2025届新高考英语复习：定语与定语从句

2025届新高考英语精品复习定语与定语从句Attributive&Attibutiveclause定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或从句，汉语中常用“......的”表示。分为前置定语和后置定语，前置定语在所修饰的词之前，通常较短;后置定语在所修饰的词之后，通常较长。定语一般由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语)、动名词或从句充当。下面举例说明：1.名词（前置）：

Sheworksinashoefactory.

Weneedtenmen/womendrivers.2.代词（前置）：

Myfatherlikesthisjobverymuch.3.数词（前置）:

Thereare45studentsinourclass.4.形容词（前置/后置）:Thisisausefulbook.（单个形容词作定语一般前置）Thereisnothingimportantintoday'snewspaper.(修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,通常后置)Whoelsedoyouknow?(修饰疑问代词时,通常后置)Hegavemeabasketfullofeggs.（形容词短语作定语一般后置）Ihaven'tgotenough

money.Wehavetime

enoughtodothework.（enough修饰名词可前置或后置）Thereisatree5metrestallinfrontofherhouse.（形容词被量度词修饰时,量度词与形容词一起后置）比较：Thereisa5-metre-talltreeinfrontofherhouse.Timealonewillshowyouwhowasright.（由前缀a-开头的形容词作定语时通常要后置）5.副词（后置）:Thepeoplehere/thereareveryfriendly.6.介词短语（后置）:

Thebookonthedeskismine.7.动词不定式（后置）:

Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.8.分词(短语)（前置/后置）:

ChinaisadevelopingcountrywhileAmericaisadeveloped

country.

(单个分词作定语一般前置)

Thepeople

involvedshouldstayhere.

（起强调用的单个分词作定语可后置）

Themeetingbeingheldnowisveryimportant.

Themeetingheldyesterdayisveryimportant.

（分词短语作定语要后置）9.动名词（前置）:

Hefoundanotherhidingplace.10.从句（后置）:

Thegirl(who/whom/that)yousawjustnowismysister.

Hewonfirstplace,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.hewonfirstplace（主谓结构）Hewonfirstplace.（句子）Thathewonfirstplaceistrue.（主从复合句）That

hewonfirstplaceistrue.（主语从句）Idon’tknow（that）

hewonfirstplace.（宾语从句）Thegoodnewsisthat

hewonfirstplace.（表语从句）Thegoodnewsthat

hewonfirstplaceistrue.（同位语从句）Thematch（that）

hewonfirstplaceinisverywonderful.（定语从句）Heworkedsohardthat

hewonfirstplace.（状语从句）

从句，就是一个主谓结构在一个句子中充当一个成分。作定语的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，用来修饰主句中的某个名词、代词、主句全部或部分内容。被定语从句修饰的词叫“先行词”。定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后。引导定语从句的词叫“引导词”，引导词包括关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose，as）和关系副词（when,where,why）。引导词位于先行词和定语从句之间并替代先行词在定语从句中担任一定的句子成分，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语，关系代词作宾语紧跟先行词时可以省略。定语从句分为限制性定语从句（引导词可用that,which,who,whom,whose，as，when,where,why）和非限制性定语从句（引导词可用which,who,whom,whose，as，when,where,why）。（二）关系代词的用法:1.that和which

that

指人或物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。

which

指物、主句全部或部分内容，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。Thepersonthatisspeakingatthemeetingnowisapopsinger.Hisfatherworksinafactory

that/whichmakesTVsets.Thecoat

(which/that)Iputonthedeskisblack.Hewonfirstprizeinthematch,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.（一）基本结构:

先行词+引导词+定语从句剩余部分只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句:1)先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用that

Thisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.2)先行词被序数词修饰时，定语从句只能用that

Thechildrenlikethesecondlessonthatisabout“TheFootballMatch”.3)先行词被theonly，thevery,thesame等修饰，定语从句只能用that

Itistheonlyword(that)Iknowinthepassage.

Whereistheverybook(that)Iboughtjustnow?

