2016年4月自考00595英语阅读一试题及答案含解析

英语阅读（一）年月真题

0059520164

1、【单选题】**Passage1****_Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowing

passage._**Iwasbominapleasantoldcolonialhousebuiltnear1750,and

boughtbymygrandfathersixtyorseventyyearsago.Hejoinedagroupof

acquaintanceswhowereengagedintheflourishingWestIndiantradeofthattime.

Formanyyearshekeptandextendedhisinterestsinshipping,buildingshipsand

buyinglargequantitiesoftimber,andsendingitdowntheriverandthentothe

sea.Thebusinesswasstillinexistenceinmyearlychildhood,soIcamein

contactwiththeup-countrypeoplewhosoldtimberaswellaswiththesailors

andshipmastersoftheothersideofthebusiness.Iusedtolingeraboutthe

busycountrystores,andlistentothelivelycountrytalk.Inmygrandfather’s

businesshousehold，myfatherhadtakentohisbook，asoldpeoplesaid,andgone

tocollegeandbegunthatdevotiontothestudyofmedicinewhichonlyendedwith

hislife.Hegavememyfirstandbestknowledgeofbooksbyhisowndelightand

dependenceuponthem,andruledmyearlyattemptsatwritingbyhisgoodtaste.

"Don'ttrytowriteaboutpeopleandthings,tellthemjustastheyare!"How

oftenmyyoungearsheardthesewordswithoutcomprehendingthem!ButwhileIwas

tooyoungandthoughtlesstoshareinanenthusiasmforSterneorFielding,and

SmollettorDonQuixote,mymotherandgrandmotherwereleadingmeintothe

pleasantwaysofPrideandPrejudice,andTheScenesofClericalLife,andthe

delightfulstoriesofMrs.Oliphant.Whenthetimecamethatmyownworldof

imaginationwasmorerealtomethananyother,Iwassometimesperplexedatmy

father'sdirectingmyattentiontocertainpointsofinterestinthecharacteror

surroundingsofouracquaintances.Icannothelpbelievingthatherecognized,

longbeforeIdidmyself,inwhatdirectionthecurrentofpurposeinmylifewas

setting.Now,asIwritemysketchesofcountrylife,Irememberagainandagain

thewisethingshesaid,andthesightshemademesee.Imayhaveinherited

somethingofmyfather’sknowledgeofhumannature,butmyfatherneverlosta

chanceoftryingtoteachmetoobserve.Ioweagreatdealtohispatiencewith

alittlegirlgivenfarmoretodreamsthantoaccuracy,andwithperhaps

toolittlenaturalsympathyforthedreamsofothers.Whichstatementistrueof

theauthor’sgrandfather?

Hebuilttheoldcolonialhousearound1750.

Hewasemployedbythebusycountrystores.

A:

Hetookgreatinterestinneighborhoodaffairs.

B:

Hemademoneybybuyingandsellingtimber.

C:

D:

答案：D

2、【单选题】**Passage1****_Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowing

passage._**Iwasbominapleasantoldcolonialhousebuiltnear1750,and

boughtbymygrandfathersixtyorseventyyearsago.Hejoinedagroupof

acquaintanceswhowereengagedintheflourishingWestIndiantradeofthattime.

Formanyyearshekeptandextendedhisinterestsinshipping,buildingshipsand

buyinglargequantitiesoftimber,andsendingitdowntheriverandthentothe

sea.Thebusinesswasstillinexistenceinmyearlychildhood,soIcamein

contactwiththeup-countrypeoplewhosoldtimberaswellaswiththesailors

andshipmastersoftheothersideofthebusiness.Iusedtolingeraboutthe

busycountrystores,andlistentothelivelycountrytalk.Inmygrandfather’s

businesshousehold，myfatherhadtakentohisbook，asoldpeoplesaid,andgone

tocollegeandbegunthatdevotiontothestudyofmedicinewhichonlyendedwith

hislife.Hegavememyfirstandbestknowledgeofbooksbyhisowndelightand

dependenceuponthem,andruledmyearlyattemptsatwritingbyhisgoodtaste.

