyattentiontocertainpointsofinterestinthecharacteror
surroundingsofouracquaintances.Icannothelpbelievingthatherecognized,
longbeforeIdidmyself,inwhatdirectionthecurrentofpurposeinmylifewas
setting.Now,asIwritemysketchesofcountrylife,Irememberagainandagain
thewisethingshesaid,andthesightshemademesee.Imayhaveinherited
somethingofmyfather’sknowledgeofhumannature,butmyfatherneverlosta
chanceoftryingtoteachmetoobserve.Ioweagreatdealtohispatiencewith
alittlegirlgivenfarmoretodreamsthantoaccuracy,andwithperhaps
toolittlenaturalsympathyforthedreamsofothers.InParagraph1,'theother
sideofthebusiness'refersto____.
buildingships
sailingships
A:
buyingtimber
B:
sellingtimber
C:
答D:案:C
3、【单选题】**Passage1****_Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowing
passage._**Iwasborninapleasantoldcolonialhousebuiltnear1750,and
boughtbymygrandfathersixtyorseventyyearsago.Hejoinedagroupof
acquaintanceswhowereengagedintheflourishingWestIndiantradeofthattime.
Formanyyearshekeptandextendedhisinterestsinshipping,buildingshipsand
buyinglargequantitiesoftimber,andsendingitdowntheriverandthentothe
sea.Thebusinesswasstillinexistenceinmyearlychildhood,soIcame
incontactwiththeup-countrypeoplewhosoldtimberaswellaswiththe
sailorsandshipmastersoftheothersideofthebusiness.Iusedtolingerabout
thebusycountrystores,andlistentothelivelycountrytalk.Inmy
grandfather’sbusinesshousehold,myfatherhadtakentohisbook,asoldpeople
said,andgonetocollegeandbegunthatdevotiontothestudyofmedicinewhich
onlyendedwithhislife.Hegavememyfirstandbestknowledgeofbooksby
hisowndelightanddependenceuponthem,andruledmyearlyattemptsatwritingby
hisgoodtaste."Don'ttrytowriteaboutpeopleandthings,tellthemjustas
theyare!"Howoftenmyyoungearsheardthesewordswithoutcomprehendingthem!
ButwhileIwastooyoungandthoughtlesstoshareinanenthusiasmforSterneor
Fielding,andSmollettorDonQuixote,mymotherandgrandmotherwereleadingme
intothepleasantwaysofPrideandPrejudice,andTheScenesofClericalLife,
andthedelightfulstoriesofMrs.Oliphant.Whenthetimecamethatmyownworld
ofimaginationwasmorerealtomethananyother,Iwassometimesperplexedatmy
father'sdirectingmyattentiontocertainpointsofinterestinthecharacteror
surroundingsofouracquaintances.Icannothelpbelievingthatherecognized,
longbeforeIdidmyself,inwhatdirectionthecurrentofpurposeinmylifewas
setting.Now,asIwritemysketchesofcountrylife,Irememberagainandagain
thewisethingshesaid,andthesightshemademesee.Imayhaveinherited
somethingofmyfather’sknowledgeofhumannature,butmyfatherneverlosta
chanceoftryingtoteachmetoobserve.Ioweagreatdealtohispatiencewitha
littlegirlgivenfarmoretodreamsthantoaccuracy,andwithperhapstoolittle
naturalsympathyforthedreamsofothers.Whattheauthorcherishesmostabout
herfatherishis____.
devotiontomedicine
adviceonwriting
A:
enthusiasmforliterature
B:
interestinbusiness
C:
答D:案:B
4、【单选题】**Passage1****_Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowing
passage._**Iwasbominapleasantoldcolonialhousebuiltnear1750,and
boughtbymygrandfathersixtyorseventyyearsago.Hejoinedagroupof
acquaintanceswhowereengagedintheflourishingWestIndiantradeofthattime.
Formanyyearshekeptandextendedhisinterestsinshipping,buildingshipsand
buyinglargequantitiesoftimber,andsendingitdowntheriverandthentothe
sea.Thebusinesswasstillinexistenceinmyearlychildhood,soIcamein
contactwiththeup-countrypeoplewhosoldtimberaswellaswiththesailors
andshipmastersoftheothersideofthebusiness.Iusedtolingeraboutthe
busycountrystores,andlistentothelivelycountrytalk.Inmygrandfather’s
businesshousehold,myfatherhadtakentohisbook,asoldpeoplesaid,andgone
tocollegeandbegunthatdevotiontothestudyofmedicinewhichonlyendedwith
hislife.Hegavememyfirstandbestknowledgeofbooksbyhisowndelightand
dependenceuponthem,andruledmyearlyattemptsatwritingbyhisgoodtaste.