Thisisthesamebicycle(that)Ilost.(onebicycle)ThisisthesamebicycleasIjustbought.(twobicycles)4)先行词为everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，

many,few等不定代词时，定语从句只能用thatIwanteverything(that)Iwant.Iamwritingtotellyouaboutsomethingverystrangethathappenedtomelastweek.5)先行词被不定代词all,any,no,every,little,much,many等修饰时，只能用thatHereisallthemoney(that)Ihave.6)先行词是同时含有“人和物”的名词时，定语从句只能用thatIcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Iseeintheroom.7)定语从句所修饰的词为theone时，定语从句用that引导Isittheone(that)youwant?8)为了避免重复，在疑问词which/who之后，用that引导定语从句

Whoisthegirlthatwonthefirstplace?只能用which不能用that引导的定语从句:（先行词为物时）1)当定语从句为非限制性定语从句时，只能用which引导

Itrainedhardyesterday,

whichpreventedmefromgoingtothepark.2)在介词后只能用which引导

Thehousein

whichweliveisnotbig.2.who和whom

who指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。介词后只能用whom。

Whoistheteacher（that）XiaoLiistalkingto?

ThedoctorwithwhomshewenttotheUnitedStateslastmonthisveryfamous.

=Thedoctor(who/whom/that)shewenttotheUnitedStateswithlastmonthisveryfamous.3.whose

whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，可替换为ofwhom/which+the+n.或者the+n.+ofwhom/which

Doyouknowthegirlwhosename(=

thenameofwhom/ofwhomthename)isBetty?

Theroomwhosewindow(=

thewindowofwhich/ofwhichthewindow)facesnorthisourkitchen.4.as

as指人、物、主句全部或部分内容，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。当先行词被thesame,such,so,as等词修饰时，一般用as引导限制性定语从句。as引导非限定性定语从句时，常放于主句之前。●LastweekIboughtthesameshoesasyouweartoday.●Asisknowntous,theearthisround.（三）关系副词的用法:

Istillremembertheday

when(=onwhich)IfirstcametoBeijing.TheSpringFestivalisthemostimportanttraditional

festivalinChinawhen(=duringwhich)allthehouseholdsreunite.注意：①

when替换成介词+which时，介词的选择由先行词在从句中作

时间状语的搭配决定。

②除时间名词外，occasion作先行词并在定语从句中作状语时，关系副词也用when。Youmustremembersomeimportantoccasions

whenyoushouldbehaveyourself.1.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。2.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。Thisisthehouse

where(=inwhich)Ilivedtwoyearsago.Crosstheriver

where(=overwhich)thereisanoldstonebridge.注意：①

where替换成介词+which时，介词的选择由先行词在从句

中作地点状语的搭配决定。

②除地点名词外，case,situation,position,stage等作先行词并在定语从句中作状语时，关系副词也用where。●Therearealwayssomesituations

whereyouwonderwhattodo.●Ireachedthestage

whereImustmakeadecisiononmyown.3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示

原因的reason一词。Wedon’tknowthereason

why(=forwhich)hewaslateforschool.注意：why替换成介词+which时，介词只能用for。（四）介词+关系代词的使用:

当先行词是物时，用介词+which；当先行词是人时，用介词+whom。Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalfofwhichwerepublishedinthe1990s.Ihavemanyfriends,ofwhomsomearelivingabroad.注意：介词的选择应考虑如下三个方面：1)介词与从句中谓语动词的搭配。Youmustrememberthepersontowhomyoulentyourbooks.2)介词与先行词的搭配。

Theday

onwhich

shearrivedwasWednesday.3)结合语境恰当选用介词。Theriveroverwhichthereisabridgeisnearmyhouse.Theriveronwhichthereisaboatisnearmyhouse.Theriverinwhichtherearemanyfishisnearmyhouse.小结引导词所替代者（先行词）在定语从句中担任的句子成分that人、物主语、宾语、表语which物、主句全部或部分内容主语、宾语、表语who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语whose人、物定语as人、物、主句全部或部分内容主语、宾语、表语when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数量上与先行词保持一致。对比：用关系代词还是关系副词由先行词在定语从句中充当的句子成分决定。1.

I’llneverforgettheday①____________wespenttogetherinBeijing.

②_____wemetinBeijingforthefirsttime.2.Thisistheschool①____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

②_____Iworkedtenyearsago.3.Isthisthereason①_____________hegaveyouforhisbeinglate?