"Don'ttrytowriteaboutpeopleandthings,tellthemjustastheyare!"How

oftenmyyoungearsheardthesewordswithoutcomprehendingthem!ButwhileIwas

tooyoungandthoughtlesstoshareinanenthusiasmforSterneorFielding,and

SmollettorDonQuixote,mymotherandgrandmotherwereleadingmeintothe

pleasantwaysofPrideandPrejudice,andTheScenesofClericalLife,andthe

delightfulstoriesofMrs.Oliphant.Whenthetimecamethatmyownworldof

imaginationwasmorerealtomethananyother,Iwassometimesperplexedatmy

father'sdirectingmyattentiontocertainpointsofinterestinthecharacteror

surroundingsofouracquaintances.Icannothelpbelievingthatherecognized,

longbeforeIdidmyself,inwhatdirectionthecurrentofpurposeinmylifewas

setting.Now,asIwritemysketchesofcountrylife,Irememberagainandagain

thewisethingshesaid,andthesightshemademesee.Imayhaveinherited

somethingofmyfather’sknowledgeofhumannature,butmyfatherneverlosta

chanceoftryingtoteachmetoobserve.Ioweagreatdealtohispatiencewith

alittlegirlgivenfarmoretodreamsthantoaccuracy,andwithperhaps

toolittlenaturalsympathyforthedreamsofothers.InParagraph1,'theother

sideofthebusiness'refersto____.

buildingships

sailingships

A:

buyingtimber

B:

sellingtimber

C:

答D:案：C

3、【单选题】**Passage1****_Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowing

passage._**Iwasborninapleasantoldcolonialhousebuiltnear1750,and

boughtbymygrandfathersixtyorseventyyearsago.Hejoinedagroupof

acquaintanceswhowereengagedintheflourishingWestIndiantradeofthattime.

Formanyyearshekeptandextendedhisinterestsinshipping,buildingshipsand

buyinglargequantitiesoftimber,andsendingitdowntheriverandthentothe

sea.Thebusinesswasstillinexistenceinmyearlychildhood,soIcame

incontactwiththeup-countrypeoplewhosoldtimberaswellaswiththe

sailorsandshipmastersoftheothersideofthebusiness.Iusedtolingerabout

thebusycountrystores,andlistentothelivelycountrytalk.Inmy

grandfather’sbusinesshousehold，myfatherhadtakentohisbook，asoldpeople

said,andgonetocollegeandbegunthatdevotiontothestudyofmedicinewhich

onlyendedwithhislife.Hegavememyfirstandbestknowledgeofbooksby

hisowndelightanddependenceuponthem,andruledmyearlyattemptsatwritingby

hisgoodtaste."Don'ttrytowriteaboutpeopleandthings,tellthemjustas

theyare!"Howoftenmyyoungearsheardthesewordswithoutcomprehendingthem!

ButwhileIwastooyoungandthoughtlesstoshareinanenthusiasmforSterneor

Fielding,andSmollettorDonQuixote,mymotherandgrandmotherwereleadingme

intothepleasantwaysofPrideandPrejudice,andTheScenesofClericalLife,

andthedelightfulstoriesofMrs.Oliphant.Whenthetimecamethatmyownworld

ofimaginationwasmorerealtomethananyother,Iwassometimesperplexedatmy

father'sdirectingmyattentiontocertainpointsofinterestinthecharacteror

surroundingsofouracquaintances.Icannothelpbelievingthatherecognized,

longbeforeIdidmyself,inwhatdirectionthecurrentofpurposeinmylifewas

setting.Now,asIwritemysketchesofcountrylife,Irememberagainandagain

thewisethingshesaid,andthesightshemademesee.Imayhaveinherited

somethingofmyfather’sknowledgeofhumannature,butmyfatherneverlosta

chanceoftryingtoteachmetoobserve.Ioweagreatdealtohispatiencewitha

littlegirlgivenfarmoretodreamsthantoaccuracy,andwithperhapstoolittle

naturalsympathyforthedreamsofothers.Whattheauthorcherishesmostabout

herfatherishis____.

devotiontomedicine

adviceonwriting

A:

enthusiasmforliterature

B:

interestinbusiness

C:

答D:案：B

4、【单选题】**Passage1****_Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowing

passage._**Iwasbominapleasantoldcolonialhousebuiltnear1750,and

boughtbymygrandfathersixtyorseventyyearsago.Hejoinedagroupof

acquaintanceswhowereengagedintheflourishingWestIndiantradeofthattime.

Formanyyearshekeptandextendedhisinterestsinshipping,buildingshipsand

buyinglargequantitiesoftimber,andsendingitdowntheriverandthentothe

sea.Thebusinesswasstillinexistenceinmyearlychildhood,soIcamein

contactwiththeup-countrypeoplewhosoldtimberaswellaswiththesailors

andshipmastersoftheothersideofthebusiness.Iusedtolingeraboutthe

busycountrystores,andlistentothelivelycountrytalk.Inmygrandfather’s

businesshousehold，myfatherhadtakentohisbook，asoldpeoplesaid,andgone

tocollegeandbegunthatdevotiontothestudyofmedicinewhichonlyendedwith

hislife.Hegavememyfirstandbestknowledgeofbooksbyhisowndelightand

dependenceuponthem,andruledmyearlyattemptsatwritingbyhisgoodtaste.