"Don'ttrytowriteaboutpeopleandthings,tellthemjustastheyare!"How
oftenmyyoungearsheardthesewordswithoutcomprehendingthem!ButwhileIwas
tooyoungandthoughtlesstoshareinanenthusiasmforSterneorFielding,and
SmollettorDonQuixote,mymotherandgrandmotherwereleadingmeintothe
pleasantwaysofPrideandPrejudice,andTheScenesofClericalLife,andthe
delightfulstoriesofMrs.Oliphant.Whenthetimecamethatmyownworldof
imaginationwasmorerealtomethananyother,Iwassometimesperplexedatmy
father'sdirectingmyattentiontocertainpointsofinterestinthecharacteror
surroundingsofouracquaintances.Icannothelpbelievingthatherecognized,
longbeforeIdidmyself,inwhatdirectionthecurrentofpurposeinmylifewas
setting.Now,asIwritemysketchesofcountrylife,Irememberagainandagain
thewisethingshesaid,andthesightshemademesee.Imayhaveinherited
somethingofmyfather’sknowledgeofhumannature,butmyfatherneverlosta
chanceoftryingtoteachmetoobserve.Ioweagreatdealtohispatiencewith
alittlegirlgivenfarmoretodreamsthantoaccuracy,andwithperhaps
toolittlenaturalsympathyforthedreamsofothers.Asfaraswritingis
concerned,theauthor'sfatheremphasizedtheimportanceof____.
countrysettings
plentifulpatience
A:
wildimagination
B:
accurateobservation
C:
答D:案:D
5、【单选题】**Passage1****_Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowing
passage._**Iwasbominapleasantoldcolonialhousebuiltnear1750,and
boughtbymygrandfathersixtyorseventyyearsago.Hejoinedagroupof
acquaintanceswhowereengagedintheflourishingWestIndiantradeofthattime.
Formanyyearshekeptandextendedhisinterestsinshipping,buildingshipsand
buyinglargequantitiesoftimber,andsendingitdowntheriverandthentothe
sea.Thebusinesswasstillinexistenceinmyearlychildhood,soIcamein
contactwiththeup-countrypeoplewhosoldtimberaswellaswiththesailors
andshipmastersoftheothersideofthebusiness.Iusedtolingeraboutthe
busycountrystores,andlistentothelivelycountrytalk.Inmygrandfather’s
businesshousehold,myfatherhadtakentohisbook,asoldpeoplesaid,andgone
tocollegeandbegunthatdevotiontothestudyofmedicinewhichonlyendedwith
hislife.Hegavememyfirstandbestknowledgeofbooksbyhisowndelightand
dependenceuponthem,andruledmyearlyattemptsatwritingbyhisgoodtaste.
"Don'ttrytowriteaboutpeopleandthings,tellthemjustastheyare!"How
oftenmyyoungearsheardthesewordswithoutcomprehendingthem!ButwhileIwas
tooyoungandthoughtlesstoshareinanenthusiasmforSterneorFielding,and
SmollettorDonQuixote,mymotherandgrandmotherwereleadingmeintothe
pleasantwaysofPrideandPrejudice,andTheScenesofClericalLife,andthe
delightfulstoriesofMrs.Oliphant.Whenthetimecamethatmyownworldof
imaginationwasmorerealtomethananyother,Iwassometimesperplexedatmy
father'sdirectingmyattentiontocertainpointsofinterestinthecharacteror
surroundingsofouracquaintances.Icannothelpbelievingthatherecognized,
longbeforeIdidmyself,inwhatdirectionthecurrentofpurposeinmylifewas
setting.Now,asIwritemysketchesofcountrylife,Irememberagainandagain
thewisethingshesaid,andthesightshemademesee.Imayhaveinherited
somethingofmyfather’sknowledgeofhumannature,butmyfatherneverlosta
chanceoftryingtoteachmetoobserve.Ioweagreatdealtohispatiencewith
alittlegirlgivenfarmoretodreamsthantoaccuracy,andwithperhaps
toolittlenaturalsympathyforthedreamsofothers.Theauthorisprobably
knownforherwritingsabout.