②_____hewaslateforthemeeting?(that/which)when=onwhich(that/which)where=in/atwhich(that/which)why=forwhich练习㈠

单项选择1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.

A.thatB.whoC.whomD.this2.Theman_____livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.

A.whomB.whichC.whoD./3.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.

A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.as4.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?

A.whereB.whichC.whoD.whom5.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsstayedyesterday?

A.whereB.thatC.whichD.whoAC

AB

A6.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.

A.whichB.thatC./D.it7.Thegirlhandedeverything_____shehadpickedupinthe

streettothepolice.

A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.all8.Thestudent_____cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.

A.whichB.whomC.whoD.whose9.Pleaseshowmethebook_____youboughtyesterday.

A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.this10.Thisisthebestbook_____Ihavebeenlookingforalltheseyears.

A.whoB.whomC.whichD./BCCAD11.Thisistheonlyarticleofthesethat_____writtenbyhim.

A.wasB.wereC.isD.are12.Theman_____washerejustnowisadoctor.

A.whomB.whoC./D.he13.Theboy_____nextdoorhastwolovelydogs.

A.wholiveB.whichlivesC.whomlivesD.thatlives14.Those_____madenomistakesintoday’sexercises,please

raiseyourhands.

A.whichB.whomC.thatD.who15.Don’tgoin.Thisistheshop_____wehavejustbeen_____.

A./,toB.that,/C.where,toD.which,there

A

BD

DA16.Heisthemostcarefulboy_____Iknow.

A.whatB.whichC.asD./17.Thisistheschool_____Mr.Smithoncetaught.

A.inthatB.whenC.whereD.there18.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_____thefamousscientistwasborn?

A.whereB.inthatC.thatD.which19.Thefactory_____Mr.Liusedtoworkwasclosedlastweek.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which20.Doyoustillremembertheday_____wefirstmet?

A.thatB.whenC.whatD.onthat

D

C

ABB21.Heissocleveraboy___wealllike.

A.whomB.thatC.whoD.as22.October1,1949istheday_____we’llneverforget.

A.whenB.thatC.whereD.inwhich23.October1,1949wastheday_____thePeople’sRepublicof

Chinawasfounded.

A.whichB.whenC.whereD.inwhich24.Isthistheshop_____sellschildren’sclothing?

A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.what25.Isthisthemuseum_____theyworkedlastyear?

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where

D

B

B

A

D26.Istillrememberthesitting-room_____mymotherandIused

sit

intheevening.

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where27.Didyoutellyourmotherall___youhadseenonthewayhome?

A.whatB.whyC.thatD.which28.It’soneofthemostimportantmeetings___thisyear.

A.thathasbeenheld

B.whichhasbeenheld

C.thathavebeenheld

D.whichhavebeenheld29.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding___thereisawell?

A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhose

C.infrontofwhichD.inthefrontofwhich30.I’llneverforgettheday___IjoinedtheLeague.

A.whenB.whichC.inwhichD.asD

C

CC

A31.Sheshowedhernewwatchtomywife,___waskeptinabox.

A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it32.Shehadthreesons,all___becamedoctors.

A.whoB.whomC.ofthemD.ofwhom33.Thisisthenewtypeofplane___partsaremadeofplastics.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whose34.___isknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry,belongingto

thethirdworld.

A.ItB.ThatC.AsD.Which35.Isthistheleaningtower___Galileodidexperimentscenturiesago?

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when

B

D

DC

B36.Manyyoungpeople,mostof___werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.

A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that37.Pleasepassmethedictionary___isblack.

A.itscoverB.whichcover

C.ofwhichthecoverD.coverofwhich38.Tellusaboutthepeopleandtheplaces___aredifferentfromours.

A.thatB.whoC.whichD.where39.Myneighborsusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,___wasverykindofthem.

A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whom40.Theplace___youarestandingusedtobeanoldchurch.

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when

C

CA

B

B练习㈡

将下列两句话合并成一句1.Ican’tfindthebook.Iboughtabookyesterday._____________________________________________________________2.Thegirlismysister.Thegirlisstandingonthestage._____________________________________________________________3.TheWestLakeliesinHangzhou.TheWestLakeisoneofthemostfamouslakesinChina._____________________________________________________________4.Idon’tknowthatboy.Theboyisinblueshirt._____________________________________________________________5.Mybrotherlikesthesingers.Thesingerswritetheirownmusic._____________________________________________________________

Ican’tfindthebook(that/which)Iboughtyesterday.