"Don'ttrytowriteaboutpeopleandthings,tellthemjustastheyare!"How

oftenmyyoungearsheardthesewordswithoutcomprehendingthem!ButwhileIwas

tooyoungandthoughtlesstoshareinanenthusiasmforSterneorFielding,and

SmollettorDonQuixote,mymotherandgrandmotherwereleadingmeintothe

pleasantwaysofPrideandPrejudice,andTheScenesofClericalLife,andthe

delightfulstoriesofMrs.Oliphant.Whenthetimecamethatmyownworldof

imaginationwasmorerealtomethananyother,Iwassometimesperplexedatmy

father'sdirectingmyattentiontocertainpointsofinterestinthecharacteror

surroundingsofouracquaintances.Icannothelpbelievingthatherecognized,

longbeforeIdidmyself,inwhatdirectionthecurrentofpurposeinmylifewas

setting.Now,asIwritemysketchesofcountrylife,Irememberagainandagain

thewisethingshesaid,andthesightshemademesee.Imayhaveinherited

somethingofmyfather’sknowledgeofhumannature,butmyfatherneverlosta

chanceoftryingtoteachmetoobserve.Ioweagreatdealtohispatiencewith

alittlegirlgivenfarmoretodreamsthantoaccuracy,andwithperhaps

toolittlenaturalsympathyforthedreamsofothers.Asfaraswritingis

concerned,theauthor'sfatheremphasizedtheimportanceof____.

countrysettings

plentifulpatience

A:

wildimagination

B:

accurateobservation

C:

答D:案：D

5、【单选题】**Passage1****_Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowing

passage._**Iwasbominapleasantoldcolonialhousebuiltnear1750,and

boughtbymygrandfathersixtyorseventyyearsago.Hejoinedagroupof

acquaintanceswhowereengagedintheflourishingWestIndiantradeofthattime.

Formanyyearshekeptandextendedhisinterestsinshipping,buildingshipsand

buyinglargequantitiesoftimber,andsendingitdowntheriverandthentothe

sea.Thebusinesswasstillinexistenceinmyearlychildhood,soIcamein

contactwiththeup-countrypeoplewhosoldtimberaswellaswiththesailors

andshipmastersoftheothersideofthebusiness.Iusedtolingeraboutthe

busycountrystores,andlistentothelivelycountrytalk.Inmygrandfather’s

businesshousehold，myfatherhadtakentohisbook，asoldpeoplesaid,andgone

tocollegeandbegunthatdevotiontothestudyofmedicinewhichonlyendedwith

hislife.Hegavememyfirstandbestknowledgeofbooksbyhisowndelightand

dependenceuponthem,andruledmyearlyattemptsatwritingbyhisgoodtaste.

"Don'ttrytowriteaboutpeopleandthings,tellthemjustastheyare!"How

oftenmyyoungearsheardthesewordswithoutcomprehendingthem!ButwhileIwas

tooyoungandthoughtlesstoshareinanenthusiasmforSterneorFielding,and

SmollettorDonQuixote,mymotherandgrandmotherwereleadingmeintothe

pleasantwaysofPrideandPrejudice,andTheScenesofClericalLife,andthe

delightfulstoriesofMrs.Oliphant.Whenthetimecamethatmyownworldof

imaginationwasmorerealtomethananyother,Iwassometimesperplexedatmy

father'sdirectingmyattentiontocertainpointsofinterestinthecharacteror

surroundingsofouracquaintances.Icannothelpbelievingthatherecognized,

longbeforeIdidmyself,inwhatdirectionthecurrentofpurposeinmylifewas

setting.Now,asIwritemysketchesofcountrylife,Irememberagainandagain

thewisethingshesaid,andthesightshemademesee.Imayhaveinherited

somethingofmyfather’sknowledgeofhumannature,butmyfatherneverlosta

chanceoftryingtoteachmetoobserve.Ioweagreatdealtohispatiencewith

alittlegirlgivenfarmoretodreamsthantoaccuracy,andwithperhaps

toolittlenaturalsympathyforthedreamsofothers.Theauthorisprobably

knownforherwritingsabout.

countrylife

modembusiness

A:

colonialhistory

B:

old-timeseafaring

C:

答D:案：A

6、【单选题】**Passage2****_Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowing

passage._**Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthan

anyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmay

beunusualterritoryforeconomists，butenhancingwomen’scontribution

todevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.And

economics,withitsemphasisonincentives(激励)，providesanexplanationforwhy

somanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailto

investintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomic

contributiontothefamily;girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse's

familyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandare

keptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecy

(预言）becomesself-fulfilling，trappingwomeninaviciouscircle(恶性循环）of

neglect.Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,earnsmoreandfacesan

entirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthier

childrenandinsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthather

daughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesit

muchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,will

beeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoa

virtuouscircle.Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits,

butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthe

directeffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to

20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsare

impressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejust

thebeginning.Accordingtotheauthor,educatinggirlsindevelopingcountries

may____.

bemorerewardingthanexpected

causeannoyingproblemsanddifficulties

A:

bringtoanendsocialandeconomicproblems

B:

bringafamilyintoafinanciallydifficultsituation

C:

答D:案：A

7、【单选题】**Passage2****_Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowing

passage._**Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthan

anyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmay

beunusualterritoryforeconomists，butenhancingwomen’scontribution

todevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.And

economics,withitsemphasisonincentives(激励)，providesanexplanationforwhy

somanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailto

investintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomic

contributiontothefamily;girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse's

familyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandare

keptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecy

(预言）becomesself-fulfilling，trappingwomeninaviciouscircle(恶性循环）of

neglect.Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,earnsmoreandfacesan

entirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthier

childrenandinsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthather

daughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesit

muchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,will

beeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoa

virtuouscircle.Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits,

butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthe

directeffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to

20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsare

impressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejust

thebeginning.Bysaying“…theprophecybecomesself-fulfillinginParagraph2,

theauthormeansthatgirlswill____.

befoundlessvaluablethanboys

findtheirgoalsinlifeunreachable

A:

bediscontentedwiththeirlifeathome

B:

becapableofrealizingtheirowndreams

C:

答D:案：A

8、【单选题】**Passage2****_Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowing

passage._**Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthan

anyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmay

beunusualterritoryforeconomists，butenhancingwomen’scontribution

todevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.And

economics,withitsemphasisonincentives(激励)，providesanexplanationforwhy

somanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailto

investintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomic

contributiontothefamily;girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse's

familyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandare

keptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecy

(预言）becomesself-fulfilling，trappingwomeninaviciouscircle(恶性循环）of

neglect.Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,earnsmoreandfacesan

entirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthier

childrenandinsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthather

daughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesit

muchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,will

beeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoa

virtuouscircle.Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits,

butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthe

directeffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to

20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsare

impressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejust

thebeginning.Intheauthor'sopinion,aviciouscirclecanturnintoavirtuous

circlewhen_____.

therearemoredaughtersinafamily

afamilyisrichenoughtoeducateboys

A:

afamilyhasmorebuthealthierchildren

B:

C:

mothersknowtheimportanceofeducatinggirls

答D:案：D

9、【单选题】**Passage2****_Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowing

passage._**Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthan

anyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmay

beunusualterritoryforeconomists，butenhancingwomen’scontribution

todevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.And

economics,withitsemphasisonincentives(激励)，providesanexplanationforwhy

somanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailto

investintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomic

contributiontothefamily;girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse's

familyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandare

keptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecy

(预言）becomesself-fulfilling，trappingwomeninaviciouscircle(恶性循环）of

neglect.Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,earnsmoreandfacesan

entirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthier

childrenandinsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthather

daughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesit

muchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,will

beeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoa

virtuouscircle.Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits,

butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthe

directeffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to

20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsare

impressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejust

thebeginning.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomenseducation?

Itisthemostimportantsocialissue.

Itisnowgiventoppriorityindevelopingcountries.

A:

Ityieldsgreaterreturnsthanotherknowninvestments.

B:

Ithasarousedtheinterestofagrowingnumberofeconomists.

C:

答D:案：C

10、【单选题】**Passage2****_Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowing

passage._**Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthan

anyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmay

beunusualterritoryforeconomists，butenhancingwomen’scontribution

todevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.And

economics,withitsemphasisonincentives(激励)，providesanexplanationforwhy

somanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailto

investintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomic

contributiontothefamily;girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse's

familyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandare

keptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecy

(预言）becomesself-fulfilling，trappingwomeninaviciouscircle(恶性循环）of

neglect.Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,earnsmoreandfacesan

entirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthier

childrenandinsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthather

daughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesit

muchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,will

beeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoa

virtuouscircle.Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits,

butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthe

directeffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to

20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsare

impressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejust

thebeginning.Thispassagemainlydiscusses______.