countrylife
modembusiness
A:
colonialhistory
B:
old-timeseafaring
C:
答D:案:A
6、【单选题】**Passage2****_Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowing
passage._**Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthan
anyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmay
beunusualterritoryforeconomists,butenhancingwomen’scontribution
todevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.And
economics,withitsemphasisonincentives(激励),providesanexplanationforwhy
somanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailto
investintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomic
contributiontothefamily;girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse's
familyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandare
keptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecy
(预言)becomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircle(恶性循环)of
neglect.Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,earnsmoreandfacesan
entirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthier
childrenandinsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthather
daughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesit
muchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,will
beeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoa
virtuouscircle.Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits,
butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthe
directeffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to
20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsare
impressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejust
thebeginning.Accordingtotheauthor,educatinggirlsindevelopingcountries
may____.
bemorerewardingthanexpected
causeannoyingproblemsanddifficulties
A:
bringtoanendsocialandeconomicproblems
B:
bringafamilyintoafinanciallydifficultsituation
C:
答D:案:A
7、【单选题】**Passage2****_Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowing
passage._**Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthan
anyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmay
beunusualterritoryforeconomists,butenhancingwomen’scontribution
todevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.And
economics,withitsemphasisonincentives(激励),providesanexplanationforwhy
somanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailto
investintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomic
contributiontothefamily;girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse's
familyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandare
keptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecy
(预言)becomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircle(恶性循环)of
neglect.Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,earnsmoreandfacesan
entirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthier
childrenandinsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthather
daughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesit
muchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,will
beeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoa
virtuouscircle.Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits,
butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthe
directeffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to
20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsare
impressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejust
thebeginning.Bysaying“…theprophecybecomesself-fulfillinginParagraph2,
theauthormeansthatgirlswill____.
befoundlessvaluablethanboys
findtheirgoalsinlifeunreachable
A:
bediscontentedwiththeirlifeathome
B:
becapableofrealizingtheirowndreams
C:
答D:案:A
8、【单选题】**Passage2****_Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowing
passage._**Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthan
anyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmay
beunusualterritoryforeconomists,butenhancingwomen’scontribution
todevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.And
economics,withitsemphasisonincentives(激励),providesanexplanationforwhy
somanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailto
investintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomic
contributiontothefamily;girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse's
familyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandare
keptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecy
(预言)becomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircle(恶性循环)of
neglect.Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,earnsmoreandfacesan
entirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthier
childrenandinsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthather
daughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesit
muchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,will
beeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoa
virtuouscircle.Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits,
butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthe
directeffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to
20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsare
impressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejust
thebeginning.Intheauthor'sopinion,aviciouscirclecanturnintoavirtuous
circlewhen_____.
therearemoredaughtersinafamily
afamilyisrichenoughtoeducateboys
A:
afamilyhasmorebuthealthierchildren
B:
C:
mothersknowtheimportanceofeducatinggirls
答D:案:D
9、【单选题】**Passage2****_Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowing
passage._**Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthan
anyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmay
beunusualterritoryforeconomists,butenhancingwomen’scontribution
todevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.And
economics,withitsemphasisonincentives(激励),providesanexplanationforwhy
somanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailto
investintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomic
contributiontothefamily;girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse's
familyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandare
keptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecy
(预言)becomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircle(恶性循环)of
neglect.Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,earnsmoreandfacesan
entirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthier
childrenandinsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthather
daughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesit
muchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,will
beeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoa
virtuouscircle.Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits,
butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthe
directeffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to
20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsare
impressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejust
thebeginning.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomenseducation?
Itisthemostimportantsocialissue.
Itisnowgiventoppriorityindevelopingcountries.
A:
Ityieldsgreaterreturnsthanotherknowninvestments.
B:
Ithasarousedtheinterestofagrowingnumberofeconomists.
C:
答D:案:C
10、【单选题】**Passage2****_Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowing
passage._**Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthan
anyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmay
beunusualterritoryforeconomists,butenhancingwomen’scontribution
todevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.And
economics,withitsemphasisonincentives(激励),providesanexplanationforwhy
somanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailto
investintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomic
contributiontothefamily;girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse's
familyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandare
keptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecy
(预言)becomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircle(恶性循环)of
neglect.Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,earnsmoreandfacesan
entirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthier
childrenandinsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthather
daughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesit
muchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,will
beeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoa
virtuouscircle.Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits,
butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthe
directeffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to
20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsare
impressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejust
thebeginning.Thispassagemainlydiscusses______.