Thegirlwho/thatisstandingonthestageismysister.

TheWestLakethat/whichliesinHangzhouisoneofthemostfamouslakesinChina.Idon’tknowtheboywho/thatisinblueshirt.Mybrotherlikesthesingerswho/thatwritetheirownmusic.6.Thecatismine.Thecatisplayingwithaball.__________________________________________________________7.Hewastalkingwithalady.Hersonwasill.__________________________________________________________8.Yousentmysisterapresent.Thankyouverymuchforit.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thecatwhich/thatisplayingwithaballismine.Shewastalkingwithaladywhosesonwasill.

Thankyouverymuchforthepresentwhich/thatyousenttomy

sister.9.Sheisagoodperson.Everyonelikestomakefriendswithher.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10.Heissittinginachair.Itisbroken.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Sheisagoodpersonwho/that/whomeveryonelikestomakefriendswith.=Sheisagoodpersonwithwhomeveryonelikestomakefriends.Heissittinginachairwhichisbroken.=Thechairwhich/thatheissittinginisbroken.=Thechairwhere/inwhichheissittingisbroken.练习(三）单句填空1.Peoplespokehighlyofthedriver_________,inspiteoftheterribleweather,hadsavedhispassengersfromdanger.2.Theisland_____helivedinhischildhoodisfarfromthetown.3.Ihopetogetsuchatool______herepairedthismachinewith.4.Thesoldiersstoppedattheedgeofawood,______wastherightplaceforanambush(埋伏).5.NathanHale,in_____boottheBritishguardhadfoundthemapsoftheBritisharmy'sdefenseworks,facedhisenemybravely.who/thatwhereaswhichwhose6.Thefactoryhas500workers,of_____40percentarewomen.7.Heoftentalkedabouttheartistsandpaintings____________impressedhimgreatly.8.Studentsaresuretobenefitfromeveryminute_______ismadethebestoftostudytheirlessons.9.Thiscookistheone___________________wedroppedinontheotherday.10.Iwillneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.whomthatthatwho/whom/thatthat/which练习（四）单句改错1.Itisknowntoall,theXishaIslandsaretheterritories(领土)ofChina.2.Hisfamily,whichareallmusiclovers,don'twanttomissMTVprogrammes.3.Whoisthepersonwhoaskedformejustnow?4.ThepersontowhoyouspokeisastudentofGradeTwo.5.Thisisthefactorywherewevisitedlastweek.━As━━━

who━━that━━━whom━━━━━that/which6.MyfatherworksinafactorythatmakeTVsets.7.Thereisnothingintheworldwhichcanfrightenhim.8.ThepersonIsharetheroomwithhimisayoungteacherfreshfromcollege.9.IcanstillrememberthesittingroomwhichmymotherandIusedtositintheevening.10.Achildwhoparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.━━━━━makes━━━━━━that━━━━━━━━━━where━━━whose对比练习1.October1,1949istheday①___________we’llneverforget.

②_____thePeople’sRepublicof

Chinawasfounded.2.Thebeachistheplace①_________Imostlikeinthesummer.

②_____Imostliketogointhesummer.3.Isthisthereason①_________hegaveyouforhisbeinglate?

②_____hewaslateforthemeeting?(that/which)when(that/which)where(that/which)why4.Heisafamousarchitect,

①_____wonaninternationalawardlast

year.

②_____designswonaninternational

awardlastyear.

③thedesignsof_____wonan

internationalawardlastyear.

④of_____thedesignswonan

internationalawardlastyear.whowhosewhomwhom高考题1.(2020年全国卷1语法填空)Chinafirsthadtoputasatellitein

orbitabovethemooninaspot_____itcouldsendsignalsto

thespacecraft(航天器)andtoEarth.2.(2020年全国卷2短文改错)Thankyouforyourletter,whatreally

mademehappy.3.(2020年全国卷3语法填空)InancientChinalivedanartist________

paintingswerealmostlifelike.