theeconomicbenefitsofeducatingwomen

thesocialcontributionsofeducatedwomen

A:

thepoliticalinfluenceofwell-educatedwomen

B:

theunfairtreatmentofgirlsindevelopingcountries

C:

答D:案：A

11、【单选题】**Passage3****_Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowing

passage._**ThehistoryoftheU.S.fromLincoln’sdeathtothewaveof

assassinationsinthe1960scanbeseenasastruggletorealizeLincoln’svision

ofasocietywhosecitizensarenotheldbackbyparentageororigin.The

struggletosecurethischanceforallAmericanshasbeenbitterandbloody,and

itisfarfromover.AfterLincoln'sdeath,theFourteenthAmendmentpromised

thattheFederalUnionwouldguaranteetherightsofallpersonsagainst

violationbythestates.However,thisguaranteewasexploitedbybusiness

corporationswhileremainingahollowpromisetomillionsofactualpersons.Women

didnotgetthevoteuntilfiveamendmentslater,andtheirlegalrightswere

oftenlostinmarriage.Asforblacks,politicalequalityremainedmostly

somethingunrealuntilthepassageoftheVotingRightsActonehundredyears

afterLincoln’sdeath.ThestruggletorealizeLincoln'sidealwasundertakennot

onlybyworkersagainstcapitalbutalsobyimmigrantsagainstthepolitical

system.InlessthanonehumanlifespanfollowingtheCivilWar,theU.S.

absorbedagreatnumberofimmigrantswhoformedthenextwaveofwhatLincolnhad

called"prudentandpenniless"beginners.Theyfoundthatsocialservices

wereforgottenbyapoliticalsystemthatranongraft(腐败).Theriskofinjury，

disease，andearlydeathwerelargelyignored,forcingmillionstorelyon

themselves,onfamily,andonthecharityoffriends.Tosomewhowatchedthe

immigrantspourin,itseemedthatAmericawouldhavetoreorganizeitself

accordingtothemulticulturalprinciplethatwehearsomuchabouttoday.The

term“multiculturalism”waspopularizedbyHoraceKallen.Hewroteinhisbook

TheNationin1915thatwiththegrowthoflargeimmigrantcommunities,therate

ofmixedmarriagewoulddrop(hewaswrong)andthelikelihoodofanewAmerican

racewoulddecline.TheU.S.,hepredicted,wouldturnintoademocracyof

nationalitiesinwhich"selfhoodisancestrallydetermined."Tootherobservers，

however，thecountrywassimplyslidingintodisorder,asitseemedtoHenryAdams

in1905whenhelookedoutoftheclubwindowontheturmoilofFifthAvenueand

felthimselfinthedisorderlyRomeaswitnessedbyEmperorDiocletian.Lincoln

imaginedthattheU.S.wouldbeasocietyfreefromtheinfluenceofone’s____.

wealth

education

A:

heritage

B:

personality

C:

答D:案：C

12、【单选题】**Passage3****_Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowing

passage._**ThehistoryoftheU.S.fromLincoln’sdeathtothewaveof

assassinationsinthe1960scanbeseenasastruggletorealizeLincoln’svision

ofasocietywhosecitizensarenotheldbackbyparentageororigin.The

struggletosecurethischanceforallAmericanshasbeenbitterandbloody,and

itisfarfromover.AfterLincoln'sdeath,theFourteenthAmendmentpromised

thattheFederalUnionwouldguaranteetherightsofallpersonsagainst

violationbythestates.However,thisguaranteewasexploitedbybusiness

corporationswhileremainingahollowpromisetomillionsofactualpersons.Women

didnotgetthevoteuntilfiveamendmentslater,andtheirlegalrightswere

oftenlostinmarriage.Asforblacks,politicalequalityremainedmostly

somethingunrealuntilthepassageoftheVotingRightsActonehundredyears

afterLincoln’sdeath.ThestruggletorealizeLincoln'sidealwasundertakennot

onlybyworkersagainstcapitalbutalsobyimmigrantsagainstthepolitical

system.InlessthanonehumanlifespanfollowingtheCivilWar,theU.S.

absorbedagreatnumberofimmigrantswhoformedthenextwaveofwhatLincolnhad

called"prudentandpenniless"beginners.Theyfoundthatsocialservices

wereforgottenbyapoliticalsystemthatranongraft(腐败).Theriskofinjury，

disease，andearlydeathwerelargelyignored,forcingmillionstorelyon

themselves,onfamily,andonthecharityoffriends.Tosomewhowatchedthe

immigrantspourin,itseemedthatAmericawouldhavetoreorganizeitself

accordingtothemulticulturalprinciplethatwehearsomuchabouttoda