theeconomicbenefitsofeducatingwomen
thesocialcontributionsofeducatedwomen
A:
thepoliticalinfluenceofwell-educatedwomen
B:
theunfairtreatmentofgirlsindevelopingcountries
C:
答D:案:A
11、【单选题】**Passage3****_Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowing
passage._**ThehistoryoftheU.S.fromLincoln’sdeathtothewaveof
assassinationsinthe1960scanbeseenasastruggletorealizeLincoln’svision
ofasocietywhosecitizensarenotheldbackbyparentageororigin.The
struggletosecurethischanceforallAmericanshasbeenbitterandbloody,and
itisfarfromover.AfterLincoln'sdeath,theFourteenthAmendmentpromised
thattheFederalUnionwouldguaranteetherightsofallpersonsagainst
violationbythestates.However,thisguaranteewasexploitedbybusiness
corporationswhileremainingahollowpromisetomillionsofactualpersons.Women
didnotgetthevoteuntilfiveamendmentslater,andtheirlegalrightswere
oftenlostinmarriage.Asforblacks,politicalequalityremainedmostly
somethingunrealuntilthepassageoftheVotingRightsActonehundredyears
afterLincoln’sdeath.ThestruggletorealizeLincoln'sidealwasundertakennot
onlybyworkersagainstcapitalbutalsobyimmigrantsagainstthepolitical
system.InlessthanonehumanlifespanfollowingtheCivilWar,theU.S.
absorbedagreatnumberofimmigrantswhoformedthenextwaveofwhatLincolnhad
called"prudentandpenniless"beginners.Theyfoundthatsocialservices
wereforgottenbyapoliticalsystemthatranongraft(腐败).Theriskofinjury,
disease,andearlydeathwerelargelyignored,forcingmillionstorelyon
themselves,onfamily,andonthecharityoffriends.Tosomewhowatchedthe
immigrantspourin,itseemedthatAmericawouldhavetoreorganizeitself
accordingtothemulticulturalprinciplethatwehearsomuchabouttoday.The
term“multiculturalism”waspopularizedbyHoraceKallen.Hewroteinhisbook
TheNationin1915thatwiththegrowthoflargeimmigrantcommunities,therate
ofmixedmarriagewoulddrop(hewaswrong)andthelikelihoodofanewAmerican
racewoulddecline.TheU.S.,hepredicted,wouldturnintoademocracyof
nationalitiesinwhich"selfhoodisancestrallydetermined."Tootherobservers,
however,thecountrywassimplyslidingintodisorder,asitseemedtoHenryAdams
in1905whenhelookedoutoftheclubwindowontheturmoilofFifthAvenueand
felthimselfinthedisorderlyRomeaswitnessedbyEmperorDiocletian.Lincoln
imaginedthattheU.S.wouldbeasocietyfreefromtheinfluenceofone’s____.
wealth
education
A:
heritage
B:
personality
C:
答D:案:C
12、【单选题】**Passage3****_Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowing
passage._**ThehistoryoftheU.S.fromLincoln’sdeathtothewaveof
assassinationsinthe1960scanbeseenasastruggletorealizeLincoln’svision
ofasocietywhosecitizensarenotheldbackbyparentageororigin.The
struggletosecurethischanceforallAmericanshasbeenbitterandbloody,and
itisfarfromover.AfterLincoln'sdeath,theFourteenthAmendmentpromised
thattheFederalUnionwouldguaranteetherightsofallpersonsagainst
violationbythestates.However,thisguaranteewasexploitedbybusiness
corporationswhileremainingahollowpromisetomillionsofactualpersons.Women
didnotgetthevoteuntilfiveamendmentslater,andtheirlegalrightswere
oftenlostinmarriage.Asforblacks,politicalequalityremainedmostly
somethingunrealuntilthepassageoftheVotingRightsActonehundredyears
afterLincoln’sdeath.ThestruggletorealizeLincoln'sidealwasundertakennot
onlybyworkersagainstcapitalbutalsobyimmigrantsagainstthepolitical
system.InlessthanonehumanlifespanfollowingtheCivilWar,theU.S.
absorbedagreatnumberofimmigrantswhoformedthenextwaveofwhatLincolnhad
called"prudentandpenniless"beginners.Theyfoundthatsocialservices
wereforgottenbyapoliticalsystemthatranongraft(腐败).Theriskofinjury,
disease,andearlydeathwerelargelyignored,forcingmillionstorelyon
themselves,onfamily,andonthecharityoffriends.Tosomewhowatchedthe
immigrantspourin,itseemedthatAmericawouldhavetoreorganizeitself
accordingtothemulticulturalprinciplethatwehearsomuchabouttoda
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